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Li W, Ma Y, Hu X, Xu H, Liu Y, Han S, Fan Q, Gao C, Sun Z, Luo J. Renewing Halogen Substitution Strategy for the Rational Design of High-Curie Temperature Metal-Free Molecular Antiferroelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401221. [PMID: 38342759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free molecular antiferroelectric (AFE) holds a promise for energy storage on account of its unique physical attributes. However, it is challenging to explore high-curie temperature (Tc) molecular AFEs, due to the lack of design strategies regarding the rise of phase transition energy barriers. By renewing the halogen substitution strategy, we have obtained a series of high-Tc molecular AFEs of the halogen-substituted phenethylammonium bromides (x-PEAB, x=H/F/Cl/Br), resembling the binary stator-rotator system. Strikingly, the p-site halogen substitution of PEA+ cationic rotators raises their phase transition energy barrier and greatly enhances Tc up to ~473 K for Br-PEAB, on par with the record-high Tc values for molecular AFEs. As a typical case, the member 4-fluorophenethylammonium bromide (F-PEAB) shows notable AFE properties, including high Tc (~374 K) and large electric polarization (~3.2 μC/cm2). Further, F-PEAB also exhibits a high energy storage efficiency (η) of 83.6 % even around Tc, catching up with other AFE oxides. This renewing halogen substitution strategy in the molecular AFE system provides an effective way to design high-Tc AFEs for energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qingshun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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2
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Nakano K, Leong IW, Hashizume D, Bulgarevich K, Takimiya K, Nishiyama Y, Yamazaki T, Tajima K. Synthesis of 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-diindan-1,1'-dione derivatives for tautomeric organic semiconductors exhibiting intramolecular double proton transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12205-12218. [PMID: 37969578 PMCID: PMC10631252 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate potential applications of the 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-biindan-1,1'-dione (BIT) structure as an organic semiconductor with intramolecular hydrogen bonds, a new synthetic route under mild conditions is developed based on the addition reaction of 1,3-dione to ninhydrin and the subsequent hydrogenation of the hydroxyl group. This route affords several new BIT derivatives, including asymmetrically substituted structures that are difficult to access by conventional high-temperature synthesis. The BIT derivatives exhibit rapid tautomerization by intramolecular double proton transfer in solution. The tautomerizations are also observed in the solid state by variable temperature measurements of X-ray diffractometry and magic angle spinning 13C solid-state NMR. Possible interplay between the double proton transfer and the charge transport is suggested by quantum chemical calculations. The monoalkylated BIT derivative with a lamellar packing structure suitable for lateral charge transport in films shows a hole mobility of up to 0.012 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a weak temperature dependence in an organic field effect transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
| | - Iat Wai Leong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kirill Bulgarevich
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- Tohoku University Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | | | - Toshio Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan
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3
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Huang Y, Gottfried JL, Sarkar A, Zhang G, Lin H, Ren S. Proton-controlled molecular ionic ferroelectrics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5041. [PMID: 37598217 PMCID: PMC10439891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular ferroelectric materials consist of organic and inorganic ions held together by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and van der Waals interactions. However, ionically tailored multifunctionality in molecular ferroelectrics has been a missing component despite of their peculiar stimuli-responsive structure and building blocks. Here we report molecular ionic ferroelectrics exhibiting the coexistence of room-temperature ionic conductivity (6.1 × 10-5 S/cm) and ferroelectricity, which triggers the ionic-coupled ferroelectric properties. Such ionic ferroelectrics with the absorbed water molecules further present the controlled tunability in polarization from 0.68 to 1.39 μC/cm2, thermal conductivity by 13% and electrical resistivity by 86% due to the proton transfer in an ionic lattice under external stimuli. These findings enlighten the development of molecular ionic ferroelectrics towards multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Gottfried
- Weapons Sciences, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, 21005, USA
| | - Arpita Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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4
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Horiuchi S, Minemawari H, Ishibashi S. Competition of polar and antipolar states hidden behind a variety of polarization switching modes in hydrogen-bonded molecular chains. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2149-2159. [PMID: 36951962 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Switchable π-electron systems are very powerful fragments to emphasize ferroelectric or antiferroelectric polarizations up to record-high levels among organic molecular crystals. According to the Cambridge Structural Database, many azole crystals such as imidazoles and tetrazoles contain polar and bistable hydrogen-bonded molecular sequences suitable for ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity. Indeed, polarization hysteresis experiments on the 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole (PHTZ) family combined with single crystal structural analysis have revealed one ferroelectric, two antiferroelectrics, and two hybrid-like dielectrics. Here, the rich variations for the interrelation between the hydrogen-bonding states and the polarization switching modes are interpreted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations with an excellent consistency. Large switchable polarizations are theoretically confirmed, and, as expected, the largest contribution is the switchable π-electron systems. By mapping the energy levels of polar/antipolar states, the disordered hydrogen bonds always appear when the ground state is accompanied by a nearly degenerate state. The straightforward case is the hybrid-like dielectric caused by the competition between the polar and antipolar states. However, contrastive behaviors are observed when the switchable dipoles are involved in competition between the different antipolar arrangement. For example, the PHTZ crystal exhibits typical antiferroelectric switching regardless of the hydrogen disorder, whereas polarization switching is silent in the imidazole derivatives. The latter is explained by the switching field increase with depth of the ground state relative to the energy level of the polar state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Horiuchi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Minemawari
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Shoji Ishibashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan.
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5
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Ishibashi S, Kumai R, Horiuchi S. A straightforward method using the sign of the piezoelectric coefficient to identify the ferroelectric switching mechanism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8810. [PMID: 37258569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Some organic ferroelectrics have two possible switching modes: molecular reorientation and proton transfer. Typical examples include 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and Hdabco-ReO[Formula: see text] (dabco = diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). The direction and amplitude of the expected polarization depends on the switching mode. Herein a straightforward method to identify the ferroelectric switching mechanism is demonstrated. First, the relationship between the polarization vectors corresponding to the two modes is illustrated using the Berry phase. Second, the theoretical background for the sign of the piezoelectric coefficient is used to decide which mode occurs. Finally, comparing the theoretically calculated piezoelectric coefficients to the experimental results confirms the switching mode of each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Ishibashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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6
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Balashova E, Zolotarev A, Levin AA, Davydov V, Pavlov S, Smirnov A, Starukhin A, Krichevtsov B, Zhang H, Li F, Luo H, Ke H. Crystal Structure, Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis Absorption, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy, TG-DSC and Dielectric Properties of New Semiorganic Crystals of 2-Methylbenzimidazolium Perchlorate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1994. [PMID: 36903111 PMCID: PMC10004103 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of 2-methylbenzimidazolium perchlorate were prepared for the first time with a slow evaporation method from an aqueous solution of a mixture of 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) crystals and perchloric acid HClO4. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by XRD of powder. Angle-resolved polarized Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of crystals consist of lines caused by molecular vibrations in MBI molecule and ClO4- tetrahedron in the region ν = 200-3500 cm-1 and lattice vibrations in the region of 0-200 cm-1. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy show a protonation of MBI molecule in the crystal. An analysis of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra gives an estimation of an optical gap Eg~3.9 eV in the crystals studied. Photoluminescence spectra of MBI-perchlorate crystals consist of a number of overlapping bands with the main maximum at Ephoton ≅ 2.0 eV. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) revealed the presence of two first-order phase transitions with different temperature hysteresis at temperatures above room temperature. The higher temperature transition corresponds to the melting temperature. Both phase transitions are accompanied by a strong increase in the permittivity and conductivity, especially during melting, which is similar to the effect of an ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Balashova
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Zolotarev
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Valery Davydov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly Starukhin
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris Krichevtsov
- Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fangzhe Li
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Huijiadai Luo
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hua Ke
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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7
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Vijayakanth T, Sahoo S, Kothavade P, Bhan Sharma V, Kabra D, Zaręba JK, Shanmuganathan K, Boomishankar R. A Ferroelectric Aminophosphonium Cyanoferrate with a Large Electrostrictive Coefficient as a Piezoelectric Nanogenerator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214984. [PMID: 36408916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid materials possessing piezo- and ferroelectric properties emerge as excellent alternatives to conventional piezoceramics due to their merits of facile synthesis, lightweight nature, ease of fabrication and mechanical flexibility. Inspired by the structural stability of aminophosphonium compounds, here we report the first A3 BX6 type cyanometallate [Ph2 (i PrNH)2 P]3 [Fe(CN)6 ] (1), which shows a ferroelectric saturation polarization (Ps ) of 3.71 μC cm-2 . Compound 1 exhibits a high electrostrictive coefficient (Q33 ) of 0.73 m4 C-2 , far exceeding those of piezoceramics (0.034-0.096 m4 C-2 ). Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) analysis demonstrates the polarization switching and domain structure of 1 further confirming its ferroelectric nature. Furthermore, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer composite films of 1 were prepared and employed as piezoelectric nanogenerators. Notably, the 15 wt % 1-TPU device gave a maximum output voltage of 13.57 V and a power density of 6.03 μW cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Present address: The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Supriya Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Premkumar Kothavade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Vijay Bhan Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Jan K Zaręba
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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8
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Su S, Wu S, Huang Y, Xu W, Gao K, Okazawa A, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Kanegawa S, Sato O. Photoinduced Persistent Polarization Change in a Spin Transition Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208771. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Qun Su
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shu‐Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yu‐Bo Huang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Wen‐Huang Xu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kai‐Ge Gao
- College of Physical Science and Technology Yangzhou University Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience Waseda University Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara 252-5258 Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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9
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Su SQ, Wu SQ, Huang YB, Xu WH, Gao KG, Okazawa A, Okajima H, Sakamoto A, Kanegawa S, Sato O. Photoinduced Persistent Polarization Change in a Spin Transition Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qun Su
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Yu-Bo Huang
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Wen-Huang Xu
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Kai-Ge Gao
- Yangzhou University College of Physical Science and Technology 225009 Jiangsu CHINA
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Waseda University: Waseda Daigaku Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience 169-8555 Tokyo JAPAN
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Chuo University: Chuo Daigaku Faculty of Science and Engineering 112-8551 Tokyo JAPAN
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Aoyama Gakuin University: Aoyama Gakuin Daigaku Graduate School of Science and Engineering 252-5258 sagamihara JAPAN
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Osamu Sato
- Kyushu University Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
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10
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Seyedraoufi S, Berland K. Improved proton-transfer barriers with van der Waals density functionals: Role of repulsive non-local correlation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:244106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-transfer (PT) between organic complexes is a common and important biochemical process. Unfortunately, PT energy barriers are difficult to accurately predict using density functional theory (DFT); in particular, using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) tends to underestimate PT barriers. Moreover, PT typically occurs in environments where dispersion forces contribute to the cohesion of the system; thus, a suitable exchange-correlation functional should accurately describe both dispersion forces and PT barriers. This paper provides benchmark results for the PT barriers of several density functionals including several variants of the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF).The benchmark set comprises small organic molecules with inter- and intra-molecular PT. The results show that replacing GGA correlation with a fully non-local vdW-DF correlation increases the PT barriers, making it closer to the quantum chemical reference values.In contrast, including non-local correlations with the Vydrov-Voorhis (VV) method or dispersion-corrections at the DFT-D3 or the Tkatchenko-Scheffler (TS) levelhas barely any impact on the PT barriers.Hybrid functionals also increase and improve the energies,resulting in excellent performance of hybrid versions of the van der Waals density functionals vdW-DF-cx and vdW-DF2-B86R. For the formic acid dimer PT system, we analyzed the GGA exchange and non-local correlation contributions. The analysis shows that the repulsive part of the non-local correlation kernel plays a key role in the PT energy barriers predicted with vdW-DF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, NMBU, Norway
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11
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Croconic Acid Doped Triglycine Sulfate: Crystal Structure, UV-Vis, FTIR, Raman, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy, and Dielectric Properties. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Triglycine sulfate (TGS) single crystals doped with croconic acid (CA) were grown by evaporation from aqueous solutions. X-ray diffraction analysis shows a slight reduction in unit cell volume in TGS:CA compared to pure TGS crystals. The polarized Raman and near-infrared absorption spectra show that the positions of most lines resulting from inter- and intramolecular vibrations are in good agreement with those in spectra of undoped TGS crystals. The inclusion of CA in TGS is confirmed by the presence of bands characteristic of CA in the infrared-Fourier transform spectra. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of TGS:CA are characterized by the presence of additional absorption bands (compared to the spectra of pure TGS) located in the transparent region of pure TGS. In the photon energy region 1.6–3.6 eV, a strong “green” luminescence band is present in TGS:CA upon excitation at λ = 325 nm. The position of the emission band depends on the wavelength of the exciting light. Doping of TGS with CA causes pinning of domain walls, which is accompanied by a decrease in amplitude and frequency dispersion of the dielectric anomaly at the phase transition, a decrease in the switchable polarization and an increase in the coercive field of hysteresis loops.
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12
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Mohapatra S, Beaurepaire E, Weber W, Bowen M, Boukari S, Da Costa V. Accessing nanoscopic polarization reversal processes in an organic ferroelectric thin film. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19466-19473. [PMID: 34792081 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Towards eliminating toxic substances from electronic devices, Croconic Acid (CA) has great potential as a sublimable organic ferroelectric material. While studies on CA thin films are just beginning to emerge, its capability to be integrated in nanodevices remains unexplored. We demonstrate at the laterally nanoscopic scale robust ferroelectric switching of a stable enduring polarization at room temperature in CA thin films, without leakage. The challenging ferroelectric characterization at the nanoscale is performed using a unique combination of piezoresponse force microscopy, polarization switching current spectroscopy and concurrent strain response. This helps rationalize the otherwise asymmetric polarization-voltage hysteresis due to background noise limited undetectable switching currents, which are statistically averaged in macrojunctions but become prevalent at the nanoscale. Apart from successfully estimating the nanoscopic polarization in CA thin films, we show that CA is a promising lead-free organic ferroelectric towards nanoscale device integration. Our results, being valid irrespective of the ferroelectrics' nature; organic or inorganic, pave the way for fundamental understandings and technological applications of nanoscopic polarization reversal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Mohapatra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eric Beaurepaire
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Martin Bowen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Samy Boukari
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Victor Da Costa
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Horiuchi S, Ishibashi S. Large polarization and record-high performance of energy storage induced by a phase change in organic molecular crystals. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14198-14206. [PMID: 34760205 PMCID: PMC8565377 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectrics that undergo electric-field-induced phase changes are promising for use as high-power electrical energy storage materials and transducers. We demonstrate the stepwise on/off switching of large polarization in a series of dielectrics by flipping their antipolar or canted electric dipoles via proton transfer and inducing simultaneous geometric changes in their π-conjugation system. Among antiferroelectric organic molecular crystals, the largest-magnitude polarization jump was obtained as 18 μC cm−2 through revisited measurements of squaric acid (SQA) crystals with improved dielectric strength. The second-best polarization jump of 15.1 μC cm−2 was achieved with a newly discovered antiferroelectric, furan-3,4-dicarboxylic acid. The field-induced dielectric phase changes show rich variations in their mechanisms. The quadruple polarization hysteresis loop observed for a 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propiolic acid crystal was caused by a two-step phase transition with moderate polarization jumps. The ferroelectric 2-phenylmalondialdehyde single crystal having canted dipoles behaved as an amphoteric dielectric, exhibiting a single or double polarization hysteresis loop depending on the direction of the external field. The magnitude of a series of observed polarizations was consistently reproduced within the simplest sublattice model by the density functional theory calculations of dipole moments flipping over a hydrogen-bonded chain or sheet (sublattice) irrespective of compounds. This finding guarantees a tool that will deepen our understanding of the microscopic phase-change mechanisms and accelerate the materials design and exploration for improving energy-storage performance. The excellent energy-storage performance of SQA was demonstrated by both a high recoverable energy-storage density Wr of 3.3 J cm−3 and a nearly ideal efficiency (90%). Because of the low crystal density, the corresponding energy density per mass (1.75 J g−1) exceeded those derived from the highest Wr values (∼8–11 J cm−3) reported for several bulk antiferroelectric ceramics , without modification to relaxor forms. Electric-field induced phase changes, which are promising for use in high-power electrical energy storage, can be realized in a series of organic dielectrics by flipping the antipolar or canted electric dipoles via proton transfer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Horiuchi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Shoji Ishibashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba 305-8568 Japan
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14
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Structural Properties and Dielectric Hysteresis of Molecular Organic Ferroelectric Grown from Different Solvents. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of crystal structure, Raman spectra, and dielectric hysteresis loops was carried out for organic ferroelectric crystals of 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) grown from ethanol (MBIet), acetone (MBIac), deuterated acetone (MBId-ac), or prepared by sublimation from gas phase (MBIgas). Raman spectroscopy shows identical frequencies of molecular vibrations in all studied crystals, proving the same molecular structure. At the same time, a detailed analysis of the asymmetry of the powder XRD reflection profiles indicates the presence of nano-scaled regions with the same MBI symmetry and crystal structure but slightly different sizes and unit cell parameters. The formation of the MBI modifications is associated with possible penetration of solvent molecules into the voids of the MBI crystal structure. Dielectric hysteresis loops in MBIet and MBId-ac crystals at room temperature demonstrate significantly different values of coercive fields Ec. Analysis of hysteresis loops within the framework of the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi (KAI) model shows that the polarization switching in MBId-ac occurs much faster than in MBIet crystals, which in the KAI model is associated with different values of the characteristic frequency ω0 and the activation field Ea of the domains wall motion.
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15
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Saunders LK, Yeung HHM, Warren MR, Smith P, Gurney S, Dodsworth SF, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Wilcox A, Hathaway PV, Preece G, Roberts P, Barnett SA, Allan DR. An electric field cell for performing in situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:1349-1359. [PMID: 34667446 PMCID: PMC8493620 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721007469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent increase in research into ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials, studying the solid-state properties in situ under applied electric fields is vital in understanding the underlying processes. Where this behaviour is the result of atomic displacements, crystallographic insight has an important role. This work presents a sample environment designed to apply an electric field to single-crystal samples in situ on the small-molecule single-crystal diffraction beamline I19, Diamond Light Source (UK). The configuration and operation of the cell is described as well as its application to studies of a proton-transfer colour-change material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K. Saunders
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish H.-M. Yeung
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Haworth Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Warren
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Smith
- Technical, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Gurney
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen F. Dodsworth
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Inigo J. Vitorica-Yrezabal
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Wilcox
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V. Hathaway
- Life Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Preece
- Technical, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roberts
- Technical, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Barnett
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Allan
- Physical Science, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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16
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Saunders LK, Pallipurath AR, Gutmann MJ, Nowell H, Zhang N, Allan DR. A quantum crystallographic approach to short hydrogen bonds. CrystEngComm 2021; 23:6180-6190. [PMID: 34588923 PMCID: PMC8436739 DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we use high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction for electron density mapping, in conjunction with ab initio modelling, to study short O-H⋯O and O+-H⋯O- hydrogen bonds whose behaviour is known to be tuneable by temperature. The short hydrogen bonds have donor-acceptor distances in the region of 2.45 Å and are formed in substituted urea and organic acid molecular complexes of N,N'-dimethylurea oxalic acid 2 : 1 (1), N,N-dimethylurea 2,4-dinitrobenzoate 1 : 1 (2) and N,N-dimethylurea 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid 2 : 2 (3). From the combined analyses, these complexes are found to fall within the salt-cocrystal continuum and exhibit short hydrogen bonds that can be characterised as both strong and electrostatic (1, 3) or very strong with a significant covalent contribution (2). An additional charge assisted component is found to be important in distinguishing the relatively uncommon O-H⋯O pseudo-covalent interaction from a typical strong hydrogen bond. The electron density is found to be sensitive to the extent of static proton transfer, presenting it as a useful parameter in the study of the salt-cocrystal continuum. From complementary calculated hydrogen atom potentials, we attribute changes in proton position to the molecular environment. Calculated potentials also show zero barrier to proton migration, forming an 'energy slide' between the donor and acceptor atoms. The better fundamental understanding of the short hydrogen bond in the 'zone of fluctuation' presented in a salt-cocrystal continuum, enabled by studies like this, provide greater insight into their related properties and can have implications in the regulation of pharmaceutical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K Saunders
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | - Anuradha R Pallipurath
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Research Complex at Harwell Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization, University of Strathclyde G1 1RD UK
| | - Matthias J Gutmann
- ISIS Pulsed Muon and Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Harriott Nowell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | - Ningjin Zhang
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1HE UK
| | - David R Allan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0DE UK
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17
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Akutagawa T, Takeda T, Hoshino N. Dynamics of proton, ion, molecule, and crystal lattice in functional molecular assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8378-8401. [PMID: 34369489 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular processes, such as short- or long-range proton (H+) and ion (M+) motions, and molecular rotations in electrical conducting and magnetic molecular assemblies enable the fabrication of electron-H+ (or M+) coupling systems, while crystal lattice dynamics and molecular conformation changes in hydrogen-bonded molecular crystals have been utilised in external stimuli responsive reversible gas-induced gate opening and molecular adsorption/desorption behavior. These dynamics of the polar structural units are responsible for the dielectric measurements. The H+ dynamics are formed from ferroelectrics and H+ conductors, while the dynamic M+ motions of Li+ and Na+ involve ionic conductors and coupling to the conduction electrons. In n-type organic semiconductors, the crystal lattices are modulated by replacing M+ cations, with cations such as Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. The use of polar rotator or inversion structures such as alkyl amides, m-fluoroanilinium cations, and bowl-shaped trithiasumanene π-cores enables the formation of ferroelectric molecular assemblies. The host-guest molecular systems of ESIPT fluorescent chromic molecules showed interesting molecular sensing properties using various bases, where the dynamic transformation of the crystal lattice and the molecular conformational change were coupled to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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18
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Pereira NAM, Nunes CM, Reva I, Fausto R. Evidence of IR-Induced Chemistry in a Neat Solid: Tautomerization of Thiotropolone by Thermal, Electronic, and Vibrational Excitations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6394-6403. [PMID: 34275275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiotropolone isolated in argon and xenon matrices (as monomers) or in a neat solid (as the crystalline or amorphous state) at low temperature was found to exist only in the thione-enol form. Visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm) leads to thione-enol → thiol-keto tautomerization in matrices and under neat solid conditions at 15 K. The assignment of the IR spectra of the two thiotropolone tautomers (thione-enol and thiol-keto) was carried out with the support of B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) computations. The thiol-keto form generated in situ in a neat solid was found to tautomerize back to the thione-enol upon annealing up to 100 K. Gaussian-4 (G4) computations estimate that such a tautomerization process has an energy barrier of ∼25 kJ mol-1, which is consistent with the observations. Moreover, it was found that narrowband IR irradiation of the thiol-keto form in a neat solid, at the frequency of its CH stretching overtones/combination modes, also induces tautomerization to the thione-enol form. Such a result constitutes an important demonstration of vibrationally induced chemistry under neat solid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A M Pereira
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M Nunes
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Igor Reva
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Fausto
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Socol M, Trupina L, Galca AC, Chirila C, Stan GE, Vlaicu AM, Stanciu AE, Boni AG, Botea M, Stanculescu A, Pintilie L, Borca B. Electro-active properties of nanostructured films of cytosine and guanine nucleobases. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:415702. [PMID: 34214995 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac10e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of multifunctional properties related to electro-activity of organic systems of biomolecules is important for a variety of applications, especially for devices in the realm of biocompatible sensors and/or bioactuators. A further step towards such applications is to prepare thin films with the required properties. Here, the investigation is focused on the characterization of films of guanine and cytosine nucleobases, prepared by thermal evaporation-an industrial accessible deposition technique. The cytosine films have an orthorhombic non-centrosymmetric structure and grow in two interconnected nanostructured fractal patterns, of nearly equal proportion. Piezoresponse force microscopy images acquired at room temperature on the cytosine films display large zones with antiparallel alignment of the vertical components of the polarization vector. Guanine films have a dense nano-grained morphology. Our studies reveal electrical polarization switching effects which can be related to ferroelectricity in the films of guanine molecules. Characteristic ferroelectric polarization-electric-field hysteresis loops showing large electrical polarization are observed at low temperatures up to 200 K. Above this temperature, the guanine films have a preponderant paraelectric phase containing residual or locally induced nano-scopic ferroelectric domains, as observed by piezoresponse force microscopy at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Socol
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Lucian Trupina
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Chirila
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - George E Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Aurel-Mihai Vlaicu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Anda Elena Stanciu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Andra Georgia Boni
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Botea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Anca Stanculescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Lucian Pintilie
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Bogdana Borca
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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20
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Parisi E, Centore R. Stabilization of an elusive tautomer by metal coordination. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:395-401. [PMID: 34216445 PMCID: PMC8254526 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621006203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid-state isolation of the different tautomers of a chemical compound can be a challenging problem. In many cases, tautomers with an energy very close to the most stable one cannot be isolated (elusive tautomers). In this article, with reference to the 4-methyl-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole ligand, for which the elusive 3H-tautomer has an energy only 1.4 kcal mol-1 greater than the most stable 2H form, we show that metal complexation is a successful and reliable way for stabilizing the elusive tautomer. We have prepared two complexes of the neutral ligand with CuBr2 and ZnBr2, namely, aquabromidobis[4-methyl-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole]copper(II) bromide trihydrate, [CuBr(C8H7N7)2(H2O)]Br·3H2O, and dibromido[4-methyl-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole][4-methyl-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole]zinc(II) monohydrate, [ZnBr2(C8H7N7)2]·H2O. The X-ray analysis shows that, in both cases, the elusive 3H-tautomer is present. The results of the crystallographic analysis of the two complexes reflect the different coordination preferences of CuII and ZnII. The copper(II) complex is homotautomeric as it only contains the elusive 3H-tautomer of the ligand. The complex can be described as octahedral with tetragonal distortion. Two 3H-triazolotriazole ligands are bis-chelated in the equatorial plane, while a water molecule and a bromide ion in elongated axial positions complete the coordination environment. The zinc(II) complex, on the other hand, is heterotautomeric and contains two bromide ions and two monodentate ligand molecules, one in the 2H-tautomeric form and the other in the 3H-tautomeric form, both coordinated to the metal in tetrahedral geometry. The observation of mixed-tautomer complexes is unprecedented for neutral ligands. The analysis of the X-ray molecular structures of the two complexes allows the deduction of possible rules for a rational design of mixed-tautomer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuele Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Centore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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21
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Guo Q, Ji D, Zhao J. Theoretical insights into photochemical behavior and ESIPT mechanism for 2,6-dimethyl phenyl derivatives. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Okenyi MTO, Ratcliff LE, Walsh A. Multi-phonon proton transfer pathway in a molecular organic ferroelectric crystal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2885-2890. [PMID: 33475125 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04236f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of ferroelectrics research has been focused on inorganic ceramics, molecular ferroelectrics can also combine large spontaneous polarization with high Curie temperatures. However, the microscopic mechanism of their ferroelectric switching is not fully understood. We explore proton tautomerism in the prototypical case of croconic acid, C5O5H2. In order to determine how efficiently ferroelectricity in croconic acid is described in terms of its Γ-point phonon modes, the minimum energy path between its structural ground states is approximated by projection onto reduced basis sets formed from subsets of these modes. The potential energy curve along the minimum energy path was found to be sensitive to the order of proton transfer, which requires a large subset (⪆8) of the modes to be approximated accurately. Our findings suggest rules for the construction of effective Hamiltonians to describe proton transfer ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E Ratcliff
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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23
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Ferroelectric columnar assemblies from the bowl-to-bowl inversion of aromatic cores. Nat Commun 2021; 12:768. [PMID: 33536427 PMCID: PMC7859410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic ferroelectrics, in which the constituent molecules retain remanent polarization, represent an important topic in condensed-matter science, and their attractive properties, which include lightness, flexibility, and non-toxicity, are of potential use in state-of-the-art ferroelectric devices. However, the mechanisms for the generation of ferroelectricity in such organic compounds remain limited to a few representative concepts, which has hitherto severely hampered progress in this area. Here, we demonstrate that a bowl-to-bowl inversion of a relatively small organic molecule with a bowl-shaped π-aromatic core generates ferroelectric dipole relaxation. The present results thus reveal an unprecedented concept to produce ferroelectricity in small organic molecules, which can be expected to strongly impact materials science. Organic ferroelectrics are of potential use in state-of-the-art ferroelectric devices but mechanistic insight in generating ferroelectricity remains limited. Here, the authors demonstrate that a bowl-to-bowl inversion of a bowl shaped organic molecule generates ferroelectric dipole relaxation, extending the concept of ferroelectricity in small organic molecules.
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24
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Parisi E, Capasso D, Capobianco A, Peluso A, Di Gaetano S, Fusco S, Manfredi C, Mozzillo R, Pinto G, Centore R. Tautomeric and conformational switching in a new versatile N-rich heterocyclic ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14452-14462. [PMID: 33043951 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new N-rich triazolo-triazole derivative, 4-methyl-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole (C8H7N7), bearing a pyrazine residue at 7-position of the triazolo-triazole bicycle, was synthesized, and its acid-base and metal coordination properties were evaluated in solution. The results showed amphoteric behavior and the formation of stable complexes with Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) in pH intervals in which the ligand is neutral or deprotonated. Computational studies were performed in order to evaluate the stability of the different tautomers/conformers of the ligand, and the proton position in the neutral and acidic forms. Single crystal X-ray analysis of the free neutral ligand (2H/s-trans tautomer/conformer), and of its singly protonated (2H-3H/s-trans), doubly protonated (2H-3H-7H/s-trans) and deprotonated forms showed that the influence of the pyrazine ring on the triazolo-triazole system is mainly as electron withdrawing and chelating group, and proton acceptor. Different coordination modes have been evidenced for the neutral and deprotonated ligand. Upon metal coordination, the neutral ligand switches from 2H/s-trans to 3H/s-cis tautomer/conformer forming five-membered chelate rings, while the anionic deprotonated ligand forms six-membered chelate rings in the s-trans conformation. Altogether, five different tautomers/conformers of the ligand were isolated and characterized. In vitro tests confirmed the general antiproliferative activity of triazolo-triazole compounds and the importance of substitution in position 7 for their selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuele Parisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Capasso
- CESTEV, University of Naples Federico II, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- CNR-Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Fusco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carla Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Mozzillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Centore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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25
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Crystal Structure, Raman Spectroscopy and Dielectric Properties of New Semiorganic Crystals Based on 2-Methylbenzimidazole. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New single crystals, based on 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI), of MBI-phosphite (C16H24N4O7P2), MBI-phosphate-1 (C16H24N4O9P2), and MBI-phosphate-2 (C8H16N2O9P2) were obtained by slow evaporation method from a mixture of alcohol solution of MBI crystals and water solution of phosphorous or phosphoric acids. Crystal structures and chemical compositions were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and confirmed by XRD of powders and elemental analysis. Raman spectroscopy of new crystals evidences the presence in crystals of MBI-, H3PO3-, or H3PO4- and water molecules. Dielectric properties of crystals reveal strong increase and low frequency dispersion of dielectric constant and losses at heating, indicating the appearance of proton conductivity. At low temperatures in MBI-phosphate-2, an increase of dielectric constant analogous to quantum paraelectric state is observed.
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Lengyel J, Wang X, Choi ES, Besara T, Schönemann R, Ramakrishna SK, Holleman J, Blockmon AL, Hughey KD, Liu T, Hudis J, Beery D, Balicas L, McGill SA, Hanson K, Musfeldt JL, Siegrist T, Dalal NS, Shatruk M. Antiferroelectric Phase Transition in a Proton-Transfer Salt of Squaric Acid and 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16279-16287. [PMID: 31550144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A proton-transfer reaction between squaric acid (H2sq) and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (2,3-Me2pyz) results in crystallization of a new organic antiferroelectric (AFE), (2,3-Me2pyzH+)(Hsq-)·H2O (1), which possesses a layered structure. The structure of each layer can be described as partitioned into strips lined with methyl groups of the Me2pyzH+ cations and strips featuring extensive hydrogen bonding between the Hsq- anions and water molecules. Variable-temperature dielectric measurements and crystal structures determined through a combination of single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction reveal an AFE ordering at 104 K. The phase transition is driven by ordering of protons within the hydrogen-bonded strips. Considering the extent of proton transfer, the paraelectric (PE) state can be formulated as (2,3-Me2pyzH+)2(Hsq23-)(H5O2+), whereas the AFE phase can be described as (2,3-Me2pyzH+)(Hsq-)(H2O). The structural transition caused by the localization of protons results in the change in color from yellow in the PE state to colorless in the AFE state. The occurrence and mechanism of the AFE phase transition have been also confirmed by heat capacity measurements and variable-temperature infrared and Raman spectroscopy. This work demonstrates a potentially promising approach to the design of new electrically ordered materials by engineering molecule-based crystal structures in which hydrogen-bonding interactions are intentionally partitioned into quasi-one-dimensional regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Eun Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Tiglet Besara
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Rico Schönemann
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Sanath Kumar Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Jade Holleman
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Physics , Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Avery L Blockmon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 1420 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Kendall D Hughey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 1420 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Tianhan Liu
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Jacob Hudis
- Department of Physics , Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Drake Beery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Physics , Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Stephen A McGill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Janice L Musfeldt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 1420 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of Tennessee , 1408 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , FAMU-FSU College of Engineering , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Naresh S Dalal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
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Dutta S, Vikas, Yadav A, Boomishankar R, Bala A, Kumar V, Chakraborty T, Elizabeth S, Munshi P. Record-high thermal stability achieved in a novel single-component all-organic ferroelectric crystal exhibiting polymorphism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9610-9613. [PMID: 31317974 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, lead and heavy metal containing inorganic oxides dominate the area of ferroelectricity. Although, recently, lightweight non-toxic organic ferroelectrics have emerged as excellent alternatives, achieving higher temperature up to which the ferroelectric phase can persist has remained a challenge. Moreover, only a few of those are single-component molecular ferroelectrics and were discovered upon revisiting their crystal structures. Here we report a novel phenanthroimidazole derivative, which not only displays notable spontaneous and highly stable remnant polarizations with a low coercive field but also retains its ferroelectric phase up to a record-high temperature of ∼521 K. Subsequently, the crystal undergoes phase transition to form non-polar and centrosymmetric polymorphs, the first study of its kind in a single-component ferroelectric crystal. Moreover, the compound exhibits a significantly high thermal stability. Given the excellent figures-of-merit for ferroelectricity, this material is likely to find potential applications in microelectronic devices pertaining to non-volatile memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Dutta
- Chemical and Biological Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 201314, UP, India.
| | - Vikas
- Chemical and Biological Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 201314, UP, India.
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anu Bala
- Centre for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India and Dr Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Suja Elizabeth
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Parthapratim Munshi
- Chemical and Biological Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 201314, UP, India.
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Hayashi M, Takahashi Y, Yoshida Y, Sugimoto K, Kitagawa H. Role of d-Elements in a Proton–Electron Coupling of d–π Hybridized Electron Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11686-11693. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Hayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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29
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Vijayakanth T, Pandey R, Kulkarni P, Praveenkumar B, Kabra D, Boomishankar R. Hydrogen-bonded organo-amino phosphonium halides: dielectric, piezoelectric and possible ferroelectric properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7331-7336. [PMID: 30839960 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04498h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular ferroelectric materials are an exciting class of materials for potential applications in energy and electronics. Herein, we report examples of hydrogen-bonded binary salts of diphenyl diisopropylamino phosphonium halides [Ph2(iPrNH)2P]·X [DPDP·X, X = Cl, Br, I] which show dielectric, piezoelectric and NLO properties and some potentially ferroelectric attributes at room temperature. The phosphonium bromide salt was prepared by bromination of the phosphine precursor Ph2PCl and its subsequent treatment with isopropyl amine. The chloride and iodide salts were synthesized by the halogen exchange reaction of the bromide salt. The variable temperature single crystal X-ray analysis indicates the retention of the polar non-centrosymmetric phase of these materials for a wide range of temperatures from 100 to 400 K and above. All these assemblies were shown to exhibit 1D H-bonded chain structures along the crystallographic b-axis. The P-E loop measurements of these salts gave curves similar to those of non-linear leaky dielectric materials. However, the vertical piezoresponse force microscopy (V-PFM) analyses showed the existence of polarizable domain inversions indicating the possibility of ferroelectric behaviour in these materials. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements on these salts support the absence of phase transition temperatures in these assemblies. Also, bias-dependent PFM studies reveal their piezoelectric nature as the obtained converse piezoelectric coefficients are consistent with the d33 values obtained by the direct quasi-static methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune - 411008, India
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Horiuchi S, Ishibashi S, Kobayashi K, Kumai R. Coexistence of normal and inverse deuterium isotope effects in a phase-transition sequence of organic ferroelectrics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39662-39673. [PMID: 35541415 PMCID: PMC9076125 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular cocrystals of anilic acids with 2,2′-bipyridines exhibit successive phase transitions as well as unusual isotope effects. Ferroelectricity driven by a cooperative proton transfer along the supramolecular chains is accompanied by huge permittivity (a maximum of 13 000) at the Curie point, as well as a large spontaneous polarization (maximum 5 μC cm−2) and a low coercive field ranging from 0.5 to 10 kV cm−1. Deuterium substitutions over the hydrogen bonds smoothly raise the Curie point and simultaneously reduce other phase-transition temperatures by a few tens of degrees. The coexistence of opposite isotope effects reduces the temperature interval of the intermediate paraelectric phase from 84 to 10 K for the 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridinium bromanilate salt. The bipyridine molecules exhibit interplanar twisting, which represents the order parameter relevant to the high-temperature phase transitions. The normal and inverse temperature shifts are ascribed to the direct and indirect effects, respectively, of the lengthened hydrogen bonds, which adjusts the molecular conformation of the flexible bipyridine unit so as to minimally modify their adjacent intermolecular interactions. Deuterium substitutions of the hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics smoothly raise the Curie point and simultaneously reduce other phase-transition temperatures by a few tens of degrees.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Horiuchi
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute (ESPRIT)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Shoji Ishibashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Kensuke Kobayashi
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory
- Institute of Materials Structure Science
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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32
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Ultrafast polarization control by terahertz fields via π-electron wavefunction changes in hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15014. [PMID: 30301914 PMCID: PMC6177455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid polarization control by an electric field in ferroelectrics is important to realize high-frequency modulation of light, which has potential applications in optical communications. To achieve this, a key strategy is to use an electronic part of ferroelectric polarization. A hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectric, croconic acid, is a good candidate, since π-electron polarization within each molecule is theoretically predicted to play a significant role in the ferroelectric-state formation, as well as the proton displacements. Here, we show that a sub-picosecond polarization modulation is possible in croconic acid using a terahertz pulse. The terahertz-pulse-pump second-harmonic-generation-probe and optical-reflectivity-probe spectroscopy reveal that the amplitude of polarization modulation reaches 10% via the electric-field-induced modifications of π-electron wavefunctions. Moreover, the measurement of electric-field-induced changes in the infrared molecular vibrational spectrum elucidates that the contribution of proton displacements to the polarization modulation is negligibly small. These results demonstrate the electronic nature of polarization in hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics. The ultrafast polarization control via π-electron systems observed in croconic acid is expected to be possible in many other hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics and utilized for future high-speed optical-modulation devices.
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Vijayakanth T, Srivastava AK, Ram F, Kulkarni P, Shanmuganathan K, Praveenkumar B, Boomishankar R. A Flexible Composite Mechanical Energy Harvester from a Ferroelectric Organoamino Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9054-9058. [PMID: 29851252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new binary organic salt diphenyl diisopropylamino phosphonium hexaflurophosphate (DPDP⋅PF6 ) was shown to exhibit a good ferroelectric response and employed for mechanical energy harvesting application. The phosphonium salt crystallizes in the monoclinic noncentrosymmetric space group Cc and exhibits an H-bonded 1D chain structure due to N-H⋅⋅⋅F interactions. Ferroelectric measurements on the single crystals of DPDP⋅PF6 gave a well-saturated rectangular hysteresis loop with a remnant (Pr ) polarization value of 6 μC cm-2 . Further, composite devices based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films for various weight percentages (3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wt %) of DPDP⋅PF6 were prepared and examined for power generation by using an impact test setup. A maximum output peak-to-peak voltage (VPP ) of 8.5 V and an output peak-to-peak current (IPP ) of 0.5 μA was obtained for the non-poled composite film with 10 wt % of DPDP⋅PF6 . These results show the efficacy of organic ferroelectric substances as potential micropower generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Anant Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Farsa Ram
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyangi Kulkarni
- PZT Centre, Armament Research and Development Establishment, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Balu Praveenkumar
- PZT Centre, Armament Research and Development Establishment, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Centre of Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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Vijayakanth T, Srivastava AK, Ram F, Kulkarni P, Shanmuganathan K, Praveenkumar B, Boomishankar R. A Flexible Composite Mechanical Energy Harvester from a Ferroelectric Organoamino Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Anant Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Farsa Ram
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre; Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Priyangi Kulkarni
- PZT Centre; Armament Research and Development Establishment, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411021 India
| | - Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre; Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Balu Praveenkumar
- PZT Centre; Armament Research and Development Establishment, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411021 India
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
- Centre of Energy Science; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
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Kobayashi K, Horiuchi S, Ishibashi S, Murakami Y, Kumai R. Field-Induced Antipolar-Polar Structural Transformation and Giant Electrostriction in Organic Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3842-3845. [PMID: 29505710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The field-induced antipolar-polar structural transition in an organic antiferroelectric 2-trifluoromethylnaphthimidazole crystal is investigated by performing synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The polarities of all of the hydrogen-bonded chains become parallel with each other in the presence of an external electric field. The switching is accompanied by a giant electrostriction, which provides 1 order of magnitude larger strain than the piezoelectric strain of the organic ferroelectrics: croconic acid and poly(vinylidene fluoride); however, it is comparable to those of typical commercial piezoelectric ceramics. The crystal structure analysis with electric field shows that the origin of the observed giant electrostriction can be attributed to the shear strain that emerges from the polarity switching of the hydrogen-bonded chains. The antipolar-polar structural transition in antiferroelectrics could be employed for the development of high-performance electrostrictive organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kobayashi
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- Flexible Electronics Research Center (FLEC) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Shoji Ishibashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Youichi Murakami
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
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Mukhopadhyay S, Gutmann MJ, Jiménez-Ruiz M, Jochym DB, Wikfeldt KT, Refson K, Fernandez-Alonso F. Mechanism of enhancement of ferroelectricity of croconic acid with temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32216-32225. [PMID: 29131205 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study of the thermal behaviour of atomic motions in the organic ferroelectric croconic acid is presented in the temperature range 5-300 K. Using high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering and first-principles electronic-structure calculations within the framework of density functional theory and a quasiharmonic phonon description of the material, we find that the frequencies of the well defined doublet in inelastic neutron scattering spectra associated with out-of-plane motions of hydrogen-bonded protons decrease monotonically with temperature indicating weakening of these bonding motifs and enhancement of proton motions. Theoretical mean-square displacements for these proton motions are within 5% of experimental values. A detailed analysis of this observable shows that it is unlikely that there is a facile proton transfer along the direction of ferroelectric polarization in the absence of an applied electric field. Calculations predict constrained thermal motion of proton along crystallographic lattice direction c retaining the hydrogen bond motif of the crystal at high temperature. Using the Berry-phase method, we have also calculated the spontaneous polarization of temperature dependent cell structures, and find that our computational model provides a satisfactory description of the anomalous and so far unexplained rise in bulk electric polarization with temperature. Correlating the thermal motion induced lattice strain with temperature dependent spontaneous polarizations, we conclude that increasing thermal strain with temperatures combined with constrained thermal motion along the hydrogen bond motif are responsible of this increase in ferroelectricity at high temperature.
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Horiuchi S, Kumai R, Ishibashi S. Strong polarization switching with low-energy loss in hydrogen-bonded organic antiferroelectrics. Chem Sci 2017; 9:425-432. [PMID: 29629113 PMCID: PMC5872138 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric-field-induced phase transition from antipolar to polar structures is at the heart of antiferroelectricity. We demonstrate direct evidence of antiferroelectricity by applying a strong electric field to two antipolar crystals of squaric acid (SQA) and 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium chloranilate. The field-induced polarization of SQA is quite large and reasonably explained by the theoretically calculated polarization on the hydrogen-bonded sheet sublattice. The pseudo-tetragonal lattice of SQA permits unique switching topologies that produce two different ferroelectric phases of low and high polarizations. By tilting the applied field direction, the electrical switching mechanism can be attributed to a 90° rotation of the sheet polarization. From the viewpoint of applications, the strong polarization, high switching field, and quite slim hysteresis observed in the polarization versus electric field curve for SQA are advantageous for excellent-efficiency energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horiuchi
- Flexible Electronics Research Center (FLEC) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan .
| | - R Kumai
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory , Institute of Materials Structure Science , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0801 , Japan
| | - S Ishibashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
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