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Dos Santos GA, Gomes JVT, da Silva ACP, Dos Santos JL, Bello ML, Santos BAMC. Computer-aided drug design supporting sunscreen research: a showcase study using previously synthesized hybrid UV filter-antioxidant compounds. J Mol Model 2024; 30:255. [PMID: 38970658 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although quantum mechanical calculations have proven effective in accurately predicting UV absorption and assessing the antioxidant potential of compounds, the utilization of computer-aided drug design (CADD) to support sustainable synthesis research of new sunscreen active ingredients remains an area with limited exploration. Furthermore, there are ongoing concerns about the safety and effectiveness of existing sunscreens. Therefore, it remains crucial to investigate photoprotection mechanisms and develop enhanced strategies for mitigating the harmful effects of UVR exposure, improving both the safety and efficacy of sunscreen products. A previous study conducted synthesis research on eight novel hybrid compounds (I-VIII) for use in sunscreen products by molecular hybridization of trans-resveratrol (RESV), avobenzone (AVO), and octinoxate (OMC). Herein, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations performed in the gas phase on the isolated hybrid compounds (I-VIII) proved to reproduce the experimental UV absorption. Resveratrol-avobenzone structure-based hybrids (I-IV) present absorption maxima in the UVB range with slight differences between them, while resveratrol-OMC structure-based hybrids (V-VIII) showed main absorption in the UVA range. Among RESV-OMC hybrids, compounds V and VI exhibited higher UV absorption intensity, and compound VIII stood out for its broad-spectrum coverage in our simulations. Furthermore, both in silico and in vitro analyses revealed that compounds VII and VIII exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with compound I emerging as the most reactive antioxidant within RESV-AVO hybrids. The study suggests a preference for the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism over single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) in the gas phase. With a strong focus on sustainability, this approach reduces costs and minimizes effluent production in synthesis research, promoting the eco-friendly development of new sunscreen active ingredients. METHODS The SPARTAN'20 program was utilized for the geometry optimization and energy calculations of all compounds. Conformer distribution analysis was performed using the Merck molecular force field 94 (MMFF94), and geometry optimization was carried out using the parametric method 6 (PM6) followed by density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d)). The antioxidant behavior of the hybrid compounds (I-VIII) was determined using the highest occupied molecular orbital (εHOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (εLUMO) energies, as well as the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), and proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE) values, all calculated at the same level of structural optimization. TD-DFT study is carried out to calculate the excitation energy using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The calculated transitions were convoluted with a Gaussian profile using the Gabedit program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Alencar Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - João Victor Teixeira Gomes
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Anne Cherem Peixoto da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Lamim Bello
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise Maneira Corrêa Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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2
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Jiang Z, He C, Wang B, Wang Q, Wang Z, Wu T, Chen X, Deng Z, Li C, Jian Z. Bioinspired polydopamine nanoparticles as efficient antioxidative and anti-inflammatory enhancers against UV-induced skin damage. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:354. [PMID: 37775761 PMCID: PMC10543320 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive and prolonged ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure causes photodamage, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis in human skin. Therefore, safe and effective sun protection is one of the most fundamental requirements. Living organisms tend to evolve various natural photoprotective mechanisms to avoid photodamage. Among them, melanin is the main functional component of the photoprotective system of human skin. Polydopamine (PDA) is synthesized as a mimic of natural melanin, however, its photoprotective efficiency and mechanism in protecting against skin damage and photoaging remain unclear. In this study, the novel sunscreen products based on melanin-inspired PDA nanoparticles (NPs) are rationally designed and prepared. We validate that PDA NPs sunscreen exhibits superior effects on photoprotection, which is achieved by the obstruction of epidermal hyperplasia, protection of the skin barrier, and resolution of inflammation. In addition, we find that PDA NPs are efficiently intake by keratinocytes, exhibiting robust ROS scavenging and DNA protection ability with minimal cytotoxicity. Intriguingly, PDA sunscreen has an influence on maintaining homeostasis of the dermis, displaying an anti-photoaging property. Taken together, the biocompatibility and full photoprotective properties of PDA sunscreen display superior performance to those of commercial sunscreen. This work provides new insights into the development of a melanin-mimicking material for sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoting Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui He
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zeqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
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3
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Optimized Baccharis dracunculifolia extract as photoprotective and antioxidant: in vitro and in silico assessment. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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4
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Wang Q, Chen N, Li M, Yao S, Sun X, Feng X, Chen Y. Light-related activities of metal-based nanoparticles and their implications on dermatological treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:386-399. [PMID: 35908132 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) represent an emerging class of materials that have attracted enormous attention in many fields. By comparison with other biomaterials, MNPs own unique optical properties which make them a potential alternative to conventional therapeutic agents in medical applications. Especially, owing to the easy access to the skin, the use of MNPs based on their optical properties has gained importance for the treatment of a variety of skin diseases. This review provides an insight into the different optical properties of MNPs, including photoprotection, photocatalysis, and photothermal, and highlights their implications in treating skin disorders, with a special emphasis on their use in infection control. Finally, a perspective on the safety concern of MNPs for dermatological use is discussed and analyzed. The information gathered and presented in this review will help the readers have a comprehensive understanding of utilizing the photo-triggered activity of MNPs for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, ShenyangShenyang, 110122, China
| | - Naiying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, ShenyangShenyang, 110122, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, ShenyangShenyang, 110122, China
| | - Sicheng Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, ShenyangShenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xinxing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, ShenyangShenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xun Feng
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 Yellow River North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, ShenyangShenyang, 110122, China.
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5
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Chang XP, Yu L, Zhang TS, Cui G. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the mechanistic photophysics of sunscreen oxybenzone in methanol solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13293-13304. [PMID: 35607908 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have employed the QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM method to explore the photophysical and photochemical mechanism of oxybenzone (OB) in methanol solution. Based on the optimized minima, conical intersections and crossing points, and minimum-energy reaction paths related to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and excited-state decay paths in the 1ππ*, 1nπ*, 3ππ*, 3nπ*, and S0 states, we have identified several feasible excited-state relaxation pathways for the initially populated S2(1ππ*) state to decay to the initial enol isomer' S0 state. The major one is the singlet-mediated and stretch-torsion coupled ESIPT pathway, in which the system first undergoes an essentially barrierless 1ππ* ESIPT process to generate the 1ππ* keto species, and finally realizes its ground state recovery through the subsequent carbonyl stretch-torsion facilitating S1 → S0 internal conversion (IC) and the reverse ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) process. The minor ones are related to intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. At the S2(1ππ*) minimum, an S2(1ππ*)/S1(1nπ*)/T2(3nπ*) three-state intersection region helps the S2 system branch into the T1 state through a S2 → S1 → T1 or S2 → T2 → T1 process. Once it has reached the T1 state, the system may relax to the S0 state via direct ISC or via subsequent nearly barrierless 3ππ* ESIPT to yield the T1 keto tautomer and ISC. The resultant S0 keto species significantly undergoes reverse GSIPT and only a small fraction yields the trans-keto form that relaxes back more slowly. However, due to small spin-orbit couplings at T1/S0 crossing points, the ISC to S0 state occurs very slowly. The present work rationalizes not only the ultrafast excited-state decay dynamics of OB but also its phosphorescence emission at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Li Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Fan J, Finazzi L, Jan Buma W. Elucidating the photoprotective properties of natural UV screening agents: ZEKE-PFI spectroscopy of methyl sinapate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3984-3993. [PMID: 35099484 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a prominent derivative of a natural sunscreen, methyl sinapate is an ideal candidate to provide fundamental insight into strategies on how to come to a rational design of artificial sunscreen filters with improved photoprotective properties. Here, static and time-resolved Zero Kinetic Energy-Pulsed Field Ionization (ZEKE-PFI) photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the spectroscopy and decay pathways of its electronically excited states. We find that different conformers are subject to distinct structural changes upon electronic excitation, and trace the structural changes that occur upon excitation back to the character of the LUMO. Ionization efficiency spectra in combination with pump-probe ZEKE-PFI spectra are consistent with the conclusion that the long-lived electronically excited state observed in the decay of the lowest excited singlet state is the lowest excited triplet state. Concurrently with providing information on the electronically excited states, the studies allow for a detailed characterization of the spectroscopic properties of the ground state of the radical ion, which is important in the context of the use of cinnamates in nature as antioxidants. Our studies determine the adiabatic ionization energies of the syn/cis, anti/cis and anti/trans conformers as 60 291.1 ± 0.5, 60 366.9 ± 0.5 and 60 503.9 ± 1.0 cm-1, respectively, and provide accurate vibrational fequencies of low-frequency modes of the molecular ion in its electronic ground state. Finally, the studies emphasize the important role of vibrational and electronic autoionization processes that start to dominate the ionization dynamics in non-rigid molecules of the present size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Fan
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Finazzi
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Nomoto A, Inai N, Yanai T, Okuno Y. Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Photoisomerization of Cinnamate Derivatives: An XMS-CASPT2 Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:497-505. [PMID: 35067053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamate derivatives show a variety of photo-induced reactions. Among them is trans-cis photoisomerization, which may involve the nonradiative decay (NRD) process. The extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation (XMS-CASPT2) method was used in this study as a suitable theory for treating multireference electronic nature, which was frequently manifested in the photoisomerization process. The minimum energy paths of the trans-cis photoisomerization process of cinnamate derivatives were determined, and the activation energies were estimated using the resulting intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) paths. Natural orbital analysis revealed that the transition state's (TS) electronic structure is zwitterionic-like, elucidating the solvent and substituent effect on the energy barrier of photoisomerization paths. Furthermore, it was found that the charge on the pyramidalized carbon atom at the TS structure was strongly correlated with the activation energy barrier for the cinnamate derivatives. Thus, it seemingly provided a physical picture of the photoisomerization of cinnamates and was a good descriptor potentially applicable to molecular design for controlling the rate constant of the photoisomerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Nomoto
- Analysis Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan
| | - Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okuno
- Analysis Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan
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Revealing how proton transfer process of 2-hydroxylbenzophenones affected by the intermolecular hydrogen bond with different para-substituted groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Zhang J, Peng J, Hu D, Lan Z. Investigation of nonadiabatic dynamics in the photolysis of methyl nitrate (CH 3ONO 2) by on-the-fly surface hopping simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25597-25611. [PMID: 34546246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis mechanism of methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) was studied using the on-the-fly surface hopping dynamics at the XMS-CASPT2 level. Several critical geometries, including electronic state minima and conical intersections, were obtained, which play essential roles in the nonadiabatic dynamics of CH3ONO2. The ultrafast nonadiabatic decay dynamics to the ground state were simulated, which gives a proper explanation on the broad and structureless absorption spectra of CH3ONO2. The photodissociation channels, including CH3O + NO2, CH3O + NO + O, and others, as well as their branching ratios, were identified. When the dynamics starts from the lowest two electronic states (S1 and S2), the CH3O + NO2 channel is the dominant photolysis pathway, although we observed the minor contributions of other channels. In contrast, when the trajectories start from the third excited state S3, both CH3O + NO2 and CH3O + NO + O channels become important. Here the CH3O-NO2 bond dissociation takes place first, and then for some trajectories, the N-O bond of the NO2 part breaks successively. The quasi-degeneracy of electronic states may exist in the dissociation limits of both CH3O + NO2 and CH3O + NO + O channels. The current work provides valuable information in the understanding of experimental findings of the wavelength-dependent photolysis mechanism of CH3ONO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deping Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Non-adiabatic Dynamics Mechanism in Excited State of Novel UV Protective Sunscreen in Rice: Conical Intersection Promotes Internal Conversion. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang XP, Zhang TS, Fang YG, Cui G. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Studies on the Photophysical Mechanism of Methyl Salicylate. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1880-1891. [PMID: 33645980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MS) as a subunit of larger salicylates found in commercial sunscreens has been shown to exhibit keto-enol tautomerization and dual fluorescence emission via excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) after the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, its excited-state relaxation mechanism is unclear. Herein, we have employed the quantum mechanics(CASPT2//CASSCF)/molecular mechanics method to explore the ESIPT and excited-state relaxation mechanism of MS in the lowest three electronic states, that is, S0, S1, and T1 states, in a methanol solution. Based on the optimized geometric and electronic structures, conical intersections and crossing points, and minimum-energy paths combined with the computed linearly interpolated Cartesian coordinate paths, the photophysical mechanism of MS has been proposed. The S1 state is a spectroscopically bright 1ππ* state in the Franck-Condon region. From the initially populated S1 state, there exist three nonradiative relaxation paths to repopulate the S0 state. In the first one, the S1 system (i.e., ketoB form) first undergoes an ESIPT path to generate an S1 tautomer (i.e., enol form) that exhibits a large Stokes shift in experiments. The generated S1 enol tautomer further evolves toward the nearby S1/S0 conical intersection and then hops to the S0 state, followed by the backward ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) to the initial ketoB form S0 state. In the second one, the S1 system first hops through the S1 → T1 intersystem crossing (ISC) to the T1 state, which then further decays to the S0 state via T1 → S0 ISC at the T1/S0 crossing point. In the third path, the T1 system that stems from the S1 → T1 ISC process via the S1/T1 crossing point first takes place a T1 ESIPT to generate a T1 enol tautomer, which can further decay to the S0 state via T1-to-S0 ISC. Finally, the GSIPT occurs to back the system to the initial ketoB form S0 state. Our present work could contribute to understanding the photophysics of MS and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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12
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Xing J, Yuan D, Xie H, Wang N, Liu H, Yang L, Xu Y, Liu Z. Preparation of Efficient Ultraviolet-Protective Transparent Coating by Using a Titanium-Containing Hybrid Oligomer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5592-5601. [PMID: 33476118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is closely related to people's lives, but excess UV exposure has led to a series of problems. UV protection technology plays a vital role in our life. The most commonly adopted UV protection technology is to use UV-absorbing materials to make protective coatings, including sunscreen cream for human skin and sunscreen coating for materials. Conventional organic UV-protective coatings have low stability and are sensitive to heat, while inorganic UV-protective coating with highly efficient UV-protective performance usually need high processing temperatures and exhibit low transparency. Here, we report a Ti-PEG-Si cross-linked inorganic-organic hybrid material, which exhibits good UV-absorbing performance. By using these UV-absorbing materials, an efficient transparent UV-absorbing coating could be easily prepared at room temperature (298 K). The UV-absorbing coating is mainly composed of titanium and silicon connected by PEG200. PEG200 as a cross-linker can improve the UV-absorption performance of the coating and increase its visible light transmittance. At the same time, the existence of PEG200 can effectively increase the stability and elasticity of the coating and maintain its mechanical properties after UV irradiation. Furthermore, the coating could maintain highly UV-protective performance and could be transparent even after thermal treatment at high temperature (973 K). From this point of view, the hybrid materials have considerable application potential in next-generation UV protective coatings, especially with their utilization in heat-sensitive substrates or under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Danhua Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanbang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Wang M, Shi Y, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Jin B, Wu Z, Zhao G. Nonadiabatic dynamics Mechanisms of natural UV Photoprotection ompounds chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid a: Double conjugated structures but single photoexcited channel. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Fan J, Roeterdink W, Buma WJ. Excited-state dynamics of isolated and (micro)solvated methyl sinapate: the bright and shady sides of a natural sunscreen. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1825850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Fan
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Roeterdink
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Horbury MD, Turner MAP, Peters JS, Mention M, Flourat AL, Hine NDM, Allais F, Stavros VG. Exploring the Photochemistry of an Ethyl Sinapate Dimer: An Attempt Toward a Better Ultraviolet Filter. Front Chem 2020; 8:633. [PMID: 32850651 PMCID: PMC7399488 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemistry and photostability of a potential ultraviolet (UV) radiation filter, dehydrodiethylsinapate, with a broad absorption in the UVA region, is explored utilizing a combination of femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and steady-state irradiation studies. The time-resolved measurements show that this UV filter candidate undergoes excited state relaxation after UV absorption on a timescale of ~10 picoseconds, suggesting efficient relaxation. However, steady-state irradiation measurements show degradation under prolonged UV exposure. From a photochemical standpoint, this highlights the importance of considering both the ultrafast and “ultraslow” timescales when designing new potential UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Horbury
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A P Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jack S Peters
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicholas D M Hine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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16
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Adeniyi AA, Ngake TL, Conradie J. Cyclic Voltammetric Study of 2‐Hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) Derivatives and the Correspondent Change in the Orbital Energy Levels in Different Solvents. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Federal University of Oye-Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Tankiso L. Ngake
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry University of the Free State PO Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- Department of Chemistry UiT – The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø N-9037 Norway
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17
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Zhou Y, Qian Y, Wang J, Qiu X, Zeng H. Bioinspired Lignin-Polydopamine Nanocapsules with Strong Bioadhesion for Long-Acting and High-Performance Natural Sunscreens. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3231-3241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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18
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Bacardit A, Cartoixà X. Revisiting the Role of Irradiance in the Determination of Sunscreens' Sun Protection Factor. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1209-1214. [PMID: 32075378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a sunscreen tends to be associated with its sun protection factor (SPF) value, a figure determined in a test that relies on the independence of the SPF value to both UV radiation dose and irradiance. We probe these assumptions when photoinduced product degradation is present, and we estimate that the theoretical limit for their validity is when the sunfilter active molecule relaxation time is faster than ∼10 ns. While such threshold relaxation time should be compatible with the expected ultrafast relaxation mechanisms of sunfilter molecules (picoseconds), recent research on sunfilter photodynamics has identified the existence of much longer-lived molecular states. Such long lifetimes could compromise sunscreen performance and make the SPF value very different in natural sun irradiance conditions than in the solar simulated conditions typically used in SPF determination tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Cartoixà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
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19
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Qiao Y, Dong H, Zhang X. A Versatile Sunscreen with Minimal ROS Damage and Low Permeability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6217-6225. [PMID: 31920066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic and inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters possess themselves advantages, while they suffer from different limitations including photostability, penetration, and cytotoxicity. Integrating organic and inorganic UV filters in a single unit holds great potential for enhanced UV protection. Herein, the dendritic silicon dioxide microspheres (DSMs) are encapsulated with Bi2Ti2O7 nanocomposites (BTO-DSMs), an inorganic filter, and decorated with organic filters including sinapoyl malate (SM) and baicalin (BS/BTO-DSM) to enhance UV protection while significantly reducing ROS and skin permeability under UV exposure. The inorganic BTO-DSM component presents an expanded UV shield range and suppressed photocatalytic properties while preventing the organic filter SM direct contact with the epidermis and penetration behaviors. The baicalin efficiently scavenges the generated ROS from SM and reduces the transmittance of blue light. Notably, the results show that the proposed combined system significantly broadens the UV absorption region. Thus, the BS/BTO-DSM presents advanced in vitro anti-UV performance and in vivo UV protection against keratinocyte apoptosis and epidermal hyperplasia without long-term toxicity. The excellent anti-UV properties coupling with the suppressed photocatalytic capability and minimal epidermal penetration of BS/BTO-DSM make it promising for skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Qiao
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , 30 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , 30 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , 30 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100083 , China
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20
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Teixeira Gomes JV, Cherem Peixoto da Silva A, Lamim Bello M, Rangel Rodrigues C, Aloise Maneira Corrêa Santos B. Molecular modeling as a design tool for sunscreen candidates: a case study of bemotrizinol. J Mol Model 2019; 25:362. [PMID: 31773345 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreen-based photoprotection is an important strategy to prevent photoaging and skin cancer. Among the effective and modern sunscreens, triazine compounds are known as an important class based on their physical-chemical properties, such as photostability and UV broad-spectrum absorption (UVA and UVB). Molecular modeling and quantum mechanical calculations approaches can be helpful to orientate the design of sunscreens. Herein, a case study is presented to demonstrate the importance of the molecular modeling as a design tool for promising sunscreen candidates based on the synthesis research previously described of bemotrizinol, a broad-spectrum photostable organic UV filter present in many sunscreens products. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations performed in gas phase on the isolated organic UV filters proved to reproduce the experimental UV absorption, guiding the choice of the most efficient candidate as sunscreen. The present work highlights the importance of molecular modeling as an effective tool to support synthesis research, increasing the possibility of obtaining promising compounds with reduced costs and effluent production. Graphical abstractA case study to demonstrate the importance of the molecular modeling as a design tool for promising sunscreen candidates is presented. The method proved to be a valuable tool to reproduce the experimental UV absorption and to determinate the most efficient molecule as sunscreen among the candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Teixeira Gomes
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Anne Cherem Peixoto da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Murilo Lamim Bello
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise Maneira Corrêa Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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21
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Deng Z, Sun S, Zhou M, Huang G, Pang J, Dang L, Li MD. Revealing Ultrafast Energy Dissipation Pathway of Nanocrystalline Sunscreens Oxybenzone and Dioxybenzone. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6499-6503. [PMID: 31589456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two widely used ultraviolet filters, oxybenzone and dioxybenzone, are applied in a variety of areas, particularly in sunscreen cosmetics. Ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption is utilized to trace the excited states and transient states of the nanocrystalline suspension and solution phase of these two molecules. The analysis reveals the intriguing discovery that the transient species of the oxybenzone nanocrystalline suspension have shorter lifetimes than that in solution. The energy dissipation mechanism of these molecules is simulated by density functional theory calculations, and the potential energy surface calculations and the single-crystal structure can well explain the fast decay dynamics of the nanocrystalline transient states of these two molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Guanheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence , Shantou University , Shantou 515063 , China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory , Shantou 515031 , China
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22
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Chang XP, Fang YG, Cui G. QM/MM Studies on the Photophysical Mechanism of a Truncated Octocrylene Model. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8823-8831. [PMID: 31550143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (MCDPA) shares the same molecular skeleton with octocrylene (OCR) that is one of the most common molecules used in commercially available sunscreens. However, its excited-state relaxation mechanism is unclear. Herein, we have used the QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM method to explore spectroscopic properties, geometric and electronic structures, relevant conical intersections and crossing points, and excited-state relaxation paths of MCDPA in methanol solution. We found that in the Franck-Condon (FC) region, the V(1ππ*) state is energetically lower than the V'(1ππ*) state only by 2.8 kcal/mol and is assigned to experimentally observed maximum absorption band. From these two initially populated singlet states, there exist three nonradiative relaxation paths to repopulate the S0 state. In the first one, when the V(1ππ*) state is populated in the FC region, the system diabatically evolves along the V(1ππ*) state into its minimum where the internal conversion to S0 occurs. In the second one, the V'(1ππ*) state is populated in the FC region and the system adiabatically overcomes a barrier of ca. 3.0 kcal/mol to approach the V(1ππ*) minimum eventually leading to a V(1ππ*)-to-S0 internal conversion. In the third one, the V'(1ππ*) state first hops via the intersystem crossing to the T2 state, which then decays through the internal conversion to the T1 state. The T1 state is finally converted to the S0 state via the T1/S0 crossing point. Our present work contributes to understanding the photophysics of OCR and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , P. R. China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
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23
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Holt EL, Stavros VG. Applications of ultrafast spectroscopy to sunscreen development, from first principles to complex mixtures. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1663062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Holt
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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24
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Xiong L, Zhao M, Fan Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Li X, Zhao D, Zhang F. Manganese Oxide Nanoclusters for Skin Photoprotection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3974-3982. [PMID: 35021330 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An ultraviolet (UV) filter is the core component of sunscreen and protects skin from various photo damages. Current UV filters are hampered by skin penetration, poor photostability, photocatalytic generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), and potential environmental risks. In this work, manganese dioxide nanoclusters were developed as an eco-friendly UV filter by a facile two-step synthesis, using colloid silica as support under ambient conditions. These nanoclusters show a better UV-shielding profile than commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles and capability to scavenge various ROS. They can be easily incorporated by a sunscreen formula and demonstrate an excellent skin photoprotection performance both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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25
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da Silva ACP, Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Dos Anjos VM, Silva ABSM, Pinto AV, Dos Santos EP, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Rodrigues CR, de Pádula M, Santos BAMC. Photoprotection assessment of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract standardized to oleuropein: In vitro and in silico approach for improved sunscreens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:162-171. [PMID: 30884286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaves contain higher amount of polyphenols than olive oil and represent a waste product from olive harvest and pruning of olive trees. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein. Benefits of the topical application of olive leaves extract were previously reported, but little information is available on its photoprotective potential and the result of the association of this extract with organic UV filters in topical sunscreen formulations. The olive leaves extract photoprotective potential is less explored for both oral and topical photoprotection in comparison with other plants extracts and polyphenols, such as Polypodium leucotomos extract and resveratrol. There are increasing efforts towards developing more efficient sunscreens and a photoprotection assessement along with a better understanding of the photochemistry of naturally occurring sunscreens could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to investigate the photoprotective potential of olive leaves extract standardized for oleuropein performing a set of in vitro and in silico tools as an innovative approach, highlighting yeast assays, in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and molecular modelling studies of UV absorption. This study supports the use of olive leaves extract for photoprotection, as an effective photoprotective, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant active, also showing a synergistic effect in association with UV filters with an improvement on in vitro SPF of sunscreen formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C P da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz S M Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia Viviana Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabete P Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR-3D (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
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26
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Wong NGK, Berenbeim JA, Hawkridge M, Matthews E, Dessent CEH. Mapping the intrinsic absorption properties and photodegradation pathways of the protonated and deprotonated forms of the sunscreen oxybenzone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14311-14321. [PMID: 30680382 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06794e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens provide vital protection against the photodamaging effects of UV radiation, however, many fundamental questions remain about the detailed mechanisms by which they dissipate UV energy. One such issue is the extent to which the pH environment of an organic sunscreen molecule alters its effectiveness, both in terms of ability to absorb UV radiation, and also its potential to photodegrade. Here, we use gas-phase laser photodissociation spectroscopy for the first time to measure the intrinsic UVA-UVC absorption spectra and associated photodegradation products of protonated and deprotonated oxybenzone, away from the complications of bulk mixtures. Our results reveal that protonation state has a dramatic effect on the absorption and photodissociation properties of this sunscreen. While the UV absorption profile of oxybenzone is only modestly affected by protonation across the range from 400-216 nm, deprotonated oxybenzone displays a significantly modified absorption spectrum, with very low photoabsorption between 370-330 nm. Protonated oxybenzone primarily photofragments by rupture of the bonds on either side of the central carbonyl group, producing cationic fragments with m/z 151 and 105. Additional lower mass photofragments (e.g. m/z 95 and 77) are also observed. The production spectra for the photofragments from protonated oxybenzone fall into two distinct categories, which we discuss in the context of different excited state decay pathways. For deprotonated oxybenzone, the major photofragments observed are m/z 211 and 212, which are associated with the ejection of methane and the methyl free radical from the parent ion, respectively. Implications for the suitability of oxybenzone in its protonated and deprotonated forms as an optimum sunscreen molecule are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G K Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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27
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Domingos SR, Schnell M. Wet Sunscreens in the Gas Phase: Structures of Isolated and Microsolvated Oxybenzone. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4963-4968. [PMID: 30091927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
New insights into the structural intricacies of solvated sunscreen compounds are presented. Using high-resolution rotational spectroscopy with supersonic jets and quantum-chemistry calculations, we navigate the conformational space of oxybenzone and oxybenzone-water clusters. We unambiguously assign the global minimum structure, resolving any prevailing ambiguities, and locate the primary hydration sites of the ground-state enol conformer. Two microsolvated molecular models of oxybenzone are validated by rotational spectroscopy of isotopically enriched species. Theoretical predictions based on these models suggest that water influences the ground-state enol-keto energetic constraints and that its effect is biased depending on which water docking-site is at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R Domingos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Str. 1 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
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28
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Molecular modeling for the investigation of UV absorbers for sunscreens: Triazine and benzotriazole derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Sutar RL, Sen S, Eivgi O, Segalovich G, Schapiro I, Reany O, Lemcoff NG. Guiding a divergent reaction by photochemical control: bichromatic selective access to levulinates and butenolides. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1368-1374. [PMID: 29675185 PMCID: PMC5885942 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allylic and acrylic substrates may be efficiently transformed by a sequential bichromatic photochemical process into derivatives of levulinates or butenolides with high selectivity when phenanthrene is used as a regulator. Thus, UV-A photoinduced cross-metathesis (CM) couples the acrylic and allylic counterparts and subsequent UV-C irradiation initiates E-Z isomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond, followed by one of two competing processes; namely, cyclization by transesterification or a 1,5-H shift and tautomerization. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that intermediates are strongly blue-shifted for the cyclization while red-shifted for the 1,5-H shift reaction. Hence, delaying the double bond migration by employing UV-C absorbing phenanthrene, results in a selective novel divergent all-photochemical pathway for the synthesis of fundamental structural motifs of ubiquitous natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revannath L Sutar
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
- Department of Natural Sciences , The Open University of Israel , Ra'anana , 43537 , Israel
| | - Saumik Sen
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics , Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Or Eivgi
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
| | - Gal Segalovich
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics , Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences , The Open University of Israel , Ra'anana , 43537 , Israel
| | - N Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel .
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , 84105 , Israel
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30
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Hayden DR, Kibbelaar HVM, Imhof A, Velikov KP. Fully-biobased UV-absorbing nanoparticles from ethyl cellulose and zein for environmentally friendly photoprotection. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25104-25111. [PMID: 35542122 PMCID: PMC9082358 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective photoprotection is a vital consumer issue. However, there are many concerns regarding the adverse environmental and health impacts associated with current organic and inorganic UV filters. Here, we prepare fully-biobased UV-absorbing nanoparticles from ethyl cellulose (ECNPs) and zein (ZNPs) with encapsulated biobased photoprotectants obtainable from plants and foods (quercetin, retinol, and p-coumaric acid), which have the potential to satisfy both environmental and health issues in photoprotection. We show the ability of ECNPs and ZNPs to be easily tuned compositionally to obtain uniform, broadband UV spectrum absorbance profiles, and prepare transparent UV-absorbing coatings from the ECNPs. We find that the maximum loadings for retinol, quercetin, and p-coumaric acid into the ECNPs are 31 wt%, 14 wt%, and 13 wt% respectively. The ECNP size remains constant (except for the largest loading of retinol, 31 wt%) and the absolute zeta potential increases upon increasing the loading of quercetin and retinol, whereas increasing the loading of p-coumaric acid results in increasing the particle size and a lower absolute zeta potential. We find that quercetin and retinol are effectively retained inside the ECNPs at 64–70% after 72 hours. These results have significant implications for the development of novel photoprotection technologies and functional nanoparticles. UV-absorbing nanoparticles are prepared with an entirely biobased composition, as a novel environmentally-friendly photoprotection technology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. Hayden
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Heleen V. M. Kibbelaar
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Imhof
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P. Velikov
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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31
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Liu F, Du L, Lan Z, Gao J. Hydrogen bond dynamics governs the effective photoprotection mechanism of plant phenolic sunscreens. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:211-219. [PMID: 27982141 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sinapic acid derivatives are important sunscreen species in natural plants, which could provide protection from solar UV radiation. Using a combination of ultrafast excited state dynamics, together with classical molecular dynamics studies, we demonstrate that there is direct coupling of hydrogen bond motion with excited state photoprotection dynamics as part of the basic mechanism in solution. Beyond the intra-molecular degree of freedom, the inter-molecular motions on all timescales are potentially important for the photochemical or photophysical events, ranging from the ultrafast hydrogen bond motion to solvent rearrangements. This provides not only an enhanced understanding of the anomalous experimental spectroscopic results, but also the key idea in the development of sunscreen agents with improved photo-chemical properties. We suggest that the hydrogen bond dynamics coupled excited state photoprotection mechanism may also be possible in a broad range of bio-related molecules in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Likai Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
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32
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Ju E, Dong K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Cao F, Chen Z, Pu F, Ren J, Qu X. Confinement of Reactive Oxygen Species in an Artificial-Enzyme-Based Hollow Structure To Eliminate Adverse Effects of Photocatalysis on UV Filters. Chemistry 2017; 23:13518-13524. [PMID: 28741846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancers caused by UV irradiation have been a major public health problem. One simple and effective way to avoid the above detrimental effects is the use of UV-protective sunscreens. However, there has been considerable concern with the issue of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the photodegradation of commercial UV filters. Herein, for the first time, it is reported that the integration of ZnO nanoparticles and CeOx nanoparticles into hollow microspheres (ZnO/CeOx HMS) could provide broad-spectrum UV protection and scavenge generated ROS under UV irradiation. Benefiting from the cooperative effect of the hollow structure and the antioxidative activity of CeOx , ROS generated under UV irradiation could be confined to a limited space and effectively conversion into nontoxic molecules is catalyzed as a consequence of increased collision frequency. Therefore, both primary, direct UV-induced damage and secondary ROS toxicity could be greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguo Ju
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Kai Dong
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Cao
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Fang Pu
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
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33
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Direct Learning Hidden Excited State Interaction Patterns from ab initio Dynamics and Its Implication as Alternative Molecular Mechanism Models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8737. [PMID: 28821842 PMCID: PMC5562909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited states of polyatomic systems are rather complex, and often exhibit meta-stable dynamical behaviors. Static analysis of reaction pathway often fails to sufficiently characterize excited state motions due to their highly non-equilibrium nature. Here, we proposed a time series guided clustering algorithm to generate most relevant meta-stable patterns directly from ab initio dynamic trajectories. Based on the knowledge of these meta-stable patterns, we suggested an interpolation scheme with only a concrete and finite set of known patterns to accurately predict the ground and excited state properties of the entire dynamics trajectories, namely, the prediction with ensemble models (PEM). As illustrated with the example of sinapic acids, The PEM method does not require any training data beyond the clustering algorithm, and the estimation error for both ground and excited state is very close, which indicates one could predict the ground and excited state molecular properties with similar accuracy. These results may provide us some insights to construct molecular mechanism models with compatible energy terms as traditional force fields.
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34
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Li CX, Guo WW, Xie BB, Cui G. Photodynamics of oxybenzone sunscreen: Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:074308. [PMID: 27544106 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we have used combined static electronic structure calculations and "on-the-fly" global-switching trajectory surface-hopping dynamics simulations to explore the photochemical mechanism of oxybenzone sunscreen. We have first employed the multi-configurational CASSCF method to optimize minima, conical intersections, and minimum-energy reaction paths related to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and excited-state decays in the (1)ππ(∗), (1)nπ(∗), and S0 states (energies are refined at the higher MS-CASPT2 level). According to the mapped potential energy profiles, we have identified two ultrafast excited-state deactivation pathways for the initially populated (1)ππ(∗) system. The first is the diabatic ESIPT process along the (1)ππ(∗) potential energy profile. The generated (1)ππ(∗) keto species then decays to the S0 state via the keto (1)ππ(∗)/gs conical intersection. The second is internal conversion to the dark (1)nπ(∗) state near the (1)ππ(∗) /(1)nπ(∗) crossing point in the course of the diabatic (1)ππ(∗) ESIPT process. Our following dynamics simulations have shown that the ESIPT and (1)ππ(∗) → S0 internal conversion times are 104 and 286 fs, respectively. Finally, our present work demonstrates that in addition to the ESIPT process and the (1)ππ(∗) → S0 internal conversion in the keto region, the (1)ππ(∗) → (1)nπ(∗) internal conversion in the enol region plays as well an important role for the excited-state relaxation dynamics of oxybenzone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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35
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Losantos R, Funes-Ardoiz I, Aguilera J, Herrera-Ceballos E, García-Iriepa C, Campos PJ, Sampedro D. Rational Design and Synthesis of Efficient Sunscreens To Boost the Solar Protection Factor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Losantos
- Department of Chemistry; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; Madre de Dios 53 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; Madre de Dios 53 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - José Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology; Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Málaga; Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Enrique Herrera-Ceballos
- Department of Dermatology; Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Málaga; Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Department of Chemistry; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; Madre de Dios 53 26006 Logroño Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro J. Campos
- Department of Chemistry; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; Madre de Dios 53 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Department of Chemistry; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; Madre de Dios 53 26006 Logroño Spain
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36
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Losantos R, Funes-Ardoiz I, Aguilera J, Herrera-Ceballos E, García-Iriepa C, Campos PJ, Sampedro D. Rational Design and Synthesis of Efficient Sunscreens To Boost the Solar Protection Factor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2632-2635. [PMID: 28128519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer incidence has been increasing in the last decades, but most of the commercial formulations used as sunscreens are designed to protect only against solar erythema. Many of the active components present in sunscreens show critical weaknesses, such as low stability and toxicity. Thus, the development of more efficient components is an urgent health necessity and an attractive industrial target. We have rationally designed core moieties with increased photoprotective capacities and a new energy dissipation mechanism. Using these scaffolds, we have synthesized a series of compounds with tunable properties suitable for their use in sunscreens, and enhanced properties in terms of stability, light energy dissipation, and toxicity. Moreover, some representative compounds were included in final sunscreen formulations and a relevant solar protection factor boost was measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Losantos
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - José Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrera-Ceballos
- Department of Dermatology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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37
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Hayden DR, Imhof A, Velikov KP. Biobased Nanoparticles for Broadband UV Protection with Photostabilized UV Filters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32655-32660. [PMID: 27934192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sunscreens rely on multiple compounds to provide effective and safe protection against UV radiation. UV filters in sunscreens, in particular, provide broadband UV protection but are heavily linked to adverse health effects due to the generation of carcinogenic skin-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon solar irradiation. Herein, we demonstrate significant reduction in the ROS concentration by encapsulating an antioxidant photostabilizer with multiple UV filters into biobased ethyl cellulose nanoparticles. The developed nanoparticles display complete broadband UV protection and can form transparent and flexible films. This system therefore shows significant potential toward effective and safe nanoparticle-based UV protective coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Hayden
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Imhof
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P Velikov
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen , Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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38
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Rodrigues NDN, Staniforth M, Stavros VG. Photophysics of sunscreen molecules in the gas phase: a stepwise approach towards understanding and developing next-generation sunscreens. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20160677. [PMID: 27956888 PMCID: PMC5134319 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and skin cancer urges the need for extra photoprotection, which is presently provided by widespread commercially available sunscreen lotions. Apart from having a large absorption cross section in the UVA and UVB regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, the chemical absorbers in these photoprotective products should also be able to dissipate the excess energy in a safe way, i.e. without releasing photoproducts or inducing any further, harmful, photochemistry. While sunscreens are tested for both their photoprotective capability and dermatological compatibility, phenomena occurring at the molecular level upon absorption of UV radiation are largely overlooked. To date, there is only a limited amount of information regarding the photochemistry and photophysics of these sunscreen molecules. However, a thorough understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms by which popular sunscreen molecular constituents dissipate excess energy has the potential to aid in the design of more efficient, safer sunscreens. In this review, we explore the potential of using gas-phase frequency- and time-resolved spectroscopies in an effort to better understand the photoinduced excited-state dynamics, or photodynamics, of sunscreen molecules. Complementary computational studies are also briefly discussed. Finally, the future outlook of expanding these gas-phase studies into the solution phase is considered.
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39
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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40
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Xie XY, Li CX, Fang Q, Cui G. Mechanistic Photochemistry of Methyl-4-hydroxycinnamate Chromophore and Its One-Water Complexes: Insights from MS-CASPT2 Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6014-22. [PMID: 27398611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we computationally studied the excited-state properties and decay dynamics of methyl-4-hydroxycinnamate (OMpCA) in the lowest three electronic states, that is, (1)ππ*, (1)nπ*, and S0 using combined MS-CASPT2 and CASSCF electronic structure methods. We found that one-water hydration can significantly stabilize and destabilize the vertical excitation energies of the spectroscopically bright (1)ππ* and dark (1)nπ* excited singlet states, respectively; in contrast, it has a much smaller effect on the (1)ππ* and (1)nπ* adiabatic excitation energies. Mechanistically, we located two (1)ππ* excited-state relaxation channels. One is the internal conversion to the dark (1)nπ* state, and the other is the (1)ππ* photoisomerization that eventually leads the system to a (1)ππ*/S0 conical intersection region, near which the radiationless internal conversion to the S0 state occurs. These two (1)ππ* relaxation pathways play distinct roles in OMpCA and its two one-water complexes (OMpCA-W1 and OMpCA-W2). In OMpCA, the predominant (1)ππ* decay route is the state-switching to the dark (1)nπ* state, while in one-water complexes, the importance of the (1)ππ* photoisomerization is significantly enhanced because the internal conversion to the (1)nπ* state is heavily suppressed due to the one-water hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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41
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Horbury MD, Baker LA, Quan WD, Greenough SE, Stavros VG. Photodynamics of potent antioxidants: ferulic and caffeic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17691-7. [PMID: 27310931 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01595f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of ferulic acid (3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid) and caffeic acid (3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid) in acetonitrile, dioxane and water at pH 2.2 following photoexcitation to the first excited singlet state are reported. These hydroxycinnamic acids display both strong ultraviolet absorption and potent antioxidant activity, making them promising sunscreen components. Ferulic and caffeic acids have previously been shown to undergo trans-cis photoisomerization via irradiation studies, yet time-resolved measurements were unable to observe formation of the cis-isomer. In the present study, we are able to observe the formation of the cis-isomer as well as provide timescales of relaxation following initial photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Horbury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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42
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Peperstraete Y, Staniforth M, Baker LA, Rodrigues NDN, Cole-Filipiak NC, Quan WD, Stavros VG. Bottom-up excited state dynamics of two cinnamate-based sunscreen filter molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28140-28149. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have used time-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy to explore E-MMC's and E-EHMC's excited state dynamics upon UV-B photoexcitation.
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Chang XP, Li CX, Xie BB, Cui G. Photoprotection Mechanism of p-Methoxy Methylcinnamate: A CASPT2 Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11488-97. [PMID: 26513466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
p-Methoxy methylcinnamate (p-MMC) shares the same molecular skeleton with octyl methoxycinnamate sunscreen. It is recently found that adding one water to p-MMC can significantly enhance the photoprotection efficiency. However, the physical origin is elusive. Herein we have employed multireference complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multistate complete active-space second-order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) methods to scrutinize the photophysical and photochemical mechanism of p-MMC and its one-water complex p-MMC-W. Specifically, we optimize the stationary-point structures on the (1)ππ*, (1)nπ*, and S0 potential energy surfaces to locate the (1)ππ*/S0 and (1)ππ*/(1)nπ* conical intersections and to map (1)ππ* and (1)nπ* excited-state relaxation paths. On the basis of the results, we find that, for the trans p-MMC, the major (1)ππ* deactivation path is decaying to the dark (1)nπ* state via the in-plane (1)ππ*/(1)nπ* crossing point, which only need overcome a small barrier of 2.5 kcal/mol; the minor one is decaying to the S0 state via the (1)ππ*/S0 conical intersection induced by out-of-plane photoisomerization. For the cis p-MMC, these two decay paths are comparable (1)ππ* deactivation paths: one is decaying to the dark (1)nπ* state via the (1)ππ*/(1)nπ* crossing point, and the second is decaying to the ground state via the (1)ππ*/S0 conical intersection. One-water hydration stabilizes the (1)ππ* state and meanwhile destabilizes the (1)nπ* state. As a consequence, the (1)ππ* deactivation path to the dark (1)nπ* state is heavily inhibited. The related barriers are increased to 5.8 and 3.3 kcal/mol for the trans and cis p-MMC-W, respectively. In comparison, the barriers associated with the photoisomerization-induced (1)ππ* decay paths are reduced to 2.5 and 1.3 kcal/mol for the trans and cis p-MMC-W. Therefore, the (1)ππ* decay paths to the S0 state are dominant relaxation channels when adding one water molecule. Finally, the present work contributes a lot of knowledge to understanding the photoprotection mechanism of methylcinnamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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Baker LA, Horbury MD, Greenough SE, Coulter PM, Karsili TNV, Roberts GM, Orr-Ewing AJ, Ashfold MNR, Stavros VG. Probing the Ultrafast Energy Dissipation Mechanism of the Sunscreen Oxybenzone after UVA Irradiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1363-8. [PMID: 26263136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxybenzone is a common constituent of many commercially available sunscreens providing photoprotection from ultraviolet light incident on the skin. Femtosecond transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopies have been used to investigate the nonradiative relaxation pathways of oxybenzone in cyclohexane and methanol after excitation in the UVA region. The present data suggest that the photoprotective properties of oxybenzone can be understood in terms of an initial ultrafast excited state enol → keto tautomerization, followed by efficient internal conversion and subsequent vibrational relaxation to the ground state (enol) tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Baker
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Horbury
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Greenough
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Coulter
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga N V Karsili
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth M Roberts
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Baker LA, Horbury MD, Greenough SE, Ashfold MNR, Stavros VG. Broadband ultrafast photoprotection by oxybenzone across the UVB and UVC spectral regions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1814-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on the energy dissipation mechanism of oxybenzone, a common ingredient in commercial sunscreens.
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