1
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Zimoch-Rumanek P, Antos D. Coupling cation and anion exchange chromatography for fast separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1733:465256. [PMID: 39153427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
A design procedure for the separation of charge variants of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed, which was based on the coupling of cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) and anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) under high loading conditions. The design of the coupled process was supported by a dynamic model. The model was calibrated on the basis of band profiles of variants determined experimentally for the mAb materials of different variant compositions. The numerical simulations were used to select the coupling configuration and the loading conditions that allowed for efficient separation of the mAb materials into three products enriched with each individual variant: the acidic (av), main (mv) and basic (bv) one. In the CEX section, a two-step pH gradient was used to split the loaded mass of mAb into a weakly bound fraction enriched with av and mv, and a strongly bound fraction containing the bv-rich product. The weakly bound fraction was further processed in the AEX section, where the mv-rich product was eluted in flowthrough, while the av-rich product was collected by a step change in pH. The choice of flow distribution and the number of columns in the CEX and AEX sections depended on the variant composition of the mAb material. For the selected configurations, the optimized mAb loading density in the CEX columns ranged from 10 to 26 mg mL-1, while in the AEX columns it was as high as 300 or 600 mg mL-1, depending on the variant composition of the mAb material. By proper selection of the loading condition, a trade-off between yield and purity of the products could be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów/PL, Poland.
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2
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Cernosek T, Dalphin M, Jain N, Richter N, Beard S, Wang J, Osborne J, Stone T, Mellal M, Behrens S, Wunderli P. Analytical Quality by Design as applied to the development of a SEC-HPLC platform procedure for the determination of monoclonal antibody purity without mobile phase additives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116220. [PMID: 38795426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the application of AQbD principles to the development of a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) HPLC procedure for the determination of monoclonal antibody (mAb) product purity using state-of-the-art column technology available via the Waters™ XBridge Premier Protein SEC column. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) emphasizes a systematic, risk-based lifecycle approach to analytical procedure development based on sound statistical methodologies. It has recently become increasingly recommended by regulatory agencies as a response to the need for greater efficiency, improved reliability, and increased robustness among modern analytical procedures in the pharmaceutical industry. Use of an Analytical Target Profile (ATP) and formal risk assessments informed the application of Design of Experiments (DoE) to optimize this analytical procedure, as well as assess its robustness and ruggedness. Importantly, our ruggedness results demonstrated the transferability of this procedure between two laboratories within the Catalent Biologics Global Network. Application of this analytical procedure as a platform approach for evaluating mAb purity is expected to support expedited, first-in-human timelines of mAb molecules by enabling great quantitative performance with simple mobile phase buffer compositions. Taken together, this case study demonstrates the utility of adopting AQbD principles in analytical procedure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Cernosek
- Catalent Biologics, Madison, WI, USA; Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Todd Stone
- Catalent Biologics, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Sue Behrens
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
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3
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Blümel M, Cordoba-Rodriguez R, Carroll JA, Beardsley RL, Maggio F, Wylie D, Tsang V, Ehrick R, Francq BG, Pohl T, Taktak S, Spasoff A, Morrison A, Albarghouthi M. Patient-centric Comparability Assessment of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1415-1425. [PMID: 38373591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The comparability assessment of a biological product after implementing a manufacturing process change should involve a risk-based approach. Process changes may occur at any stage of the product lifecycle: early development, clinical manufacture for pivotal trials, or post-approval. The risk of the change to impact product quality varies. The design of the comparability assessment should be adapted accordingly. A working group reviewed and consolidated industry approaches to assess comparability of traditional protein-based biological products during clinical development and post-approval. The insights compiled in this review article encompass topics such as a risk-evaluation strategy, the design of comparability studies, definition of assessment criteria for comparability, holistic evaluation of data, and the regulatory submission strategy. These practices can be leveraged across the industry to help companies in design and execution of comparability assessments, and to inform discussions with global regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blümel
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Analytical Development, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Cordoba-Rodriguez
- AstraZeneca, CMC Regulatory Affairs, 200 Orchard Ridge Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - James A Carroll
- Pfizer Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | - Richard L Beardsley
- Genentech, (A Member of the Roche Group), Analytical Development and QC, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frank Maggio
- Amgen Inc., 40 Technology Way, West Greenwich, RI 02817, USA
| | - David Wylie
- Merck, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Valerie Tsang
- Biogen, Biologics Development, 5000 Davis Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robin Ehrick
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Bernard G Francq
- GSK, Vaccines CMC statistics, 89 Rue de l'Institut, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Analytical Development, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Taktak
- Pfizer Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Andrew Spasoff
- AstraZeneca, Development Quality Biologics, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Amy Morrison
- Biogen, Manufacturing Sciences, 5000 Davis Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Methal Albarghouthi
- AstraZeneca, Biopharmaceutical Development, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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4
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Limpikirati PK, Mongkoltipparat S, Denchaipradit T, Siwasophonpong N, Pornnopparat W, Ramanandana P, Pianpaktr P, Tongchusak S, Tian MT, Pisitkun T. Basic regulatory science behind drug substance and drug product specifications of monoclonal antibodies and other protein therapeutics. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100916. [PMID: 39035218 PMCID: PMC11259812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance. Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing, references to use for test procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests, and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient, its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately. Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria. Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk, and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications. Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles, with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications. Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting, how to set the acceptance criteria, and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs. Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patanachai K. Limpikirati
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sorrayut Mongkoltipparat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thinnaphat Denchaipradit
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nathathai Siwasophonpong
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wudthipong Pornnopparat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parawan Ramanandana
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Phumrapee Pianpaktr
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songsak Tongchusak
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maoxin Tim Tian
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Division of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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5
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Khalikova M, Jireš J, Horáček O, Douša M, Kučera R, Nováková L. What is the role of current mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:560-609. [PMID: 37503656 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of mass spectrometry (MS) has become more important in most application domains in recent years. Pharmaceutical analysis is specific due to its stringent regulation procedures, the need for good laboratory/manufacturing practices, and a large number of routine quality control analyses to be carried out. The role of MS is, therefore, very different throughout the whole drug development cycle. While it dominates within the drug discovery and development phase, in routine quality control, the role of MS is minor and indispensable only for selected applications. Moreover, its role is very different in the case of analysis of small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Our review explains the role of current MS in the analysis of both small-molecule chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Important features of MS-based technologies being implemented, method requirements, and related challenges are discussed. The differences in analytical procedures for small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are pointed out. While a single method or a small set of methods is usually sufficient for quality control in the case of small molecule pharmaceuticals and MS is often not indispensable, a large panel of methods including extensive use of MS must be used for quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Finally, expected development and future trends are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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6
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Duan Q, Jia H, Chen W, Qin C, Zhang K, Jia F, Fu T, Wei Y, Fan M, Wu Q, Tan W. Multivalent Aptamer-Based Lysosome-Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs) Platform for Mono- or Dual-Targeted Proteins Degradation on Cell Surface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308924. [PMID: 38425146 PMCID: PMC11077639 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Selective protein degradation platforms have opened novel avenues in therapeutic development and biological inquiry. Antibody-based lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) have emerged as a promising technology that extends the scope of targeted protein degradation to extracellular targets. Aptamers offer an advantageous alternative owing to their potential for modification and manipulation toward a multivalent state. In this study, a chemically engineered platform of multivalent aptamer-based LYTACs (AptLYTACs) is established for the targeted degradation of either single or dual protein targets. Leveraging the biotin-streptavidin system as a molecular scaffold, this investigation reveals that trivalently mono-targeted AptLYTACs demonstrate optimum efficiency in degrading membrane proteins. The development of this multivalent AptLYTACs platform provides a principle of concept for mono-/dual-targets degradation, expanding the possibilities of targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Duan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Hao‐Ran Jia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200120China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Chunhong Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410006China
| | - Fei Jia
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Ting Fu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Yong Wei
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Mengyang Fan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Qin Wu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200120China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
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7
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Zhou M, Zhou W, Yang H, Cao L, Li M, Yin P, Zhou Y. Molecular Modeling of Shockwave-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38622933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Bubble-enhanced shock waves induce the transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) providing unique advantages for targeted drug delivery of brain tumor therapy, but little is known about the molecular details of this process. Based on our BBB model including 28 000 lipids and 280 tight junction proteins and coarse-grained dynamics simulations, we provided the molecular-level delivery mechanism of three typical drugs for the first time, including the lipophilic paclitaxel, hydrophilic gemcitabine, and siRNA encapsulated in liposome, across the BBB. The results show that the BBB is more difficult to be perforated by shock-induced jets than the human brain plasma membrane (PM), requiring higher shock wave speeds. For the pores formed, the BBB exhibits a greater ability to self-heal than PM. Hydrophobic paclitaxel can cross the BBB and be successfully absorbed, but the amount is only one-third of that of PM; however, the absorption of hydrophilic gemcitabine was almost negligible. Liposome-loaded siRNAs only stayed in the first layer of the BBB. The mechanism analysis shows that increasing the bubble size can promote drug absorption while reducing the risk of higher shock wave overpressure. An exponential function was proposed to describe the relation between bubble and overpressure, which can be extended to the experimental microbubble scale. The calculated overpressure is consistent with the experimental result. These molecular-scale details on shock-assisted BBB opening for targeted drug delivery would guide and assist experimental attempts to promote the application of this strategy in the clinical treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Luoxia Cao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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8
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Cernosek T, Jain N, Dalphin M, Behrens S, Wunderli P. Accelerated development of a SEC-HPLC procedure for purity analysis of monoclonal antibodies using design of experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124037. [PMID: 38335765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The complex structure of biopharmaceutical products poses an inherent need for their thorough characterization to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy. Analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a widely used technique throughout the development and manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which quantifies product size variants such as aggregates and fragments. Aggregate and fragment content are critical quality attributes (CQAs) in mAb products, as higher contents of such size heterogeneities impact product quality. Historically, SEC methods have achieved sufficient separation between the high molecular weight (HMW) species and the main product. In contrast, some low molecular weight (LMW) species are often not sufficiently different in molecular mass from the main product, making it difficult to achieve appropriate resolutions between the two species. This lack of resolution makes it difficult to consistently quantify the LMW species in mAb-based therapeutics. The following work uses a design of experiments (DoE) approach to establish a robust analytical SEC procedure by evaluating SEC column types and mobile phase compositions using two mAb products with different physiochemical properties. The resulting optimized procedure using a Waters™ BioResolve column exhibits an improved ability to resolve and quantify mAb size variants, highlighting improvement in the resolution of the LMW species. Additionally, the addition of L-arginine as a mobile phase additive showed to reduce secondary interactions and was beneficial in increasing the recoveries of the HMW species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Cernosek
- Catalent Biologics, Madison, WI, USA; Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Sue Behrens
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
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9
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Campbell JM, Colombo S, Doyle JL, Filoti DI, Hübner G, Magnenat L, Nowinski AK, Pavon JA, Singh SM, Vo LR, Woods JM, Stokes ESE. An Industry Perspective on the use of Forced Degradation Studies to Assess Comparability of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:505-512. [PMID: 38103689 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Forced degradation, also known as stress testing, is used throughout pharmaceutical development for many purposes including assessing the comparability of biopharmaceutical products according to ICH Guideline Q5E. These formal comparability studies, the results of which are submitted to health authorities, investigate potential impacts of manufacturing process changes on the quality, safety, and efficacy of the drug. Despite the wide use of forced degradation in comparability assessments, detailed guidance on the design and interpretation of such studies is scarce. The BioPhorum Development Group is an industry-wide consortium enabling networking and sharing of common practices for the development of biopharmaceuticals. The BioPhorum Development Group Forced Degradation Workstream recently conducted several group discussions and a benchmarking survey to understand current industry approaches for the use of forced degradation studies to assess comparability of protein-based biopharmaceuticals. The results provide insight into the design of forced degradation studies, analytical characterization and testing strategies, data evaluation criteria, as well as some considerations and differences for non-platform modalities (e.g., non-traditional mAbs). This article presents survey responses from several global companies of various sizes and provides an industry perspective and experience regarding the practicalities of using forced degradation to assess comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline Analytical Development, Upper Providence, PA, 19426, United States
| | - Stefano Colombo
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK, 2750, Denmark
| | - Jamie L Doyle
- Regeneron, Quality Control Analytical Sciences, 81 Columbia Tpke, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Dana I Filoti
- AbbVie Inc., Development Sciences Data & Digital Strategy, 1N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Göran Hübner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Analytical Dev. Biologicals, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Laurent Magnenat
- Fresenius Kabi SwissBioSim GmbH, Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Route de Crassier 23, 1262, Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Ann K Nowinski
- Seagen Inc., Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21823 30th Drive Southeast, Bothell, WA, 98021, United States
| | - Jorge Alex Pavon
- Merck & Co., Inc., Biologics Analytical Research and Development, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, United States
| | - Surinder M Singh
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development & Attribute Science, 1 Squibb Drive, North Brunswick, New Jersey, 08902, United States
| | - Laila R Vo
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC Analytical development, Novo Nordisk Park B7.2.021, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Woods
- Pfizer, Analytical Research and Development, 875 Chesterfield Pkwy W, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, United States
| | - Elaine S E Stokes
- BioPhorum Operations Group, The Gridiron Building, 1 Pancras Square, London, N1C 4AG, United Kingdom.
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10
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Zimoch P, Rumanek T, Kołodziej M, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Coupling of chromatography and precipitation for adjusting acidic variant content in a monoclonal antibody pool. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1701:464070. [PMID: 37209519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The acidic charge variants (av) of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are often reported to have reduced therapeutic potency compared with the main (mv) and basic variants (bv), therefore reduction in the av content in mAb pools is often prioritized over reduction in the bv content. In previous studies we described two different methods for reducing the av content, which were based on either ion exchange chromatography or selective precipitation in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. In this study, we have developed a coupled process, in which advantages of simplicity and ease in realization of PEG-aided precipitation and high separation selectivity of anion exchange chromatography (AEX) were exploited. The design of AEX was supported by the kinetic-dispersive model, which was supplemented with the colloidal particle adsorption isotherm, whereas the precipitation process and its coupling with AEX was quantified by simple mass balance equations and underlying thermodynamic dependencies. The model was used to assess the performance of the coupling of AEX and precipitation under different operating conditions. The advantage of the coupled process over the stand-alone AEX depended on the demand for the av reduction as well as the initial variant composition of the mAb pool, e.g., the improvement in the throughput provided by the optimized sequence of AEX and PREC varied from 70 to 600% for the initial av content changed from 35 to 50% w/w, and the reduction demand changed from 30 to 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Zimoch
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rumanek
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziej
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland.
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11
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Cheung E, Xia Y, Caporini MA, Gilmore JL. Tools shaping drug discovery and development. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:031301. [PMID: 38505278 PMCID: PMC10903431 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, scattering, and imaging methods play an important role in advancing the study of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical therapies. The tools more familiar to scientists within industry and beyond, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy, serve two functions: as simple high-throughput techniques for identification and purity analysis, and as potential tools for measuring dynamics and structures of complex biological systems, from proteins and nucleic acids to membranes and nanoparticle delivery systems. With the expansion of commercial small-angle x-ray scattering instruments into the laboratory setting and the accessibility of industrial researchers to small-angle neutron scattering facilities, scattering methods are now used more frequently in the industrial research setting, and probe-less time-resolved small-angle scattering experiments are now able to be conducted to truly probe the mechanism of reactions and the location of individual components in complex model or biological systems. The availability of atomic force microscopes in the past several decades enables measurements that are, in some ways, complementary to the spectroscopic techniques, and wholly orthogonal in others, such as those related to nanomechanics. As therapies have advanced from small molecules to protein biologics and now messenger RNA vaccines, the depth of biophysical knowledge must continue to serve in drug discovery and development to ensure quality of the drug, and the characterization toolbox must be opened up to adapt traditional spectroscopic methods and adopt new techniques for unraveling the complexities of the new modalities. The overview of the biophysical methods in this review is meant to showcase the uses of multiple techniques for different modalities and present recent applications for tackling particularly challenging situations in drug development that can be solved with the aid of fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and small-angle scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Cheung
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Marc A. Caporini
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jamie L. Gilmore
- Moderna, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Ruppen I, Beydon ME, Solís C, Sacristán D, Vandenheede I, Ortiz A, Sandra K, Adhikary L. Similarity demonstrated between isolated charge variants of MB02, a biosimilar of bevacizumab, and Avastin® following extended physicochemical and functional characterization. Biologicals 2022; 77:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Schreiber S, Puig L, Gonçalves J, Mease PJ, Panaccione R, Emery P. Critical Appraisal and Future Outlook on Anti-Inflammatory Biosimilar Use in Chronic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 55:152023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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García-Cebollada H, López A, Sancho J. Protposer: the web server that readily proposes protein stabilizing mutations with high PPV. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2415-2433. [PMID: 35664235 PMCID: PMC9133766 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein stability is a requisite for most biotechnological and medical applications of proteins. As natural proteins tend to suffer from a low conformational stability ex vivo, great efforts have been devoted toward increasing their stability through rational design and engineering of appropriate mutations. Unfortunately, even the best currently used predictors fail to compute the stability of protein variants with sufficient accuracy and their usefulness as tools to guide the rational stabilisation of proteins is limited. We present here Protposer, a protein stabilising tool based on a different approach. Instead of quantifying changes in stability, Protposer uses structure- and sequence-based screening modules to nominate candidate mutations for subsequent evaluation by a logistic regression model, carefully trained to avoid overfitting. Thus, Protposer analyses PDB files in search for stabilization opportunities and provides a ranked list of promising mutations with their estimated success rates (eSR), their probabilities of being stabilising by at least 0.5 kcal/mol. The agreement between eSRs and actual positive predictive values (PPV) on external datasets of mutations is excellent. When Protposer is used with its Optimal kappa selection threshold, its PPV is above 0.7. Even with less stringent thresholds, Protposer largely outperforms FoldX, Rosetta and PoPMusiC. Indicating the PDB file of the protein suffices to obtain a ranked list of mutations, their eSRs and hints on the likely source of the stabilization expected. Protposer is a distinct, straightforward and highly successful tool to design protein stabilising mutations, and it is freely available for academic use at http://webapps.bifi.es/the-protposer.
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15
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Abdelghaffar SH, Hegazy MA, Eltanany BM. Stability assessment of FDA-approved ramucirumab monoclonal antibody; validated SE-HPLC method for degradation pattern evaluation. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5258. [PMID: 34622957 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ramucirumab (RAMU) is a recently US Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal antibody that is included in various anticancer protocols. It has a structural complexity and high degradation risk that have a significant effect on its safety and effectiveness. The major aim of this work was to assess the degradation pattern of RAMU based on physicochemical characterization. Mechanical agitation, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, pH and temperature were the selected stress conditions to which RAMU samples were subjected. The SE-HPLC method was applied and validated to monitor the RAMU monomer along with its aggregates and/or fragments. The purity of the separated peaks together with system suitability parameters were determined through the calculation of percentage purity and percentage drop in RAMU concentration. The results were interpreted by correlating them with those of dynamic light scattering and reducing and non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Samples incubated at pH 2.0-10.0 and 37°C for up to 4 weeks were analysed, recording detection of reversed phase (RP) aggregates and low molecular weight peptide fragments. Similarly, samples under short-term storage conditions of 4 weeks at different temperatures (-20, 2-8, 25, 37 and 50°C) showed low molecular weight peptide fragments but to a lesser extent. These results highlight the alarming effect on RAMU multidose vial efficacy and safety.
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16
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Simple method to determine the concentration and incorporation ratio of ruthenium-labeled antibodies. Bioanalysis 2021; 14:19-28. [PMID: 34809489 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Ruthenium-labeled antibodies are commonly used detection reagents in bioanalysis assays and must be characterized to ensure quality. The aim of this work was to develop a method to determine the concentration and incorporation ratio (the degree of labeling [DOL]) of ruthenium-labeled antibodies by UV/VIS spectroscopy. Materials & methods: Free SULFO-TAG compound was scanned using UV/VIS and showed an absorbance peak at 292 nm. In contrast, antibodies demonstrate UV absorbance at 280 nm. After experimentally determining the extinction coefficients at 280 and 292 nm of free ruthenium and antibody, we generated a formula based on the Beer-Lambert law that calculates both concentration and DOL of these ruthenium-labeled antibodies. Conclusion: The concentration and DOL values determined by our method were comparable to those determined from bicinchoninic acid and LC/MS for the same reagents. This method creates a faster and more accessible reagent characterization process that uses far less reagent than the more traditional alternatives.
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Separation of charge variants of a monoclonal antibody by overloaded ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462607. [PMID: 34656842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for adjusting the content of charge variants of monoclonal antibody by ion exchange chromatography has been developed. The band splitting phenomenon was utilized to split the protein load into two parts, i.e., the flowthrough and bound fractions, which were either enriched or depleted with some of variants. The phenomenon was triggered by thermodynamic effects resulting from oversaturation of the resin binding sites at high column loadings as well as from kinetic effects arising from limited rates of mass transport. Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) and anion exchange chromatography (AEX) separations were examined, with the reverse order of the variant elution: acidic, main, basic in CEX, and basic, main, acidic in AEX, and the corresponding reverse enrichment tendency in the collected fractions. The separations were performed by pH gradient, whose course was simplified to two stages: isocratic loading and washing at mild pH to load and partly elute the protein, followed by a rapid pH change towards non-binding conditions to desorb the remains of the protein load. To improve yield of the operation, possibility of recycling of waste fractions was considered. To predict the process performance, a dynamic model was developed, which accounted for both adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.
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Similarity demonstrated between isolated charge variants of MB02, a biosimilar of bevacizumab, and Avastin® following extended physicochemical and functional characterization. Biologicals 2021; 73:41-56. [PMID: 34593306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of recombinant mAb products contain heterogeneous charge variants, commonly the result of post-translational modifications occurring during cell culture and accumulated during production, formulation and storage. MB02 is a biosimilar mAb to bevacizumab. Similarity data of charge variants for biosimilars against its reference products must be generated to demonstrate consistency in product quality and to ensure efficacy and safety. The goal of this work was to isolate seven charge variants of MB02 and Avastin® by semi-preparative cation exchange chromatography followed by purity test and extended analytical characterization to prove similarity. Although poor purity obtained for minor variants complicated data interpretation, an in-depth insight into the charge variants pattern of MB02 compared to Avastin® was obtained, contributing to a better understanding of modifications associated to microheterogeneity. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative analytical study of individual charge variants of a bevacizumab biosimilar following a head-to head approach and the most comprehensive N-glycosylation assessment of IgG1 charge variants. Although modifications related to N- and C-terminal, N-glycans, size heterogeneity or deamidation were specifically enriched among low abundant charge variants, they did not affect binding affinity to VEGF or FcRn and in vitro potency compared with the main species or unfractionated material.
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Gemmell DK, Mack A, Wegmann S, Han D, Tuccelli R, Johnson M, Miller C. Efficacy of minute virus of mice (MVM) inactivation utilizing high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization and suitability assessment of pasteurized, concentrated glucose feeds in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression systems. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:502-513. [PMID: 34257631 PMCID: PMC8257999 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to provide effective adventitious agent mitigation for high risk upstream cell culture raw materials used for the production of biologics. It is also highly important in the growing fields of cell and gene therapies. Glucose is a critical raw material necessary for effective cell growth and productivity; however, glucose is the highest risk animal-origin-free raw material for viral contamination, and often the highest risk raw material in the upstream process as more companies move to chemically defined media. This study examines the efficacy of utilizing High Temperature Short Time (HTST) pasteurization for inactivation of physiochemically resistant, worst-case parvovirus using a bench-scale HTST system. We demonstrated approximately six log inactivation of Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) in concentrated glucose feeds without impacting the subsequent performance of the glucose in a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Han
- MilliporeSigma/Merck Life ScienceGlasgowUK
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20
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Kinoshita M, Nakajima K, Yamamoto S, Suzuki S. High-throughput N-glycan screening method for therapeutic antibodies using a microchip-based DNA analyzer: a promising methodology for monitoring monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4727-4738. [PMID: 34080034 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation of therapeutic antibodies is a critical quality attribute (CQA), and the micro-heterogeneity affects the biological and physicochemical properties of antibodies. Therefore, the profiling of N-glycans on antibodies is essential for controlling the manufacturing process and ensuring the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic antibodies. To monitor N-glycosylation in recombinant proteins, a high-throughput (HTP) methodology for glycan analysis is required to handle bulk samples in various stages of the manufacturing process. In this study, we focused on the HTP methodology for N-glycan analysis using a commercial microchip electrophoresis-based DNA analyzer and demonstrated the feasibility of the workflow consisting of sample preparation and electrophoretic separation. Even if there is a demand to analyze up to 96 samples, the present workflow can be completed in a day without expensive instruments and reagent kits for sample preparation, and it will be a promising methodology for cost-effective and facile HTP N-glycosylation analysis while optimizing the manufacturing process and development for therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sachio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeo Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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21
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Soares JCS, Cavalcanti IDL, Vasconcelos JLDA. Can biosimilar products be interchangeable? Pharmaceutical perspective in the implementation of biosimilars in oncology. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:1491-1502. [PMID: 33990164 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211016099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety in the interchangeability of biosimilar products approved for cancer treatment from a pharmaceutical perspective. METHODS A literature review was carried out using the descriptors "Biosimilar", "Oncology Therapy", "Interchangeable drugs" and "Biological Products", in the Sciencedirect, MEDLINE, and CAPLUS databases. RESULTS Fifty-one articles were selected, which addressed the importance of establishing standards that prove the efficacy and safety of biosimilars with reference products, as well as the growing interest of the pharmaceutical industry in the development of biosimilars and the impact on costs and changes in the perspective of the treatment of cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS As they are large and complex molecules, it is impossible to obtain identical copies of their reference products, which generates conflicts and concerns on the part of the pharmaceutical class regarding the safety in the interchangeability of these products, highlighting the importance of pharmacovigilance in this process.
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22
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Patil SM, Nguyen J, Keire DA, Chen K. Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation Analysis of Marketed Rituximab Drug Product Size Distribution. Pharm Res 2020; 37:238. [PMID: 33155155 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analytical methods suitable for intact drug products are often necessary to evaluate the equivalence in physicochemical properties between two drug products (DP) containing the same drug substance (DS), e.g., an innovator biologic drug and its proposed biosimilar. Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a biophysics technique applied to the analysis of size and shape of biomolecules. However, the application of AUC to formulated monoclonal antibody (mAb) DP at high concentration has not been reported. METHODS A sedimentation velocity (SV) AUC procedure with a short-pathlength centerpiece was applied to two marketed rituximab DPs, Rituxan® (US) and Reditux® (India), without any buffer exchange or dilution. Detailed precision analysis was performed. RESULTS Highly reproducible sedimentation coefficient values (S) and peak areas were obtained for the dominant (> 84%) monomeric rituximab peak. The minor mAb fragment peaks had large variation in both S values and peak areas (3-12%). The identification of oligomer peaks was only reproducible once the abundance was higher than 2%. CONCLUSIONS SV-AUC provides an orthogonal characterization tool for protein size distribution, composition and assay, which could be informative for biosimilar drug developers who mostly only have access to formulated mAb. However, AUC needs thorough validation on its accuracy, precision and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadrao M Patil
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - John Nguyen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David A Keire
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
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23
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Jois R, Mukherjee S, Rajeswari S, Rath P, Goyal V, Gupta D. Similar biologics in India: A story of access or potential for compromise? Indian J Med Res 2020; 152:456-467. [PMID: 33707387 PMCID: PMC8157901 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_43_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosimilars or similar biotherapeutic products are the biological products approved by regulatory agencies based on the demonstration of similarity in quality, safety and efficacy with reference biologics (or original biologics). Though biosimilars could be considered as interchangeable therapeutic alternatives over original biologics, there are concerns regarding their similarity in effectiveness and safety with reference product along with the level of evidence of similarity required for approval. The biosimilars, particularly, monoclonal antibodies that are developed based on the complex manufacturing processes, require stringent comparative evaluations. The Indian Regulatory Authorities in July 2012 developed the first guidelines for approval of similar biologics, which comprised requirements for the manufacturing process, quality evaluation, preclinical and clinical studies, as well as post-marketing studies. The 2016 guidelines, an update to previous guidelines, were released with the intent to provide a well-defined pathway at par with international regulations for the approval of similar biologics in India. This article highlights the key attributes of the 2016 Regulatory Guidelines and also describes the aspects such as interchangeability, nomenclature and labelling of similar biologics in India. Rigorous consideration is imperative for highly complex similar biologics of monoclonal antibodies on a case-to-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Jois
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Vikram Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sukumar Mukherjee
- Department of Rheumatology, GD Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S. Rajeswari
- Department of Rheumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P.D. Rath
- Department of Rheumatology, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Goyal
- Medical Affairs, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Disha Gupta
- Medical Affairs, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Taïeb J, Aranda E, Raouf S, Dunn H, Arnold D. Clinical and Regulatory Considerations for the Use of Bevacizumab Biosimilars in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 20:42-51.e3. [PMID: 33243618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosimilars - biological medicines highly similar to a licensed reference product (RP) - can mitigate the risk of drug shortages by providing treatment alternatives and, with their lower costs, increase patient access to medication and reduce health care expenditure. However, limited knowledge of biosimilar approval processes and lack of confidence in their quality and efficacy can limit their uptake. Importantly, biosimilars are approved based on tightly controlled regulatory pathways to demonstrate that the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the proposed biosimilar are highly similar to the RP, with no clinically meaningful differences. Initially, a battery of highly sensitive in vitro studies are performed, comparing critical quality attributes between the proposed biosimilar and RP. Subsequently, in vivo pharmacodynamic studies compare the activity and physiologic effects of the biosimilar and RP. Finally, clinical studies are conducted, including a pharmacokinetic equivalence study and a confirmatory comparative clinical trial. The latter is performed in the most sensitive patient population for which the RP is licensed, to provide the greatest possibility of identifying any clinically meaningful differences between the proposed biosimilar and RP. When equivalent safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in one setting, the totality of evidence, together with scientific justification that there are no anticipated differences between the RP and proposed biosimilar in mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity or toxicity, allows extrapolation into indications where clinical studies were not performed with the proposed biosimilar. Here, we review the approval process for biosimilars, focusing on the licensing of bevacizumab biosimilars and their extrapolation to metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Taïeb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes-Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Medical Oncology Department, University of Córdoba, IMIBIC, CIBERONC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sherif Raouf
- Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helen Dunn
- Medical Department, Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Arnold
- Department of Oncology, Asklepios Tumor Center Hamburg, AK Altona, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Bansal R, Dash R, Rathore AS. Impact of mAb Aggregation on Its Biological Activity: Rituximab as a Case Study. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2684-2698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Weng Z, Jin J, Shao C, Li H. Reduction of charge variants by CHO cell culture process optimization. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:259-269. [PMID: 32236800 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, global interest in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has risen rapidly. As therapeutic agents, antibodies have shown marked efficacy in combatting a range of cancers and immune diseases with high target specificity and low toxicity (Carla Lucia et al. in PLoS ONE 6:e24071, 2011; Donaghy in MAbs 8:659-671, 2016; Nasiri et al. in J Cell Physiol 9:6441-6457, 2018; Teo et al. in Cancer Immunol Immunother 61:2295-2309, 2012). Recent advances in cell culture technology, such as high-throughput clone screening, have facilitated antibody production at concentrations exceeding 10 g/L (Chen et al. in BMC Immunol 19:35, 2018; Huang et al. in Biotechnol Prog 26:1400-1410, 2010; Lu et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 110:191-205, 2013; Singh et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 113:698-716, 2016). As titers have improved, the industry has begun to focus on the adjustment of target antibody quality profiles to improve efficacy. Cell lines, culture media, and culture conditions impact protein quality (Van Beers and Bardor in Biotechnol J 7:1473-1484, 2012). Optimization of critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as charge variants, can be achieved through bioprocess development and is the preferred approach as changes to the cell line or growth media used is considered unfavorable by regulatory bodies (Gawlitzek et al. in Biotechnol Bioeng 103:1164-1175, 2009; Jordan et al. in Cytotechnology 65:31-40, 2013; Pan et al. in Cytotechnology 69:39-56, 2016). In this study, the effect of process control and ion supplementation on charge variants of mAbs produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was investigated. Results of this study demonstrated that the concentration of Zn2+, duration of culturing, and temperature affect charge variants of a given mAb. Under the optimum conditions of 3L bioreactors, the most significant was that Zn2 + and temperature shift could further improve the quality of antibody. The main peak increased by 12%, and the acid peak decreased by 16%. At the same time, there was no significant loss of titer. This study provided supporting evidence for methods to improve charge variants arising during mAb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Weng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Process Science and Production Department, Sunshine GuoJian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - ChunHua Shao
- Process Science and Production Department, Sunshine GuoJian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Soleimani B, Murray K, Hunt D. Established and Emerging Immunological Complications of Biological Therapeutics in Multiple Sclerosis. Drug Saf 2020; 42:941-956. [PMID: 30830572 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biologic immunotherapies have transformed the treatment landscape of multiple sclerosis. Such therapies include recombinant proteins (interferon beta), as well as monoclonal antibodies (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, rituximab and ocrelizumab). Monoclonal antibodies show particular efficacy in the treatment of the inflammatory phase of multiple sclerosis. However, the immunological perturbations caused by biologic therapies are associated with significant immunological adverse reactions. These include development of neutralising immunogenicity, secondary immunodeficiency and secondary autoimmunity. These complications can affect the balance of risks and benefits of biologic agents, and 2018 saw the withdrawal from the market of daclizumab, an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody, due to concerns about the development of severe, unpredictable autoimmunity. Here we review established and emerging risks associated with multiple sclerosis biologic agents, with an emphasis on their immunological adverse effects. We also discuss the specific challenges that multiple sclerosis biologics pose to drug safety systems, and the potential for improvements in safety frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katy Murray
- Anne Rowling Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Hunt
- Anne Rowling Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Wang L, Trang HK, Desai J, Dunn ZD, Richardson DD, Marcus RK. Fiber-based HIC capture loop for coupling of protein A and size exclusion chromatography in a two-dimensional separation of monoclonal antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1098:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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An NMR-Based Similarity Metric for Higher Order Structure Quality Assessment Among U.S. Marketed Insulin Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1519-1528. [PMID: 31927041 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein or peptide higher order structure (HOS) is a quality attribute that could affect therapeutic efficacy and safety. Where appropriate, the HOS similarity between a proposed follow-on product and the reference listed drug should be demonstrated during regulatory assessment. Establishing quantitative HOS similarity for 2 drug substances, manufactured by different processes, has been challenging. Herein, HOS differences among U.S. marketed insulin drug products (DPs) were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and principal component analysis (PCA). Then, the unitless Mahalanobis distance (DM) in PCA space was calculated between insulin analog reference listed drugs and their recently approved follow-on products, and all DM values were 3.29 or less. By contrast, a larger DM value of 20.5 was obtained between the 2 insulin human DPs independently approved. However, upon mass-balanced and reversible dialysis of the 2 insulin human DPs against the same buffers, the DM value was reduced to 1.19 or less. Thus, the observed range of nuclear magnetic resonance-PCA-derived DM values can be used as a robust and sensitive measure of HOS similarity. Overall, the DM values of 3.3 for DP and 1.2 for drug substances using insulin therapeutics represented realistic and achievable similarity metrics for developing generic or biosimilar drugs, quality assurance, or control.
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Masuda Y, Ogino Y, Yamaichi K, Takahashi Y, Nonaka K, Wakamatsu K. The prevention of an anomalous chromatographic behavior and the resulting successful removal of viruses from monoclonal antibody with an asymmetric charge distribution by using a membrane adsorber in highly efficient, anion-exchange chromatography in flow-through mode. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2955. [PMID: 31894893 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Anion exchange (AEX) chromatography in the flow-through mode is a widely employed purification process for removal of process/product-related impurities and exogenous/endogenous viruses from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The pH of the mobile phase for AEX chromatography is typically set at half a unit below the isoelectric point (pI) of each mAb (i.e., pI - 0.5) or lower and, in combination with a low ionic strength, these conditions are usually satisfactory for both the recovery of the mAb and removal of impurities. However, we have recently encountered a tight binding of mAb1 to AEX resins under these standard chromatographic conditions. This anomalous adsorption behavior appears to be an effect of the asymmetric charge distribution on the surface of the mAb1. We found that mAb1 did not bind to the AEX resins if the mobile phase has a much lower pH and higher ionic strength, but those conditions would not allow adequate virus removal. We predicted that the use of membrane adsorbers might provide effective mAb1 purification, since the supporting matrix has a network structure that would be less susceptible to interactions with the asymmetric charge distribution on the protein surface. We tested the Natriflo HD-Q AEX membrane adsorber under standard chromatographic conditions and found that mAb1 flowed through the membrane adsorber, resulting in successful separation from murine leukemia virus. This AEX membrane adsorber is expected to be useful for process development because mAbs can be purified under similar standard chromatographic conditions regardless of their charge distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Masuda
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogino
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kozo Yamaichi
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu-shi, Gunma, Japan
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van der Plas RM, Hoefnagel MH, Hillege HL, Roes KC. Pragmatic rules for comparability of biological medicinal products. Biologicals 2020; 63:97-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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The UK BIO-TRAC Study: A Cross-Sectional Study of Product and Batch Traceability for Biologics in Clinical Practice and Electronic Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in the UK. Drug Saf 2019; 43:255-263. [PMID: 31872358 PMCID: PMC7048707 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Due to the complexity of biologics and the inherent challenges for manufacturing, it is important to know the specific brand name and batch number of suspected biologics in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which biologics are traceable by brand name and batch number in UK hospital practice and in ADRs reported by patients and healthcare professionals. Methods We performed an online hospital pharmacist survey to capture information on how specific product details are recorded during the processes of prescribing, dispensing and administration of biologics in routine UK hospital practice. We also assessed the proportion of ADR reports specifying brand name and batch number from electronic ADR reports submitted to the UK national spontaneous reporting database, the Yellow Card Scheme, between 1 January 2009 and 30 September 2017. Results Brand name recording in routine hospital processes ranged from 79 to 91%, whereas batch numbers were less routinely recorded, ranging from 38 to 58%. Paper-based recording of product details was more commonly used for recording information. A total of 6108 electronic ADR reports were submitted to the Yellow Card Scheme for recombinant biologics, of which 38% and 15%, respectively, had an identifiable brand name and batch numbers. Whereas batch number traceability in electronic ADR reports improved slightly after the implementation of the European Union pharmacovigilance legislation in 2012, no improvement of brand name traceability was observed. Conclusion Brand name and batch number traceability for biologics in UK ADR reports are generally low. Shortcomings in the systematic recording of product details in UK clinical practice may contribute to the limited traceability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40264-019-00891-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Identification of Formaldehyde-Induced Modifications in Diphtheria Toxin. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:543-557. [PMID: 31678246 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diphtheria toxoid is produced by detoxification of diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. This study was performed to elucidate the chemical nature and location of formaldehyde-induced modifications in diphtheria toxoid. Diphtheria toxin was chemically modified using 4 different reactions with the following reagents: (1) formaldehyde and NaCNBH3, (2) formaldehyde, (3) formaldehyde and NaCNBH3 followed by formaldehyde and glycine, and (4) formaldehyde and glycine. The modifications were studied by SDS-PAGE, primary amino group determination, and liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry of chymotryptic digests. Reaction 1 resulted in quantitative dimethylation of all lysine residues. Reaction 2 caused intramolecular cross-links, including the NAD+-binding cavity and the receptor-binding site. Moreover, A fragments and B fragments were cross-linked by formaldehyde on part of the diphtheria toxoid molecules. Reaction 3 resulted in formaldehyde-glycine attachments, including in shielded areas of the protein. The detoxification reaction typically used for vaccine preparation (reaction 4) resulted in a combination of intramolecular cross-links and formaldehyde-glycine attachments. Both the NAD+-binding cavity and the receptor-binding site of diphtheria toxin were chemically modified. Although CD4+ T-cell epitopes were affected to some extent, one universal CD4+ T-cell epitope remained almost completely unaltered by the treatment with formaldehyde and glycine.
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Hot CoFi Blot: A High-Throughput Colony-Based Screen for Identifying More Thermally Stable Protein Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31267459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9624-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Highly soluble and stable proteins are desirable for many different applications, from basic science to reaching a cancer patient in the form of a biological drug. For X-ray crystallography-where production of a protein crystal might take weeks and even months-a stable protein sample of high purity and concentration can greatly increase the chances of producing a well-diffracting crystal. For a patient receiving a specific protein drug, its safety, efficacy, and even cost are factors affected by its solubility and stability. Increased protein expression and protein stability can be achieved by randomly altering the coding sequence. As the number of mutants generated might be overwhelming, a powerful protein expression and stability screen is required. In this chapter, we describe a colony filtration technology, which allows us to screen random mutagenesis libraries for increased thermal stability-the Hot CoFi blot. We share how to create the random mutagenesis library, how to perform the Hot CoFi blot, and how to identify more thermally stable clones. We use the Tobacco Etch Virus protease as a target to exemplify the procedure.
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Moss BP, Cohen JA. The emergence of follow-on disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2019; 25:1560-1565. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458519845106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medication prices are a major contributor to the high cost of care for multiple sclerosis. Three generic glatiramer acetate products have regulatory approval in North America, Europe, or Latin America. The pending expiration of patents for other disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis creates the opportunity for development and regulatory approval of additional follow-on alternatives (generics or biosimilars), potentially providing lower prices and cost savings to payors and patients. However, the complexities of development, regulatory approval, and marketing of follow-on products have some important differences compared to those of new drugs. This topical review provides background and a status update on the development of follow-on disease-modifying medications to treat multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Moss
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cohen
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Taylor M, Khan S, Stapleton M, Wang J, Chen J, Wynn R, Yabe H, Chinen Y, Boelens JJ, Mason RW, Kubaski F, Horovitz DDG, Barth AL, Serafini M, Bernardo ME, Kobayashi H, Orii KE, Suzuki Y, Orii T, Tomatsu S. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Mucopolysaccharidoses: Past, Present, and Future. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:e226-e246. [PMID: 30772512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has proven to be a viable treatment option for a selected group of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), including those with MPS types I, II, IVA, VI, and VII. Early diagnosis and timely referral to an expert in MPS are critical, followed by a complete examination and evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including a transplantation physician. Treatment recommendations for MPS are based on multiple biological, sociological, and financial factors, including type of MPS, clinical severity, prognosis, present clinical signs and symptoms (disease stage), age at onset, rate of progression, family factors and expectations, financial burden, feasibility, availability, risks and benefits of available therapies such as HSCT, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), surgical interventions, and other supportive care. International collaboration and data review are critical to evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of HSCT for MPS. Collaborative efforts to assess HSCT for MPS have been ongoing since the first attempt at HSCT in a patient with MPS reported in 1981. The accumulation of data since then has made it possible to identify early outcomes (ie, transplantation outcomes) and long-term disease-specific outcomes resulting from HSCT. The recent identification of predictive factors and the development of innovative regimens have significantly improved the outcomes of both engraftment failure and transplantation-related mortality. Assessment of long-term outcomes has considered a variety of factors, including type of MPS, type of graft, age at transplantation, and stage of disease progression, among others. Studies on long-term outcomes are considered a key factor in the use of HSCT in patients with MPS. These studies have shown the effects and limitations of HSCT on improving disease manifestations and quality of life. In this review, we summarize the efficacy, side effects, risks, and cost of HSCT for each type of MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Taylor
- Department of Biomedical, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Deparment of Biological Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Department of Biomedical, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Molly Stapleton
- Department of Biomedical, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Deparment of Biological Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Wynn
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Cell Therapy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Chinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert W Mason
- Department of Biomedical, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Deparment of Biological Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de ClÃnicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology- Program Partnership Graduate in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), and National Institute of Populational Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dafne D G Horovitz
- Medical Genetics Department, National Institute of Women, Children, and Adolescent Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anneliese L Barth
- Medical Genetics Department, National Institute of Women, Children, and Adolescent Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pediatrics, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kenji E Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Biomedical, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Wildner S, Huber S, Regl C, Huber CG, Lohrig U, Gadermaier G. Aptamers as quality control tool for production, storage and biosimilarity of the anti-CD20 biopharmaceutical rituximab. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1111. [PMID: 30710098 PMCID: PMC6358617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed analysis of biopharmaceuticals is crucial for safety, efficacy and stability. Aptamers, which are folded, single-stranded oligonucleotides, can be used as surrogate antibodies to detect subtle conformational changes. We aimed to generate and assess DNA aptamers against the therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Six rituximab-specific aptamers with Kd = 354-887 nM were obtained using the magnetic bead-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. Aptamer folds were analysed by online prediction tools and circular dichroism spectroscopy suggesting quadruplex structures for two aptamers while others present B-DNA helices. Aptamer binding and robustness with respect to minor differences in buffer composition or aptamer folding were verified in the enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay. Five aptamers showed exclusive specificity to the Fab-fragment of rituximab while one aptamer revealed a broader recognition pattern to other monoclonal antibodies. Structural differences upon incubation at 40 °C for 72 h or UV exposure of rituximab were uncovered by four aptamers. High similarity between rituximab originator and biosimilar lots was demonstrated. The most sensitive aptamer (RA2) detected signal changes for all lots of a copy product suggesting conformational differences. For the first time, a panel of rituximab-specific aptamers was generated allowing the assessment of conformational coherence during production, storage, and biosimilarity of different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wildner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Urs Lohrig
- Technical Development Biosimilars, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Content/Potency Assessment of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type-A by Validated Liquid Chromatography Methods and Bioassays. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010035. [PMID: 30642048 PMCID: PMC6356430 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNTA) is one of the seven different serotypes (A to G) produced by Clostridium botulinum. A stability-indicating size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method was developed and validated, and the specificity was confirmed by forced degradation study, interference of the excipients, and peaks purity. The method was applied to assess the content and high-molecular-weight (HMW) forms of BoNTA in biopharmaceutical products, and the results were compared with those of the LD50 mouse bioassay, the T−47D cell culture assay, and the reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) method, giving mean values of 0.71% higher, 0.36% lower, and 0.87% higher, respectively. Aggregated forms showed significant effects on cytotoxicity, as well as a decrease in the bioactivity (p < 0.05). The employment of the proposed method in conjunction with the optimized analytical technologies for the analysis of the intact and altered forms of the biotechnology-derived medicines, in the correlation studies, enabled the demonstration of the capability of each one of the methods and allowed for great improvements, thereby assuring their safe and effective use.
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Janvier S, De Spiegeleer B, Vanhee C, Deconinck E. Falsification of biotechnology drugs: current dangers and/or future disasters? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:175-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Quantitation of the monoclonal antibody Denosumab by bioassay and validated LC methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sankaran PK, Kabadi PG, Honnappa CG, Subbarao M, Pai HV, Adhikary L, Palanivelu DV. Identification and quantification of product-related quality attributes in bio-therapeutic monoclonal antibody via a simple, and robust cation-exchange HPLC method compatible with direct online detection of UV and native ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:83-95. [PMID: 30380467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern analytical ion-exchange chromatography is one of the conventional tools used for assessment of product-related quality attributes in bio-therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we present an approach to resolve, identify, and quantify product-related substances of therapeutic mAb at its intact molecular level by cation exchange (CIEX) HPLC coupled directly to electrospray ionization - quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). This method utilizes pH gradient elution mode comprised of ammonium formate buffer components, and a weak cation exchange column as stationary phase. Furthermore, ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) provided additional insights on its higher order structure. Also, orthogonal assays such as conventional CIEX-HPLC, high resolution capillary isoelectric focusing, peptide mapping, spectroscopic, and fluorescence methods were used considerably to support the findings. Additionally, an in vitro assay was included to assess the associated impact on Fc mediated function. Overall, the developed method with simultaneous detection of UV peak area percentage at 280 nm and native ESI-MS is found to be a rapid and robust analytical tool for direct assessment of structural and purity attributes, process optimization, product development, and to decipher the relevant role of micro-variants on quality, stability, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kallamvalliillam Sankaran
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India.
| | - Pradeep G Kabadi
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Chethan Gejjalagere Honnappa
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Malini Subbarao
- Bioassay Development Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Harish V Pai
- Bioassay Development Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Laxmi Adhikary
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Dinesh V Palanivelu
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
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Zhuang Y, Chen D, Sharma A, Xu Z. Risk-Based Comparability Assessment for Monoclonal Antibodies During Drug Development: A Clinical Pharmacology Perspective. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:109. [PMID: 30324224 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to complexities in the structure, function, and manufacturing process of antibody-based therapeutic proteins, comparability assessment for supporting manufacturing changes can sometimes be a challenging task. Regulatory guidance recommends a hierarchical risk-based approach, starting with Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) analytical characterizations, followed by non-clinical and/or clinical studies to ensure that any potential changes in quality attributes have no adverse impact on efficacy and safety of the product. This review focuses on the changes in quality attributes which may potentially affect the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) product, and provides general guidelines in designing non-clinical and clinical PK/PD studies to help support comparability assessments. A decision tree for comparability assessment is proposed depending on the nature of the changes in quality attributes, the potential impact of such changes, and the timing of the manufacturing change relative to the development process. Ideally, the optimization of manufacturing process should take place in the early stage of drug development (i.e., preclinical to phase 2a) as more stringent comparability criteria would have to be met if manufacturing changes occur in the late stage of drug development (i.e., phase 2b and after), and consequently, major changes in manufacturing process should be avoided during confirmatory phase 3 studies and post-approval of drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhuang
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Amarnath Sharma
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA.
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Toprani VM, Cheng Y, Wahome N, Khasa H, Kueltzo LA, Schwartz RM, Middaugh CR, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Structural Characterization and Formulation Development of a Trivalent Equine Encephalitis Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2544-2558. [PMID: 29883665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The zoonotic equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs) can cause debilitating and life-threatening disease, leading to ongoing vaccine development efforts for an effective virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on 3 strains of EEV (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan or EEE, WEE and VEE VLPs, respectively). In this work, transmission electron microscopy and light scattering studies showed enveloped, spherical, and ∼70 nm sized VLPs. Biophysical studies demonstrated optimal VLP physical stability in the pH range of 7.5-8.5 and at temperatures below ∼50°C. Interestingly, the individual stability profiles differed notably between the 3 VLPs. Numerous pharmaceutical excipients were screened for their VLP stabilizing effects against thermal stress. Sucrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride, and pluronic F-68 were identified as promising stabilizers and the concentrations and combinations of these additives were optimized. Candidate monovalent VLP bulk formulations were incubated at temperatures ranging from -80°C to 40°C to establish freeze-thaw, long-term (2°C-8°C) and accelerated stability trends. Good VLP stability profiles were observed at each storage temperature, except for a distinct instability observed at -20°C. The interaction of monovalent and trivalent VLP formulations with aluminum adjuvants was examined, both in terms of antigen adsorption and desorption over time. The implications of these findings on future vaccine formulation development of EEV VLPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Toprani
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Newton Wahome
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Harshit Khasa
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Lisa A Kueltzo
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard M Schwartz
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Clonal variation in productivity and proteolytic clipping of an Fc-fusion protein in CHO cells: Proteomic analysis suggests a role for defective protein folding and the UPR. J Biotechnol 2018; 281:21-30. [PMID: 29860056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Product degradation, such as clipping, is a common quality issue in the production of Fc-fusion proteins from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Degradation of proteins is mainly due to the action of either intracellular or extracellular host cell proteases. This study was carried out to understand more fundamentally the intracellular events that may play a role in determining why cell lines from the same cell line development project can vary with regards to the extent of Fc-fusion protein clipping. The cell lines that displayed the highest levels of clipping also produced less product than the cell lines with a lower level of clipping. In this study we applied differential quantitative label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis to group clonally-derived cell lines (CDCLs) based on the level of clipping of the Fc-fusion protein. The analysis was carried out over two times points in culture and clones were designated as either having 'high' or 'low' clipping phenotypes. We have identified 200 differentially expressed proteins using quantitative label-free LC-MS/MS analysis between the two experimental groups. Functional assessment of the resultant proteomic data using Gene Ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of biological processes and molecular functions related to protein folding, response to unfolded protein and protein translation. The levels of several proteases were also increased. This study identified protein targets that could be modified using cell line engineering approaches to improve the quality of recombinant Fc-fusion protein production in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Mazzoccanti G, Pierri G, Ciogli A, Ismail OH, Giorgi F, De Santis R, Villani C, Gasparrini F. Stepwise “bridge-to-bridge” reduction of monoclonal antibodies and light chain detection: Case studies of tenatumomab and trastuzumab. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Omar H. Ismail
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; Roma Italy
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Nshanian M, Lakshmanan R, Chen H, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Loo JA. Enhancing Sensitivity of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Peptides and Proteins Using Supercharging Agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 427:157-164. [PMID: 29750076 PMCID: PMC5937529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is often used as a mobile phase modifier to enhance reversed phase chromatographic performance. TFA adjusts solution pH and is an ion-pairing agent, but it is not typically suitable for electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and liquid chromatography/MS (LC/MS) because of its significant signal suppression. Supercharging agents elevate peptide and protein charge states in ESI, increasing tandem MS (MS/MS) efficiency. Here, LC/MS protein supercharging was effected by adding agents to LC mobile phase solvents. Significantly, the ionization suppression generally observed with TFA was, for the most part, rescued by supercharging agents, with improved separation efficiency (higher number of theoretical plates) and lowered detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nshanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rajeswari Lakshmanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Molecular Biology Institute, and UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Molecular Biology Institute, and UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Lee YF, Jöhnck M, Frech C. Evaluation of differences between dual salt-pH gradient elution and mono gradient elution using a thermodynamic model: Simultaneous separation of six monoclonal antibody charge and size variants on preparative-scale ion exchange chromatographic resin. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:973-986. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Matthias Jöhnck
- Department of Process Solutions, Actives & Formulation; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
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Beckman J, Song Y, Gu Y, Voronov S, Chennamsetty N, Krystek S, Mussa N, Li ZJ. Purity Determination by Capillary Electrophoresis Sodium Hexadecyl Sulfate (CE-SHS): A Novel Application For Therapeutic Protein Characterization. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2542-2547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Beckman
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Yan Gu
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Sergey Voronov
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Naresh Chennamsetty
- Biophysical
Characterization Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington
Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Stanley Krystek
- Drug
Discovery Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and
Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Nesredin Mussa
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
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Benucci M, Damiani A, Li Gobbi F, Bandinelli F, Infantino M, Grossi V, Manfredi M, Noguier G, Meacci F. Correlation between HLA haplotypes and the development of antidrug antibodies in a cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases. Biologics 2018; 12:37-41. [PMID: 29430171 PMCID: PMC5797458 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s145941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and the development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) in a cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases. Patients and methods We evaluated the presence of ADAs in 248 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases after 6 months of treatment with anti-TNF drugs: 26 patients were treated with infliximab (IFX; three with rheumatoid arthritis [RA], 13 with ankylosing spondylitis [AS], 10 with psoriatic arthritis [PsA]); 83 treated with adalimumab (ADA; 24 with RA, 36 with AS, 23 with PsA); 88 treated with etanercept (ETA; 35 with RA, 27 with AS, 26 with PsA); 32 treated with certolizumab (CERT; 25 with RA, two with AS, five with PsA); and 19 treated with golimumab (GOL; three with RA, seven with AS, nine with PsA). Serum drug and ADA levels were determined using Lisa-Tracker Duo, the ADA-positive samples underwent an inhibition test, and the true-positive samples underwent genetic HLA typing. To have a homogeneous control population, we also performed genetic HLA typing of 11 ADA-negative patients. Results After inhibition test, the frequency of ADAs was 2/26 patients treated with IFX (7.69%), 4/83 treated with ADA (4.81%), 0/88 treated with ETA (0%), 4/32 treated with CERT (12.5%), and 1/19 treated with GOL (5.26%). The frequency of HLA alleles in the examined patients was HLA-DRβ-11 0.636, HLA-DQ-03 0.636, and HLA-DQ-05 0.727. The estimated relative risks between the ADA-positive patients and the ADA-negative patients were HLA-DRβ-11 2.528 (95% CI 0.336-19.036), HLA-DQ-03 1.750 (95% CI 0.289-10.581), and HLA-DQ-05 2.424 (95% CI 0.308-15.449). Conclusion This is the first study that shows an association between HLA and genetic factors associated with the occurrence of ADAs in patients with rheumatic diseases, but the number of samples is too small to draw any definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, USL-Toscana Centro, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, USL-Toscana Centro, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, USL-Toscana Centro, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Meacci
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, USL-Toscana Centro, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Florence, Italy
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50
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Parekh BS, Srivastava A, Sundaram S, Ching-Heish M, Goldstein J, Barry M, Zhou Q. Correlating charge heterogeneity data generated by agarose gel isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1073:1-9. [PMID: 29232605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An isoelectric focusing method (IEF) has been used to assess the charge heterogeneity profile of a monoclonal antibody during the early stages of product development. A more precise and sensitive ion exchange chromatography (IEC/CEX) method was developed and implemented as development progressed and was used concurrently with IEF for lot release and to monitor charge heterogeneity. Charge variants resolved by both methods (IEC and IEF) were purified and characterized. Tryptic peptide mapping and N- linked oligosaccharide profile analyses of the IEC and IEF fractions indicated a structural correlation between the charge variants separated by these two methods. The major sources of molecular heterogeneity were due to the variation in the sialyated carbohydrate structure and heavy chain C-terminal lysine truncation. By monitoring the rates of change in the charge heterogeneity profiles of the monoclonal antibody stored at elevated temperatures by the IEC and IEF methods, a positive correlation between the two methods was established. This approach enabled replacement of the IEF method with the more precise IEC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Saxena Parekh
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Arvind Srivastava
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Shanmuuga Sundaram
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States.
| | - Ming Ching-Heish
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Joel Goldstein
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Michael Barry
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Qinwei Zhou
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
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