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Santry LA, van Vloten JP, AuYeung AWK, Mould RC, Yates JGE, McAusland TM, Petrik JJ, Major PP, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Recombinant Newcastle disease viruses expressing immunological checkpoint inhibitors induce a pro-inflammatory state and enhance tumor-specific immune responses in two murine models of cancer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1325558. [PMID: 38328418 PMCID: PMC10847535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1325558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor microenvironments are immunosuppressive due to progressive accumulation of mutations in cancer cells that can drive expression of a range of inhibitory ligands and cytokines, and recruitment of immunomodulatory cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Methods To reverse this immunosuppression, we engineered mesogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to express immunological checkpoint inhibitors anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and soluble programmed death protein-1. Results Intratumoral administration of recombinant NDV (rNDV) to mice bearing intradermal B16-F10 melanomas or subcutaneous CT26LacZ colon carcinomas led to significant changes in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte profiles. Vectorizing immunological checkpoint inhibitors in NDV increased activation of intratumoral natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells and decreased Tregs and MDSCs, suggesting induction of a pro-inflammatory state with greater infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. These notable changes translated to higher ratios of activated effector/suppressor tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in both cancer models, which is a promising prognostic marker. Whereas all rNDV-treated groups showed evidence of tumor regression and increased survival in the CT26LacZ and B16-F10, only treatment with NDV expressing immunological checkpoint blockades led to complete responses compared to tumors treated with NDV only. Discussion These data demonstrated that NDV expressing immunological checkpoint inhibitors could reverse the immunosuppressive state of tumor microenvironments and enhance tumor-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob P. van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda W. K. AuYeung
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Robert C. Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob G. E. Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas M. McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Jung B, An YH, Jang SH, Ryu G, Jung S, Kim S, Kim C, Jang H. The tumor suppressive effect and apoptotic mechanism of TRAIL gene-containing recombinant NDV in TRAIL-resistant colorectal cancer HT-29 cells and TRAIL-nonresistant HCT116 cells, with each cell bearing a mouse model. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20380-20395. [PMID: 37843231 PMCID: PMC10652305 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRAIL is an anticancer drug that induces cancer cell apoptosis by interacting with death receptors (DRs). However, owing to low cell-surface expression of DRs, certain colorectal cancer (CRC) cells resist TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection can elevate DR protein expression in cancer cells, potentially influencing their TRAIL sensitivity. However, the precise mechanism by which NDV infection modulates DR expression and impacts TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells remains unknown. METHODS Herein, we developed nonpathogenic NDV VG/GA strain-based recombinant NDV (rNDV) and TRAIL gene-containing rNDV (rNDV-TRAIL). We observed that viral infections lead to increased DR and TRAIL expressions and activate signaling proteins involved in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Experiments were conducted in vitro using TRAIL-resistant CRC cells (HT-29) and nonresistant CRC cells (HCT116) and in vivo using relevant mouse models. RESULTS rNDV-TRAIL was found to exhibit better apoptotic efficacy than rNDV in CRC cells. Notably, rNDV-TRAIL had the stronger cancer cell-killing effect in TRAIL-resistant CRC cells. Western blot analyses showed that both rNDV and rNDV-TRAIL infections activate signaling proteins involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Notably, rNDV-TRAIL promotes concurrent intrinsic and extrinsic signal transduction in both HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, rNDV-TRAIL infection effectively enhances DR expression in DR-depressed HT-29 cells. Moreover, the TRAIL protein expressed by rNDV-TRAIL effectively interacts with DR, leading to enhanced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant HT-29 cells. Therefore, rNDV-TRAIL has potential as a promising therapeutic approach for treating TRAIL-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung Hoon Jang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, College of medicineYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | - Seonhee Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Cuk‐Seong Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jang
- Libentech Co. LTDDaejeonRepublic of Korea
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Ortega-Rivera OA, Gallegos-Alcalá P, Jiménez M, Quintanar JL, Torres-Juarez F, Rivas-Santiago B, del Toro-Arreola S, Salinas E. Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Newcastle Disease Virus Strain P05 in a Breast Cancer Mouse Model. J Breast Cancer 2023; 26:186-200. [PMID: 37051644 PMCID: PMC10139849 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional therapies and surgery remain the standard treatment for breast cancer. However, combating the eventual development of metastasis is still a challenge. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the various species of viruses under clinical evaluation as a vector for oncolytic, gene-, and immune-stimulating therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of a recombinant NDV (rNDV-P05) in a breast cancer murine model. METHODS Tumors were induced by injecting the cellular suspension (4T1 cell line) subcutaneously. The virus strain P05 was applied three times at intervals of seven days, starting seven days after tumor induction, and was completed 21 days later. Determination of tumor weight, spleen index, and lung metastasis were done after sacrificing the mice. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD8+ infiltrated cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS rNDV-P05 showed a route-of-administration-dependent effect, demonstrating that the systemic administration of the virus significantly reduces the tumor mass and volume, spleen index, and abundance of metastatic clonogenic colonies in lung tissue, and increases the inhibition rate of the tumor. The intratumoral administration of rNDV-P05 was ineffective for all the parameters evaluated. Antitumor and antimetastatic capability of rNDV-P05 is mediated, at least partially, through its immune-stimulatory effect on the upregulation of TNF-α, TRAIL, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, and its ability to recruit CD8+ T cells into tumor tissue. CONCLUSION Systemic treatment with rNDV-P05 decreases the tumoral parameters in the breast cancer murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Antonio Ortega-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Mariela Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - J. Luis Quintanar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Flor Torres-Juarez
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Susana del Toro-Arreola
- Department of Physiology, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Institute of Research in Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomic, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Ghorbankhani GA, Mohammadi A, Kazemipur N, Morovati S, Gharesi Fard B, Nazifi Habibabadi S, Hashempour Sadeghian M. Apoptotic activity of Newcastle disease virus in comparison with nisin A in MDA-MB-231 cell line. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:29-37. [PMID: 36816859 PMCID: PMC9906615 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.542258.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Given the development of drug-resistant cancer cells, designing alternative approaches for cancer treatment seems essential. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effects of nisin A and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. The MDA-MB-231 cell line was separately and in combination subjected to the different concentrations of a Vero-adapted NDV (JF820294.1) and nisin A. The oncolytic effects of these treatments were analyzed by different cytotoxic and apoptosis techniques including trypan blue staining, MTT assay, acridine orange (EB/AO) staining, colony assay and flow cytometry over time. Nisin A at doses of more than 20.00 μg mL-1 could represent the anti-viral effects and interfere with the oncolytic activity of NDV. Moreover, the analyses indicated that the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic features of combination therapy were stronger than those of individual NDV groups. However, the most apoptotic effect was seen in NDV experimental groups. Taken together, the results from cytotoxicity tests, flow cytometry and colony assay showed that either of the oncolytic agents had significant effects at low concentrations 72 hr post-treatment. Thereby, they had the potential to be used as new approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; ,Correspondence Ali Mohammadi. DVM, PhD, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nasrin Kazemipur
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Behrouz Gharesi Fard
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Saeed Nazifi Habibabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Li Q, Tan F, Wang Y, Liu X, Kong X, Meng J, Yang L, Cen S. The gamble between oncolytic virus therapy and IFN. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971674. [PMID: 36090998 PMCID: PMC9453641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies are being conducted on oncolytic virotherapy which one of the mechanisms is mediating interferon (IFN) production by it exerts antitumor effects. The antiviral effect of IFN itself has a negative impact on the inhibition of oncolytic virus or tumor eradication. Therefore, it is very critical to understand the mechanism of IFN regulation by oncolytic viruses, and to define its mechanism is of great significance for improving the antitumor effect of oncolytic viruses. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of IFNs by various oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies. In addition, the exerting and the producing pathways of IFNs are briefly summarized, and some current issues are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxian Tan
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Long Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
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Javaheri A, Bykov Y, Mena I, García-Sastre A, Cuadrado-Castano S. Avian Paramyxovirus 4 Antitumor Activity Leads to Complete Remissions and Long-term Protective Memory in Preclinical Melanoma and Colon Carcinoma Models. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:602-615. [PMID: 35937459 PMCID: PMC9351398 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avulaviruses represent a diverse subfamily of non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses infecting avian species worldwide. To date, 22 different serotypes have been identified in a variety of avian hosts, including wild and domestic birds. APMV-1, also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is the only avulavirus that has been extensively characterized due to its relevance for the poultry industry and, more recently, its inherent oncolytic activity and potential as a cancer therapeutic. An array of both naturally-occurring and recombinant APMV-1 strains has been tested in different preclinical models and clinical trials, highlighting NDV as a promising viral agent for human cancer therapy. To date, the oncolytic potential of other closely related avulaviruses remains unknown. Here, we have examined the in vivo anti-tumor capability of prototype strains of APMV serotypes -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8 and -9 in syngeneic murine colon carcinoma and melanoma tumor models. Our studies have identified APMV-4 Duck/Hong Kong/D3/1975 virus as a novel oncolytic agent with greater therapeutic potential than one of the NDV clinical candidate strains, La Sota. Intratumoral administration of the naturally-occurring APMV-4 virus significantly extends survival, promotes complete remission, and confers protection against re-challenge in both murine colon carcinoma and melanoma tumor models. Furthermore, we have designed a plasmid rescue strategy that allows us to develop recombinant APMV-4-based viruses. The infectious clone rAPMV-4 preserves the extraordinary antitumor capacity of its natural counterpart, paving the way to a promising next generation of viral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana Javaheri
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Yonina Bykov
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
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7
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Liu T, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Jiang S, Sun R, Yin J, Gao Z, Ren G, Wang Z, Yu Q, Sui G, Sun X, Sun W, Xiao W, Li D. Optimization of oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus Clone30 by selecting sensitive tumor host and constructing more oncolytic viruses. Gene Ther 2021; 28:697-717. [PMID: 32409746 PMCID: PMC8674137 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) depends on the following two aspects: the susceptibility of cancer cells to virus infection and the ability of virus itself to lyse cancer cells. First, we investigate the susceptibility of cancer cells to NDV infection, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible, A549, MCF7, and LoVo cells were less susceptible. To investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for cancer cell susceptibility, transcriptome sequencing was carried out. We found that the levels of alpha-sialic acid acyltransferase were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF7 cells, and the interferon was downregulated. Second, to optimize the oncolytic capacity of the wild-type rClone30, a series of chimeric viruses rClone30-Anh(HN), rClone30-Anh(F), and rClone30-Anh(HN-F) were constructed by exchanging the HN gene, F gene or both of non-lytic rClone30 strain with lytic strain Anhinga. rClone30-Anh(F) and rClone30-Anh(HN-F) enhanced the oncolytic effect of the rClone30, and this enhancement is more obvious in the susceptible cells. The oncolytic mechanism of rClone30-Anh(F) was analyzed by transcriptome analyses, in comparison with rClone30, rClone30-Anh(F) upregulated the expression of ATG5, Beclin 1, and MAP1LC3B, thus activating autophagy and promoting the production of syncytia. In conclusion, our study provides a strategy to enhance the oncolytic effect of rClone30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yukai Cao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiechao Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhenqiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Guiping Ren
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Mozaffari Nejad AS, Fotouhi F, Mehrbod P, Alikhani MY. Antitumor immunity enhancement through Newcastle viral oncolysate in mice model: A promising method to treat tumors. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5833-5840. [PMID: 34588898 PMCID: PMC8459063 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) oncolysate has been established as a unique and effective immune-stimulatory root for tumor treatment. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of intratumoral administration of NDV oncolysate on immune response and tumor regression of C57BL/6 mouse model of human papillomavirus (HPV) related transplanted with TC-1 syngeneic cancer cells. To further investigate the mechanism underlying the antitumor response, cytolytic and lymphocyte proliferation responses in splenocytes were measured using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT assays, respectively. In this regard, levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were measured using ELISA after re-stimulation. The immune responses efficacy was evaluated by in vivo tumor regression assay. The results showed that immunization with the different titers of NDV lysate significantly reduced tumor volume in comparison with a combination of virus lysate and tumor cell lysate. Also, virus lysate could significantly enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte production and lymphocyte proliferation rates versus tumor cell lysate. Also, our major findings are that the peritumorally injection of NDV oncolysate effectively induces antitumor immune responses through increased levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, and reduction of IL-10. These results indicate that this treatment is a specific, active immune mechanism stimulator, and may prove to be a useful therapeutic for a treatment against cervical cancers and merits further investigation.
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Key Words
- DAMP, Danger-associated molecular pattern
- ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FDA, Food and drug administration
- HB1, Hitchner B1
- HPV, Human papillomavirus
- Human papillomavirus
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- MOI, Multiplicity of infection
- NDV, Newcastle disease virus
- Newcastle disease virus
- OVs, Oncolytic viruses
- Oncolysate
- Oncolytic
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- RPMI, Roswell park memorial institute
- T-Vec, Talimogene laherparepvec
- Tumor microenvironment
- UVB, Ultraviolet B
- VO, Viral oncolysate
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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9
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Stavrakaki E, Dirven CMF, Lamfers MLM. Personalizing Oncolytic Virotherapy for Glioblastoma: In Search of Biomarkers for Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040614. [PMID: 33557101 PMCID: PMC7913874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite multimodal treatment, the prognosis of GBM patients remains very poor. Oncolytic virotherapy is being evaluated as novel treatment for this patient group and clinical trials testing oncolytic viruses have shown impressive responses, albeit in a small subset of GBM patients. Obtaining insight into specific tumor- or patient-related characteristics of the responding patients, may in the future improve response rates. In this review we discuss factors related to oncolytic activity of the most widely applied oncolytic virus strains as well as potential biomarkers and future assays that may allow us to predict response to these agents. Such biomarkers and tools may in the future enable personalizing oncolytic virotherapy for GBM patients. Abstract Oncolytic virus (OV) treatment may offer a new treatment option for the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma. Clinical trials testing oncolytic viruses in this patient group have shown promising results, with patients achieving impressive long-term clinical responses. However, the number of responders to each OV remains low. This is thought to arise from the large heterogeneity of these tumors, both in terms of molecular make-up and their immune-suppressive microenvironment, leading to variability in responses. An approach that may improve response rates is the personalized utilization of oncolytic viruses against Glioblastoma (GBM), based on specific tumor- or patient-related characteristics. In this review, we discuss potential biomarkers for response to different OVs as well as emerging ex vivo assays that in the future may enable selection of optimal OV for a specific patient and design of stratified clinical OV trials for GBM.
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Cuoco JA, Rogers CM, Mittal S. The oncolytic Newcastle disease virus as an effective immunotherapeutic strategy against glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E8. [PMID: 33524945 DOI: 10.3171/2020.11.focus20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive resection, chemotherapeutics, and radiotherapy. Although understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma has progressed in recent years, therapeutic options have failed to significantly change overall survival or progression-free survival. Thus, researchers have begun to explore immunomodulation as a potential strategy to improve clinical outcomes. The application of oncolytic virotherapy as a novel biological to target pathogenic signaling in glioblastoma has brought new hope to the field of neuro-oncology. This class of immunotherapeutics combines selective cancer cell lysis prompted by virus induction while promoting a strong inflammatory antitumor response, thereby acting as an effective in situ tumor vaccine. Several investigators have reported the efficacy of experimental oncolytic viruses as demonstrated by improved long-term survival in cancer patients with advanced disease. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most well-researched oncolytic viruses known to affect a multitude of human cancers, including glioblastoma. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human clinical trials have demonstrated that NDV exhibits oncolytic activity against glioblastoma, providing a promising avenue of potential treatment. Herein, the authors provide a detailed discussion on NDV as a mode of therapy for glioblastoma. They discuss the potential therapeutic pathways associated with NDV as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as results from human trials. Moreover, they discuss current challenges, potential solutions, and future perspectives in utilizing NDV in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Cuoco
- 1Carilion Clinic Neurosurgery, Roanoke.,2Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke.,3School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; and
| | - Cara M Rogers
- 1Carilion Clinic Neurosurgery, Roanoke.,2Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke.,3School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; and
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- 1Carilion Clinic Neurosurgery, Roanoke.,2Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke.,3School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; and.,4Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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11
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Combining vanadyl sulfate with Newcastle disease virus potentiates rapid innate immune-mediated regression with curative potential in murine cancer models. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:306-324. [PMID: 33614913 PMCID: PMC7868934 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The avian paramyxovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a promising oncolytic agent that has been shown to be safe and effective in a variety of pre-clinical cancer models and human clinical trials. NDV preferentially replicates in tumor cells due to signaling defects in apoptotic and antiviral pathways acquired during the transformation process and is a potent immunostimulatory agent. However, when used as a monotherapy NDV lacks the ability to consistently generate durable remissions. Here we investigate the use of viral sensitizer-mediated combination therapy to enhance the anti-neoplastic efficacy of NDV. Intratumoral injection of vanadyl sulfate, a pan-inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, in combination with NDV significantly increased the number and activation status of natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment, concomitant with increased expression of interferon-β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leading to rapid tumor regression and long-term cures in mice bearing syngeneic B16-F10 melanomas. The anti-tumor efficacy of this combination therapy was abrogated when NK cells were depleted and when interferon-β expression was transiently suppressed. Tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses were not detected, nor were mice whose tumors regressed protected from re-challenge. This suggested efficacy of the combination therapy predominantly relied on the innate immune system. Importantly, efficacy was not limited to melanoma; it was also demonstrated in a murine prostate cancer model. Taken together, these results suggest that combining NDV with vanadyl sulfate potentiates an innate immune response that can potentiate rapid clearance of tumors, with type I interferon signaling and NK cells being important mechanisms of action.
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12
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Zhang S, Rabkin SD. The discovery and development of oncolytic viruses: are they the future of cancer immunotherapy? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:391-410. [PMID: 33232188 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1850689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite diverse treatment modalities and novel therapies, many cancers and patients are not effectively treated. Cancer immunotherapy has recently achieved breakthrough status yet is not effective in all cancer types or patients and can generate serious adverse effects. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising new therapeutic modality that harnesses virus biology and host interactions to treat cancer. OVs, genetically engineered or natural, preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells, sparing normal cells/tissues, and mediating anti-tumor immunity.Areas covered: This review focuses on OVs as cancer therapeutic agents from a historical perspective, especially strategies to boost their immunotherapeutic activities. OVs offer a multifaceted platform, whose activities are modulated based on the parental virus and genetic alterations. In addition to direct viral effects, many OVs can be armed with therapeutic transgenes to also act as gene therapy vectors, and/or combined with other drugs or therapies.Expert opinion: OVs are an amazingly versatile and malleable class of cancer therapies. They tend to target cellular and host physiology as opposed to specific genetic alterations, which potentially enables broad responsiveness. The biological complexity of OVs have hindered their translation; however, the recent approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) has invigorated the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchuan Zhang
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Burman B, Pesci G, Zamarin D. Newcastle Disease Virus at the Forefront of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123552. [PMID: 33260685 PMCID: PMC7761210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies dating back to the 1950s have demonstrated that Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has oncolytic properties and can potently stimulate antitumor immune responses. NDV selectively infects, replicates within, and lyses cancer cells by exploiting defective antiviral defenses in cancer cells. Inflammation within the tumor microenvironment in response to NDV leads to the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune effector cells, presentation of tumor antigens, and induction of immune checkpoints. In animal models, intratumoral injection of NDV results in T cell infiltration of both local and distant non-injected tumors, demonstrating the potential of NDV to activate systemic adaptive antitumor immunity. The combination of intratumoral NDV with systemic immune checkpoint blockade leads to regression of both injected and distant tumors, an effect further potentiated by introduction of immunomodulatory transgenes into the viral genome. Clinical trials with naturally occurring NDV administered intravenously demonstrated durable responses across numerous cancer types. Based on these studies, further exploration of NDV is warranted, and clinical studies using recombinant NDV in combination with immune checkpoint blockade have been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Burman
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (B.B.); (G.P.)
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giulio Pesci
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (B.B.); (G.P.)
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (B.B.); (G.P.)
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Oncolytic Activity in Human Glioma Tumors Is Dependent on CDKN2A-Type I IFN Gene Cluster Codeletion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061405. [PMID: 32516884 PMCID: PMC7349162 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumor in adults with a median overall survival of 15 months. Tumor recurrence and poor prognosis are related to cancer stem cells (CSCs), which drive resistance to therapies. A common characteristic in GBM is CDKN2A gene loss, located close to the cluster of type I IFN genes at Ch9p21. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus with oncolytic and immunostimulatory properties that has been proposed for the treatment of GBM. We have analyzed the CDKN2A-IFN I gene cluster in 1018 glioma tumors and evaluated the NDV oncolytic effect in six GBM CSCs ex vivo and in a mouse model. Our results indicate that more than 50% of GBM patients have some IFN deletion. Moreover, GBM susceptibility to NDV is dependent on the loss of the type I IFN. Infection of GBM with an NDV-expressing influenza virus NS1 protein can overcome the resistance to oncolysis by NDV of type I-competent cells. These results highlight the potential of using NDV vectors in antitumor therapies.
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15
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Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Jibril AH, Peeters BPH, Omar AR. Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040451. [PMID: 32316317 PMCID: PMC7232247 DOI: 10.3390/v12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
| | - Ben P. H. Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, POB 65, NL8200 Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+603-89472111
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16
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Mondal M, Guo J, He P, Zhou D. Recent advances of oncolytic virus in cancer therapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2389-2402. [PMID: 32078405 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1723363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have been taking the front stage in biological therapy for cancer recently. The first and most potent virus to be used in oncolytic virotherapy is human adenovirus. Recently, ongoing extensive research has suggested that other viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV) and measles virus can also be considered as potential candidates in cancer therapy. An HSV-based oncolytic virus, T-VEC, has completed phase Ш clinical trial and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in biological cancer therapy. Moreover, the vaccine strain of the measles virus has shown impressive results in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Considering their therapeutic efficacy, safety, and reduced side effects, the use of such engineered viruses in biological cancer therapy has the potential to establish a milestone in cancer research. In this review, we summarize the recent clinical advances in the use of oncolytic viruses in biological therapy for cancer. Additionally, this review evaluates the potential viral candidates for their benefits and shortcomings and sheds light on the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Mondal
- Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China.,Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Jingao Guo
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Ping He
- Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
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17
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Vijayakumar G, Zamarin D. Design and Production of Newcastle Disease Virus for Intratumoral Immunomodulation. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2058:133-154. [PMID: 31486036 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9794-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that has been extensively studied as an oncolytic agent, in addition to being an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry. The establishment of a reverse genetics system for this virus has enabled the development of genetically modified recombinant NDV viruses with improved oncolytic and immunotherapeutic properties. In this chapter, we describe the materials and methods involved in the in vitro cloning and rescue of NDV expressing murine 4-1BBL as well as the in vivo evaluation of NDV expressing 4-1BBL in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Vijayakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy uses replication-competent virus as a means of treating cancer. Whereas this field has shown great promise as a viable treatment method, the limited spread of these viruses throughout the tumor microenvironment remains a major challenge. To overcome this issue, researchers have begun looking at syncytia formation as a novel method of increasing viral spread. Several naturally occurring fusogenic viruses have been shown to possess strong oncolytic potential and have since been studied to gain insight into how this process benefits oncolytic virotherapy. Whereas these naturally fusogenic viruses have been beneficial, there are still challenges associated with their regular use. Because of this, engineered/recombinant fusogenic viruses have also been created that enhance nonfusogenic oncolytic viruses with the beneficial property of syncytia formation. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing body of literature on syncytia formation in oncolytics and offer direction for potential future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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19
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Vijayakumar G, Palese P, Goff PH. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus expressing a checkpoint inhibitor as a radioenhancing agent for murine melanoma. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:96-105. [PMID: 31676387 PMCID: PMC6945240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting negative regulators, or checkpoint molecules (e.g. PD1/PD-L1 & CTLA4), of anti-tumoural T cells have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating several neoplastic diseases. While many patients enjoy remarkable responses to checkpoint inhibitors, a majority show adverse effects. Understanding how checkpoint inhibitors may augment established chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens or other immunotherapies like oncolytic viruses may lead to better clinical outcomes measured by improved efficacy with reduced toxicity. Here, we assess how Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an oncolytic virus in clinical testing, may interact with radiotherapy to enhance checkpoint inhibitor blockade. METHODS An immunocompetent B16-F10 murine melanoma model, generally considered to be a poorly immunogenic or "cold" tumour, was utilised to query whether combining localised radiotherapy with NDV may be more effective than either therapy alone in controlling tumours in mice treated with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies. We also investigated whether localised administration of a checkpoint inhibitor through an intratumoural injection of NDV that expresses anti-CTLA4 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is comparable to systemic administration of anti-CTLA4 when combined with radiation in mediating its anti-tumour efficacy. Response rates were characterised by measuring tumour size over time, observation of complete tumour regression, and overall survival. FINDINGS Our results show that combining NDV plus radiotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (PD1 or CTLA4 targeted mAbs) results in significantly better complete tumour regression rates with an abscopal effect in a murine model of melanoma than either single therapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we also show that localised administration of a recombinant NDV expressing anti-CTLA4 plus radiation is comparable to systemic anti-CTLA4 plus radiation in mediating its anti-tumour effect as assayed by survival benefit. INTERPRETATION Our results show that oncolytic NDV plus radiotherapy work together with checkpoint inhibitors to enhance tumour clearance of murine melanoma. NDV is an effective radiotherapy dose-sparing and immunotherapeutic agent capable of transgenic, in vivo expression of an anti-CTLA4 targeted scFv antibody with the potential to spare systemic exposure. FUNDING The National Institutes of Health grant HHSN272201400008C supported the work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Vijayakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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20
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Mohamed Amin Z, Che Ani MA, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Alitheen NB, Syed Najmuddin SUF, Kalyanasundram J, Chan SC, Veerakumarasivam A, Chia SL, Yusoff K. Evaluation of a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Human IL12 against Human Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13999. [PMID: 31570732 PMCID: PMC6768883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AF2240 is an avian avulavirus that has been demonstrated to possess oncolytic activity against cancer cells. However, to illicit a greater anti-cancer immune response, it is believed that the incorporation of immunostimulatory genes such as IL12 into a recombinant NDV backbone will enhance its oncolytic effect. In this study, a newly developed recombinant NDV that expresses IL12 (rAF-IL12) was tested for its safety, stability and cytotoxicity. The stability of rAF-IL12 was maintained when passaged in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs from passage 1 to passage 10; with an HA titer of 29. Based on the results obtained from the MTT cytotoxic assay, rAF-IL12 was determined to be safe as it only induced cytotoxic effects against normal chicken cell lines and human breast cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Significant tumor growth inhibition (52%) was observed in the rAF-IL12-treated mice. The in vivo safety profile of rAF-IL12 was confirmed through histological observation and viral load titer assay. The concentration and presence of the expressed IL12 was quantified and verified via ELISA assay. In summary, rAF-IL12 was proven to be safe, selectively replicating in chicken and cancer cells and was able to maintain its stability throughout several passages; thus enhancing its potential as an anti-breast cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Alhapis Che Ani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Soon Choy Chan
- School of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, Block B and D1, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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21
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Mohebbi A, Ebrahimzadeh MS, Baghban Rahimi S, Saeidi M, Tabarraei A, Mohebbi SR, Shirian S, Gorji A, Ghaemi A. Non-replicating Newcastle Disease Virus as an adjuvant for DNA vaccine enhances antitumor efficacy through the induction of TRAIL and granzyme B expression. Virus Res 2018; 261:72-80. [PMID: 30599161 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of non-replicating Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as an adjuvant for DNA vaccination remains to be elucidated. To assess the therapeutic effects of DNA vaccine (HPV-16 E7 gene) adjuvanted with NDV, female C57/BL6 mice were inoculated with murine TC-1 cells of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinoma, expressing human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 antigens, and immunized with DNA vaccine alone or pretreated with NDV. One week after third immunization, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), splenocyte proliferation, cytokine balance (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 secretions) and intratumoral expression of cytotoxicity related proteins in tumor lysates were investigated. The results showed that treatment with non-replicating NDV prior to DNA vaccine induced tumor-specific cytolytic and splenocyte proliferation responses. The levels of cytokines IL-12, IL-4 and IFN-γ after treating with combined E7-DNA -non-replicating NDV (NDV-DNA Vaccine) were significantly higher than those of control groups. The intratumoral granzyme B and Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis was also significantly increased. Tumor therapeutic experiments showed that the NDV pretreatment could reduce the tumor progression of established E7-expressing TC-tumors. Taken together these data suggest that the significant antitumor responses evidenced during treatment with non-replicating NDV prior to DNA vaccine are due, in part, to strong E7-induced cellular immunity and enhanced expression of cytotoxicity related proteins in the tumor microenvironment. These observations indicated the potential of non-replicating NDV as an adjuvant for enhancing therapeutic DNA vaccines -induced immunity and antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohebbi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Baghban Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 27a, 48149, Münster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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22
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Jiang K, Song C, Kong L, Hu L, Lin G, Ye T, Yao G, Wang Y, Chen H, Cheng W, Barr MP, Liu Q, Zhang G, Ding C, Meng S. Recombinant oncolytic Newcastle disease virus displays antitumor activities in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:746. [PMID: 30021550 PMCID: PMC6052588 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive of all solid tumors for which no effective therapies are currently available. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown the potential to induce oncolytic cell death in a variety of cancer cells of diverse origins. However, whether oncolytic NDV displays antitumor effects in ATC remains to be investigated. We have previously shown that the oncolytic NDV strain FMW (NDV/FMW) induces oncolytic cell death in several cancer types. In the present study, we investigated the oncolytic effects of NDV/FMW in ATC. Methods In this study, a recombinant NDV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated using an NDV reverse genetics system. The resulting virus was named after rFMW/GFP and the GFP expression in infected cells was demonstrated by direct fluorescence and immunoblotting. Viral replication was evaluated by end-point dilution assay in DF-1 cell lines. Oncolytic effects were examined by biochemical and morphological experiments in cultural ATC cells and in mouse models. Results rFMW/GFP replicated robustly in ATC cells as did its parent virus (NDV/FMW) while the expression of GFP protein was detected in lungs and spleen of mice intravenously injected with rFMW/GFP. We further showed that rFMW/GFP infection substantially increased early and late apoptosis in the ATC cell lines, THJ-16 T and THJ-29 T and increased caspase-3 processing and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in ATC cells as assessed by immunoblotting. In addition, rFMW/GFP induced lyses of spheroids derived from ATC cells in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. We further demonstrated that rFMW/GFP infection resulted in the activation of p38 MAPK signaling, but not Erk1/2 or JNK, in THJ-16 T and THJ-29 T cells. Notably, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity by SB203580 decreased rFMW/GFP-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in THJ-16 T and THJ-29 T cells. Finally, both rFMW/GFP and its parent virus inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing THJ-16 T derived tumors. Conclusion Taken together, these data indicate that both the recombinant reporter virus rFMW/GFP and its parent virus NDV/FMW, display oncolytic activities in ATC cells in vitro and in vivo and suggest that oncolytic NDV may have potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for ATC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4522-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guibin Lin
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, 516002, China
| | - Tian Ye
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China.
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23
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Fusogenic Viruses in Oncolytic Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070216. [PMID: 29949934 PMCID: PMC6070779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are under intense development and have earned their place among the novel class of cancer immunotherapeutics that are changing the face of cancer therapy. Their ability to specifically infect and efficiently kill tumor cells, while breaking immune tolerance and mediating immune responses directed against the tumor, make oncolytic viruses highly attractive candidates for immunotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that a subclass of oncolytic viruses, which encodes for fusion proteins, could outperform non-fusogenic viruses, both in their direct oncolytic potential, as well as their immune-stimulatory properties. Tumor cell infection with these viruses leads to characteristic syncytia formation and cell death due to fusion, as infected cells become fused with neighboring cells, which promotes intratumoral spread of the infection and releases additional immunogenic signals. In this review, we discuss the potential of fusogenic oncolytic viruses as optimal candidates to enhance immunotherapy and initiate broad antitumor responses. We provide an overview of the cytopathic mechanism of syncytia formation through viral-mediated expression of fusion proteins, either endogenous or engineered, and their benefits for cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that fusogenicity could be an important feature to consider in the design of optimal oncolytic virus platforms for combinatorial oncolytic immunotherapy.
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24
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Oseledchyk A, Ricca JM, Gigoux M, Ko B, Redelman-Sidi G, Walther T, Liu C, Iyer G, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Zamarin D. Lysis-independent potentiation of immune checkpoint blockade by oncolytic virus. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28702-28716. [PMID: 29983890 PMCID: PMC6033351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral therapy with oncolytic viruses is increasingly being explored as a strategy to potentiate an immune response against cancer, but it remains unknown whether such therapy should be restricted to cancers sensitive to virus-mediated lysis. Using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as a model, we explore immunogenic potential of an oncolytic virus in bladder cancer, where existing immunotherapy with PD-1 and PD-L1-targeting antibodies to date has shown suboptimal response rates. Infection of human and mouse bladder cancer cells with NDV resulted in immunogenic cell death, activation of innate immune pathways, and upregulation of MHC and PD-L1 in all tested cell lines, including the cell lines completely resistant to NDV-mediated lysis. In a bilateral flank NDV-lysis-resistant syngeneic murine bladder cancer model, intratumoral therapy with NDV led to an increase of immune infiltration in both treated and distant tumors and a shift from an inhibitory to effector T cell phenotype. Consequently, combination of intratumoral NDV with systemic PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade led to improved local and abscopal tumor control and overall survival. These findings encourage future clinical trials combining intratumoral NDV therapy with systemic immunomodulatory agents and underscore the rationale for such treatments irrespective of tumor cell sensitivity to NDV-mediated lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Oseledchyk
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob M Ricca
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Gigoux
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Ko
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Walther
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Matveeva OV, Kochneva GV, Zainutdinov SS, Ilyinskaya GV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Paramyxoviruses: Mechanism of Action, Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331803010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Oncolytic effect of wild-type Newcastle disease virus isolates in cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo on xenograft model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195425. [PMID: 29621357 PMCID: PMC5886573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolyic virotherapy is one of the modern experimental techniques to treat human cancers. Here we studied the antitumor activity of wild-type Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from Russian migratory birds. We showed that NDV could selectively kill malignant cells without affecting healthy cells. We evaluated the oncolytic effect of 44 NDV isolates in 4 histogenetically different human cell lines (HCT116, HeLa, A549, MCF7). The safety of the isolates was also tested in normal peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells. The viability of tumor cell lines after incubation with NDV isolates was evaluated by MTT. All cell lines, except for normal PBMC primary cells, had different degrees of susceptibility to NDV infection. Seven NDV strains had the highest oncolytic activity, and some NDV strains demonstrated oncolytic selectivity for different cell lines. In vivo, we described the intratumoral activity of NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011 against subcutaneous non-small cell lung carcinoma using xenograft SCID mice model. All animals were responsive to therapy. Histology confirmed therapy-induced destructive changes and growing necrotic bulk density in tumor tissue. Our findings indicate that wild-type NDV strains selectively kill tumor cells with no effect on healthy PBMC cells, and intratumoral virotherapy with NDV suppresses the subcutaneous tumor growth in SCID mice.
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27
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Ricca JM, Oseledchyk A, Walther T, Liu C, Mangarin L, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Zamarin D. Pre-existing Immunity to Oncolytic Virus Potentiates Its Immunotherapeutic Efficacy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1008-1019. [PMID: 29478729 PMCID: PMC6079372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral immunity presents a major hurdle for systemically administered oncolytic viruses (OV). Intratumoral OV therapy has a potential to overcome this problem through activation of anti-tumor immune response, with local and abscopal effects. However, the effects of anti-viral immunity in such a setting are still not well defined. Using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as a model, we explore the effects of pre-existing anti-viral immunity on therapeutic efficacy in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Unexpectedly, we find that while pre-existing immunity to NDV limits its replication in tumors, tumor clearance, abscopal anti-tumor immune effects, and survival are not compromised and, on the contrary, are superior in NDV-immunized mice. These findings demonstrate that pre-existing immunity to NDV may increase its therapeutic efficacy through potentiation of systemic anti-tumor immunity, which provides clinical rationale for repeated therapeutic dosing and prompts investigation of such effects with other OVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Ricca
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anton Oseledchyk
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tyler Walther
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Levi Mangarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Swim Across America-Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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28
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Sahu SK, Kumar M. Application of Oncolytic Virus as a Therapy of Cancer. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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29
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Santry LA, McAusland TM, Susta L, Wood GA, Major PP, Petrik JJ, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Production and Purification of High-Titer Newcastle Disease Virus for Use in Preclinical Mouse Models of Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 9:181-191. [PMID: 29556508 PMCID: PMC5854916 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Although primarily an avian pathogen, NDV is a potent oncolytic virus that has been shown to be safe and effective in a variety of preclinical cancer models and human clinical trials. To produce virus for oncolytic trials, NDV is commonly amplified in embryonated chicken eggs and purified from the allantoic fluid. Conventional methods for purifying virus from allantoic fluid often result in relatively low-titer preparations containing high levels of impurities, including immunogenic chicken host cell proteins from allantoic fluid. However, large quantities of virus need to be delivered intravenously to administer oncolytic NDV systemically to mice. This route of administration requires virus preparations that are both highly concentrated (to enable delivery of small volumes) and highly pure (to limit toxic effects from contaminants). Given the accumulation of promising preclinical and clinical data demonstrating the efficacy of NDV as an oncolytic agent, strategies for increasing the titer and purity of NDV preparations are sorely needed to allow for effective intravenous administration in mice. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for the rescue, production, and purification of high-titer in vivo-grade NDV for preclinical studies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas M McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pierre P Major
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Jim J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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30
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Schwaiger T, Knittler MR, Grund C, Roemer-Oberdoerfer A, Kapp JF, Lerch MM, Mettenleiter TC, Mayerle J, Blohm U. Newcastle disease virus mediates pancreatic tumor rejection via NK cell activation and prevents cancer relapse by prompting adaptive immunity. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2505-2516. [PMID: 28857157 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the 8th most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the tumor with the poorest prognosis of all solid malignancies. In 1957, it was discovered that Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has oncolytic properties on tumor cells. To study the oncolytic properties of NDV in pancreatic cancer a single dose was administered intravenously in a syngeneic orthotopic tumor model using two different murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (DT6606PDA, Panc02). Tumor growth was monitored and immune response was analyzed. A single treatment with NDV inhibited DT6606PDA tumor growth in mice and prevented recurrence for a period of three months. Tumor infiltration and systemic activation of NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T-cells was enhanced. NDV-induced melting of Panc02 tumors until d7 pi, but they recurred displaying unrestricted tumor growth, low immunogenicity and inhibition of tumor-specific immune response. Arrest of DT6606PDA tumor growth and rejection was mediated by activation of NK cells and a specific antitumor immune response via T-cells. Panc02 tumors rapidly decreased until d7 pi, but henceforth tumors characterized by the ability to perform immune-regulatory functions reappeared. Our results demonstrated that NDV-activated immune cells are able to reject tumors provided that an adaptive antitumor immune response can be initiated. However, activated NK cells that are abundant in Panc02 tumors lead to outgrowth of nonimmunogenic tumor cells with inhibitory properties. Our study emphasizes the importance of an adaptive immune response, which is initiated by NDV to mediate long-term tumor surveillance in addition to direct oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schwaiger
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael R Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Roemer-Oberdoerfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der LMU München-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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31
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Ginting TE, Suryatenggara J, Christian S, Mathew G. Proinflammatory response induced by Newcastle disease virus in tumor and normal cells. Oncolytic Virother 2017; 6:21-30. [PMID: 28293547 PMCID: PMC5345992 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the specific role of immune responses induced by lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for its antitumor effect. Materials and methods NDV LaSota strain was used to infect the following human cells: non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549), glioblastoma (U87MG and T98G), mammary gland adenocarcinoma (MCF7 and MDA-MB-453), hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7), transformed embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), primary monocytes, lung fibroblast (HF19), skin fibroblast (NB1RGB) and rat astroglia (RCR-1) at 0.001 multiplicity of infection. NDV-induced cytotoxicity and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results Tumor cells (A549, U87MG, T98G, Huh7, MDA-MB-453, and MCF7) showed viability of <44%, while normal cell lines HEK293, NB1RGB, and RCR-1 showed 84%, 73%, and 69% viability at 72 hours postinfection, respectively. Proinflammatory cytokine profiling showed that NDV mainly induced the secretion of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, and IFN-λ in tumor cells and only IFN-λ in normal cells. In addition, NDV infection induced the production of interleukin (IL)-6 in most cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest a new perspective regarding the role of IFN-λ and IL-6 in the mechanism of tumor selectivity and oncolysis of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teridah Ernala Ginting
- Division of Immunology, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Jeremiah Suryatenggara
- Division of Immunology, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Salomo Christian
- Division of Immunology, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - George Mathew
- Division of Immunology, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
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32
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Ahmad Z, Kratzke RA. Novel oncolytic viral therapies in patients with thoracic malignancies. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 6:1-9. [PMID: 28053943 PMCID: PMC5189707 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is the use of replication-competent viruses to treat malignancies. The potential of oncolytic virotherapy as an approach to cancer therapy is based on historical evidence that certain viral infections can cause spontaneous remission of both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. Oncolytic virotherapy may eliminate cancer cells through either direct oncolysis of infected tumor cells or indirect immune-mediated oncolysis of uninfected tumor cells. Recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy include the development of a wide variety of genetically attenuated RNA viruses with precise cellular tropism and the identification of cell-surface receptors that facilitate viral transfer to the tissue of interest. Current research is also focused on targeting metastatic disease by sustaining the release of progeny viruses from infected tumor cells and understanding indirect tumor cell killing through immune-mediated mechanisms of virotherapy. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate recent evidence on the clinical development of tissue-specific viruses capable of targeting tumor cells and eliciting secondary immune responses in lung cancers and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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33
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Buijs PRA, Verhagen JHE, van Eijck CHJ, van den Hoogen BG. Oncolytic viruses: From bench to bedside with a focus on safety. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1573-84. [PMID: 25996182 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1037058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are a relatively new class of anti-cancer immunotherapy agents. Several viruses have undergone evaluation in clinical trials in the last decades, and the first agent is about to be approved to be used as a novel cancer therapy modality. In the current review, an overview is presented on recent (pre)clinical developments in the field of oncolytic viruses that have previously been or currently are being evaluated in clinical trials. Special attention is given to possible safety issues like toxicity, environmental shedding, mutation and reversion to wildtype virus.
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Key Words
- CAR, Coxsackie Adenovirus receptor
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CVA, Coxsackievirus type A
- DAF, decay accelerating factor
- DNA, DNA
- EEV, extracellular enveloped virus
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGF-R, EGF receptor
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA, hemagglutinin
- HAdV, Human (mast)adenovirus
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IFN, interferon
- IRES, internal ribosome entry site
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- Kb, kilobase pairs
- MeV, Measles virus
- MuLV, Murine leukemia virus
- NDV, Newcastle disease virus
- NIS, sodium/iodide symporter
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- OV, oncolytic virus
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PKR, protein kinase R
- PV, Polio virus
- RCR, replication competent retrovirus
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- RGD, arginylglycylaspartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp)
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Rb, retinoblastoma
- SVV, Seneca Valley virus
- TGFα, transforming growth factor α
- VGF, Vaccinia growth factor
- VSV, Vesicular stomatitis virus
- VV, Vaccinia virus
- cancer
- crHAdV, conditionally replicating HAdV
- dsDNA, double stranded DNA
- dsRNA, double stranded RNA
- environment
- hIFNβ, human IFN β
- immunotherapy
- mORV, Mammalian orthoreovirus
- mORV-T3D, mORV type 3 Dearing
- oHSV, oncolytic HSV
- oncolytic virotherapy
- oncolytic virus
- rdHAdV, replication-deficient HAdV
- review
- safety
- shedding
- ssRNA, single stranded RNA
- tk, thymidine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal R A Buijs
- a Department of Surgery; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center ; Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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Pourchet A, Fuhrmann SR, Pilones KA, Demaria S, Frey AB, Mulvey M, Mohr I. CD8(+) T-cell Immune Evasion Enables Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 2016; 5:59-67. [PMID: 27077112 PMCID: PMC4816761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although counteracting innate defenses allows oncolytic viruses (OVs) to better replicate and spread within tumors, CD8(+) T-cells restrict their capacity to trigger systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) evades CD8(+) T-cells by producing ICP47, which limits immune recognition of infected cells by inhibiting the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Surprisingly, removing ICP47 was assumed to benefit OV immuno-therapy, but the impact of inhibiting TAP remains unknown because human HSV-1 ICP47 is not effective in rodents. Here, we engineer an HSV-1 OV to produce bovine herpesvirus UL49.5, which unlike ICP47, antagonizes rodent and human TAP. Significantly, UL49.5-expressing OVs showed superior efficacy treating bladder and breast cancer in murine models that was dependent upon CD8(+) T-cells. Besides injected subcutaneous tumors, UL49.5-OV reduced untreated, contralateral tumor size and metastases. These findings establish TAP inhibitor-armed OVs that evade CD8(+) T-cells as an immunotherapy strategy to elicit potent local and systemic anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pourchet
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Karsten A. Pilones
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan B. Frey
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang M, Ge J, Li X, Chen W, Wang X, Wen Z, Bu Z. Protective efficacy of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus in mice. Virol J 2016; 13:31. [PMID: 26911572 PMCID: PMC4765107 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) causes severe losses to the animal husbandry industry. In this study, a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the glycoprotein (G) of VSV (rL-VSV-G) was constructed and its pathogenicity and immune protective efficacy in mouse were evaluated. RESULTS In pathogenicity evaluation test, the analysis of the viral distribution in mouse organs and body weight change showed that rL-VSV-G was safe in mice. In immune protection assay, the recombinant rL-VSV-G triggered a high titer of neutralizing antibodies against VSV. After challenge, the wild-type (wt) VSV viral load in mouse organs was lower in rL-VSV-G group than that in rLaSota groups. wt VSV was not detected in the blood, liver, or kidneys of mice, whereas it was found in these tissues in control groups. The mice body weight had no significant change after challenge in the rL-VSV-G group. Additionally, suckling mice produced from female mice immunized with rL-VSV-G were partially protected from wt VSV challenge. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that rL-VSV-G may be a suitable candidate vaccine against vesicular stomatitis (VS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Tsun A, Miao XN, Wang CM, Yu DC. Oncolytic Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 909:241-83. [PMID: 27240460 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7555-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy entails the treatment of disease by modulation of the immune system. As detailed in the previous chapters, the different modes of achieving immune modulation are many, including the use of small/large molecules, cellular therapy, and radiation. Oncolytic viruses that can specifically attack, replicate within, and destroy tumors represent one of the most promising classes of agents for cancer immunotherapy (recently termed as oncolytic immunotherapy). The notion of oncolytic immunotherapy is considered as the way in which virus-induced tumor cell death (known as immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD)) allows the immune system to recognize tumor cells and provide long-lasting antitumor immunity. Both immune responses toward the virus and ICD together contribute toward successful antitumor efficacy. What is now becoming increasingly clear is that monotherapies, through any of the modalities detailed in this book, are neither sufficient in eradicating tumors nor in providing long-lasting antitumor immune responses and that combination therapies may deliver enhanced efficacy. After the rise of the genetic engineering era, it has been possible to engineer viruses to harbor combination-like characteristics to enhance their potency in cancer immunotherapy. This chapter provides a historical background on oncolytic virotherapy and its future application in cancer immunotherapy, especially as a combination therapy with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsun
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China
| | - X N Miao
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China
| | - C M Wang
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China
| | - D C Yu
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China.
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Meng G, Xia M, Wang D, Chen A, Wang Y, Wang H, Yu D, Wei J. Mitophagy promotes replication of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus by blocking intrinsic apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6365-74. [PMID: 25051374 PMCID: PMC4171636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis contributes to antitumor effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Autophagy is a protective response under cellular stress including viral infection. How autophagy interferes with oncolysis of NDV remains unclear. In this study, we found that NDV La Sota strain induced autophagy and preserved autophagic flux in non-small cell lung cancer cells. NDV-induced autophagy promoted viral replication by blocking cancer cells from caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, we found that NDV recruited SQSTM1-mediated mitophagy to control cytochrome c release, and thus blocked intrinsic pro-apoptotic signaling. Finally, we observed an enhanced oncolysis in NSCLC cells treated with NDV in the presence of an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Interestingly, a more profound antitumor effect could be achieved when administration of 3-MA was postponed to 24 h after NDV infection. Our findings unveil a novel way that NDV subverts mitophagy to favor its replication by blocking apoptosis, and provide rationale for systemic therapeutic cohort combining NDV with autophagy inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Diancheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongshan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Decai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University Hightech Institute at Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30019-5. [PMID: 26640815 PMCID: PMC4667943 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported. Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1 and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using paramyxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication. The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1–3 clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing panel of cancer-fighting approaches.
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Schirrmacher V. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus as a prospective anti-cancer therapy. A biologic agent with potential to break therapy resistance. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1757-71. [PMID: 26436571 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1088000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause cancer cell death. Most OVs in clinical studies are genetically engineered. In contrast, the avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a naturally oncolytic RNA virus. While anti-viral immunity is considered a major problem in achieving maximal tumor cell killing by OVs, this review discusses the importance of NDV immunogenic cell death (ICD) and how anti-viral immune responses can be integrated to induce maximal post-oncolytic T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Since replication of NDV is independent of host cell DNA replication (which is the target of many cytostatic drugs and radiotherapy) and because of other findings, oncolytic NDV is a candidate agent to break therapy resistance of tumor cells. AREAS COVERED Properties of this avian paramyxovirus are summarized with special emphasis to its anti-neoplastic and immune-stimulatory properties. The review then discusses prospective anti-cancer therapies, including treatments with NDV alone, and combinations with an autologous NDV-modified tumor cell vaccine or with a viral oncolysate pulsed dendritic cell vaccine. Various combinatorial approaches between these and with other modalities are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Post-oncolytic anti-tumor immunity based on ICD is in the expert's opinion of greater importance for long-term therapeutic effects than maximal tumor cell killing. Of the various combinatorial approaches discussed, the most promising and feasible for clinical practice appears to be the combination of systemic NDV pre-treatment with anti-tumor vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schirrmacher
- a Immunological and Oncological Center (IOZK), Tumor Immunology , Hohenstaufenring 30-32, D-50674 Köln, Cologne, Germany
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Matveeva OV, Guo ZS, Shabalina SA, Chumakov PM. Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficiency. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2015; 2:15011. [PMID: 26640816 PMCID: PMC4667958 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic paramyxoviruses include some strains of Measles, Mumps, Newcastle disease, and Sendai viruses. All these viruses are well equipped for promoting highly specific and efficient malignant cell death, which can be direct and/or immuno-mediated. A number of proteins that serve as natural receptors for oncolytic paramyxoviruses are frequently overexpressed in malignant cells. Therefore, the preferential interaction of paramyxoviruses with malignant cells rather than with normal cells is promoted. Due to specific genetic defects of cancer cells in the interferon (IFN) and apoptotic pathways, viral replication has the potential to be promoted specifically in tumors. Viral mediation of syncytium formation (a polykaryonic structure) promotes intratumoral paramyxo-virus replication and spreading, without exposure to host neutralizing antibodies. So, two related processes: efficient intratumoral infection spread as well as the consequent mass malignant cell death, both are enhanced. In general, the paramyxoviruses elicit strong anticancer innate and adaptive immune responses by triggering multiple danger signals. The paramyxoviruses are powerful inducers of IFN and other immuno-stimulating cytokines. These viruses efficiently promote anticancer activity of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Moreover, a neuraminidase (sialidase), a component of the viral envelope of Newcastle Disease, Mumps, and Sendai viruses, can cleave sialic acids on the surface of malignant cells thereby unmasking cancer antigens and exposing them to the immune system. These multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic paramyxovi-ruses and are responsible for encouraging results in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Matveeva
- Biopolymer Design LLC, Acton, Massachusetts, USA
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zong S Guo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana A Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Recombinant Immunomodulating Lentogenic or Mesogenic Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Viruses 2015; 7:2980-98. [PMID: 26110582 PMCID: PMC4488723 DOI: 10.3390/v7062756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) might be a promising new therapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We evaluated recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) expressing interferon (rNDV-hIFNβ-F0) or an IFN antagonistic protein (rNDV-NS1-F0), as well as rNDV with increased virulence (rNDV-F3aa) for oncolytic efficacy in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Expression of additional proteins did not hamper virus replication or cytotoxic effects on itself. However, expression of interferon, but not NS1, resulted in loss of multicycle replication. Conversely, increasing the virulence (rNDV-F3aa) resulted in enhanced replication of the virus. Type I interferon was produced in high amounts by all tumor cells inoculated with rNDV-hIFNβ-F0, while inoculation with rNDV-NS1-F0 resulted in a complete block of interferon production in most cells. Inoculation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with rNDV-F3aa caused markedly more cytotoxicity compared to rNDV-F0, while inoculation with rNDV-hIFNβ-F0 and rNDV-NS1-F0 induced cytotoxic effects comparable to those induced by the parental rNDV-F0. Evaluation in vivo using mice bearing subcutaneous pancreatic cancer xenografts revealed that only intratumoral injection with rNDV-F3aa resulted in regression of tumors. We conclude that although lentogenic rNDVs harboring proteins that modulate the type I interferon pathway proteins do have an oncolytic effect, a more virulent mesogenic rNDV might be needed to improve oncolytic efficacy.
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Gogoi P, Ganar K, Kumar S. Avian Paramyxovirus: A Brief Review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:53-67. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gogoi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - K. Ganar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - S. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
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Bai FL, Tian H, Yu QZ, Ren GP, Li DS. Expressing foreign genes by Newcastle disease virus for cancer therapy. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tayeb S, Zakay-Rones Z, Panet A. Therapeutic potential of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus: a critical review. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:49-62. [PMID: 27512670 PMCID: PMC4918379 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s78600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) features a natural preference for replication in many tumor cells compared with normal cells. The observed antitumor effect of NDV appears to be a result of both selective killing of tumor cells and induction of immune responses. Genetic manipulations to change viral tropism and arming the virus with genes encoding for cytokines improved the oncolytic capacity of NDV. Several intracellular proteins in tumor cells, including antiapoptotic proteins (Livin) and oncogenic proteins (H-Ras), are relevant for the oncolytic activity of NDV. Defects in the interferon system, found in some tumor cells, also contribute to the oncolytic selectivity of NDV. Notwithstanding, NDV displays effective oncolytic activity in many tumor types, despite having intact interferon signaling. Taken together, several cellular systems appear to dictate the selective oncolytic activity of NDV. Some barriers, such as neutralizing antibodies elicited during NDV treatment and the extracellular matrix in tumor tissue appear to interfere with spread of NDV and reduce oncolysis. To further understand the oncolytic activity of NDV, we compared two NDV strains, ie, an attenuated virus (NDV-HUJ) and a pathogenic virus (NDV-MTH-68/H). Significant differences in amino acid sequence were noted in several viral proteins, including the fusion precursor (F0) glycoprotein, an important determinant of replication and pathogenicity. However, no difference in the oncolytic activity of the two strains was noted using human tumor tissues maintained as organ cultures or in mouse tumor models. To optimize virotherapy in clinical trials, we describe here a unique organ culture methodology, using a biopsy taken from a patient’s tumor before treatment for ex vivo infection with NDV to determine the oncolytic potential on an individual basis. In conclusion, oncolytic NDV is an excellent candidate for cancer therapy, but more knowledge is needed to ensure success in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Tayeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zichria Zakay-Rones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Progress in oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of thyroid malignant neoplasm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:91. [PMID: 25366264 PMCID: PMC4242545 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid malignant neoplasm develops from follicular or parafollicular thyroid cells. A higher proportion of anaplastic thyroid cancer has an adverse prognosis. New drugs are being used in clinical treatment. However, for advanced thyroid malignant neoplasm such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, the major impediment to successful control of the disease is the absence of effective therapies. Oncolytic virotherapy has significantly progressed as therapeutics in recent years. The advance is that oncolytic viruses can be designed with biological specificity to infect, replicate and lyse tumor cells. Significant advances in virotherapy have being achieved to improve the accessibility, safety and efficacy of the treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and bring together the main areas covered by these investigations for the virotherapy of thyroid malignant neoplasm. We provide an overview of the progress in virotherapy research and clinical trials, which employ virotherapy for thyroid malignant neoplasm as well as the future prospect for virotherapy of thyroid malignant neoplasms.
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Zamarin D, Holmgaard RB, Subudhi SK, Park JS, Mansour M, Palese P, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Allison JP. Localized oncolytic virotherapy overcomes systemic tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:226ra32. [PMID: 24598590 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Preexisting lymphocytic infiltration of tumors is associated with superior prognostic outcomes in a variety of cancers. Recent studies also suggest that lymphocytic responses may identify patients more likely to benefit from therapies targeting immune checkpoints, suggesting that therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade can be enhanced through strategies that induce tumor inflammation. To achieve this effect, we explored the immunotherapeutic potential of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). We find that localized intratumoral therapy of B16 melanoma with NDV induces inflammatory responses, leading to lymphocytic infiltrates and antitumor effect in distant (nonvirally injected) tumors without distant virus spread. The inflammatory effect coincided with distant tumor infiltration with tumor-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which was dependent on the identity of the virus-injected tumor. Combination therapy with localized NDV and systemic CTLA-4 blockade led to rejection of preestablished distant tumors and protection from tumor rechallenge in poorly immunogenic tumor models, irrespective of tumor cell line sensitivity to NDV-mediated lysis. Therapeutic effect was associated with marked distant tumor infiltration with activated CD8(+) and CD4(+) effector but not regulatory T cells, and was dependent on CD8(+) cells, natural killer cells, and type I interferon. Our findings demonstrate that localized therapy with oncolytic NDV induces inflammatory immune infiltrates in distant tumors, making them susceptible to systemic therapy with immunomodulatory antibodies, which provides a strong rationale for investigation of such combination therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Zamarin
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rikke B Holmgaard
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mena Mansour
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College and Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Schirrmacher V, Fournier P. Multimodal cancer therapy involving oncolytic newcastle disease virus, autologous immune cells, and bi-specific antibodies. Front Oncol 2014; 4:224. [PMID: 25309868 PMCID: PMC4160967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This paper summarizes (i) the peculiarities of this virus as an anti-cancer and immune stimulatory agent and (ii) the approaches to further harness this virus as a vector to combat cancer. Special emphasis is given on combining virus therapy with cell therapy and on improving tumor targeting. The review will include some of the authors work on NDV, bi-specific antibodies, and cell therapy as building blocks for a new perspective of multimodal cancer therapy. The broad anti-tumor immune reactivation includes innate and adaptive, tumor antigen (TA) specific and TA independent activities
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Bai FL, Yu YH, Tian H, Ren GP, Wang H, Zhou B, Han XH, Yu QZ, Li DS. Genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus expressing interleukin-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand for cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1226-38. [PMID: 24971746 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) have shown oncolytic therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies and are currently in clinical trials. In this study, we have evaluated the possibility to enhance the cancer therapeutic potential of NDV by means of inserting both interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) delivered by rNDV. We demonstrated that rNDV expressing TRAIL (rNDV-TRAIL) or both human IL-2 and TRAIL (rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL) significantly enhanced inherent anti-neoplastic of rNDV by inducing apoptosis. And we showed that apoptosis-related genes mRNA expression was increased after treated with rNDV-TRAIL or rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL compared with rNDV and rNDV-IL-2. We also demonstrated that both rNDV-IL-2 and rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL induced proliferation of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) in treated mice and elicited expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ antitumor cytokines. These mice treated with oncolytic agents exhibited significant reduction in tumor development compared with mice treated with the parental virus. In addition, experiments in both hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma-bearing mice demonstrated that the genetically engineered rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL exhibited prolonged animals' survival compared with rNDV, rNDV-IL-2, and rNDV-TRAIL. In conclusion, the immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy properties of NDV can be enhanced by the introduction of IL-2 and TRAIL genes, whose products initiated a broad cascade of immunological affects and induced tumor cells apoptosis in the microenvironment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Liang Bai
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Yin-Hang Yu
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Ping Ren
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Han
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Yu
- USDA-ARS; Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory; Athens, GA USA
| | - De-Shan Li
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China; Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
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Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are ideal platforms for tumor vaccination because they can mediate the direct in situ killing of tumor cells that release a broad array of tumor antigens and alarmins or danger signals thereby cross-priming antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which mediate the indirect killing of uninfected cells. The balance between the direct and indirect killing phases of oncolytic virotherapy is the key to its success and can be manipulated by incorporating various immunomodulatory genes into the oncolytic virus genome. Recently, the interim analysis of a large multicenter Phase III clinical trial for Talimogene laherparepvec, a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-armed oncolytic herpes simplex virus, revealed significant improvement in objective response and durable response rates over control arm and a trend toward improved overall survival. Meanwhile, newer oncolytics are being developed expressing additional immunomodulatory transgenes to further enhance cross-priming and the generation of antitumor CTLs and to block the immunosuppressive actions of the tumor microenvironment. Since oncolytic vaccines can be engineered to kill tumor cells directly, modulate the kinetics of the antitumor immune response and reverse the immunosuppressive actions of the tumor, they are predicted to emerge as the preferred immunotherapeutic anticancer weapons of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura B Elsedawy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Tumor Restrictions to Oncolytic Virus. Biomedicines 2014; 2:163-194. [PMID: 28548066 PMCID: PMC5423468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has advanced since the days of its conception but therapeutic efficacy in the clinics does not seem to reach the same level as in animal models. One reason is premature oncolytic virus clearance in humans, which is a reasonable assumption considering the immune-stimulating nature of the oncolytic agents. However, several studies are beginning to reveal layers of restriction to oncolytic virotherapy that are present before an adaptive neutralizing immune response. Some of these barriers are present constitutively halting infection before it even begins, whereas others are raised by minute cues triggered by virus infection. Indeed, we and others have noticed that delivering viruses to tumors may not be the biggest obstacle to successful therapy, but instead the physical make-up of the tumor and its capacity to mount antiviral defenses seem to be the most important efficacy determinants. In this review, we summarize the constitutive and innate barriers to oncolytic virotherapy and discuss strategies to overcome them.
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