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Tsuda K. Evolution of the sporophyte shoot axis and functions of TALE HD transcription factors in stem development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102594. [PMID: 38943830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The stem is one of the major organs in seed plants and is important for plant survival as well as in agriculture. However, due to the lack of clear external landmarks in many species, its developmental and evolutionary processes are understudied compared to other organs. Recent approaches tackling these problems, especially those focused on KNOX1 and BLH transcription factors belonging to the TALE homeodomain superfamily have started unveiling the patterning process of nodes and internodes by connecting previously accumulated knowledge on lateral organ regulators. Fossil records played crucial roles in understanding the evolutionary process of the stem. The aim of this review is to introduce how the stem evolved from ancestorial sporophyte axes and to provide frameworks for future efforts in understanding the developmental process of this elusive but pivotal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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2
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Song P, Yang Z, Wang H, Wan F, Kang D, Zheng W, Gong Z, Li J. Regulation of cryptochrome-mediated blue light signaling by the ABI4-PIF4 module. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39185941 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) is a pivotal transcription factor which coordinates multiple aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant responses to environmental stresses. ABI4 has been shown to be involved in regulating seedling photomorphogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that the role of ABI4 in regulating photomorphogenesis is generally regulated by sucrose, but ABI4 promotes hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings under blue (B) light under all tested sucrose concentrations. We further show that ABI4 physically interacts with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a well-characterized growth-promoting transcription factor, and post-translationally promotes PIF4 protein accumulation under B light. Further analyses indicate that ABI4 directly interacts with the B light photoreceptors cryptochromes (CRYs) and inhibits the interactions between CRYs and PIF4, thus relieving CRY-mediated repression of PIF4 protein accumulation. In addition, while ABI4 could directly activate its own expression, CRYs enhance, whereas PIF4 inhibits, ABI4-mediated activation of the ABI4 promoter. Together, our study demonstrates that the ABI4-PIF4 module plays an important role in mediating CRY-induced B light signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Postdoctoral Station of Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zidan Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Huaichang Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Wan
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dingming Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Postdoctoral Station of Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Li HL, Xu RR, Guo XL, Liu YJ, You CX, Han Y, An JP. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 module acts as an interface integrating jasmonic acid and gibberellin signals and undergoes ubiquitination-dependent degradation regulated by MdSINA2 in apple. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:997-1016. [PMID: 38849319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin (GA) coordinately regulate plant developmental programs and environmental cue responses. However, the fine regulatory network of the cross-interaction between JA and GA remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that MdNAC72 together with MdABI5 positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through an exquisite MdNAC72-MdABI5-MdbHLH3 transcriptional cascade in apple. MdNAC72 interacts with MdABI5 to promote the transcriptional activation of MdABI5 on its target gene MdbHLH3 and directly activates the transcription of MdABI5. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 module regulates the integration of JA and GA signals in anthocyanin biosynthesis by combining with JA repressor MdJAZ2 and GA repressor MdRGL2a. MdJAZ2 disrupts the MdNAC72-MdABI5 interaction and attenuates the transcriptional activation of MdABI5 by MdNAC72. MdRGL2a sequesters MdJAZ2 from the MdJAZ2-MdNAC72 protein complex, leading to the release of MdNAC72. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MdSINA2 is responsive to JA and GA signals and promotes ubiquitination-dependent degradation of MdNAC72. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 interface fine-regulates the integration of JA and GA signals at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels by combining MdJAZ2, MdRGL2a, and MdSINA2. In summary, our findings elucidate the fine regulatory network connecting JA and GA signals with MdNAC72-MdABI5 as the core in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Long Guo
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, He-Fei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
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Li T, Fang K, Tie Y, Lu Y, Lei Y, Li W, Zheng T, Yao X. NAC transcription factor ATAF1 negatively modulates the PIF-regulated hypocotyl elongation under a short-day photoperiod. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3253-3265. [PMID: 38736429 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Day length modulates hypocotyl elongation in seedlings to optimize their overall fitness. Variations in cell growth-associated genes are regulated by several transcription factors. However, the specific transcription factors through which the plant clock increases plant fitness are still being elucidated. In this study, we identified the no apical meristem, Arabidopsis thaliana-activating factor (ATAF-1/2), and cup-shaped cotyledon (NAC) family transcription factor ATAF1 as a novel repressor of hypocotyl elongation under a short-day (SD) photoperiod. Variations in day length profoundly affected the transcriptional and protein levels of ATAF1. ATAF1-deficient mutant exhibited increased hypocotyl length and cell growth-promoting gene expression under SD conditions. Moreover, ATAF1 directly targeted and repressed the expression of the cycling Dof factor 1/5 (CDF1/5), two key transcription factors involved in hypocotyl elongation under SD conditions. Additionally, ATAF1 interacted with and negatively modulated the effects of phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF), thus inhibiting PIF-promoted gene expression and hypocotyl elongation. Taken together, our results revealed ATAF1-PIF as a crucial pair modulating the expression of key transcription factors to facilitate plant growth during day/night cycles under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tie
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yuxin Lu
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yuxin Lei
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuhong Yao
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Agriculture Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
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Fu J, Liao L, Jin J, Lu Z, Sun J, Song L, Huang Y, Liu S, Huang D, Xu Y, He J, Hu B, Zhu Y, Wu F, Wang X, Deng X, Xu Q. A transcriptional cascade involving BBX22 and HY5 finely regulates both plant height and fruit pigmentation in citrus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1752-1768. [PMID: 38961693 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfing is a pivotal agronomic trait affecting both yield and quality. Citrus species exhibit substantial variation in plant height, among which internode length is a core element. However, the molecular mechanism governing internode elongation remains unclear. Here, we unveiled that the transcriptional cascade consisting of B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 22 (BBX22) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) finely tunes plant height and internode elongation in citrus. Loss-of-function mutations of BBX22 in an early-flowering citrus (Citrus hindsii "SJG") promoted internode elongation and reduced pigment accumulation, whereas ectopic expression of BBX22 in SJG, sweet orange (C. sinensis), pomelo (C. maxima) or heterologous expression of BBX22 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) significantly decreased internode length. Furthermore, exogenous application of gibberellin A3 (GA3) rescued the shortened internode and dwarf phenotype caused by BBX22 overexpression. Additional experiments revealed that BBX22 played a dual role in regulation internode elongation and pigmentation in citrus. On the one hand, it directly bound to and activated the expression of HY5, GA metabolism gene (GA2 OXIDASE 8, GA2ox8), carotenoid biosynthesis gene (PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, PSY1) and anthocyanin regulatory gene (Ruby1, a MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN). On the other hand, it acted as a cofactor of HY5, enhancing the ability of HY5 to regulate target genes expression. Together, our results reveal the critical role of the transcriptional cascade consisting of BBX22 and HY5 in controlling internode elongation and pigment accumulation in citrus. Unraveling the crosstalk regulatory mechanism between internode elongation and fruit pigmentation provides key genes for breeding of novel types with both dwarf and health-beneficial fortification in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Fu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiajing Jin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhi Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ding Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaxian He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Research Center of Majia Pomelo, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Lee HU, Shim S, Chung MN, Lee T, Park W, Kim TH, Lee KH, Woo KS, Nam SS, Kim MY, Lee SH. Transcriptomic analysis for the gamma-ray-induced sweetpotato mutants with altered stem growth pattern. Front Genet 2024; 15:1419399. [PMID: 39144719 PMCID: PMC11322061 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1419399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sweetpotato faces breeding challenges due to physiological and genomic issues. Gamma radiation is a novel approach for inducing genetic variation in crops. We analyzed the transcriptomic changes in gamma ray-induced sweetpotato mutants with altered stem development compared with those in the wild-type 'Tongchaeru' cultivar. Methods RNA sequencing analyses were performed to identify changes in the expression of genes related to stem development. Results Transcriptomic analysis identified 8,931 upregulated and 6,901 downregulated genes, including the upregulation of the auxin-responsive SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) and three PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) genes. PIF4 is crucial for regulating the expression of early auxin-responsive SAUR genes and stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the mutant, several genes related to stem elongation, including PIF4 and those involved in various signaling pathways such as auxin and gibberellin, were upregulated. Discussion Our results suggest that gamma ray-induced mutations influence auxin-dependent stem development by modulating a complex regulatory network involving the expression of PIF4 and SAUR genes, and other signaling pathways such as gibberellin and ethylene signaling genes. This study enhances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying stem growth in sweetpotato, providing valuable insights for genomics-assisted breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Un Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangrea Shim
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Nam Chung
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwa Kim
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Hwui Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sik Nam
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Griffiths J, Rizza A, Tang B, Frommer WB, Jones AM. GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR 2 reveals genesis and role of cellular GA dynamics in light-regulated hypocotyl growth. THE PLANT CELL 2024:koae198. [PMID: 39039020 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) is critical for environmentally sensitive plant development including germination, skotomorphogenesis, and flowering. The Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR1, which permits single-cell GA measurements in vivo, has been used to observe a GA gradient correlated with cell length in dark-grown, but not light-grown, hypocotyls. We sought to understand how light signaling integrates into cellular GA regulation. Here, we show how the E3 ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1) and transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) play central roles in directing cellular GA distribution in skoto- and photomorphogenic hypocotyls, respectively. We demonstrate that the expression pattern of the GA biosynthetic enzyme gene GA20ox1 is the key determinant of the GA gradient in dark-grown hypocotyls and is a target of COP1 signaling. We engineered a second generation GPS2 biosensor with improved orthogonality and reversibility. GPS2 revealed a previously undetectable cellular pattern of GA depletion during the transition to growth in the light. This GA depletion partly explains the resetting of hypocotyl growth dynamics during photomorphogenesis. Achieving cell-level resolution has revealed how GA distributions link environmental conditions with morphology and morphological plasticity. The GPS2 biosensor is an ideal tool for GA studies in many conditions, organs, and plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Griffiths
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Annalisa Rizza
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Bijun Tang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Heinrich Heine University, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander M Jones
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
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Hughes J, Winkler A. New Insight Into Phytochromes: Connecting Structure to Function. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:153-183. [PMID: 39038250 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Red and far-red light-sensing phytochromes are widespread in nature, occurring in plants, algae, fungi, and prokaryotes. Despite at least a billion years of evolution, their photosensory modules remain structurally and functionally similar. Conversely, nature has found remarkably different ways of transmitting light signals from the photosensor to diverse physiological responses. We summarize key features of phytochrome structure and function and discuss how these are correlated, from how the bilin environment affects the chromophore to how light induces cellular signals. Recent advances in the structural characterization of bacterial and plant phytochromes have resulted in paradigm changes in phytochrome research that we discuss in the context of present-day knowledge. Finally, we highlight questions that remain to be answered and suggest some of the benefits of understanding phytochrome structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hughes
- Department of Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany;
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Krahmer J, Fankhauser C. Environmental Control of Hypocotyl Elongation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:489-519. [PMID: 38012051 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-023852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The hypocotyl is the embryonic stem connecting the primary root to the cotyledons. Hypocotyl length varies tremendously depending on the conditions. This developmental plasticity and the simplicity of the organ explain its success as a model for growth regulation. Light and temperature are prominent growth-controlling cues, using shared signaling elements. Mechanisms controlling hypocotyl elongation in etiolated seedlings reaching the light differ from those in photoautotrophic seedlings. However, many common growth regulators intervene in both situations. Multiple photoreceptors including phytochromes, which also respond to temperature, control the activity of several transcription factors, thereby eliciting rapid transcriptional reprogramming. Hypocotyl growth often depends on sensing in green tissues and interorgan communication comprising auxin. Hypocotyl auxin, in conjunction with other hormones, determines epidermal cell elongation. Plants facing cues with opposite effects on growth control hypocotyl elongation through intricate mechanisms. We discuss the status of the field and end by highlighting open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Current affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
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10
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Lyu Y, Dong X, Niu S, Cao R, Shao G, Sheng Z, Jiao G, Xie L, Hu S, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. An orchestrated ethylene-gibberellin signaling cascade contributes to mesocotyl elongation and emergence of rice direct seeding. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1427-1439. [PMID: 38751025 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A mechanized direct seeding of rice with less labor and water usage, has been widely adopted. However, this approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence. Mesocotyl elongation (ME) offers the main drive of fast emergence of rice seedlings from soils; nevertheless, its genetic basis remains unknown. Here, we identify a major rice quantitative trait locus Mesocotyl Elongation1 (qME1), an allele of the Green Revolution gene Semi-Dwarf1 (SD1), encoding GA20-oxidase for gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. ME1 expression is strongly induced by soil depth and ethylene. When rice grains are direct-seeded in soils, the ethylene core signaling factor OsEIL1 directly promotes ME1 transcription, accelerating bioactive GA biosynthesis. The GAs further degrade the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), alleviating its inhibition of rice PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE13 (OsPIL13) to activate the downstream expansion gene OsEXPA4 and ultimately promote rice seedling ME and emergence. The ancient traits of long mesocotyl and strong emergence ability in wild rice and landrace were gradually lost in company with the Green Revolution dwarf breeding process, and an elite ME1-R allele (D349H) is found in some modern Geng varieties (long mesocotyl lengths) in northern China, which can be used in the direct seeding and dwarf breeding of Geng varieties. Furthermore, the ectopic and high expression of ME1 driven by mesocotyl-specific promoters resulted in rice plants that could be direct-seeded without obvious plant architecture or yield penalties. Collectively, we reveal the molecular mechanism of rice ME, and provide useful information for breeding new Green Revolution varieties with long mesocotyl suitable for direct-seeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shipeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ruijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Lu H, Xu J, Li G, Zhong T, Chen D, Lv J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of GRAS gene family in Eucalyptus grandis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:573. [PMID: 38890621 PMCID: PMC11184746 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GRAS gene family is a class of plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, disease resistance and stress tolerance, plant growth and development. So far, no information available describes the functions of the GRAS genes in Eucalyptus grandis. RESULTS A total of 82 GRAS genes were identified with amino acid lengths ranging from 267 to 817 aa, and most EgrGRAS genes had one exon. Members of the GRAS gene family of Eucalyptus grandis are divided into 9 subfamilies with different protein structures, while members of the same subfamily have similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Moreover, these EgrGRAS genes expanded primarily due to segmental duplication. In addition, cis-acting element analysis showed that this family of genes was involved involved in the signal transduction of various plant hormones, growth and development, and stress response. The qRT-PCR data indicated that 18 EgrGRAS genes significantly responded to hormonal and abiotic stresses. Among them, the expression of EgrGRAS13, EgrGRAS68 and EgrGRAS55 genes was significantly up-regulated during the treatment period, and it was hypothesised that members of the EgrGRAS family play an important role in stress tolerance. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the phylogenetic relationship, conserved domains, cis-elements and expression patterns of GRAS gene family of Eucalyptus grandis were analyzed, which filled the gap in the identification of GRAS gene family of Eucalyptus grandis and laid the foundation for analyzing the function of EgrGRAS gene in hormone and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Guangyou Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Tailin Zhong
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Danwei Chen
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Jiabin Lv
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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12
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Huang X, Liu L, Qiang X, Meng Y, Li Z, Huang F. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis to Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflorescence Elongation in Medicago sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6497. [PMID: 38928203 PMCID: PMC11203646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphological architecture of inflorescence influences seed production. The regulatory mechanisms underlying alfalfa (Medicago sativa) inflorescence elongation remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of two extreme materials at three developmental stages to explore the mechanisms underlying inflorescence elongation in alfalfa. We observed the developmental processes of long and short inflorescences and found that the elongation capacity of alfalfa with long inflorescence was stronger than that of alfalfa with short inflorescences. Furthermore, integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome indicated that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was closely correlated with the structural formation of the inflorescence. Additionally, we identified key genes and proteins associated with lignin biosynthesis based on the differential expressed genes and proteins (DEGs and DEPs) involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Moreover, targeted hormone metabolome analysis revealed that IAA, GA, and CK play an important role in the peduncle elongation of alfalfa inflorescences. Based on omics analysis, we detected key genes and proteins related to plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. From the WGCNA and WPCNA results, we furthermore screened 28 candidate genes and six key proteins that were correlated with lignin biosynthesis, plant hormone biosynthesis, and signaling pathways. In addition, 19 crucial transcription factors were discovered using correlation analysis that might play a role in regulating candidate genes. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of inflorescence elongation in alfalfa and establishes a theoretical foundation for improving alfalfa seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China; (X.H.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Xiaojing Qiang
- Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China; (X.H.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (F.H.)
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13
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Zhu X, Wang H, Li Y, Rao D, Wang F, Gao Y, Zhong W, Zhao Y, Wu S, Chen X, Qiu H, Zhang W, Xia Z. A Novel 10-Base Pair Deletion in the First Exon of GmHY2a Promotes Hypocotyl Elongation, Induces Early Maturation, and Impairs Photosynthetic Performance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6483. [PMID: 38928189 PMCID: PMC11203641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants photoreceptors perceive changes in light quality and intensity and thereby regulate plant vegetative growth and reproductive development. By screening a γ irradiation-induced mutant library of the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar "Dongsheng 7", we identified Gmeny, a mutant with elongated nodes, yellowed leaves, decreased chlorophyll contents, altered photosynthetic performance, and early maturation. An analysis of bulked DNA and RNA data sampled from a population segregating for Gmeny, using the BVF-IGV pipeline established in our laboratory, identified a 10 bp deletion in the first exon of the candidate gene Glyma.02G304700. The causative mutation was verified by a variation analysis of over 500 genes in the candidate gene region and an association analysis, performed using two populations segregating for Gmeny. Glyma.02G304700 (GmHY2a) is a homolog of AtHY2a in Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a PΦB synthase involved in the biosynthesis of phytochrome. A transcriptome analysis of Gmeny using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed changes in multiple functional pathways, including photosynthesis, gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, and flowering time, which may explain the observed mutant phenotypes. Further studies on the function of GmHY2a and its homologs will help us to understand its profound regulatory effects on photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuzhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Demin Rao
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 132102, China; (D.R.); (H.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weiyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shihao Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 132102, China; (D.R.); (H.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 132102, China; (D.R.); (H.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; (X.Z.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Yong S, Chen Q, Xu F, Fu H, Liang G, Guo Q. Exploring the interplay between angiosperm chlorophyll metabolism and environmental factors. PLANTA 2024; 260:25. [PMID: 38861219 PMCID: PMC11166782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize how chlorophyll metabolism in angiosperm is affected by the environmental factors: light, temperature, metal ions, water, oxygen, and altitude. The significance of chlorophyll (Chl) in plant leaf morphogenesis and photosynthesis cannot be overstated. Over time, researchers have made significant advancements in comprehending the biosynthetic pathway of Chl in angiosperms, along with the pivotal enzymes and genes involved in this process, particularly those related to heme synthesis and light-responsive mechanisms. Various environmental factors influence the stability of Chl content in angiosperms by modulating Chl metabolic pathways. Understanding the interplay between plants Chl metabolism and environmental factors has been a prominent research topic. This review mainly focuses on angiosperms, provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing Chl metabolism, and the impact of environmental factors such as light, temperature, metal ions (iron and magnesium), water, oxygen, and altitude on Chl metabolism. Understanding these effects is crucial for comprehending and preserving the homeostasis of Chl metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyuan Yong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Li T, Wang Y, Natran A, Zhang Y, Wang H, Du K, Qin P, Yuan H, Chen W, Tu B, Inzé D, Dubois M. C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 3 contributes to GA-mediated growth and flowering by interaction with DELLA proteins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2555-2569. [PMID: 38594216 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) plays a central role in many plant developmental processes and is crucial for crop improvement. DELLA proteins, the core suppressors in the GA signaling pathway, are degraded by GA via the 26S proteasomal pathway to release the GA response. However, little is known about the phosphorylation-mediated regulation of DELLA proteins. In this study, we combined GA response assays with protein-protein interaction analysis to infer the connection between Arabidopsis thaliana DELLAs and the C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 3 (CPL3), a phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. We show that CPL3 directly interacts with DELLA proteins and promotes DELLA protein stability by inhibiting its degradation by the 26S proteasome. Consequently, CPL3 negatively modulates multiple GA-mediated processes of plant development, including hypocotyl elongation, flowering time, and anthocyanin accumulation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CPL3 serves as a novel regulator that could improve DELLA stability and thereby participate in GA signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yongqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Annelore Natran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangxi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Weilan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Gent, Belgium
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16
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Shor E, Vainstein A. Petunia PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4/5 transcriptionally activates key regulators of floral scent. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:66. [PMID: 38816626 PMCID: PMC11139750 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Floral scent emission of petunia flowers is regulated by light conditions, circadian rhythms, ambient temperature and the phytohormones GA and ethylene, but the mechanisms underlying sensitivity to these factors remain obscure. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) have been well studied as components of the regulatory machinery for numerous physiological processes. Acting redundantly, they serve as transmitters of light, circadian, metabolic, thermal and hormonal signals. Here we identified and characterized the phylogenetics of petunia PIF family members (PhPIFs). PhPIF4/5 was revealed as a positive regulator of floral scent: TRV-based transient suppression of PhPIF4/5 in petunia petals reduced emission of volatiles, whereas transient overexpression increased scent emission. The mechanism of PhPIF4/5-mediated regulation of volatile production includes activation of the expression of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and a key positive regulator of the pathway, EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II (EOBII). The PIF-binding motif on the EOBII promoter (G-box) was shown to be needed for this activation. As PhPIF4/5 homologues are sensors of dawn and expression of EOBII also peaks at dawn, the prior is proposed to be part of the diurnal control of the volatile biosynthetic machinery. PhPIF4/5 was also found to transcriptionally activate PhDELLAs; a similar positive effect of PIFs on DELLA expression was further confirmed in Arabidopsis seedlings. The PhPIF4/5-PhDELLAs feedback is proposed to fine-tune GA signaling for regulation of floral scent production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shor
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
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17
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Willige BC, Yoo CY, Saldierna Guzmán JP. What is going on inside of phytochrome B photobodies? THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2065-2085. [PMID: 38511271 PMCID: PMC11132900 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants exhibit an enormous phenotypic plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions. For this purpose, they have evolved mechanisms to detect and measure biotic and abiotic factors in their surroundings. Phytochrome B exhibits a dual function, since it serves as a photoreceptor for red and far-red light as well as a thermosensor. In 1999, it was first reported that phytochromes not only translocate into the nucleus but also form subnuclear foci upon irradiation by red light. It took more than 10 years until these phytochrome speckles received their name; these foci were coined photobodies to describe unique phytochrome-containing subnuclear domains that are regulated by light. Since their initial discovery, there has been much speculation about the significance and function of photobodies. Their presumed roles range from pure experimental artifacts to waste deposits or signaling hubs. In this review, we summarize the newest findings about the meaning of phyB photobodies for light and temperature signaling. Recent studies have established that phyB photobodies are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation via multivalent interactions and that they provide diverse functions as biochemical hotspots to regulate gene expression on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Christopher Willige
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Chan Yul Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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18
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Danish S, Sana S, Hussain MB, Dawar K, Almoallim HS, Ansari MJ, Hareem M, Datta R. Effect of methyl jasmonate and GA3 on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth, antioxidants activity, and nutrient concentration cultivated in salt-affected soils. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:363. [PMID: 38724910 PMCID: PMC11080209 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a significant challenge in agricultural production. When soil contains high salts, it can adversely affect plant growth and productivity due to the high concentration of soluble salts in the soil water. To overcome this issue, foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and gibberellic acid (GA3) can be productive amendments. Both can potentially improve the plant's growth attributes and flowering, which are imperative in improving growth and yield. However, limited literature is available on their combined use in canola to mitigate salinity stress. That's why the current study investigates the impact of different levels of MJ (at concentrations of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM MJ) and GA3 (0GA3 and 5 mg/L GA3) on canola cultivated in salt-affected soils. Applying all the treatments in four replicates. Results indicate that the application of 0.8 mM MJ with 5 mg/L GA3 significantly enhances shoot length (23.29%), shoot dry weight (24.77%), number of leaves per plant (24.93%), number of flowering branches (26.11%), chlorophyll a (31.44%), chlorophyll b (20.28%) and total chlorophyll (27.66%) and shoot total soluble carbohydrates (22.53%) over control. Treatment with 0.8 mM MJ and 5 mg/L GA3 resulted in a decrease in shoot proline (48.17%), MDA (81.41%), SOD (50.59%), POD (14.81%) while increase in N (10.38%), P (15.22%), and K (8.05%) compared to control in canola under salinity stress. In conclusion, 0.8 mM MJ + 5 mg/L GA3 can improve canola growth under salinity stress. More investigations are recommended at the field level to declare 0.8 mM MJ + 5 mg/L GA3 as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Sana
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Sub-campus Rahim Yar Khan, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Baqir Hussain
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Misbah Hareem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Woman University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic.
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Shani E, Hedden P, Sun TP. Highlights in gibberellin research: A tale of the dwarf and the slender. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:111-134. [PMID: 38290048 PMCID: PMC11060689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
It has been almost a century since biologically active gibberellin (GA) was isolated. Here, we give a historical overview of the early efforts in establishing the GA biosynthesis and catabolism pathway, characterizing the enzymes for GA metabolism, and elucidating their corresponding genes. We then highlight more recent studies that have identified the GA receptors and early GA signaling components (DELLA repressors and F-box activators), determined the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprograming, and revealed how DELLAs integrate multiple signaling pathways to regulate plant vegetative and reproductive development in response to internal and external cues. Finally, we discuss the GA transporters and their roles in GA-mediated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Tai-ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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20
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Tian Y, Zeng H, Wu JC, Dai GX, Zheng HP, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhou ZK, Tang DY, Deng GF, Tang WB, Liu XM, Lin JZ. The zinc finger protein DHHC09 S-acylates the kinase STRK1 to regulate H2O2 homeostasis and promote salt tolerance in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:919-940. [PMID: 38180963 PMCID: PMC10980341 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity results in oxidative stress and heavy losses to crop production. The S-acylated protein SALT TOLERANCE RECEPTOR-LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASE 1 (STRK1) phosphorylates and activates CATALASE C (CatC) to improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt tolerance, but the molecular mechanism underlying its S-acylation involved in salt signal transduction awaits elucidation. Here, we show that the DHHC-type zinc finger protein DHHC09 S-acylates STRK1 at Cys5, Cys10, and Cys14 and promotes salt and oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing rice H2O2-scavenging capacity. This modification determines STRK1 targeting to the plasma membrane or lipid nanodomains and is required for its function. DHHC09 promotes salt signaling from STRK1 to CatC via transphosphorylation, and its deficiency impairs salt signal transduction. Our findings demonstrate that DHHC09 S-acylates and anchors STRK1 to the plasma membrane to promote salt signaling from STRK1 to CatC, thereby regulating H2O2 homeostasis and improving salt stress tolerance in rice. Moreover, overexpression of DHHC09 in rice mitigates grain yield loss under salt stress. Together, these results shed light on the mechanism underlying the role of S-acylation in RLK/RLCK-mediated salt signal transduction and provide a strategy for breeding highly salt-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ji-Cai Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Gao-Xing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dong-Ying Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Guo-Fu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Wen-Bang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xuan-Ming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Changsha, 410125, China
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21
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1893-1913. [PMID: 38289877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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22
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Zhang D, Ai G, Ji K, Huang R, Chen C, Yang Z, Wang J, Cui L, Li G, Tahira M, Wang X, Wang T, Ye J, Hong Z, Ye Z, Zhang J. EARLY FLOWERING is a dominant gain-of-function allele of FANTASTIC FOUR 1/2c that promotes early flowering in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:698-711. [PMID: 37929693 PMCID: PMC10893951 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time, an important factor in plant adaptability and genetic improvement, is regulated by various genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this study, we characterized a tomato mutant, EARLY FLOWERING (EF), that developed flowers much earlier than its parental control. EF is a dominant gain-of-function allele with a T-DNA inserted 139 bp downstream of the stop codon of FANTASTIC FOUR 1/2c (FAF1/2c). The transcript of SlFAF1/2c was at elevated levels in the EF mutant. Overexpressing SlFAF1/2c in tomato plants phenocopied the early flowering trait of the EF mutant. Knocking out SlFAF1/2c in the EF mutant reverted the early flowering phenotype of the mutant to the normal flowering time of the wild-type tomato plants. SlFAF1/2c promoted the floral transition by shortening the vegetative phase rather than by reducing the number of leaves produced before the emergence of the first inflorescence. The COP9 signalosome subunit 5B (CSN5B) was shown to interact with FAF1/2c, and knocking out CSN5B led to an early flowering phenotype in tomato. Interestingly, FAF1/2c was found to reduce the accumulation of the CSN5B protein by reducing its protein stability. These findings imply that FAF1/2c regulates flowering time in tomato by reducing the accumulation and stability of CSN5B, which influences the expression of SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), JOINTLESS (J) and UNIFLORA (UF). Thus, a new allele of SlFAF1/2c was discovered and found to regulate flowering time in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guo Ai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kangna Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chunrui Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zixuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiafa Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Long Cui
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guobin Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Maryam Tahira
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Taotao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Junhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural CropsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
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Han S, Yue W, Bao A, Jiao T, Liu Y, Zeng H, Song K, Wu M, Guo L. OsCSN2 orchestrates Oryza sativa L. growth and development through modulation of the GA and BR pathways. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38381201 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a conserved protein complex found in higher eukaryotes, consisting of eight subunits, and it plays a crucial role in regulating various processes of plant growth and development. Among these subunits, CSN2 is one of the most conserved components within the COP9 signalosome complex. Despite its prior identification in other species, its specific function in Oryza sativa L. (Rice) has remained poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of CSN2 in rice using gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology and overexpression techniques. We created two types of mutants: the oscsn2 mutant and the OsCSN2-OE mutant, both in the background of rice, and also generated point mutants of OsCSN2 (OsCSN2K64E, OsCSN2K67E, OsCSN2K71E and OsCSN2K104E) to further explore the regulatory function of OsCSN2. Phenotypic observation and gene expression analysis were conducted on plants from the generated mutants, tracking their growth from the seedling to the heading stages. The results showed that the loss and modification of OsCSN2 had limited effects on plant growth and development during the early stages of both the wild-type and mutant plants. However, as the plants grew to 60 days, significant differences emerged. The OsCSN2 point mutants exhibited increased tillering compared to the OsCSN2-OE mutant plants, which were already at the tillering stage. On the other hand, the OsCSN2 point mutant had already progressed to the heading and flowering stages, with the shorter plants. These results, along with functional predictions of the OsCSN2 protein, indicated that changes in the 64th, 67th, 71st, and 104th amino acids of OsCSN2 affected its ubiquitination site, influencing the ubiquitination function of CSN and consequently impacting the degradation of the DELLA protein SLR1. Taken together, it can be speculated that OsCSN2 plays a key role in GA and BR pathways by influencing the functional regulation of the transcription factor SLR1 in CSN, thereby affecting the growth and development of rice and the number of tillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shining Han
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Anar Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Song
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liquan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Su P, Wang D, Wang P, Gao Y, Jia H, Hou J, Wu L. In vitro regeneration, photomorphogenesis and light signaling gene expression in Hydrangea quercifolia cv. 'Harmony' under different LED environments. PLANTA 2024; 259:71. [PMID: 38353793 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plant growth regulators, sucrose concentration, and light quality significantly impact in vitro regeneration of 'Harmony'. Blue light promotes photomorphogenesis by enhancing light energy utilization, adjusting transcription of light signal genes, and altering hormone levels. Hydrangea quercifolia cv. 'Harmony', celebrated for lush green foliage and clusters of white flowers, has been extensively researched for its regenerative properties. Regeneration in stem segments, leaves, and petioles is facilitated by exogenous auxin and cytokinins (CTKs), with the concentration of sucrose (SC) being a key determinant for shoot regeneration from leaves. The study also highlights the significant impact of light conditions on photomorphogenesis. With an increase in the proportion of red (R) light, there is an inhibitory effect, leading to a reduction in leaf area, a decrease in the quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and an increase in non-photochemical quenching (ΦNPQ) and non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO). Conversely, blue (B) light enhances growth, characterized by an increase in leaf area, elevated ΦPSII, and stable ΦNPQ and ΦNO levels. Additionally, B light induces the upregulation of HqCRYs, HqHY5-like, HqXTH27-like, and HqPHYs genes, along with an increase in endogenous CTKs levels, which positively influence photomorphogenesis independent of HqHY5-like regulation. This light condition also suppresses the synthesis of endogenous gibberellins (GA) and brassinosteroids (BR), further facilitating photomorphogenesis. In essence, B light is fundamental in expediting photomorphogenesis in 'Harmony', demonstrating the vital role in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yameng Gao
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Jia
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Hou
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Wu
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Zhongke Taihe Experimental Station, Taihe, 236626, Anhui, China.
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Jang J, Lee S, Kim JI, Lee S, Kim JA. The Roles of Circadian Clock Genes in Plant Temperature Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:918. [PMID: 38255990 PMCID: PMC10815334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants monitor day length and memorize changes in temperature signals throughout the day, creating circadian rhythms that support the timely control of physiological and metabolic processes. The DEHYDRATION-RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (DREB1/CBF) transcription factors are known as master regulators for the acquisition of cold stress tolerance, whereas PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) is involved in plant adaptation to heat stress through thermomorphogenesis. Recent studies have shown that circadian clock genes control plant responses to temperature. Temperature-responsive transcriptomes show a diurnal cycle and peak expression levels at specific times of throughout the day. Circadian clock genes play essential roles in allowing plants to maintain homeostasis by accommodating temperature changes within the normal temperature range or by altering protein properties and morphogenesis at the cellular level for plant survival and growth under temperature stress conditions. Recent studies revealed that the central oscillator genes CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1/LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (CCA1/LHY) and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR5/7/9 (PRR5/7/9), as well as the EVENING COMPLEX (EC) genes REVEILLE4/REVEILLE8 (REV4/REV8), were involved in the DREB1 pathway of the cold signaling transcription factor and regulated the thermomorphogenesis gene PIF4. Further studies showed that another central oscillator, TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1), and the regulatory protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL) are also involved. These studies led to attempts to utilize circadian clock genes for the acquisition of temperature-stress resistance in crops. In this review, we highlight circadian rhythm regulation and the clock genes involved in plant responses to temperature changes, as well as strategies for plant survival in a rapidly changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juna Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sichul Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jin A. Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
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26
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Neves C, Ribeiro B, Amaro R, Expósito J, Grimplet J, Fortes AM. Network of GRAS transcription factors in plant development, fruit ripening and stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad220. [PMID: 38077496 PMCID: PMC10699852 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The plant-specific family of GRAS transcription factors has been wide implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with a diversity of biological functions ranging from plant development processes to stress responses. Functional analyses of GRAS transcription factors supported by in silico structural and comparative analyses are emerging and clarifying the regulatory networks associated with their biological roles. In this review, a detailed analysis of GRAS proteins' structure and biochemical features as revealed by recent discoveries indicated how these characteristics may impact subcellular location, molecular mechanisms, and function. Nomenclature issues associated with GRAS classification into different subfamilies in diverse plant species even in the presence of robust genomic resources are discussed, in particular how it affects assumptions of biological function. Insights into the mechanisms driving evolution of this gene family and how genetic and epigenetic regulation of GRAS contributes to subfunctionalization are provided. Finally, this review debates challenges and future perspectives on the application of this complex but promising gene family for crop improvement to cope with challenges of environmental transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Neves
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Ribeiro
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rute Amaro
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jesús Expósito
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Zhang X, Shen Z, Sun X, Chen M, Zhang N. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data reveals novel regulators of soybean ( Glycine max) hypocotyl development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:1086-1098. [PMID: 37866377 DOI: 10.1071/fp23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation directly affects the seedling establishment and soil-breaking after germination. In soybean (Glycine max ), the molecular mechanisms regulating hypocotyl development remain largely elusive. To decipher the regulatory landscape, we conducted proteome and transcriptome analysis of soybean hypocotyl samples at different development stages. Our results showed that during hypocotyl development, many proteins were with extreme high translation efficiency (TE) and may act as regulators. These potential regulators include multiple peroxidases and cell wall reorganisation related enzymes. Peroxidases may produce ROS including H2 O2 . Interestingly, exogenous H2 O2 application promoted hypocotyl elongation, supporting peroxidases as regulators of hypocotyl development. However, a vast variety of proteins were shown to be with dramatically changed TE during hypocotyl development, including multiple phytochromes, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and aspartic proteases. Their potential roles in hypocotyl development were confirmed by that ectopic expression of GmPHYA1 and GmPIP1-6 in Arabidopsis thaliana affected hypocotyl elongation. In addition, the promoters of these potential regulatory genes contain multiple light/gibberellin/auxin responsive elements, while the expression of some members in hypocotyls was significantly regulated by light and exogenous auxin/gibberellin. Overall, our results revealed multiple novel regulatory factors of soybean hypocotyl elongation. Further research on these regulators may lead to new approvals to improve soybean hypocotyl traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhikang Shen
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, China; and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaohu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Min Chen
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, China; and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Naichao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Gao Q, Hu S, Wang X, Han F, Luo H, Liu Z, Kang C. The red/far-red light photoreceptor FvePhyB regulates tissue elongation and anthocyanin accumulation in woodland strawberry. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad232. [PMID: 38143485 PMCID: PMC10745270 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental signal that influences plant growth and development. Among the photoreceptors, phytochromes can sense red/far-red light to coordinate various biological processes. However, their functions in strawberry are not yet known. In this study, we identified an EMS mutant, named P8, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) that showed greatly increased plant height and reduced anthocyanin content. Mapping-by-sequencing revealed that the causal mutation in FvePhyB leads to premature termination of translation. The light treatment assay revealed that FvePhyB is a bona fide red/far-red light photoreceptor, as it specifically inhibits hypocotyl length under red light. Transcriptome analysis showed that the FvePhyB mutation affects the expression levels of genes involved in hormone synthesis and signaling and anthocyanin biosynthesis in petioles and fruits. The srl mutant with a longer internode is caused by a mutation in the DELLA gene FveRGA1 (Repressor of GA1) in the gibberellin pathway. We found that the P8 srl double mutant has much longer internodes than srl, suggesting a synergistic role of FvePhyB and FveRGA1 in this process. Taken together, these results demonstrate the important role of FvePhyB in regulating plant architecture and anthocyanin content in woodland strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fu Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huifeng Luo
- Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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29
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Rehman S, Bahadur S, Xia W. An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants. Gene 2023; 885:147699. [PMID: 37567454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The floral initiation in angiosperms is a complex process influenced by endogenous and exogenous signals. With this approach, we aim to provide a comprehensive review to integrate this complex floral regulatory process and summarize the regulatory genes and their functions in annuals and perennials. Seven primary paths leading to flowering have been discovered in Arabidopsis under several growth condition that include; photoperiod, ambient temperature, vernalization, gibberellins, autonomous, aging and carbohydrates. These pathways involve a series of interlinked signaling pathways that respond to both internal and external signals, such as light, temperature, hormones, and developmental cues, to coordinate the expression of genes that are involved in flower development. Among them, the photoperiodic pathway was the most important and conserved as some of the fundamental loci and mechanisms are shared even by closely related plant species. The activation of floral regulatory genes such as FLC, FT, LFY, and SOC1 that determine floral meristem identity and the transition to the flowering stage result from the merging of these pathways. Recent studies confirmed that alternative splicing, antisense RNA and epigenetic modification play crucial roles by regulating the expression of genes related to blooming. In this review, we documented recent progress in the floral transition time in annuals and perennials, with emphasis on the specific regulatory mechanisms along with the application of various molecular approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference and Virus-induced flowering. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between annual and perennial flowering will aid significant contributions to the field by elucidating the mechanisms of perennial plant development and floral initiation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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30
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Li J, Li Q, Wang W, Zhang X, Chu C, Tang X, Zhu B, Xiong L, Zhao Y, Zhou D. DELLA-mediated gene repression is maintained by chromatin modification in rice. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114220. [PMID: 37691541 PMCID: PMC10620761 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DELLA proteins are master regulators of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling through their effects on gene expression. Enhanced DELLA accumulation in rice and wheat varieties has greatly contributed to grain yield increases during the green revolution. However, the molecular basis of DELLA-mediated gene repression remains elusive. In this work, we show that the rice DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) forms a tripartite complex with Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and the histone deacetylase HDA702 to repress downstream genes by establishing a silent chromatin state. The slr1 mutation and GA signaling resulted in dissociation of PRC2 and HDA702 from GA-inducible genes. Loss-of-function or downregulation of the chromatin regulators impaired SLR1-dependent histone modification and gene repression. Time-resolved analysis of GA signaling revealed that GA-induced transcriptional activation was associated with a rapid increase of H3K9ac followed by H3K27me3 removal. Collectively, these results establish a general epigenetic mechanism for DELLA-mediated gene repression and reveal details of the chromatin dynamics during transcriptional activation stimulated by GA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wentao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xinran Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xintian Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dao‐Xiu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Plant Science Paris‐Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAEUniversity Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
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Liu M, Hu F, Liu L, Lu X, Li R, Wang J, Wu J, Ma L, Pu Y, Fang Y, Yang G, Wang W, Sun W. Physiological Analysis and Genetic Mapping of Short Hypocotyl Trait in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15409. [PMID: 37895090 PMCID: PMC10607371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocotyl length is a botanical trait that affects the cold tolerance of Brassica napus L. (B. napus). In this study, we constructed an F2 segregating population using the cold-resistant short hypocotyl variety '16VHNTS158' and the cold-sensitive long hypocotyl variety 'Tianyou 2288' as the parents, and BSA-seq was employed to identify candidate genes for hypocotyl length in B. napus. The results of parental differences showed that the average hypocotyl lengths of '16VHNTS158' and 'Tianyou 2288' were 0.41 cm and 0.77 cm at the 5~6 leaf stage, respectively, after different low-temperature treatments, and '16VHNTS158' exhibited lower relative ion leakage rates compared to 'Tianyou 2288'. The contents of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) in hypocotyls of '16VHNTS158' and 'Tianyou 2288' increased with decreasing temperatures, but the IAA and GA contents were significantly higher than those of 'Tianyou 2288', and the BR content was lower than that of 'Tianyou 2288'. The genetic analysis results indicate that the genetic model for hypocotyl length follows the 2MG-A model. By using SSR molecular markers, a QTL locus associated with hypocotyl length was identified on chromosome C04. The additive effect value of this locus was 0.025, and it accounted for 2.5% of the phenotypic variation. BSA-Seq further localized the major effect QTL locus on chromosome C04, associating it with 41 genomic regions. The total length of this region was 1.06 Mb. Within this region, a total of 20 non-synonymous mutation genes were identified between the parents, and 26 non-synonymous mutation genes were found within the pooled samples. In the reference genome of B. napus, this region was annotated with 24 candidate genes. These annotated genes are predominantly enriched in four pathways: DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, plant hormone signal transduction, and mismatch repair. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for cloning genes related to hypocotyl length in winter rapeseed and their utilization in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wancang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.)
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32
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Guan P, Hu J, Sun L. Interaction of VvDELLA2 and VvCEB1 Mediates Expression of Expansion-Related Gene during GA-Induced Enlargement of Grape Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14870. [PMID: 37834318 PMCID: PMC10573625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous gibberellin treatment can promote early growth of grape fruit, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that VvDELLA2 directly regulates the activity of the VvCEB1 transcription factor, a key regulator in the control of cell expansion in grape fruit. Our results show that VvCEB1 binds directly to the promoters of cell expansion-related genes in grape fruit and acts as a transcriptional activator, while VvDELLA2 blocks VvCEB1 function by binding to its activating structural domain. The exogenous gibberellin treatment relieved this inhibition by promoting the degradation of VvDELLA2 protein, thus, allowing VvCEB1 to transcriptionally activate the expression of cell expansion-related genes. In conclusion, we conclude that exogenous GA3 treatment regulates early fruit expansion by affecting the VvDELLA-VvCEB1 interaction in grape fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
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Liu X, Li N, Chen A, Saleem N, Jia Q, Zhao C, Li W, Zhang M. FUSCA3-induced AINTEGUMENTA-like 6 manages seed dormancy and lipid metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1091-1108. [PMID: 37418568 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
FUSCA 3 (FUS3), a seed master regulator, plays critical role in seed dormancy and oil accumulation. However, its downstream regulation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the roles of AINTEGUMENTA-like 6 (AIL6), a seed transcription factor, in these processes. The activation of AIL6 by FUS3 was demonstrated by dual-LUC assay. Seeds of ail6 mutants showed alterations in fatty acid compositions, and both AtAIL6 (AIL6 from Arabidopsis thaliana) and BnaAIL6 (AIL6 from Brassica napus) rescued the phenotype. Over-expression (OE) of AIL6s reversed changes in seed fatty acid composition. Notably, OE lines showed low seed germination rates down to 12% compared to 100% of wild-type Col-0. Transcriptome analysis of the mutant and an OE line indicated widespread expression changes of genes involved in lipid metabolism and phytohormone pathways. In OE mature seeds, GA4 content decreased more than 15-fold, while abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents clearly increased. Exogenous GA3 treatments did not effectively rescue the low germination rate. Nicking seed coats increased germination rates from 25% to nearly 80% while the wild-type rdr6-11 is 100% and 98% respectively, and elongation of storage time also improved seed germination. Furthermore, dormancy imposed by AIL6 was fully released in the della quintuple mutant. Together, our results indicate AIL6 acts as a manager downstream of FUS3 in seed dormancy and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Aoyu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Noor Saleem
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingli Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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34
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Xiong H, Lu D, Li Z, Wu J, Ning X, Lin W, Bai Z, Zheng C, Sun Y, Chi W, Zhang L, Xu X. The DELLA-ABI4-HY5 module integrates light and gibberellin signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100597. [PMID: 37002603 PMCID: PMC10504559 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is coordinately controlled by various environmental and hormonal signals, of which light and gibberellin (GA) signals are two critical factors with opposite effects on hypocotyl elongation. Although interactions between the light and GA signaling pathways have been studied extensively, the detailed regulatory mechanism of their direct crosstalk in hypocotyl elongation remains to be fully clarified. Previously, we reported that ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) controls hypocotyl elongation through its regulation of cell-elongation-related genes, but whether it is also involved in GA signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation is unknown. In this study, we show that promotion of hypocotyl elongation by GA is dependent on ABI4 activation. DELLAs interact directly with ABI4 and inhibit its DNA-binding activity. In turn, ABI4 combined with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a key positive factor in light signaling, feedback regulates the expression of the GA2ox GA catabolism genes and thus modulates GA levels. Taken together, our results suggest that the DELLA-ABI4-HY5 module may serve as a molecular link that integrates GA and light signals to control hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jianghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xin Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Weijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zechen Bai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Nagahage ISP, Matsuda K, Miyashita K, Fujiwara S, Mannapperuma C, Yamada T, Sakamoto S, Ishikawa T, Nagano M, Ohtani M, Kato K, Uchimiya H, Mitsuda N, Kawai‐Yamada M, Demura T, Yamaguchi M. NAC domain transcription factors VNI2 and ATAF2 form protein complexes and regulate leaf senescence. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e529. [PMID: 37731912 PMCID: PMC10507225 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) domain transcription factor VND-INTERACTING2 (VNI2) negatively regulates xylem vessel formation by interacting with another NAC domain transcription factor, VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), a master regulator of xylem vessel formation. Here, we screened interacting proteins with VNI2 using yeast two-hybrid assay and isolated two NAC domain transcription factors, Arabidopsis thaliana ACTIVATION FACTOR 2 (ATAF2) and NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 102 (ANAC102). A transient gene expression assay showed that ATAF2 upregulates the expression of genes involved in leaf senescence, and VNI2 effectively inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of ATAF2. vni2 mutants accelerate leaf senescence, whereas ataf2 mutants delay leaf senescence. In addition, the accelerated leaf senescence phenotype of the vni2 mutant is recovered by simultaneous mutation of ATAF2. Our findings strongly suggest that VNI2 interacts with and inhibits ATAF2, resulting in negatively regulating leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
| | - Kyoko Miyashita
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Sumire Fujiwara
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
- Global Zero‐Emission Research CenterNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Minoru Nagano
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
- Present address:
College of Life SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwaJapan
| | - Ko Kato
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
| | - Hirofumi Uchimiya
- Institute for Environmental Science and TechnologySaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
- Global Zero‐Emission Research CenterNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Maki Kawai‐Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
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Liu C, Lin JZ, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zheng HP, Zhou ZK, Zhou YB, Tang XD, Zhao XH, Wu T, Xu SL, Tang DY, Zuo ZC, He H, Bai LY, Yang YZ, Liu XM. The protein phosphatase PC1 dephosphorylates and deactivates CatC to negatively regulate H2O2 homeostasis and salt tolerance in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3604-3625. [PMID: 37325884 PMCID: PMC10473223 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is often phosphorylated and activated by protein kinases to maintain hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) homeostasis and protect cells against stresses, but whether and how CAT is switched off by protein phosphatases remains inconclusive. Here, we identified a manganese (Mn2+)-dependent protein phosphatase, which we named PHOSPHATASE OF CATALASE 1 (PC1), from rice (Oryza sativa L.) that negatively regulates salt and oxidative stress tolerance. PC1 specifically dephosphorylates CatC at Ser-9 to inhibit its tetramerization and thus activity in the peroxisome. PC1 overexpressing lines exhibited hypersensitivity to salt and oxidative stresses with a lower phospho-serine level of CATs. Phosphatase activity and seminal root growth assays indicated that PC1 promotes growth and plays a vital role during the transition from salt stress to normal growth conditions. Our findings demonstrate that PC1 acts as a molecular switch to dephosphorylate and deactivate CatC and negatively regulate H2O2 homeostasis and salt tolerance in rice. Moreover, knockout of PC1 not only improved H2O2-scavenging capacity and salt tolerance but also limited rice grain yield loss under salt stress conditions. Together, these results shed light on the mechanisms that switch off CAT and provide a strategy for breeding highly salt-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yan-Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shi-Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Dong-Ying Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ze-Cheng Zuo
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian-Yang Bai
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Xuan-Ming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Lee YR, Ko KS, Lee HE, Lee ES, Han K, Yoo JY, Vu BN, Choi HN, Lee YN, Hong JC, Lee KO, Kim DS. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated HY5 Gene Editing Reduces Growth Inhibition in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa) under ER Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13105. [PMID: 37685921 PMCID: PMC10487758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various stresses can affect the quality and yield of crops, including vegetables. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to examine the role of the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) gene in influencing the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa). Single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the HY5 gene, and deep-sequencing analysis confirmed the induction of mutations in the bZIP domain of the gene. To investigate the response of Chinese cabbage to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, plants were treated with tunicamycin (TM). Both wild-type and hy5 mutant plants showed increased growth inhibition with increasing TM concentration. However, the hy5 mutant plants displayed less severe growth inhibition compared to the wild type. Using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining methods, we determined the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced under ER stress conditions, and found that the hy5 mutant plants generated lower levels of ROS compared to the wild type. Under ER stress conditions, the hy5 mutant plants exhibited lower expression levels of UPR- and cell death-related genes than the wild type. These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the HY5 gene can mitigate growth inhibition in Chinese cabbage under stresses, improving the quality and yield of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Rin Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Eun Su Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Koeun Han
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Bich Ngoc Vu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Ha Na Choi
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Yoo Na Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Do Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
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Zhao J, Bo K, Pan Y, Li Y, Yu D, Li C, Chang J, Wu S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Gu X, Weng Y. Phytochrome-interacting factor PIF3 integrates phytochrome B and UV-B signaling pathways to regulate gibberellin- and auxin-dependent growth in cucumber hypocotyls. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4520-4539. [PMID: 37201922 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the photoreceptors phytochrome B (PhyB) and UV-B resistance 8 (UVR8) mediate light responses that play a major role in regulating photomorphogenic hypocotyl growth, but how they crosstalk to coordinate this process is not well understood. Here we report map-based cloning and functional characterization of an ultraviolet (UV)-B-insensitive, long-hypocotyl mutant, lh1, and a wild-type-like mutant, lh2, in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), which show defective CsPhyB and GA oxidase2 (CsGA20ox-2), a key gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis enzyme, respectively. The lh2 mutation was epistatic to lh1 and partly suppressed the long-hypocotyl phenotype in the lh1lh2 double mutant. We identified phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) CsPIF3 as playing a critical role in integrating the red/far-red and UV-B light responses for hypocotyl growth. We show that two modules, CsPhyB-CsPIF3-CsGA20ox-2-DELLA and CsPIF3-auxin response factor 18 (CsARF18), mediate CsPhyB-regulated hypocotyl elongation through GA and auxin pathways, respectively, in which CsPIF3 binds to the G/E-box motifs in the promoters of CsGA20ox-2 and CsARF18 to regulate their expression. We also identified a new physical interaction between CsPIF3 and CsUVR8 mediating CsPhyB-dependent, UV-B-induced hypocotyl growth inhibition. Our work suggests that hypocotyl growth in cucumber involves a complex interplay of multiple photoreceptor- and phytohormone-mediated signaling pathways that show both conservation with and divergence from those in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhao
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Kailiang Bo
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Daoliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Muhammad D, Alameldin HF, Oh S, Montgomery BL, Warpeha KM. Arogenate dehydratases: unique roles in light-directed development during the seed-to-seedling transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220732. [PMID: 37600200 PMCID: PMC10433759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The seed-to-seedling transition is impacted by changes in nutrient availability and light profiles, but is still poorly understood. Phenylalanine affects early seedling development; thus, the roles of arogenate dehydratases (ADTs), which catalyze phenylalanine formation, were studied in germination and during the seed-to-seedling transition by exploring the impact of light conditions and specific hormone responses in adt mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. ADT gene expression was assessed in distinct tissues and for light-quality dependence in seedlings for each of the six-member ADT gene family. Mutant adt seedlings were evaluated relative to wild type for germination, photomorphogenesis (blue, red, far red, white light, and dark conditions), anthocyanin accumulation, and plastid development-related phenotypes. ADT proteins are expressed in a light- and tissue-specific manner in transgenic seedlings. Among the analyzed adt mutants, adt3, adt5, and adt6 exhibit significant defects in germination, hypocotyl elongation, and root development responses during the seed-to-seedling transition. Interestingly, adt5 exhibits a light-dependent disruption in plastid development, similar to a phyA mutant. These data indicate interactions between photoreceptors, hormones, and regulation of phenylalanine pools in the process of seedling establishment. ADT5 and ADT6 may play important roles in coordinating hormone and light signals for normal early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- DurreShahwar Muhammad
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hussien F. Alameldin
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Sookyung Oh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Warpeha
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Wang Y, Song S, Hao Y, Chen C, Ou X, He B, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Li C, Zhang S, Su W, Chen R. Role of BraRGL1 in regulation of Brassica rapa bolting and flowering. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad119. [PMID: 37547730 PMCID: PMC10402658 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) plays a major role in controlling Brassica rapa stalk development. As an essential negative regulator of GA signal transduction, DELLA proteins may exert significant effects on stalk development. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unclear. In this study, we report highly efficient and inheritable mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in BraPDS (phytoene desaturase) and BraRGL1 (key DELLA protein) genes. We observed a loss-of-function mutation in BraRGL1 due to two amino acids in GRAS domain. The flower bud differentiation and bolting time of BraRGL1 mutants were significantly advanced. The expression of GA-regulatory protein (BraGASA6), flowering related genes (BraSOC1, BraLFY), expansion protein (BraEXPA11) and xyloglucan endotransferase (BraXTH3) genes was also significantly upregulated in these mutants. BraRGL1-overexpressing plants displayed the contrasting phenotypes. BraRGL1 mutants were more sensitive to GA signaling. BraRGL1 interacted with BraSOC1, and the interaction intensity decreased after GA3 treatment. In addition, BraRGL1 inhibited the transcription-activation ability of BraSOC1 for BraXTH3 and BraLFY genes, but the presence of GA3 enhanced the activation ability of BraSOC1, suggesting that the BraRGL1-BraSOC1 module regulates bolting and flowering of B. rapa through GA signal transduction. Thus, we hypothesized that BraRGL1 is degraded, and BraSOC1 is released in the presence of GA3, which promotes the expression of BraXTH3 and BraLFY, thereby inducing stalk development in B. rapa. Further, the BraRGL1-M mutant promoted the flower bud differentiation without affecting the stalk quality. Thus, BraRGL1 can serve as a valuable target for the molecular breeding of early maturing varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | - Yanwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Ou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhehao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuaiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Su
- Corresponding authors. E-mails: ; ;
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Huang X, Tian H, Park J, Oh DH, Hu J, Zentella R, Qiao H, Dassanayake M, Sun TP. The master growth regulator DELLA binding to histone H2A is essential for DELLA-mediated global transcription regulation. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1291-1305. [PMID: 37537399 PMCID: PMC10681320 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The DELLA genes, also known as 'Green Revolution' genes, encode conserved master growth regulators that control plant development in response to internal and environmental cues. Functioning as nuclear-localized transcription regulators, DELLAs modulate expression of target genes via direct protein-protein interaction of their carboxy-terminal GRAS domain with hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic regulators. However, the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprogramming remains unclear. Here by characterizing new missense alleles of an Arabidopsis DELLA, repressor of ga1-3 (RGA), and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that RGA binds histone H2A via the PFYRE subdomain within its GRAS domain to form a TF-RGA-H2A complex at the target chromatin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing analysis further shows that this activity is essential for RGA association with its target chromatin globally. Our results indicate that, although DELLAs are recruited to target promoters by binding to TFs via the LHR1 subdomain, DELLA-H2A interaction via the PFYRE subdomain is necessary to stabilize the TF-DELLA-H2A complex at the target chromatin. This study provides insights into the two distinct key modular functions in DELLA for its genome-wide transcription regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Syngenta, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rodolfo Zentella
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Liu S, Wang X, Peng L. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Metabolism of Betalains and Flavonoids in Red Amaranth Hypocotyl under Blue Light and Dark Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:5627. [PMID: 37570597 PMCID: PMC10420052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaranth plants contain abundant betalains and flavonoids. Anthocyanins are important flavonoids; however, they cannot coexist in the same plant with betalains. Blue light influences metabolite synthesis and hypocotyl elongation; accordingly, analyses of its effects on betalain and flavonoid biosynthesis in Amaranthus tricolor may provide insight into the distribution of these plant pigments. We analyzed the betalain and flavonoid content and transcriptome profiles in amaranth hypocotyls under blue light and dark conditions. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of key genes related to betalains and flavonoids. Amaranth hypocotyls were shorter and redder and showed higher betalain and flavonoid content under blue light than in dark conditions. Key genes involved in the synthesis of betalains and flavonoids were upregulated under blue light. The gene encoding DELLA was also upregulated. These results suggest that blue light favors the synthesis of both betalains and flavonoids via the suppression of bioactive gibberellin and the promotion of DELLA protein accumulation, which also suppresses hypocotyl elongation. The metabolite profiles differed between plants under blue light and dark conditions. These findings improve our understanding of the environmental cues and molecular mechanisms underlying pigment variation in Amaranthus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Liu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Liyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
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Gómez-Ocampo G, Cascales J, Medina-Fraga AL, Ploschuk EL, Mantese AI, Crocco CD, Matsusaka D, Sánchez DH, Botto JF. Transcriptomic and physiological shade avoidance responses in potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13991. [PMID: 37616016 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect competitors in shaded environments by perceiving a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the reduction between the red and far-red light (R:FR) ratio and blue photons. These light signals are detected by phytochromes and cryptochromes, which trigger shade avoidance responses such as shoot and petiole elongation and lead to increased susceptibility to pathogen attack. We studied morphological, anatomical, and photosynthesis differences in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum var. Spunta) exposed to sunlight or simulated shade in a greenhouse. We found that simulated shade strongly induced stem and internode elongation with a higher production of free auxin in stems and a lower production of tubers. The mesophyll thickness of the upper leaves of plants grown in simulated shade was lower, but the epidermis was wider compared with the leaves of plants cultivated in sunlight. In addition, the photosynthesis rate was lower in the upper leaves exposed to nonsaturated irradiances and higher in the basal leaves at saturated irradiances compared with control plants. RNA-seq analysis showed that 146 and 155 genes were up- and downregulated by shade, respectively. By quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed that FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), WRKY-like, and PAR1b were induced, while FLAVONOL 4-SULFOTRANSFERASE was repressed under shade. In shaded plants, leaves and tubers were more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea attack. Overall, our work demonstrates configurational changes between growth and defense decisions in potato plants cultivated in simulated shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gómez-Ocampo
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Cascales
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana L Medina-Fraga
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edmundo L Ploschuk
- Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anita I Mantese
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos D Crocco
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Matsusaka
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H Sánchez
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier F Botto
- IFEVA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dong H, Li D, Yang R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Kong X, Sun J. GSK3 phosphorylates and regulates the Green Revolution protein Rht-B1b to reduce plant height in wheat. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1970-1983. [PMID: 36945740 PMCID: PMC10226569 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of stabilized DELLA proteins Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b was crucial for increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity during the Green Revolution. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we cloned a gain-of-function allele of the GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase-encoding gene GSK3 by characterizing a dwarf wheat mutant. Furthermore, we determined that GSK3 interacts with and phosphorylates the Green Revolution protein Rht-B1b to promote it to reduce plant height in wheat. Specifically, phosphorylation by GSK3 may enhance the activity and stability of Rht-B1b, allowing it to inhibit the activities of its target transcription factors. Taken together, we reveal a positive regulatory mechanism for the Green Revolution protein Rht-B1b by GSK3, which might have contributed to the Green Revolution in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Danping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruizhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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An JP, Zhang XW, Li HL, Wang DR, You CX, Han Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligases SINA1 and SINA2 integrate with the protein kinase CIPK20 to regulate the stability of RGL2a, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37235698 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although DELLA protein destabilization mediated by post-translational modifications is essential for gibberellin (GA) signal transduction and GA-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis, the related mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we report the ubiquitination and phosphorylation of an apple DELLA protein MdRGL2a in response to GA signaling and its regulatory role in anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdRGL2a could interact with MdWRKY75 to enhance the MdWRKY75-activated transcription of anthocyanin activator MdMYB1 and interfere with the interaction between anthocyanin repressor MdMYB308 and MdbHLH3 or MdbHLH33, thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation. A protein kinase MdCIPK20 was found to phosphorylate and protect MdRGL2a from degradation, and it was essential for MdRGL2a-promoting anthocyanin accumulation. However, MdRGL2a and MdCIPK20 were ubiquitinated and degraded by E3 ubiquitin ligases MdSINA1 and MdSINA2, respectively, both of which were activated in the presence of GA. Our results display the integration of SINA1/2 with CIPK20 to dynamically regulate GA signaling and will be helpful toward understanding the mechanism of GA signal transduction and GA-inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis. The discovery of extensive interactions between DELLA and SINA and CIPK proteins in apple will provide reference for the study of ubiquitination and phosphorylation of DELLA proteins in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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46
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Yu J. Maize WRKY28 interacts with the DELLA protein D8 to affect skotomorphogenesis and participates in the regulation of shade avoidance and plant architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3122-3141. [PMID: 36884355 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Competition for light from neighboring vegetation can trigger the shade-avoidance response (SAR) in plants, which is detrimental to their yield. The molecular mechanisms regulating SAR are well established in Arabidopsis, and some regulators of skotomorphogenesis have been found to be involved in the regulation of the SAR and plant architecture. However, the role of WRKY transcription factors in this process has rarely been reported, especially in maize (Zea mays). Here, we report that maize Zmwrky28 mutants exhibit shorter mesocotyls in etiolated seedlings. Molecular and biochemical analyses demonstrate that ZmWRKY28 directly binds to the promoter regions of the Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) gene ZmSAUR54 and the Phytochrome-Interacting Factor (PIF) gene ZmPIF4.1 to activate their expression. In addition, the maize DELLA protein Dwarf Plant8 (D8) interacts with ZmWRKY28 in the nucleus to inhibit its transcriptional activation activity. We also show that ZmWRKY28 participates in the regulation of the SAR, plant height, and leaf rolling and erectness in maize. Taken together, our results reveal that ZmWRKY28 is involved in GA-mediated skotomorphogenic development and can be used as a potential target to regulate SAR for breeding of high-density-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Limei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Saura-Sánchez M, Chiriotto TS, Cascales J, Gómez-Ocampo G, Hernández-García J, Li Z, Pruneda-Paz JL, Blázquez MA, Botto JF. BBX24 Interacts with JAZ3 to Promote Growth by Reducing DELLA Activity in Shade Avoidance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:474-485. [PMID: 36715091 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is a strategy of major adaptive significance and typically includes elongation of the stem and petiole, leaf hyponasty, reduced branching and phototropic orientation of the plant shoot toward canopy gaps. Both cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome B (phyB) are the major photoreceptors that sense the reduction in the blue light fluence rate and the low red:far-red ratio, respectively, and both light signals are associated with plant density and the resource reallocation when SAS responses are triggered. The B-box (BBX)-containing zinc finger transcription factor BBX24 has been implicated in the SAS as a regulator of DELLA activity, but this interaction does not explain all the observed BBX24-dependent regulation in shade light. Here, through a combination of transcriptional meta-analysis and large-scale identification of BBX24-interacting transcription factors, we found that JAZ3, a jasmonic acid signaling component, is a direct target of BBX24. Furthermore, we demonstrated that joint loss of BBX24 and JAZ3 function causes insensitivity to DELLA accumulation, and the defective shade-induced elongation in this mutant is rescued by loss of DELLA or phyB function. Therefore, we propose that JAZ3 is part of the regulatory network that controls the plant growth in response to shade, through a mechanism in which BBX24 and JAZ3 jointly regulate DELLA activity. Our results provide new insights into the participation of BBX24 and JA signaling in the hypocotyl shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Saura-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Tai Sabrina Chiriotto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Jimena Cascales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Gómez-Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Jorge Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Zheng Li
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0348, USA
| | - José Luis Pruneda-Paz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0348, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Javier Francisco Botto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
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48
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Gao L, Niu D, Chi T, Yuan Y, Liu C, Gai S, Zhang Y. PsRGL1 negatively regulates chilling- and gibberellin-induced dormancy release by PsF-box1-mediated targeting for proteolytic degradation in tree peony. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad044. [PMID: 37786434 PMCID: PMC10541556 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony bud endodormancy is a common survival strategy similar to many perennial woody plants in winter, and the activation of the GA signaling pathway is the key to breaking endodormancy. GA signal transduction is involved in many physiological processes. Although the GA-GID1-DELLA regulatory module is conserved in many plants, it has a set of specific components that add complexity to the GA response mechanism. DELLA proteins are key switches in GA signaling. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the key DELLA proteins involved in tree peony bud dormancy release. In this study, the prolonged chilling increased the content of endogenously active gibberellins. PsRGL1 among three DELLA proteins was significantly downregulated during chilling- and exogenous GA3-induced bud dormancy release by cell-free degradation assay, and a high level of polyubiquitination was detected. Silencing PsRGL1 accelerated bud dormancy release by increasing the expression of the genes associated with dormancy release, including PsCYCD, PsEBB1, PsEBB3, PsBG6, and PsBG9. Three F-box protein family members responded to chilling and GA3 treatments, resulting in PsF-box1 induction. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays indicated that only PsF-box1 could bind to PsRGL1, and the binding site was in the C-terminal domain. PsF-box1 overexpression promoted dormancy release and upregulated the expression of the dormancy-related genes. In addition, yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays showed that PsF-box1 also interacted with PsSKP1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. These findings enriched the molecular mechanism of the GA signaling pathway during dormancy release, and enhanced the understanding of tree peony bud endodormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Demei Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tianyu Chi
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shupeng Gai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
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49
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Jin X, Zhang Y, Li X, Huang J. OsNF-YA3 regulates plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance by interacting with SLR1 and SAPK9 in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:914-933. [PMID: 36906910 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The antagonism between gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways is vital to balance plant growth and stress response. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which plants determine the balance remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that rice NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y A3 (OsNF-YA3) modulates GA- and ABA-mediated balance between plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance. OsNF-YA3 loss-of-function mutants exhibit stunted growth, compromised GA biosynthetic gene expression, and decreased GA levels, while its overexpression lines have promoted growth and enhanced GA content. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and transient transcriptional regulation assays demonstrate that OsNF-YA3 activates GA biosynthetic gene OsGA20ox1 expression. Furthermore, the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) physically interacts with OsNF-YA3 and thus inhibits its transcriptional activity. On the other side, OsNF-YA3 negatively regulates plant osmotic stress tolerance by repressing ABA response. OsNF-YA3 reduces ABA levels by transcriptionally regulating ABA catabolic genes OsABA8ox1 and OsABA8ox3 by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 9 (SAPK9), the positive component in ABA signaling, interacts with OsNF-YA3 and mediates OsNF-YA3 phosphorylation, resulting in its degradation in plants. Collectively, our findings establish OsNF-YA3 as an important transcription factor that positively modulates GA-regulated plant growth and negatively controls ABA-mediated water-deficit and salt tolerance. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the balance between the growth and stress response of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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50
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Lepri A, Longo C, Messore A, Kazmi H, Madia VN, Di Santo R, Costi R, Vittorioso P. Plants and Small Molecules: An Up-and-Coming Synergy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1729. [PMID: 37111951 PMCID: PMC10145415 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system has led to a rapid and wide improvement in molecular genetics techniques for studying gene function and regulation. However, there are still several drawbacks that cannot be easily solved with molecular genetic approaches, such as the study of unfriendly species, which are of increasing agronomic interest but are not easily transformed, thus are not prone to many molecular techniques. Chemical genetics represents a methodology able to fill this gap. Chemical genetics lies between chemistry and biology and relies on small molecules to phenocopy genetic mutations addressing specific targets. Advances in recent decades have greatly improved both target specificity and activity, expanding the application of this approach to any biological process. As for classical genetics, chemical genetics also proceeds with a forward or reverse approach depending on the nature of the study. In this review, we addressed this topic in the study of plant photomorphogenesis, stress responses and epigenetic processes. We have dealt with some cases of repurposing compounds whose activity has been previously proven in human cells and, conversely, studies where plants have been a tool for the characterization of small molecules. In addition, we delved into the chemical synthesis and improvement of some of the compounds described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lepri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - C. Longo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - A. Messore
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - H. Kazmi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - V. N. Madia
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - R. Di Santo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - R. Costi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - P. Vittorioso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
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