1
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Maiti S, Picard D. Cytosolic Hsp90 Isoform-Specific Functions and Clinical Significance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1166. [PMID: 36139005 PMCID: PMC9496497 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone and a key regulator of proteostasis under both physiological and stress conditions. In mammals, there are two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms: Hsp90α and Hsp90β. These two isoforms are 85% identical and encoded by two different genes. Hsp90β is constitutively expressed and essential for early mouse development, while Hsp90α is stress-inducible and not necessary for survivability. These two isoforms are known to have largely overlapping functions and to interact with a large fraction of the proteome. To what extent there are isoform-specific functions at the protein level has only relatively recently begun to emerge. There are studies indicating that one isoform is more involved in the functionality of a specific tissue or cell type. Moreover, in many diseases, functionally altered cells appear to be more dependent on one particular isoform. This leaves space for designing therapeutic strategies in an isoform-specific way, which may overcome the unfavorable outcome of pan-Hsp90 inhibition encountered in previous clinical trials. For this to succeed, isoform-specific functions must be understood in more detail. In this review, we summarize the available information on isoform-specific functions of mammalian Hsp90 and connect it to possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland
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2
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Li L, Chen NN, You QD, Xu XL. An updated patent review of anticancer Hsp90 inhibitors (2013-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:67-80. [PMID: 32990109 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1829595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the most critical chaperones amenable to mediating the folding and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. In normal cells, Hsp90 chaperone cycle is required for regulating multiple cellular processes to maintain homeostasis. However, extremely overexpressed Hsp90 in neoplastic cells results in the dysregulation of client proteins, many of which are indispensable to the accumulation of cancer hallmarks, such as infinite proliferation and increased invasiveness. Consequently, modulation of Hsp90 activity has been considered as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED This review recapitulated recent patents' progress in the development of Hsp90 inhibitors with potent antitumor activities during 2013 to present. Besides, the structural-activity relationships of the patented inhibitors and their structural similarity were also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Hsp90, as an anticancer target, has been investigated for several decades. The first generation of Hsp90 inhibitors exhibited potent antitumor activities in preclinical trials but were trapped in different phases of clinical trials. The second generation of Hsp90 inhibitors has been identified with increased specificity and security through structure modification. Moreover, these inhibitors may offer opportunities for studies of Hsp90 chaperone and development of Hsp90 inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China
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3
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Zhu S, Shen Q, Gao Y, Wang L, Fang Y, Chen Y, Lu W. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of HSP90 Inhibitor–SN38 Conjugates for Targeted Drug Accumulation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5421-5441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yinglei Gao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
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4
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Gong Y, Wang C, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Feng S, Fu Y, Luo Y. Metformin Inhibits Tumor Metastasis through Suppressing Hsp90α Secretion in an AMPKα1-PKCγ Dependent Manner. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010144. [PMID: 31936169 PMCID: PMC7016760 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been documented in epidemiological studies to mitigate tumor progression. Previous reports show that metformin inhibits tumor migration in several cell lines, such as MCF-7 and H1299, but the mechanisms whereby metformin exerts its inhibitory effects on tumor metastasis remain largely unknown. The secreted proteins in cancer cell-derived secretome have been reported to play important roles in tumor metastasis, but whether metformin has an effect on tumor secretome remains unclear. Here we show that metformin inhibits tumor metastasis by suppressing Hsp90α (heat shock protein 90α) secretion. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and functional validation identify that eHsp90α (extracellular Hsp90α) is one of the most important secreted proteins for metformin to inhibit tumor cells migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we find that metformin inhibits Hsp90α secretion in an AMPKα1 dependent manner. Our data elucidate that AMPKα1 (AMP-activated protein kinase α1) decreases the phosphorylation level of Hsp90α by inhibiting the kinase activity of PKCγ (protein kinase Cγ), which suppresses the membrane translocation and secretion of Hsp90α. Collectively, our results illuminate that metformin inhibits tumor metastasis by suppressing Hsp90α secretion in an AMPKα1 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Gong
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaosen Zhang
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shi Feng
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Fu
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.G.); (C.W.); (Y.J.); (S.Z.); (S.F.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6277-2897; Fax: +86-10-6279-4691
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5
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Biebl MM, Buchner J. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Hsp90 Machinery. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034017. [PMID: 30745292 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation of a plethora of substrates ("clients"), including protein kinases, transcription factors, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, positioning Hsp90 as a central regulator of cellular proteostasis. Hsp90 undergoes large conformational changes during its ATPase cycle. The processing of clients by cytosolic Hsp90 is assisted by a cohort of cochaperones that affect client recruitment, Hsp90 ATPase function or conformational rearrangements in Hsp90. Because of the importance of Hsp90 in regulating central cellular pathways, strategies for the pharmacological inhibition of the Hsp90 machinery in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are being developed. In this review, we summarize recent structural and mechanistic progress in defining the function of organelle-specific and cytosolic Hsp90, including the impact of individual cochaperones on the maturation of specific clients and complexes with clients as well as ways of exploiting Hsp90 as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Huang L, Wei G, Sun X, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Huang Y, Shen Y, Xu X, Liao Y, Zhao C. A tumor-targeted Ganetespib-zinc phthalocyanine conjugate for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Ross C, Upfold N, Luke GA, Bishop ÖT, Knox C. Subcellular localisation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) capsid subunit VP1 vis-á-vis host protein Hsp90. Virus Res 2016; 222:53-63. [PMID: 27269472 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The VP1 subunit of the picornavirus capsid is the major antigenic determinant and mediates host cell attachment and virus entry. To investigate the localisation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) VP1 during infection, a bioinformatics approach was used to predict a surface-exposed, linear epitope region of the protein for subsequent expression and purification. This region, comprising the N-terminal 112 amino acids of the protein, was then used for rabbit immunisation, and the resultant polyclonal antibodies were able to recognise full length VP1 in infected cell lysates by Western blot. Following optimisation, the antibodies were used to investigate the localisation of VP1 in relation to Hsp90 in infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. At 5h post infection, VP1 was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm with strong perinuclear staining but was absent from the nucleus of all cells analysed. Dual-label immunofluorescence using anti-TMEV VP1 and anti-Hsp90 antibodies indicated that the distribution of both proteins colocalised in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region of infected cells. This is the first report describing the localisation of TMEV VP1 in infected cells, and the antibodies produced provide a valuable tool for investigating the poorly understood mechanisms underlying the early steps of picornavirus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ross
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Nicole Upfold
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Garry A Luke
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Scotland KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Caroline Knox
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
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8
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Yang J, Liu W, Lu X, Fu Y, Li L, Luo Y. High expression of small GTPase Rab3D promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11125-38. [PMID: 25823663 PMCID: PMC4484444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases control exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking such as exosomes release. As a secretory small GTPase, Rab3D is a vital regulator for protein secretion. However, the role of Rab3D in cancer was never systematically studied. The aim of this study is to examine its function and mechanism in cancer, especially metastasis. We detected protein levels of Rab3D in nine cancer cell lines and twelve types of clinical cancer specimens. Subsequently, we established in vitro migration and in vivo orthotopic metastatic mouse models to study the role of Rab3D in tumor metastasis. Here, we reported that the expression levels of Rab3D were dysregulated in cancer cells and highly correlated with tumor malignancies in the clinical samples. Increased expressions of Rab3D led to tumor invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo, whereas Rab3D knockdown suppressed the tumor cell motility. Mechanistic studies revealed that Rab3D activated intracellular the AKT/GSK3β signaling to induce the EMT process. In addition, it also regulated the extracellular secretion of Hsp90α to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. These results prove that Rab3D is a key molecule to regulate tumor metastasis, suggesting that blocking the Rab3D function can be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin'an Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly expressed chaperone that modulates the function and stability of hundreds of cellular client proteins. In this capacity, Hsp90 impacts human health in myriad ways and it is accordingly a high-interest molecular target in the oncology setting. This interest has led to a large number of clinical trials to evaluate the potential benefit of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer treatment and, more recently, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Although these studies are still ongoing, some issues have arisen, such as toxicity effects associated with administration of these agents. We and others have identified a novel role for Hsp90 outside of cancer cells. This extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) was shown to be critical for the regulation of tumor invasiveness and metastasis, central processes associated with cancer lethality. Since these initial papers, a considerable cohort of studies has expanded upon this role, implicating eHsp90 in the activation of a number of proteins that support tumor cell invasion. As eHsp90 is preferentially detected on the surface of tumor cells, and within their surrounding microenvironment, it is possible that drugs capable of selectively targeting eHsp90 may exploit this differential expression. This selectivity may, in turn, enable treatment regimens with reduced target-related toxicity. This review will focus on our current understanding of eHsp90, particularly in cancer, and we will discuss the relevance of eHsp90 as a biomarker for invasive cancer and its potential as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senh Wong
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Jay
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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10
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Yang J, Song X, Chen Y, Lu XA, Fu Y, Luo Y. PLCγ1-PKCγ signaling-mediated Hsp90α plasma membrane translocation facilitates tumor metastasis. Traffic 2014; 15:861-78. [PMID: 24899266 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90α) has been identified on the surface of cancer cells, and is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis, suggesting that it is a potentially important target for tumor therapy. However, the regulatory mechanism of Hsp90α plasma membrane translocation during tumor invasion remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Hsp90α plasma membrane expression is selectively upregulated upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which is a process independent of the extracellular matrix. Abrogation of EGF-mediated activation of phospholipase (PLCγ1) by its siRNA or inhibitor prevents the accumulation of Hsp90α at cell protrusions. Inhibition of the downstream effectors of PLCγ1, including Ca(2+) and protein kinase C (PKCγ), also blocks the membrane translocation of Hsp90α, while activation of PKCγ leads to increased levels of cell-surface Hsp90α. Moreover, overexpression of PKCγ increases extracellular vesicle release, on which Hsp90α is present. Furthermore, activation or overexpression of PKCγ promotes tumor cell motility in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas a specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody against Hsp90α inhibits such effects, demonstrating that PKCγ-induced Hsp90α translocation is required for tumor metastasis. Taken together, our study provides a mechanistic basis for the role for the PLCγ1-PKCγ pathway in regulating Hsp90α plasma membrane translocation, which facilitates tumor cell motility and promotes tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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An Impermeant Ganetespib Analog Inhibits Extracellular Hsp90-Mediated Cancer Cell Migration that Involves Lysyl Oxidase 2-like Protein. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1031-46. [PMID: 24785146 PMCID: PMC4074815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) activates a number of client proteins outside of cancer cells required for migration and invasion. Therefore, eHsp90 may serve as a novel target for anti-metastatic drugs as its inhibition using impermeant Hsp90 inhibitors would not affect the numerous vital intracellular Hsp90 functions in normal cells. While some eHsp90 clients are known, it is important to establish other proteins that act outside the cell to validate eHsp90 as a drug target to limit cancer spread. Using mass spectrometry we identified two precursor proteins Galectin 3 binding protein (G3BP) and Lysyl oxidase 2-like protein (LOXL2) that associate with eHsp90 in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell conditioned media and confirmed that LOXL2 binds to eHsp90 in immunoprecipitates. We introduce a novel impermeant Hsp90 inhibitor STA-12-7191 derived from ganetespib and show that it is markedly less toxic to cells and can inhibit cancer cell migration in a dose dependent manner. We used STA-12-7191 to test if LOXL2 and G3BP are potential eHsp90 clients. We showed that while LOXL2 can increase wound healing and compensate for STA-12-7191-mediated inhibition of wound closure, addition of G3BP had no affect on this assay. These findings support of role for LOXL2 in eHsp90 stimulated cancer cell migration and provide preliminary evidence for the use of STA-12-7191 to inhibit eHsp90 to limit cancer invasion.
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12
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Ermini L, Bhattacharjee J, Spagnoletti A, Bechi N, Aldi S, Ferretti C, Bianchi L, Bini L, Rosati F, Paulesu L, Ietta F. Oxygen governs Galβ1-3GalNAc epitope in human placenta. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C931-40. [PMID: 23948708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00407.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the dynamics of glycans reflect the physiological state of cells involved in several cell functions including growth, response to signal molecules, migration, as well as adhesion to, interaction with, and recognition of other cells. The presence of glycoconjugates in human placenta suggests their major role in maternal-fetal exchanges, intercellular adhesion, cellular metabolism, and villous vessel branching. Although several studies have described glycoconjugate distribution in the human placenta descriptions of their physiological function and control mechanisms during placental development are lacking. In this study we investigated the developmental distribution and regulation of placental core 1 O- and N-glycans focusing on early and late first trimester human pregnancy. To define the control mechanisms of the oligosaccharide chains during early placentation process, chorionic villous explants and human trophoblast cell lines were exposed to various oxygen levels. We found that oxygen tension regulates changes in core-1 O-glycan (the disaccharide Galβ1-3GalNAc) epitope expression levels. Moreover, by double affinity chromatography and subsequent analysis with mass spectrometry, we identified in the heat shock protein 90-α (HSP90α) a good candidate as carrier of the Galβ1-3GalNAc epitope at low oxygen tension. Our results support a fundamental role of oxygen tension in modulating glycosylation of proteins during placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and
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13
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Solár P, Sytkowski AJ. Differentially expressed genes associated with cisplatin resistance in human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line A2780. Cancer Lett 2011; 309:11-8. [PMID: 21676537 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells are usually initially sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, such as cisplatin (CDDP), but typically become resistant over time. Such drug resistance is a serious impediment to successful disease treatment, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance are not fully understood. In search of novel mechanisms that may lead to the development of CDDP chemoresistance, we used subtractive hybridization to identify differentially expressed genes in CDDP resistant CP70 and C200 cells vs. CDDP sensitive A2780 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. We analyzed 256 randomly selected clones. Subtraction efficiency was determined by dot blot and DNA sequencing. Confirmation of differentially expressed cDNAs was done by virtual northern blot analysis, and 17 genes that were differentially expressed in CDDP resistant cell lines vs. CDDP sensitive A2780 cells were identified. The expression of 10 of these genes was low or undetectable in sensitive A2780 cells in comparison to resistant cells and an additional seven genes were more highly expressed in resistant CP70 and C200 vs. A2780 cells. Our identified genes are involved in numerous and diverse cellular processes, such as inhibition of apoptosis (ARHGDIB), stress response (HSPCA, TRA1), chromatin condensation (CNAP1, RanBP2), invasiveness of cells (MMP10), alteration of Ca(2+) homeostasis (ASPH, ATP2B1) and others. Further characterization of these genes and gene products should yield important insights into the biology of CDDP resistance in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Institute of Biology & Ecology, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
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14
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Newcomer RG, Moussallem MD, Keller TCS, Schlenoff JB, Sang QXA. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cell responses to bioactive polyelectrolyte multilayer interfaces. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 2011:854068. [PMID: 21350669 PMCID: PMC3042685 DOI: 10.4061/2011/854068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, mature human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) exhibit a "contractile" phenotype marked by low rates of proliferation and protein synthesis, but these cells possess the remarkable ability to dedifferentiate into a "synthetic" phenotype when stimulated by conditions of pathologic stress. A variety of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEMU) films are shown here to exhibit bioactive properties that induce distinct responses from cultured hCASMCs. Surfaces terminated with Nafion or poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) induce changes in the expression and organization of intracellular proteins, while a hydrophilic, zwitterionic copolymer of acrylic acid and 3-[2-(acrylamido)-ethyl dimethylammonio] propane sulfonate (PAA-co-PAEDAPS) is resistant to cell attachment and suppresses the formation of key cytoskeletal components. Differential expression of heat shock protein 90 and actin is observed, in terms of both their magnitude and cellular localization, and distinct cytoplasmic patterns of vimentin are seen. The ionophore A23187 induces contraction in confluent hCASMC cultures on Nafion-terminated surfaces. These results demonstrate that PEMU coatings exert direct effects on the cytoskeletal organization of attaching hCASMCs, impeding growth in some cases, inducing changes consistent with phenotypic modulation in others, and suggesting potential utility for PEMU surfaces as a coating for coronary artery stents and other implantable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Newcomer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, 3501 Chemical Sciences Laboratory Building, 102 Varsity Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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15
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Lin TY, Chang JTC, Wang HM, Chan SH, Chiu CC, Lin CY, Fan KH, Liao CT, Chen IH, Liu TZ, Li HF, Cheng AJ. Proteomics of the radioresistant phenotype in head-and-neck cancer: Gp96 as a novel prediction marker and sensitizing target for radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:246-56. [PMID: 20615631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is an integral part of the treatment modality for head-neck cancer (HNC), but in some cases the disease is radioresistant. We designed this study to identify molecules that may be involved in this resistance. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two radioresistant sublines were established by fractionated irradiation of the HNC cell lines, to determine differentially proteins between parental and radioresistant cells. Proteomic analysis and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to identify and confirm the differential proteins. The siRNA knockdown experiments were applied to examine cellular functions of a radioresistant gene, with investigation of the alterations in colonogenic survival, cell cycle status, and reactive oxygen species levels. Xenografted mouse tumors were studied to validate the results. RESULTS IN all, 64 proteins were identified as being potentially associated with radioresistance, which are involved in several cellular pathways, including regulation of stimulus response, cell apoptosis, and glycolysis. Six genes were confirmed to be differentially expressed in both radioresistant sublines, with Gp96, Grp78, HSP60, Rab40B, and GDF-15 upregulated, and annexin V downregulated. Gp96 was further investigated for its functions in response to radiation. Gp96-siRNA transfectants displayed a radiation-induced growth delay, reduction in colonogenic survival, increased cellular reactive oxygen species levels, and increased proportion of the cells in the G2/M phase. Xenograft mice administered Gp96-siRNA showed significantly enhanced growth suppression in comparison with radiation treatment alone (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS We identified 64 proteins and verified 6 genes that are potentially involved in the radioresistant phenotype. We further demonstrated that Gp96 knockdown enhances radiosensitivity both in cells and in vivo, which may lead to a better prognosis of HNC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yang Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Wen KW, Damania B. Hsp90 and Hsp40/Erdj3 are required for the expression and anti-apoptotic function of KSHV K1. Oncogene 2010; 29:3532-44. [PMID: 20418907 PMCID: PMC2908282 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a member of the gammaherpesvirus family. It is the etiological agent of three different human cancers, Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease. The far left end of the KSHV genome encodes a unique transmembrane glycoprotein called K1. K1 possesses the ability to transform rodent fibroblasts and block apoptosis. K1 has also been shown to activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in different cells. Using tandem affinity purification, we identified heat shock protein 90beta (Hsp90beta) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated Hsp40 (Erdj3/DnaJB11), as cellular binding partners of K1. Interactions of K1 with Hsp90beta and Hsp40 were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in both directions. Furthermore, K1 also interacted with the Hsp90alpha isoform. We report that small-interfering RNAs directed against Hsp90 and Hsp40/Erdj3, as well as pharmacological inhibitors of Hsp90, dramatically reduced K1 expression, suggesting that K1 is a client protein of these chaperones. In addition, both Hsp90 and Hsp40/Erdj3 were essential for K1's anti-apoptotic function. Finally, we report that the Hsp90 inhibitors, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG, can suppress the proliferation of KSHV-positive PEL cell lines and exhibited IC(50) values of 50 nM and below.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Wen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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17
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Koo BH, Apte SS. Cell-surface processing of the metalloprotease pro-ADAMTS9 is influenced by the chaperone GRP94/gp96. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:197-205. [PMID: 19875450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.039677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 9 (ADAMTS9) is a highly conserved metalloprotease that has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene and is required for normal mouse development. The secreted ADAMTS9 zymogen undergoes proteolytic excision of its N-terminal propeptide by the proprotein convertase furin. However, in contrast to other metalloproteases, propeptide excision occurs at the cell surface and leads to decreased activity of the zymogen. Here, we investigated the potential cellular mechanisms regulating ADAMTS9 biosynthesis and cell-surface processing by analysis of molecular complexes formed by a construct containing the propeptide and catalytic domain of pro-ADAMTS9 (Pro-Cat) in HEK293F cells. Cross-linking of cellular proteins bound to Pro-Cat followed by mass spectrometric analysis identified UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase I, heat shock protein gp96 (GRP94), BiP (GRP78), and ERdj3 (Hsp40 homolog) as associated proteins. gp96 and BiP were present at the cell surface in an immunoprecipitable complex with pro-ADAMTS9 and furin. Treatment with geldanamycin, an inhibitor of the HSP90alpha family (including gp96), led to decreased furin processing of pro-ADAMTS9 and accumulation of the unprocessed pro-ADAMTS9 at the cell surface. gp96 siRNA down-regulated the levels of cell-surface pro-ADAMTS9 and furin, whereas the levels of cell-surface pro-ADAMTS9, but not of cell-surface furin, were decreased upon treatment with BiP siRNA. These data identify for the first time the cellular chaperones associated with secretion of an ADAMTS protease and suggest a role for gp96 in modulating pro-ADAMTS9 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hun Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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18
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Acute pancreatitis: hypertonic saline increases heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and reduces neutrophil infiltration in lung injury. Pancreas 2009; 38:507-14. [PMID: 19346995 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31819fef75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute pancreatitis (AP) protease release induces lung parenchymal destruction via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte)-dependent process. Recent studies in hemorrhagic shock revealed that hypertonic saline (HTS) has an anti-inflammatory effect and can inhibit a variety of neutrophil functions. The aim of this study was to determine whether HTS and its actions in the pathway of neutrophil migration, MMPs, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are effective in protecting the lung from injury associated with AP. METHODS We determined neutrophil infiltration and expressions of MMPs and HSPs in the lung tissue after AP induced by retrograde infusion of 2.5% of sodium taurocholate. RESULTS Animals submitted to AP that received HTS compared with those who received normal saline presented with increased HSP70 and HSP90 expressions and reduced myeloperoxidase levels and MMP-9 expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data raised the hypothesis that a sequence of HTS lung protection events increases HSP70 and HSP90, inhibiting infiltration of neutrophils and their protease actions in the lung.
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Lange A, Kistler C, Jutzi TB, Bazhin AV, Klemke CD, Schadendorf D, Eichmüller SB. Detergent fractionation with subsequent subtractive suppression hybridization as a tool for identifying genes coding for plasma membrane proteins. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:527-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Huang SK, Darfler MM, Nicholl MB, You J, Bemis KG, Tegeler TJ, Wang M, Wery JP, Chong KK, Nguyen L, Scolyer RA, Hoon DSB. LC/MS-based quantitative proteomic analysis of paraffin-embedded archival melanomas reveals potential proteomic biomarkers associated with metastasis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4430. [PMID: 19221597 PMCID: PMC2637971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma metastasis status is highly associated with the overall survival of patients; yet, little is known about proteomic changes during melanoma tumor progression. To better understand the changes in protein expression involved in melanoma progression and metastasis, and to identify potential biomarkers, we conducted a global quantitative proteomic analysis on archival metastatic and primary melanomas. Methodology and Findings A total of 16 metastatic and 8 primary cutaneous melanomas were assessed. Proteins were extracted from laser captured microdissected formalin fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissues by liquefying tissue cells. These preparations were analyzed by a LC/MS-based label-free protein quantification method. More than 1500 proteins were identified in the tissue lysates with a peptide ID confidence level of >75%. This approach identified 120 significant changes in protein levels. These proteins were identified from multiple peptides with high confidence identification and were expressed at significantly different levels in metastases as compared with primary melanomas (q-Value<0.05). Conclusions and Significance The differentially expressed proteins were classified by biological process or mapped into biological system networks, and several proteins were implicated by these analyses as cancer- or metastasis-related. These proteins represent potential biomarkers for tumor progression. The study successfully identified proteins that are differentially expressed in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of metastatic and primary melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K. Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Marlene M. Darfler
- Expression Pathology, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Nicholl
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Jinsam You
- Monarch LifeSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kerry G. Bemis
- Monarch LifeSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tony J. Tegeler
- Monarch LifeSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mu Wang
- Monarch LifeSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jean-Pierre Wery
- Monarch LifeSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kelly K. Chong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Linhda Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Sydney Melanoma Unit, Sydney Cancer Center, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abramson JS, Chen W, Juszczynski P, Takahashi H, Neuberg D, Kutok JL, Takeyama K, Shipp MA. The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor IPI-504 induces apoptosis of AKT-dependent diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2008; 144:358-66. [PMID: 19036086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that stabilizes critical client proteins in multiple cancers. Gene expression profiling was utilized to characterize HSP90 isoform expression in primary human diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). HSP90 alpha and beta isoforms were differentially expressed in subsets of tumours defined by their transcriptional profiles. Thereafter, we assessed the activity of the HSP90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in an extensive panel of DLBCL cell lines. IPI-504, which interacts with the conserved ATP-binding site in both HSP90 isoforms, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the majority of DLBCL cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. IPI-504-sensitive cell lines expressed high levels of the HSP90 client protein, pAKT, and exhibited dose-dependent decreases in pAKT levels following IPI-504 treatment and significantly reduced proliferation following AKT RNAi. Furthermore, the combination of low-dose (<1 micromol/l) IPI-504 and the AKT/Pi3K pathway inhibitor, LY24009, was synergistic in IPI-504-sensitive DLBCL cell lines. Low-dose IPI-504 was also synergistic with the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. The HSP90 inhibitor IPI-504 warrants further investigation in DLBCL alone and in combination with identified client protein inhibitors and active chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Abramson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Doucet A, Butler GS, Rodriáguez D, Prudova A, Overall CM. Metadegradomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1925-51. [DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r800012-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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23
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Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has important functions in maintaining genome stability via its role in mitosis. Because PLK1 is up-regulated in many invasive carcinomas, we asked whether it may also play a role in acquisition of invasiveness, a crucial step in transition to malignancy. In a model of metaplastic basal-like breast carcinoma progression, we found that PLK1 expression is necessary but not sufficient to induce invasiveness through laminin-rich extracellular matrix. PLK1 mediates invasion via vimentin and beta1 integrin, both of which are necessary. We observed that PLK1 phosphorylates vimentin on Ser82, which in turn regulates cell surface levels of beta1 integrin. We found PLK1 to be also highly expressed in preinvasive in situ carcinomas of the breast. These results support a role for the involvement of PLK1 in the invasion process and point to this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for preinvasive and invasive breast carcinoma treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Collagen
- Drug Combinations
- Extracellular Matrix/enzymology
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Integrin beta1/metabolism
- Laminin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteoglycans
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Vimentin/metabolism
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Rizki
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
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24
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Newcomb EW, Lukyanov Y, Schnee T, Esencay M, Fischer I, Hong D, Shao Y, Zagzag D. The geldanamycin analogue 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin inhibits the growth of GL261 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:875-82. [PMID: 17667592 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3281430df8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Geldanamycin is a naturally occurring benzoquinone ansamycin product of Streptomyces geldanus that binds the protein chaperone heat shock protein 90. As geldanamycin binds to heat shock protein 90 interfering with its function and heat shock protein 90 is overexpressed in many cancers, heat shock protein 90 has become a target for cancer therapy. As the geldanamycin analogue 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin has a favorable toxicity profile, it is being tested extensively in clinical trials in patients with advanced cancer. In this study, GL261 glioma cells from C57BL/6 mice were used to investigate the anti-tumor effect of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin both in vitro and in vivo. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors possess potent anti-proliferative activity, usually at low nanomolar ranges, owing to their pharmacological characteristics of binding tightly to heat shock protein 90, coupled with a slow dissociation rate. We found that 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin at doses as low as 200 nmol/l showed anti-tumor activity within 24 h of treatment. Treatment with 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin arrested GL261 cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle associated with the downregulation of cyclin B1. Low doses of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin significantly inhibited migration of GL261 cells within 16 h of treatment, concomitant with the downregulation of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase and matrix metalloproteinase 2 secretion. Using an orthotopic glioma model with well-established intracranial tumors, 3 weekly cycles of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin significantly reduced tumor volumes of treated animals compared with untreated controls (P=0.002). Given these promising results, clinical testing of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin or other novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitors being developed should be considered for glioma patients whose tumors remain refractory to most current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Newcomb
- Department of aPathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
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25
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Janig E, Haslbeck M, Aigelsreiter A, Braun N, Unterthor D, Wolf P, Khaskhely NM, Buchner J, Denk H, Zatloukal K. Clusterin associates with altered elastic fibers in human photoaged skin and prevents elastin from ultraviolet-induced aggregation in vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1474-82. [PMID: 17872975 PMCID: PMC2043509 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin is a secreted glycoprotein with stress-induced expression in various diseased and aged tissues. It shares basic features with small heat shock proteins because it may stabilize proteins in a folding-competent state. Besides its presence in all human body fluids, clusterin associates with altered extracellular matrix proteins, such as beta-amyloid in Alzheimer senile plaques in the brain. Because dermal connective tissue alterations occur because of aging and UV radiation, we explored the occurrence of clusterin in young, aged, and sun-exposed human skin. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that clusterin is constantly associated with altered elastic fibers in aged human skin. Elastotic material of sun-damaged skin (solar elastosis), in particular, revealed a strong staining for clusterin. Because of the striking co-localization of clusterin with abnormal elastic material, we investigated the interaction of clusterin with elastin in vitro. A chaperone assay was established in which elastin was denatured by UV irradiation in the absence or presence of clusterin. This assay demonstrated that clusterin exerted a chaperone-like activity and effectively inhibited UV-induced aggregation of elastin. The interaction of both proteins was further analyzed by electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, in which clusterin was found in a stable complex with elastin after UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Janig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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26
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Kim HP, Morse D, Choi AMK. Heat-shock proteins: new keys to the development of cytoprotective therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10:759-69. [PMID: 16981832 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.5.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As molecular chaperones, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) function to limit protein aggregation, facilitate protein refolding and chaperone other proteins. Under conditions of cellular stress, intracellular HSP levels increase in order to provide cellular protection and maintain homeostasis. Evidence exists that the HSP family may be secreted into the circulation via lipid raft-mediated, granule-mediated or exosome-mediated exocytosis in haematopoietic and tumour cells. Extracellular HSPs exert immunomodulatory activities and play an important role in innate immune activation against pathogen infection. Membrane-bound Hsp70 in tumour cells or released chaperone-tumour associated antigen complex represent a target structure for the cytolytic attack by natural killer cells or T lymphocytes. Cellular stresses induce stress granule formation to evade detrimental cellular effects, mediating preconditioning phenotype. Therefore, induction of cellular stress tolerance by preconditioning (e.g., heat shock) might be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pyo Kim
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, MUH 628NW, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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27
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Pachl J, Svoboda P, Jacobs F, Vandewoude K, van der Hoven B, Spronk P, Masterson G, Malbrain M, Aoun M, Garbino J, Takala J, Drgona L, Burnie J, Matthews R. A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1404-13. [PMID: 16619152 DOI: 10.1086/503428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycograb (NeuTec Pharma) is a human recombinant monoclonal antibody against heat shock protein 90 that, in laboratory studies, was revealed to have synergy with amphotericin B against a broad spectrum of Candida species. METHODS A double-blind, randomized study was conducted to determine whether lipid-associated amphotericin B plus Mycograb was superior to amphotericin B plus placebo in patients with culture-confirmed invasive candidiasis. Patients received a lipid-associated formulation of amphotericin B plus a 5-day course of Mycograb or placebo, having been stratified on the basis of Candida species (Candida albicans vs. non-albicans species of Candida). Inclusion criteria included clinical evidence of active infection at trial entry plus growth of Candida species on culture of a specimen from a clinically significant site within 3 days after initiation of study treatment. The primary efficacy variable was overall response to treatment (clinical and mycological resolution) by day 10. RESULTS Of the 139 patients enrolled from Europe and the United States, 117 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. A complete overall response by day 10 was obtained for 29 (48%) of 61 patients in the amphotericin B group, compared with 47 (84%) of 56 patients in the Mycograb combination therapy group (odds ratio [OR], 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41-13.79; P<.001). The following efficacy criteria were also met: clinical response (52% vs. 86%; OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.21-13.39; P<.001), mycological response (54% vs. 89%; OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.64-18.94; P<.001), Candida-attributable mortality (18% vs. 4%; OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.04-0.80; P = .025), and rate of culture-confirmed clearance of the infection (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8; P = .001). Mycograb was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Mycograb plus lipid-associated amphotericin B produced significant clinical and culture-confirmed improvement in outcome for patients with invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pachl
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Tsapara A, Matter K, Balda MS. The heat-shock protein Apg-2 binds to the tight junction protein ZO-1 and regulates transcriptional activity of ZONAB. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:1322-30. [PMID: 16407410 PMCID: PMC1382320 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight junction adaptor protein ZO-1 regulates intracellular signaling and cell proliferation. Its Src homology 3 (SH3) domain is required for the regulation of proliferation and binds to the Y-box transcription factor ZO-1-associated nucleic acid binding protein (ZONAB). Binding of ZO-1 to ZONAB results in cytoplasmic sequestration and hence inhibition of ZONAB's transcriptional activity. Here, we identify a new binding partner of the SH3 domain that modulates ZO-1-ZONAB signaling. Expression screening of a cDNA library with a fusion protein containing the SH3 domain yielded a cDNA coding for Apg-2, a member of the heat-shock protein 110 (Hsp 110) subfamily of Hsp70 heat-shock proteins, which is overexpressed in carcinomas. Regulated depletion of Apg-2 in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells inhibits G(1)/S phase progression. Apg-2 coimmunoprecipitates with ZO-1 and partially localizes to intercellular junctions. Junctional recruitment and coimmunoprecipitation with ZO-1 are stimulated by heat shock. Apg-2 competes with ZONAB for binding to the SH3 domain in vitro and regulates ZONAB's transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays. Our data hence support a model in which Apg-2 regulates ZONAB function by competing for binding to the SH3 domain of ZO-1 and suggest that Apg-2 functions as a regulator of ZO-1-ZONAB signaling in epithelial cells in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tsapara
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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29
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Mitsiades CS, Mitsiades NS, McMullan CJ, Poulaki V, Kung AL, Davies FE, Morgan G, Akiyama M, Shringarpure R, Munshi NC, Richardson PG, Hideshima T, Chauhan D, Gu X, Bailey C, Joseph M, Libermann TA, Rosen NS, Anderson KC. Antimyeloma activity of heat shock protein-90 inhibition. Blood 2005; 107:1092-100. [PMID: 16234364 PMCID: PMC1895907 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that multiple myeloma (MM), the second most commonly diagnosed hematologic malignancy, is responsive to hsp90 inhibitors in vitro and in a clinically relevant orthotopic in vivo model, even though this disease does not depend on HER2/neu, bcr/abl, androgen or estrogen receptors, or other hsp90 chaperoning clients which are hallmarks of tumor types traditionally viewed as attractive clinical settings for use of hsp90 inhibitors, such as the geldanamycin analog 17-AAG. This class of agents simultaneously suppresses in MM cells the expression and/or function of multiple levels of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling (eg, IKK/NF-kappaB, PI-3K/Akt, and Raf/MAPK) and downstream effectors (eg, proteasome, telomerase, and HIF-1alpha activities). These pleiotropic proapoptotic effects allow hsp90 inhibitors to abrogate bone marrow stromal cell-derived protection on MM tumor cells, and sensitize them to other anticancer agents, including cytotoxic chemotherapy and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. These results indicate that hsp90 can be targeted therapeutically in neoplasias that may not express or depend on molecules previously considered to be the main hsp90 client proteins. This suggests a more general role for hsp90 in chaperoning tumor- or tissue-type-specific constellations of client proteins with critical involvement in proliferative and antiapoptotic cellular responses, and paves the way for more extensive future therapeutic applications of hsp90 inhibition in diverse neoplasias, including MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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Janig E, Stumptner C, Fuchsbichler A, Denk H, Zatloukal K. Interaction of stress proteins with misfolded keratins. Eur J Cell Biol 2005; 84:329-39. [PMID: 15819411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded and aggregated proteins are a characteristic feature of a variety of chronic diseases. Examples include neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease, Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease and Mallory bodies (MBs) in chronic liver diseases, particularly alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH). MB formation is at least in part the result of chronic oxidative cell stress in hepatocytes and can be induced in mice by long-term intoxication with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). Proteomic analysis revealed that MBs consist of ubiquitinated keratins and the stress proteins Hsp70, Hsp25, and p62. Furthermore, marked overexpression of clusterin, which shares functional properties with small heat shock proteins, was identified by gene expression profiling of DDC-treated mice livers. To investigate whether clusterin has a function in the stress response to misfolded keratins, we performed transfection studies utilizing expression constructs encoding ubiquitin, p62, Hsp27, clusterin, keratin 8, and keratin 18. Ubiquitin was found in a strong and constant association with keratin aggregates, whereas binding of p62 to keratin was variable. Hsp27 did not colocalize with keratin aggregates under these experimental conditions. In contrast, clusterin associated with misfolded keratin only if its signal peptide was deleted and its secretion inhibited. This suggests that clusterin has ability to bind misfolded proteins, including keratins but its physiological function is restricted to the extracellular space. The extracellular localization of clusterin was underlined by immunohistochemical studies in Alzheimer disease brains, where clusterin was constantly found in association with amyloid plaques; in contrast, cytoplasmic inclusions such as neurofibrillary tangles as well as MBs in ASH were negative. Furthermore, we found clusterin in association with elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix in several chronic liver diseases, including ASH and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, implying a possible role of clusterin in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Janig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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