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Wang F, Feng J, Yao M, Dou L, Nan S, Pang X, Nie C. Dietary succinate reduces fat deposition through gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103954. [PMID: 38909508 PMCID: PMC11253672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate has been shown to be a potentially beneficial nutritional supplement with a diverse range of physiological functions. However, it remains unknown whether succinate supplementation regulates lipid metabolism in chickens. The aim of this study was to explore how succinate affects fat deposition and the underlying mechanism involved in broilers and to determine the most appropriate level of succinate supplementation in the diet. A total of 640 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates and 20 broilers per replicate. A basal diet was provided to the control group (CON). The experimental broilers were fed diets containing 0.2% (L), 0.4% (M), or 0.6% (H) succinate and the study was lasted for 21 d. The linear (l) and quadratic (q) effects of succinate addition were determined. The results indicated that supplementation with 0.4% succinate reduced ADFI, serum triglycerides (l, q; P < 0.05), glucose (q; P < 0.05), and increased high-density lipidprotein cholesterol (l, q; P < 0.05) concentrations in broilers. Moreover, 0.4% succinate affects lipid metabolism by decreasing the abdominal fat percentage and adipocyte surface area, the expression of genes that promote liposynthesis in the abdominal fat and liver, as well as increasing the expression of genes that promote lipolysis in the abdominal fat and liver. In addition, increased cecal propionic acid content (q, P < 0.05) was found in the M group compared to the CON group. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that group M altered cecum microbial composition by increasing the abundance of genera such as Blautia and Sellimonas (P < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomic analysis revealed that the differential metabolites between the M and CON groups were enriched in amino acid-related pathways. In conclusion, the optimum level of succinate added to broiler diets in the present study was 0.4%. Succinate can potentially reduce fat accumulation in broilers by modulating the composition of the gut flora and amino acid metabolism related to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lijing Dou
- Animal Husbandry and veterinary workstation of the 8th Division, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Shanshan Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xiaotong Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China;.
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2
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Asantewaa G, Tuttle ET, Ward NP, Kang YP, Kim Y, Kavanagh ME, Girnius N, Chen Y, Rodriguez K, Hecht F, Zocchi M, Smorodintsev-Schiller L, Scales TQ, Taylor K, Alimohammadi F, Duncan RP, Sechrist ZR, Agostini-Vulaj D, Schafer XL, Chang H, Smith ZR, O'Connor TN, Whelan S, Selfors LM, Crowdis J, Gray GK, Bronson RT, Brenner D, Rufini A, Dirksen RT, Hezel AF, Huber AR, Munger J, Cravatt BF, Vasiliou V, Cole CL, DeNicola GM, Harris IS. Glutathione synthesis in the mouse liver supports lipid abundance through NRF2 repression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6152. [PMID: 39034312 PMCID: PMC11271484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells rely on antioxidants to survive. The most abundant antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The synthesis of GSH is non-redundantly controlled by the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). GSH imbalance is implicated in many diseases, but the requirement for GSH in adult tissues is unclear. To interrogate this, we have developed a series of in vivo models to induce Gclc deletion in adult animals. We find that GSH is essential to lipid abundance in vivo. GSH levels are highest in liver tissue, which is also a hub for lipid production. While the loss of GSH does not cause liver failure, it decreases lipogenic enzyme expression, circulating triglyceride levels, and fat stores. Mechanistically, we find that GSH promotes lipid abundance by repressing NRF2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress. These studies identify GSH as a fulcrum in the liver's balance of redox buffering and triglyceride production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily T Tuttle
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nathan P Ward
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Madeline E Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Leonid Smorodintsev-Schiller
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - TashJaé Q Scales
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kira Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fatemeh Alimohammadi
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Renae P Duncan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zachary R Sechrist
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Diana Agostini-Vulaj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xenia L Schafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hayley Chang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zachary R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas N O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Whelan
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jett Crowdis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aaron R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Calvin L Cole
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Deja S, Fletcher JA, Kim CW, Kucejova B, Fu X, Mizerska M, Villegas M, Pudelko-Malik N, Browder N, Inigo-Vollmer M, Menezes CJ, Mishra P, Berglund ED, Browning JD, Thyfault JP, Young JD, Horton JD, Burgess SC. Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1088-1104.e12. [PMID: 38447582 PMCID: PMC11081827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) promotes prandial liver metabolism by producing malonyl-CoA, a substrate for de novo lipogenesis and an inhibitor of CPT-1-mediated fat oxidation. We report that inhibition of ACC also produces unexpected secondary effects on metabolism. Liver-specific double ACC1/2 knockout (LDKO) or pharmacologic inhibition of ACC increased anaplerosis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and gluconeogenesis by activating hepatic CPT-1 and pyruvate carboxylase flux in the fed state. Fasting should have marginalized the role of ACC, but LDKO mice maintained elevated TCA cycle intermediates and preserved glycemia during fasting. These effects were accompanied by a compensatory induction of proteolysis and increased amino acid supply for gluconeogenesis, which was offset by increased protein synthesis during feeding. Such adaptations may be related to Nrf2 activity, which was induced by ACC inhibition and correlated with fasting amino acids. The findings reveal unexpected roles for malonyl-CoA synthesis in liver and provide insight into the broader effects of pharmacologic ACC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Blanka Kucejova
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Morgan Villegas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Natalia Pudelko-Malik
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas Browder
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Melissa Inigo-Vollmer
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Cameron J Menezes
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Browning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Internal Medicine and KU Diabetes Institute, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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4
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Lin J, Rao D, Zhang M, Gao Q. Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:6. [PMID: 38297372 PMCID: PMC10832230 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for metabolic homeostasis. The onset of liver cancer is often accompanied by dysregulated liver function, leading to metabolic rearrangements. Overwhelming evidence has illustrated that dysregulated cellular metabolism can, in turn, promote anabolic growth and tumor propagation in a hostile microenvironment. In addition to supporting continuous tumor growth and survival, disrupted metabolic process also creates obstacles for the anticancer immune response and restrains durable clinical remission following immunotherapy. In this review, we elucidate the metabolic communication between liver cancer cells and their surrounding immune cells and discuss how metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer impacts the immune microenvironment and the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. We also describe the crucial role of the gut-liver axis in remodeling the metabolic crosstalk of immune surveillance and escape, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongning Rao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Hecht F, Zocchi M, Alimohammadi F, Harris IS. Regulation of antioxidants in cancer. Mol Cell 2024; 84:23-33. [PMID: 38029751 PMCID: PMC10843710 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Scientists in this field often joke, "If you don't have a mechanism, say it's ROS." Seemingly connected to every biological process ever described, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have numerous pleiotropic roles in physiology and disease. In some contexts, ROS act as secondary messengers, controlling a variety of signaling cascades. In other scenarios, they initiate damage to macromolecules. Finally, in their worst form, ROS are deadly to cells and surrounding tissues. A set of molecules with detoxifying abilities, termed antioxidants, is the direct counterpart to ROS. Notably, antioxidants exist in the public domain, touted as a "cure-all" for diseases. Research has disproved many of these claims and, in some cases, shown the opposite. Of all the diseases, cancer stands out in its paradoxical relationship with antioxidants. Although the field has made numerous strides in understanding the roles of antioxidants in cancer, many questions remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marco Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Fatemeh Alimohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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6
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Yang F, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Shaha A, Wang Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Lai J, Kang N. Metabolic reprogramming and its clinical implication for liver cancer. Hepatology 2023; 78:1602-1624. [PMID: 36626639 PMCID: PMC10315435 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells often encounter hypoxic and hypo-nutrient conditions, which force them to make adaptive changes to meet their high demands for energy and various biomaterials for biomass synthesis. As a result, enhanced catabolism (breakdown of macromolecules for energy production) and anabolism (macromolecule synthesis from bio-precursors) are induced in cancer. This phenomenon is called "metabolic reprogramming," a cancer hallmark contributing to cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance. HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are 2 different liver cancers with high intertumoral heterogeneity in terms of etiologies, mutational landscapes, transcriptomes, and histological representations. In agreement, metabolism in HCC or CCA is remarkably heterogeneous, although changes in the glycolytic pathways and an increase in the generation of lactate (the Warburg effect) have been frequently detected in those tumors. For example, HCC tumors with activated β-catenin are addicted to fatty acid catabolism, whereas HCC tumors derived from fatty liver avoid using fatty acids. In this review, we describe common metabolic alterations in HCC and CCA as well as metabolic features unique for their subsets. We discuss metabolism of NAFLD as well, because NAFLD will likely become a leading etiology of liver cancer in the coming years due to the obesity epidemic in the Western world. Furthermore, we outline the clinical implication of liver cancer metabolism and highlight the computation and systems biology approaches, such as genome-wide metabolic models, as a valuable tool allowing us to identify therapeutic targets and develop personalized treatments for liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Yang
- BA/MD Joint Admission Scholars Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Food Science and Nutrition Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Aurpita Shaha
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xianghu Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Ningling Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
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7
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Tong Q, Yan D, Cao Y, Dong X, Abula Y, Yang H, Kong P, Yi M. NVS-ZP7-4 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis and promotes apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signaling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11795. [PMID: 37479837 PMCID: PMC10362011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
NVS-ZP7-4 was identified as a novel chemical reagent targeting the zinc input protein ZIP7, which accounts for the zinc surge from the apparatus to the cytoplasm. Since zinc dysregulation is related to multiple diseases, in this study, we aimed to identify the anti-tumor effects of NVS-ZP7-4 and explore the molecular mechanisms of NVS-ZP7-4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. We found that NVS-ZP7-4 inhibited cell viability, caused cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. We further investigated the inhibited activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was involved in the antitumor effect of NVS-ZP7-4 in HCC. Furthermore, NVS-ZP7-4 inhibited HCC tumor growth in vivo. The present study demonstrated that NVS-ZP7-4 is a promising therapeutic target for HCC by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yimamumaimaitijiang Abula
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Panpan Kong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingyu Yi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China.
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8
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Wali JA, Ni D, Facey HJW, Dodgson T, Pulpitel TJ, Senior AM, Raubenheimer D, Macia L, Simpson SJ. Determining the metabolic effects of dietary fat, sugars and fat-sugar interaction using nutritional geometry in a dietary challenge study with male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4409. [PMID: 37479702 PMCID: PMC10362033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects of sugars and fat lie at the heart of the "carbohydrate vs fat" debate on the global obesity epidemic. Here, we use nutritional geometry to systematically investigate the interaction between dietary fat and the major monosaccharides, fructose and glucose, and their impact on body composition and metabolic health. Male mice (n = 245) are maintained on one of 18 isocaloric diets for 18-19 weeks and their metabolic status is assessed through in vivo procedures and by in vitro assays involving harvested tissue samples. We find that in the setting of low and medium dietary fat content, a 50:50 mixture of fructose and glucose (similar to high-fructose corn syrup) is more obesogenic and metabolically adverse than when either monosaccharide is consumed alone. With increasing dietary fat content, the effects of dietary sugar composition on metabolic status become less pronounced. Moreover, higher fat intake is more harmful for glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity irrespective of the sugar mix consumed. The type of fat consumed (soy oil vs lard) does not modify these outcomes. Our work shows that both dietary fat and sugars can lead to adverse metabolic outcomes, depending on the dietary context. This study shows how the principles of the two seemingly conflicting models of obesity (the "energy balance model" and the "carbohydrate insulin model") can be valid, and it will help in progressing towards a unified model of obesity. The main limitations of this study include the use of male mice of a single strain, and not testing the metabolic effects of fructose intake via sugary drinks, which are strongly linked to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Harrison J W Facey
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Dodgson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara J Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Gilgenkrantz H, Paradis V, Lotersztajn S. Cell metabolism-based therapy for liver fibrosis, repair, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00454. [PMID: 37212145 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Progression of chronic liver injury to fibrosis, abnormal liver regeneration, and HCC is driven by a dysregulated dialog between epithelial cells and their microenvironment, in particular immune, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. There is currently no antifibrogenic therapy, and drug treatment of HCC is limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy targeting the tumor microenvironment. Metabolic reprogramming of epithelial and nonparenchymal cells is critical at each stage of disease progression, suggesting that targeting specific metabolic pathways could constitute an interesting therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss how modulating intrinsic metabolism of key effector liver cells might disrupt the pathogenic sequence from chronic liver injury to fibrosis/cirrhosis, regeneration, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gilgenkrantz
- Paris-Cité University, INSERM, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Paris-Cité University, INSERM, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
- Pathology Department, Beaujon Hospital APHP, Paris-Cité University, Clichy, France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Paris-Cité University, INSERM, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
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10
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Abstract
Few metabolites can claim a more central and versatile role in cell metabolism than acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is produced during nutrient catabolism to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is the essential building block for fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis. It also functions as a signalling metabolite as the substrate for lysine acetylation reactions, enabling the modulation of protein functions in response to acetyl-CoA availability. Recent years have seen exciting advances in our understanding of acetyl-CoA metabolism in normal physiology and in cancer, buoyed by new mouse models, in vivo stable-isotope tracing approaches and improved methods for measuring acetyl-CoA, including in specific subcellular compartments. Efforts to target acetyl-CoA metabolic enzymes are also advancing, with one therapeutic agent targeting acetyl-CoA synthesis receiving approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. In this Review, we give an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of major metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We further discuss recent advances in understanding acetyl-CoA metabolism in normal tissues and tumours and the potential for targeting these pathways therapeutically. We conclude with a commentary on emerging nodes of acetyl-CoA metabolism that may impact cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Asantewaa G, Tuttle ET, Ward NP, Kang YP, Kim Y, Kavanagh ME, Girnius N, Chen Y, Duncan R, Rodriguez K, Hecht F, Zocchi M, Smorodintsev-Schiller L, Scales TQ, Taylor K, Alimohammadi F, Sechrist ZR, Agostini-Vulaj D, Schafer XL, Chang H, Smith Z, O'Connor TN, Whelan S, Selfors LM, Crowdis J, Gray GK, Bronson RT, Brenner D, Rufini A, Dirksen RT, Hezel AF, Huber AR, Munger J, Cravatt BF, Vasiliou V, Cole CL, DeNicola GM, Harris IS. Glutathione supports lipid abundance in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.524960. [PMID: 36798186 PMCID: PMC9934595 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.524960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells rely on antioxidants to survive. The most abundant antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The synthesis of GSH is non-redundantly controlled by the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). GSH imbalance is implicated in many diseases, but the requirement for GSH in adult tissues is unclear. To interrogate this, we developed a series of in vivo models to induce Gclc deletion in adult animals. We find that GSH is essential to lipid abundance in vivo. GSH levels are reported to be highest in liver tissue, which is also a hub for lipid production. While the loss of GSH did not cause liver failure, it decreased lipogenic enzyme expression, circulating triglyceride levels, and fat stores. Mechanistically, we found that GSH promotes lipid abundance by repressing NRF2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress. These studies identify GSH as a fulcrum in the liver's balance of redox buffering and triglyceride production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Emily T Tuttle
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Nathan P Ward
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Madeline E Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Renae Duncan
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Marco Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Leonid Smorodintsev-Schiller
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - TashJaé Q Scales
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Kira Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Fatemeh Alimohammadi
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Zachary R Sechrist
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Diana Agostini-Vulaj
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Xenia L Schafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Hayley Chang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Zachary Smith
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Thomas N O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Sarah Whelan
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Jett Crowdis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Aaron R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Josh Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Calvin L Cole
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
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12
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Princová J, Salat-Canela C, Daněk P, Marešová A, de Cubas L, Bähler J, Ayté J, Hidalgo E, Převorovský M. Perturbed fatty-acid metabolism is linked to localized chromatin hyperacetylation, increased stress-response gene expression and resistance to oxidative stress. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010582. [PMID: 36626368 PMCID: PMC9870116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, psychiatric disorders and aging. In order to counteract, eliminate and/or adapt to the sources of stress, cells possess elaborate stress-response mechanisms, which also operate at the level of regulating transcription. Interestingly, it is becoming apparent that the metabolic state of the cell and certain metabolites can directly control the epigenetic information and gene expression. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the conserved Sty1 stress-activated protein kinase cascade is the main pathway responding to most types of stresses, and regulates the transcription of hundreds of genes via the Atf1 transcription factor. Here we report that fission yeast cells defective in fatty acid synthesis (cbf11, mga2 and ACC/cut6 mutants; FAS inhibition) show increased expression of a subset of stress-response genes. This altered gene expression depends on Sty1-Atf1, the Pap1 transcription factor, and the Gcn5 and Mst1 histone acetyltransferases, is associated with increased acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in the corresponding gene promoters, and results in increased cellular resistance to oxidative stress. We propose that changes in lipid metabolism can regulate the chromatin and transcription of specific stress-response genes, which in turn might help cells to maintain redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Princová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genomics, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Clàudia Salat-Canela
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petr Daněk
- Laboratory of Microbial Genomics, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Marešová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genomics, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laura de Cubas
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Převorovský
- Laboratory of Microbial Genomics, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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13
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Oaks Z, Patel A, Huang N, Choudhary G, Winans T, Faludi T, Krakko D, Duarte M, Lewis J, Beckford M, Blair S, Kelly R, Landas SK, Middleton FA, Asara JM, Chung SK, Fernandez DR, Banki K, Perl A. Cytosolic aldose metabolism contributes to progression from cirrhosis to hepatocarcinogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:41-60. [PMID: 36658399 PMCID: PMC9892301 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress modulates carcinogenesis in the liver; however, direct evidence for metabolic control of oxidative stress during pathogenesis, particularly, of progression from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been lacking. Deficiency of transaldolase (TAL), a rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), restricts growth and predisposes to cirrhosis and HCC in mice and humans. Here, we show that mitochondrial oxidative stress and progression from cirrhosis to HCC and acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis are critically dependent on NADPH depletion and polyol buildup by aldose reductase (AR), while this enzyme protects from carbon trapping in the PPP and growth restriction in TAL deficiency. Both TAL and AR are confined to the cytosol; however, their inactivation distorts mitochondrial redox homeostasis in opposite directions. The results suggest that AR acts as a rheostat of carbon recycling and NADPH output of the PPP with broad implications for disease progression from cirrhosis to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Oaks
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A Patel
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - N Huang
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - G Choudhary
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - T Winans
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - T Faludi
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - D Krakko
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - M Duarte
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J Lewis
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - M Beckford
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S Blair
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - R Kelly
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S K Landas
- Departments of Pathology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - F A Middleton
- Departments of Neuroscience, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - D R Fernandez
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - K Banki
- Departments of Pathology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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14
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Fan Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang S, Weng Y, Yang Q, Chen C, Lin L, Qiu Y, Wang J, Chen F, He B, Liu F. Development and Clinical Validation of a Novel 5 Gene Signature Based on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3285393. [PMID: 36478991 PMCID: PMC9722305 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3285393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lipid metabolism disorders play a crucial role in tumor development and progression. The aim of the study focused on constructing a novel prognostic model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients using fatty acid metabolism-related genes. METHODS Microarray test and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid metabolism. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then used to validate the expression of targeted fatty acid metabolism genes. A risk predictive scoring model of fatty acid metabolism-related genes was generated using a multivariate Cox model. The efficacy of this model was assessed by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS 14 fatty acid metabolism-related genes were identified by microarray test and TCGA database analysis and then confirmed by PCR. Finally, a 5 gene signature (ACACB, FABP3, PDK4, PPARG, and PLIN5) was constructed and a RiskScore was calculated for each patient. Compared to the high RiskScore group, the low RiskScore group had better overall survival (OS) (p = 0.02). The RiskScore derived from a 5 gene signature was a prognostic factor (HR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.38, 10.09) for OSCC patients. The predictive classification efficiencies of RiskScore were evaluated and the area under the curve (AUC) values for 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.613, 0.652, and 0.681, respectively. Then we compared the predictive performance of the prognostic model with or without the RiskScore. The 5 gene-derived RiskScore can improve the predictive performance with AUC values of 0.760, 0.803, and 0.830 for 1, 3, and 5 years OS in prognostic model including the RiskScore. While the predicted AUC values of the model without RiskScore for 1, 3, and 5 years OS were 0.699, 0.715, and 0.714, respectively. CONCLUSION We developed a predictive score model using 5 fatty acid metabolism-related genes, which could be a potential prognostic indicator in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfeng Weng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Qiujiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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15
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Zhu Y, Yang Y, Bu H, Huang H, Chen H, Ran J, Qin L, Ni Y, Yao M, Song T, Li M, Yang Y, Guo T, Chao N, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang L. Apelin‐mediated deamidation of
HMGA1
promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing
SREBP1
activity and lipid synthesis. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3722-3734. [PMID: 36087034 PMCID: PMC9633285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced fatty acid synthesis provides proliferation and survival advantages for tumor cells. Apelin is an adipokine, which serves as a ligand of G protein–coupled receptors that promote tumor growth in malignant cancers. Here, we confirmed that apelin increased sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) activity and induced the expression of glutamine amidotransferase for deamidating high‐mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) to promote fatty acid synthesis and proliferation of lung cancer cells. This post‐translational modification stabilized the HMGA1 expression and enhanced the formation of the apelin‐HMGA1‐SREBP1 complex to facilitate SREBP1 activity for lipid metabolism and lung cancer cell growth. We uncovered the pivotal role of apelin‐mediated deamidation of HMGA1 in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Liwen Qin
- Administration of Research Park, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yinyun Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Menglin Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mufeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ningning Chao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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16
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Andreani C, Bartolacci C, Scaglioni PP. Ferroptosis: A Specific Vulnerability of RAS-Driven Cancers? Front Oncol 2022; 12:923915. [PMID: 35912247 PMCID: PMC9337859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has emerged as a new type of programmed cell death that can be harnessed for cancer therapy. The concept of ferroptosis was for the first time proposed in in the early 2000s, as an iron-dependent mode of regulated cell death caused by unrestricted lipid peroxidation (LPO) and subsequent plasma membrane rupture. Since the discovery and characterization of ferroptosis, a wealth of research has improved our understanding of the main pathways regulating this process, leading to both the repurposing and the development of small molecules.However, ferroptosis is still little understood and several aspects remain to be investigated. For instance, it is unclear whether specific oncogenes, cells of origin or tumor niches impose specific susceptibility/resistance to ferroptosis or if there are some ferroptosis-related genes that may be used as bona fide pan-cancer targetable dependencies. In this context, even though RAS-driven cancer cell lines seemed to be selectively sensitive to ferroptosis inducers, subsequent studies have questioned these results, indicating that in some cases mutant RAS is necessary, but not sufficient to induce ferroptosis. In this perspective, based on publicly available genomic screening data and the literature, we discuss the relationship between RAS-mutation and ferroptosis susceptibility in cancer.
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17
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Khiewkamrop P, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Richert L, Pekthong D, Parhira S, Somran J, Srisawang P. Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:937-958. [PMID: 35243817 PMCID: PMC9063442 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH-7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage-triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg·kg-1 EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCG treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of ATP synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG-induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy‐CellPlobsheimFrance
- EA 4267 PEPITEUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
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18
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Byrne FL, Olzomer EM, Lolies N, Hoehn KL, Wegner MS. Update on Glycosphingolipids Abundance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094477. [PMID: 35562868 PMCID: PMC9102297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Low numbers of HCC patients being suitable for liver resection or transplantation and multidrug resistance development during pharmacotherapy leads to high death rates for HCC patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC etiology may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of HCC. UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG), a key enzyme in glycosphingolipid metabolism, generates glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is the precursor for all glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Since UGCG gene expression is altered in 0.8% of HCC tumors, GSLs may play a role in cellular processes in liver cancer cells. Here, we discuss the current literature about GSLs and their abundance in normal liver cells, Gaucher disease and HCC. Furthermore, we review the involvement of UGCG/GlcCer in multidrug resistance development, globosides as a potential prognostic marker for HCC, gangliosides as a potential liver cancer stem cell marker, and the role of sulfatides in tumor metastasis. Only a limited number of molecular mechanisms executed by GSLs in HCC are known, which we summarize here briefly. Overall, the role GSLs play in HCC progression and their ability to serve as biomarkers or prognostic indicators for HCC, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L. Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Ellen M. Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Nina Lolies
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Paul B, Lewinska M, Andersen JB. Lipid alterations in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100479. [PMID: 35469167 PMCID: PMC9034302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex and diverse group of molecules with crucial roles in many physiological processes, as well as in the onset, progression, and maintenance of cancers. Fatty acids and cholesterol are the building blocks of lipids, orchestrating these crucial metabolic processes. In the liver, lipid alterations are prevalent as a cause and consequence of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Recent developments in lipidomics have also revealed that dynamic changes in triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol are involved in the development and progression of primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the transcriptional landscape of lipid metabolism suggests a carcinogenic role of increasing fatty acids and sterol synthesis. However, limited mechanistic insights into the complex nature of the hepatic lipidome have so far hindered the development of effective therapies.
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20
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Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Altered de novo lipogenesis is one of the pivotal metabolic events deregulated in cancers. Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) controls the transcription of major enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, including ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD. Studies have shown the increased de novo lipogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. Multiple mechanisms, such as activation of the AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, lead to high SREBP1 induction and the coordinated enhanced expression of ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD genes. Subsequent functional analyses have unraveled these enzymes' critical role(s) and the related de novo lipogenesis in hepatocarcinogenesis. Importantly, targeting these molecules might be a promising strategy for HCC treatment. This paper comprehensively summarizes de novo lipogenesis rewiring in HCC and how this pathway might be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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21
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Supplementation of Enriched Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and CLA Cheese on High Fat Diet: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fat Profile. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030398. [PMID: 35159548 PMCID: PMC8834222 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and the onset of several metabolic diseases. This association is particularly evident in a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, typical of animal foods, such as dairy products. However, these foods are the main source of fatty acids with a proven nutraceutical effect, such as the ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA) and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which have demonstrated important roles in the prevention of various diseases. In the present study, the effect of a supplementation with cheese enriched with ω-3 fatty acids and CLA on the metabolism and lipid profiles of C57bl/6 mice was evaluated. In particular, the analyses were conducted on different tissues, such as liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain, known for their susceptibility to the effects of dietary fats. Supplementing cheese enriched in CLA and ω-3 fats reduced the level of saturated fat and increased the content of CLA and ALA in all tissues considered, except for the brain. Furthermore, the consumption of this cheese resulted in a tissue-specific response in the expression levels of genes involved in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. As regards genes involved in the inflammatory response, the consumption of enriched cheese resulted in a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes in all tissues analyzed. Considering the effects that chronic inflammation associated with a high-calorie and high-fat diet (meta-inflammation) or aging (inflammaging) has on the onset of chronic degenerative diseases, these data could be of great interest as they indicate the feasibility of modulating inflammation (thus avoiding/delaying these pathologies) with a nutritional and non-pharmacological intervention.
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22
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Zhang Z, TeSlaa T, Xu X, Zeng X, Yang L, Xing G, Tesz GJ, Clasquin MF, Rabinowitz JD. Serine catabolism generates liver NADPH and supports hepatic lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1608-1620. [PMID: 34845393 PMCID: PMC8721747 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate can be converted into fat by de novo lipogenesis, a process upregulated in fatty liver disease. Chemically, de novo lipogenesis involves polymerization and reduction of acetyl-CoA, using NADPH as the electron donor. The feedstocks used to generate acetyl-CoA and NADPH in lipogenic tissues remain, however, unclear. Here we show using stable isotope tracing in mice that de novo lipogenesis in adipose is supported by glucose and its catabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway to make NADPH. The liver, in contrast, derives acetyl-CoA for lipogenesis from acetate and lactate, and NADPH from folate-mediated serine catabolism. Such NADPH generation involves the cytosolic serine pathway in liver running in the opposite direction to that observed in most tissues and tumours, with NADPH made by the SHMT1-MTHFD1-ALDH1L1 reaction sequence. SHMT inhibition decreases hepatic lipogenesis. Thus, liver folate metabolism is distinctively wired to support cytosolic NADPH production and lipogenesis. More generally, while the same enzymes are involved in fat synthesis in liver and adipose, different substrates are used, opening the door to tissue-specific pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xincheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gang Xing
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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23
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Wegner MS, Schömel N, Olzomer EM, Trautmann S, Olesch C, Byrne FL, Brüne B, Gurke R, Ferreirós N, Weigert A, Geisslinger G, Hoehn KL. Increased glucosylceramide production leads to decreased cell energy metabolism and lowered tumor marker expression in non-cancerous liver cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7025-7041. [PMID: 34626204 PMCID: PMC8558193 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult cancer types to treat. Liver cancer is often diagnosed at late stages and therapeutic treatment is frequently accompanied by development of multidrug resistance. This leads to poor outcomes for cancer patients. Understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms leading to liver cancer development is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches, which are more efficient in treating cancer. Mice with a liver specific UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) knockout (KO) show delayed diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumor growth. Accordingly, the rationale for our study was to determine whether UGCG overexpression is sufficient to drive cancer phenotypes in liver cells. We investigated the effect of UGCG overexpression (OE) on normal murine liver (NMuLi) cells. Increased UGCG expression results in decreased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, which is reversible by treatment with EtDO-P4, an UGCG inhibitor. Furthermore, tumor markers such as FGF21 and EPCAM are lowered following UGCG OE, which could be related to glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) accumulation in glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs) and subsequently altered signaling protein phosphorylation. These cellular processes lead to decreased proliferation in NMuLi/UGCG OE cells. Our data show that increased UGCG expression itself does not induce pro-cancerous processes in normal liver cells, which indicates that increased GlcCer expression leads to different outcomes in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Nina Schömel
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Catherine Olesch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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24
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Tian H, Zhao S, Nice EC, Huang C, He W, Zou B, Lin J. A cascaded copper-based nanocatalyst by modulating glutathione and cyclooxygenase-2 for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1516-1526. [PMID: 34592546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib-mediated chemotherapy is currently the first choice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that cannot be surgically excised, and can significantly improve the survival of patients. However, its poor water solubility restricts its bioavailability, and long-term single use of it does not achieve satisfactory HCC therapy effects. Herein, we report a novel cascaded copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) therapeutic nanocatalyst using HKUST-1 by integrating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor meloxicam (Mel) and chemotherapeutic agent sorafenib (Sol) to amplify HCC therapy. This HKUST-1 nanocatalyst can be degraded by glutathione (GSH) into a Fenton-like agent to trigger chemodynamic therapy (CDT). CDT-mediated cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate ferroptosis by accumulating lipid peroxides (LPO). Alternatively, GSH depletion not only deactivates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to trigger ferroptosis, but also leads to oxidative stress amplification. Moreover, Sol can also activate ferroptosis by inhibiting system XC-, resulting in cascade-amplified ferroptosis mediated HCC therapy. Furthermore, the down-regulation of COX-2 can induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to further act synergistically with Sol-mediated chemotherapy. Therefore, this HKUST-1 nanocatalyst provides a novel strategy to regulate GSH and COX-2 levels for amplified chemo/chemodynamic and ferroptosis-mediated HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Bingwen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374DianmianAvenue, WuhuaDistrict, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China.
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25
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García-Chávez JN, Vásquez-Garzón VR, López MG, Villa-Treviño S, Montiel R. Integration of chronological omics data reveals mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256016. [PMID: 34383828 PMCID: PMC8360386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in multiple functions in eukaryotic cells. Although disruption of mitochondrial function has been associated with energetic deregulation in cancer, the chronological changes in mitochondria during cancer development remain unclear. With the aim to assess the role of mitochondria throughout cancer development, we analyzed samples chronologically obtained from induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. In our analyses, we integrated mitochondrial proteomic data, mitochondrial metabolomic data and nuclear genome transcriptomic data. We used pathway over-representation and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to integrate expression profiles of genes, miRNAs, proteins and metabolite levels throughout HCC development. Our results show that mitochondria are dynamic organelles presenting specific modifications in different stages of HCC development. We also found that mitochondrial proteomic profiles from tissues adjacent to nodules or tumor are determined more by the stage of HCC development than by tissue type, and we evaluated two models to predict HCC stage of the samples using proteomic profiles. Finally, we propose an omics integration pipeline to massively identify molecular features that could be further evaluated as key regulators, biomarkers or therapeutic targets. As an example, we show a group of miRNAs and transcription factors as candidates, responsible for mitochondrial metabolic modification in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Noé García-Chávez
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | - Mercedes G. López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
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26
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Pang JS, Wen DY, He RQ, Chen G, Lin P, Li JH, Zhao YJ, Wu LY, Chen JH, He Y, Qin LT, Chen JB, Li Y, Yang H. Incomplete thermal ablation-induced up-regulation of transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6) contributes to the rapid progression of residual liver tumor in hepatoblastoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4289-4303. [PMID: 34304715 PMCID: PMC8806681 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1945521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a kind of extreme malignancy frequently diagnosed in children. Although surgical resection is considered as the first-line treatment for hepatoblastoma, a relatively large population of patients have lost the preferred opportunity for surgery. Administration of locoregional ablation enables local tumor control but with the deficiency of insufficient ablation, residual tumor, and rapid progression. In this study, we integrated 219 hepatoblastoma and 121 non-cancer liver tissues to evaluate the expression of NR2F6, from which a higher NR2F6 level was found in hepatoblastoma compared with non-cancer livers with a standard mean difference (SMD) of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.29). The overexpression of NR2F6 also appeared to be an efficient indicator in distinguishing hepatoblastoma tissues from non-cancer liver tissues from the indication of a summarized AUC of 0.90, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.76 and a pooled specificity of 0.89. Interestingly, nude mouse xenografts provided direct evidence that overexpressed NR2F6 was also detected in residual tumor compared to untreated hepatoblastoma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-binding data in HepG2 cells and transcriptome analysis of HepG2 xenografts were combined to identify target genes regulated by NR2F6. We finally selected 150 novel target genes of NR2F6 in residual tumor of incomplete ablation, and these genes appeared to be associated with the biological regulation of lipid metabolism-related pathway. Accordingly, targeting NR2F6 holds a therapeutic promise in treating residual recurrent hepatoblastoma after incomplete ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shu Pang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yue Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Yong Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ting Qin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
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27
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Orabi D, Berger NA, Brown JM. Abnormal Metabolism in the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights to Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3473. [PMID: 34298687 PMCID: PMC8307710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise and becoming a major contributor to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reasons for this include the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome in contrast to the marked advances in prevention and treatment strategies of viral HCC. These shifts are expected to rapidly propel this trend even further in the coming decades, with NAFLD on course to become the leading etiology of end-stage liver disease and HCC. No Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications are currently available for the treatment of NAFLD, and advances are desperately needed. Numerous medications with varying mechanisms of action targeting liver steatosis and fibrosis are being investigated including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists. Additionally, drugs targeting components of metabolic syndrome, such as antihyperglycemics, have been found to affect NAFLD progression and are now being considered in the treatment of these patients. As NAFLD drug discovery continues, special attention should be given to their relationship to HCC. Several mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NAFLD have been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, and therapies aimed at NAFLD may additionally harbor independent antitumorigenic potential. This approach may provide novel prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nathan A. Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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28
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M Onorato A, Fiore E, Bayo J, Casali C, Fernandez-Tomé M, Rodríguez M, Domínguez L, Argemi J, Hidalgo F, Favre C, García M, Atorrasagasti C, Mazzolini GD. SPARC inhibition accelerates NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development by dysregulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver Int 2021; 41:1677-1693. [PMID: 33641248 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and its more serious form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipid metabolic alterations and its role in HCC development remain unclear. SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is involved in lipid metabolism, NAFLD and diabetes, but the effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and HCC development is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SPARC in HCC development in the context of NAFLD. METHODS Primary hepatocyte cultures from knockout (SPARC-/- ) or wild-type (SPARC+/+ ) mice, and HepG2 cells were used to assess the effects of free fatty acids on lipid accumulation, expression of lipogenic genes and de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis. A NAFLD-HCC model was stabilized on SPARC-/- or SPARC+/+ mice. Correlations among SPARC, lipid metabolism-related gene expression patterns and clinical prognosis were studied using HCC gene expression dataset. RESULTS SPARC-/- mice increases hepatic lipid deposits over time. Hepatocytes from SPARC-/- mice or inhibition of SPARC by an antisense adenovirus in HepG2 cells resulted in increased TG deposit, expression of lipid-related genes and nuclear translocation of SREBP1c. Human HCC database analysis revealed that SPARC negatively correlated with genes involved in lipid metabolism, and with poor survival. In NAFLD-HCC murine model, the absence of SPARC accelerates HCC development. RNA-seq study revealed that pathways related to lipid metabolism, cellular detoxification and proliferation were upregulated in SPARC-/- tumour-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The absence of SPARC is associated with an altered hepatic lipid metabolism, and an accelerated NAFLD-related HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina M Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Casali
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernandez-Tomé
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Domínguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josepmaría Argemi
- Josepmaria Argemi, CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Florencia Hidalgo
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, CONICET, School of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cristian Favre
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, CONICET, School of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana García
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Krupenko NI, Sharma J, Fogle HM, Pediaditakis P, Strickland KC, Du X, Helke KL, Sumner S, Krupenko SA. Knockout of Putative Tumor Suppressor Aldh1l1 in Mice Reprograms Metabolism to Accelerate Growth of Tumors in a Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) Model of Liver Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133219. [PMID: 34203215 PMCID: PMC8268287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers often loose the enzyme of folate metabolism ALDH1L1. We proposed that such loss is advantageous for the malignant tumor growth and tested this hypothesis in mice proficient or deficient (gene knockout) in ALDH1L1 expression. Liver cancer in both groups was induced by injection of chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine. While the number of tumors observed in ALDH1L1 proficient and deficient mice was similar, tumors grew faster and to a larger size in the knockout mice. We conclude that the ALDH1L1 loss promotes liver tumor growth without affecting tumor initiation or multiplicity. Accelerated growth of tumors lacking the enzyme was linked to several metabolic pathways, which are beneficial for rapid proliferation. Abstract Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) is commonly downregulated in human cancers through promoter methylation. We proposed that ALDH1L1 loss promotes malignant tumor growth. Here, we investigated the effect of the Aldh1l1 mouse knockout (Aldh1l1−/−) on hepatocellular carcinoma using a chemical carcinogenesis model. Fifteen-day-old male Aldh1l1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermate controls (Aldh1l1+/+) were injected intraperitoneally with 20 μg/g body weight of DEN (diethylnitrosamine). Mice were sacrificed 10, 20, 28, and 36 weeks post-DEN injection, and livers were examined for tumor multiplicity and size. We observed that while tumor multiplicity did not differ between Aldh1l1−/− and Aldh1l1+/+ animals, larger tumors grew in Aldh1l1−/− compared to Aldh1l1+/+ mice at 28 and 36 weeks. Profound differences between Aldh1l1−/− and Aldh1l1+/+ mice in the expression of inflammation-related genes were seen at 10 and 20 weeks. Of note, large tumors from wild-type mice showed a strong decrease of ALDH1L1 protein at 36 weeks. Metabolomic analysis of liver tissues at 20 weeks showed stronger differences in Aldh1l1+/+ versus Aldh1l1−/− metabotypes than at 10 weeks, which underscores metabolic pathways that respond to DEN in an ALDH1L1-dependent manner. Our study indicates that Aldh1l1 knockout promoted liver tumor growth without affecting tumor initiation or multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I. Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.I.K.); (S.S.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Halle M. Fogle
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Pediaditakis
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Xiuxia Du
- Department of Bioinformatics & Genomics, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Kristi L. Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.I.K.); (S.S.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.I.K.); (S.S.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Wali JA, Milner AJ, Luk AWS, Pulpitel TJ, Dodgson T, Facey HJW, Wahl D, Kebede MA, Senior AM, Sullivan MA, Brandon AE, Yau B, Lockwood GP, Koay YC, Ribeiro R, Solon-Biet SM, Bell-Anderson KS, O'Sullivan JF, Macia L, Forbes JM, Cooney GJ, Cogger VC, Holmes A, Raubenheimer D, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ. Impact of dietary carbohydrate type and protein-carbohydrate interaction on metabolic health. Nat Metab 2021; 3:810-828. [PMID: 34099926 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced protein intake, through dilution with carbohydrate, extends lifespan and improves mid-life metabolic health in animal models. However, with transition to industrialised food systems, reduced dietary protein is associated with poor health outcomes in humans. Here we systematically interrogate the impact of carbohydrate quality in diets with varying carbohydrate and protein content. Studying 700 male mice on 33 isocaloric diets, we find that the type of carbohydrate and its digestibility profoundly shape the behavioural and physiological responses to protein dilution, modulate nutrient processing in the liver and alter the gut microbiota. Low (10%)-protein, high (70%)-carbohydrate diets promote the healthiest metabolic outcomes when carbohydrate comprises resistant starch (RS), yet the worst outcomes were with a 50:50 mixture of monosaccharides fructose and glucose. Our findings could explain the disparity between healthy, high-carbohydrate diets and the obesogenic impact of protein dilution by glucose-fructose mixtures associated with highly processed diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Annabelle J Milner
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison W S Luk
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara J Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Dodgson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harrison J W Facey
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Yau
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosilene Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim S Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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31
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Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:39-56. [PMID: 34014533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of cancer cell metabolism has traditionally focused on glycolysis and glutaminolysis. However, lipidomic technologies have matured considerably over the last decade and broadened our understanding of how lipid metabolism is relevant to cancer biology [1-3]. Studies now suggest that the reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes directly to malignant transformation and progression [4, 5]. For example, de novo lipid synthesis can supply proliferating tumor cells with phospholipid components that comprise the plasma and organelle membranes of new daughter cells [6, 7]. Moreover, the upregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation can support tumor cell energetics and redox homeostasis [8], while lipid-derived messengers can regulate major signaling pathways or coordinate immunosuppressive mechanisms [9-11]. Lipid metabolism has, therefore, become implicated in a variety of oncogenic processes, including metastatic colonization, drug resistance, and cell differentiation [10, 12-16]. However, whether we can safely and effectively modulate the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism for cancer therapy is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Limoges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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32
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Broadfield LA, Pane AA, Talebi A, Swinnen JV, Fendt SM. Lipid metabolism in cancer: New perspectives and emerging mechanisms. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1363-1393. [PMID: 33945792 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors undergo metabolic transformations to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, avoid cell death, and seed in secondary organs. An increased focus on cancer lipid metabolism has unveiled a number of mechanisms that promote tumor growth and survival, many of which are independent of classical cellular bioenergetics. These mechanisms include modulation of ferroptotic-mediated cell death, support during tumor metastasis, and interactions with the cells of the tumor microenvironment. As such, targeting lipid metabolism for anti-cancer therapies is attractive, with recent work on small-molecule inhibitors identifying compounds to target lipid metabolism. Here, we discuss these topics and identify open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Broadfield
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonino Alejandro Pane
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
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33
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Zhao B, Dong Z, Liu W, Lou F, Wang Q, Hong H, Wang Y. Co-administration of combretastatin A4 nanoparticles and anti-PD-L1 for synergistic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:124. [PMID: 33933077 PMCID: PMC8088584 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to data estimated by the WHO, primary liver cancer is currently the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of death around the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary liver malignancies, so effective therapy is highly desired for HCC. Results In this study, the use of poly(l-Aspartic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4 (CA4-NPs) was aimed to significantly disrupt new blood vessels in tumor tissues for targeted hepatic tumor therapy. Here, PEG-b-PAsp-g-CA4 showed significantly prolonged retention in plasma and tumor tissue. Most importantly, CA4-NPs were mainly distributed at the tumor site because of the triple target effects—enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, acid-sensitive (pH = 5.5) effect to the tumor microenvironment (TME), and good selectivity of CA4 for central tumor blood vessel. Considering that CA4-NPs might induce severe hypoxic conditions resulting in high expression of HIF-1α in tumor tissues, which could induce the overexpression of PD-L1, herein we also used a programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (aPD-L1) to prevent immunosuppression. This way of complementary combination is able to achieve an ideal treatment effect in tumor site where CA4-NPs and aPD-L1 could respond to the inner area and peripheral area, respectively. As a result, a significant decrease in tumor volume and weight was observed in the combination group of CA4-NPs plus aPD-L1 compared with CA4-NPs or aPD-L1 monotherapy in subcutaneous Hepa1-6 hepatic tumor models. Conclusions We presented a new idea that co-administration of CA4-NPs and aPD-L1 possessed notable anti-tumor efficacy for HCC treatment. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00865-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fangning Lou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hao Hong
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Luo X, Zheng E, Wei L, Zeng H, Qin H, Zhang X, Liao M, Chen L, Zhao L, Ruan XZ, Yang P, Chen Y. The fatty acid receptor CD36 promotes HCC progression through activating Src/PI3K/AKT axis-dependent aerobic glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:328. [PMID: 33771982 PMCID: PMC7997878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a new hallmark of cancer but it remains poorly defined in hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). The fatty acid receptor CD36 is associated with both lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver. However, the role of CD36 in metabolic reprogramming in the progression of HCC still remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that CD36 is highly expressed in human HCC as compared with non-tumor hepatic tissue. CD36 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumor growth of HCC cells, whereas silencing CD36 had the opposite effects. By analysis of cell metabolic phenotype, CD36 expression showed a positive association with extracellular acidification rate, a measure of glycolysis, instead of oxygen consumption rate. Further experiments verified that overexpression of CD36 resulted in increased glycolysis flux and lactic acid production. Mechanistically, CD36 induced mTOR-mediated oncogenic glycolysis via activation of Src/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. Pretreatment of HCC cells with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors largely blocked the tumor-promoting effect of CD36. Our findings suggest that CD36 exerts a stimulatory effect on HCC growth and metastasis, through mediating aerobic glycolysis by the Src/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Enze Zheng
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Liao
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.,John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase TRIM21 Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis by Suppressing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1369-1385. [PMID: 33482392 PMCID: PMC8024979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TRIM21 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that is implicated in numerous biological processes including immune response, cell metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cancer development. We recently reported that TRIM21 can negatively regulate the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway by ubiquitylating p62 and prevents its oligomerization and protein sequestration function. As redox homeostasis plays a pivotal role in many cancers including liver cancer, we sought to determine the role of TRIM21 in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS We examined the correlation between TRIM21 expression and the disease using publicly available data sets and 49 cases of HCC clinical samples. We used TRIM21 genetic knockout mice to determine how TRIM21 ablation impact HCC induced by the carcinogen DEN plus phenobarbital (PB). We explored the mechanism that loss of TRIM21 protects cells from DEN-induced oxidative damage and cell death. RESULTS There is a positive correlation between TRIM21 expression and HCC. Consistently, TRIM21-knockout mice are resistant to DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This is accompanied by decreased cell death and tissue damage upon DEN treatment, hence reduced hepatic tissue repair response and compensatory proliferation. Cells deficient in TRIM21 display enhanced p62 sequestration of Keap1 and are protected from DEN-induced ROS induction and cell death. Reconstitution of wild-type but not the E3 ligase-dead and the p62 binding-deficient mutant TRIM21 impedes the protection from DEN-induced oxidative damage and cell death in TRIM21-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased TRIM21 expression is associated with human HCC. Genetic ablation of TRIM21 leads to protection against oxidative hepatic damage and decreased hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting TRIM21 as a preventive and therapeutic target.
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Haberl EM, Pohl R, Rein-Fischboeck L, Höring M, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Hepatic lipid profile in mice fed a choline-deficient, low-methionine diet resembles human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:250. [PMID: 33298075 PMCID: PMC7727224 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data support a role for lipids in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. With experimental models such data can be challenged or validated. Mice fed a low-methionine, choline-deficient (LMCD) diet develop NASH and, when injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), HCC. Here, lipidomic analysis was used to elucidate whether the NASH and HCC associated lipid derangements resemble the lipid profile of the human disease. METHODS Lipids were measured in the liver of mice fed a control or a LMCD diet for 16 weeks. DEN was injected at young age to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. DEN treatment associated changes of the lipid composition and the tumor lipidome were evaluated. RESULTS LMCD diet fed mice accumulated ceramides and triacylglycerols in the liver. Phospholipids enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids were also increased, whereas hepatic cholesterol levels remained unchanged in the LMCD model. Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations declined in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice. The changes of most lipids associated with LMCD diet feeding were similar between water and DEN injected mice. Several polyunsaturated (PU) diacylglycerol species were already low in the liver of DEN injected mice fed the control diet. Tumors developed in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice injected with DEN. The tumor specific lipid profile, however, did not resemble the decrease of ceramides and PU phospholipids, which was consistently described in human HCC. Triacylglycerols declined in the cancer tissues, which is in accordance with a low expression of lipogenic enzymes in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS The LMCD model is suitable to study NASH associated lipid reprogramming. Hepatic lipid profile was modestly modified in the DEN injected mice suggesting a function of these derangements in carcinogenesis. Lipid composition of liver tumors did not resemble the human HCC lipidome, and most notably, lipogenesis and triacylglycerol levels were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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Li M, Hu J, Jin R, Cheng H, Chen H, Li L, Guo K. Effects of LRP1B Regulated by HSF1 on Lipid Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:361-376. [PMID: 33324588 PMCID: PMC7733418 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s279123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, aberrated lipid metabolism has been recognized as an important feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, it remains poorly defined. As a large member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, LRP1B plays a pivotal role in maintaining lipid homeostasis. Here we investigated the expression feature of LRP1B in HCC and elucidated its effects on lipid metabolism of HCC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS LRP1B expression in HCC cells and tumor tissues was respectively examined by quantitative PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Crispr-cas9 RNA inference and CRISPRa transcription activation system were used to downregulate and upregulate LRP1B expression, respectively. Oil red O staining, DiD staining combined with flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the lipid content in HCC cells. Overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) were calculated; meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the prognosis of HCC patients. RESULTS In contrast to inactivation expression in a majority of cancers, LRP1B showed predominantly strong expression in HCC. LRP1B knockdown induced the decrease of intracellular lipid content, downregulated expressions of lipid synthesis-related enzymes and upregulated expressions of β-oxidation-related enzymes as well as activated the AMPK signaling. Moreover, HSF1 directly regulated the transcription of LRP1B and was involved in LRP1B-mediated lipid metabolism in HCC; meanwhile, the combination of LRP1B knockdown and HSF1 inhibition suppressed synergistically the proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, simultaneous expression of HSF1 and LRP1B was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. CONCLUSION Altogether, the study reveals a novel unique role of LRP1B in HCC by serving as a mediator in lipid metabolism, which provides an insight for making explorable therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Riming Jin
- Department of First Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, NAVY Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Tenen DG, Chai L, Tan JL. Metabolic alterations and vulnerabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 9:1-13. [PMID: 33747521 PMCID: PMC7962738 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a serious disease. It is ranked as the cancer with the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from transformed hepatocytes, is the major subtype of liver cancer. It accounts for 85% of total liver-cancer cases. An important aspect of HCC that has been actively studied is its metabolism. With the liver as the primary site of numerous metabolic processes in the body, it has been shown that the metabolism of HCC cells is highly dysregulated compared to that of normal hepatocytes. It is therefore crucial to understand the metabolic alterations caused by HCC and the underlying mechanisms for these alterations. This deeper understanding will allow diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in the treatment of HCC. In this review, we will summarize the current literature in HCC metabolic alterations, induced vulnerabilities, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin L Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
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Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds Dietary Supplementation Regulates Liver Antioxidant Defense Systems in Aging Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092552. [PMID: 32846876 PMCID: PMC7551560 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek seeds are widely used in Asia and other places of the world for their nutritive and medicinal properties. In Asia, fenugreek seeds are also recommended for geriatric populations. Here, we evaluated for the first time the effect of fenugreek seed feed supplementation on the liver antioxidant defense systems in aging mice. The study was conducted on 12-months aged mice which were given fenugreek seed dietary supplement. We evaluated the activities of various antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and also estimated the phenolics and free radical scavenging properties in mice liver upon fenugreek supplementation. The estimation of SOD, GPx, and GR activities in aged mice liver revealed a significant (p < 0.01) difference among all the liver enzymes. Overall, this study reveals that fenugreek seed dietary supplementation has a positive effect on the activities of the hepatic antioxidant defense enzymes in the aged mice.
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Hahnefeld L, Gruber L, Schömel N, Fischer C, Mattjus P, Gurke R, Beretta M, Ferreirós N, Geisslinger G, Wegner MS. Ether lipid and sphingolipid expression patterns are estrogen receptor-dependently altered in breast cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 127:105834. [PMID: 32827762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Identifying co-expression of lipid species is challenging, but indispensable to identify novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment. Lipid metabolism is often dysregulated in cancer cells, and changes in lipid metabolism affect cellular processes such as proliferation, autophagy, and tumor development. In addition to mRNA analysis of sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes, we performed liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis in three breast cancer cell lines. These breast cancer cell lines differ in estrogen receptor and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 status. Our data show that sphingolipids and non-sphingolipids are strongly increased in SKBr3 cells. SKBr3 cells are estrogen receptor negative and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 positive. Treatment with G15, a G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 antagonist, abolishes the effect of increased sphingolipid and non-sphingolipid levels in SKBr3 cells. In particular, ether lipids are expressed at much higher levels in cancer compared to normal cells and are strongly increased in SKBr3 cells. Our analysis reveals that this is accompanied by increased sphingolipid levels such as ceramide, sphingadiene-ceramide and sphingomyelin. This shows the importance of focusing on more than one lipid class when investigating molecular mechanisms in breast cancer cells. Our analysis allows unbiased screening for different lipid classes leading to identification of co-expression patterns of lipids in the context of breast cancer. Co-expression of different lipid classes could influence tumorigenic potential of breast cancer cells. Identification of co-regulated lipid species is important to achieve improved breast cancer treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hahnefeld
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Gruber
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Schömel
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Caroline Fischer
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Åbo Akademi University, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Gurke
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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Lipid Metabolism in Development and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061419. [PMID: 32486341 PMCID: PMC7352397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Metabolic reprogramming is critically involved in the development and progression of cancer. In particular, lipid metabolism has been investigated as a source of energy, micro-environmental adaptation, and cell signalling in neoplastic cells. However, the specific role of lipid metabolism dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been widely described yet. Alterations in fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation, and cellular lipidic composition contribute to initiation and progression of HCC. The aim of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms by which lipid metabolism is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and tumour adaptation to different conditions, focusing on the transcriptional aberrations with new insights in lipidomics and lipid zonation. This will help detect new putative therapeutic approaches in the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death.
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Geng S, Pan T, Zhou W, Cui H, Wu L, Li Z, Chu PK, Yu XF. Bioactive phospho-therapy with black phosphorus for in vivo tumor suppression. Theranostics 2020; 10:4720-4736. [PMID: 32308745 PMCID: PMC7163432 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Although inorganic nanomaterials have been widely used in multimodal cancer therapies, the intrinsic contributions of the materials are not well understood and sometimes underestimated. In this work, bioactive phospho-therapy with black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) for in vivo tumor suppression is studied. Methods: Orthotopic liver tumor and acute myeloid leukemia are chosen as the models for the solid tumor and hematological tumor, respectively. BPs are injected into mice through the tail vein and tumor growth is monitored by IVIS bioluminescence imaging. Tumor tissues and serum samples are collected to determine the suppression effect and biosafety of BPs after treatment. Results: The in vitro studies show that BPs with high intracellular uptake produce apoptosis- and autophagy-mediated programmed cell death of human liver carcinoma cells but do not affect normal cells. BPs passively accumulate in the tumor site at a high concentration and inhibit tumor growth. The tumor weight is much less than that observed from the doxorubicin (DOX)-treated group. The average survival time is extended by at least two months and the survival rate is 100% after 120 days. Western bolt analysis confirms that BPs suppress carcinoma growth via the apoptosis and autophagy pathways. In addition, administration of BPs into mice suffering from leukemia results in tumor suppression and long survival. Conclusions: This study reveals that BPs constitute a type of bioactive anti-cancer agents and provides insights into the application of inorganic nanomaterials to cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Female
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Nanostructures/administration & dosage
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- Phosphorus/administration & dosage
- Phosphorus/pharmacokinetics
- Tissue Distribution
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Geng
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lie Wu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Hatchwell L, Harney DJ, Cielesh M, Young K, Koay YC, O’Sullivan JF, Larance M. Multi-omics Analysis of the Intermittent Fasting Response in Mice Identifies an Unexpected Role for HNF4α. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3566-3582.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Zuo X, Chen Z, Gao W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang J, Cao M, Cai J, Wu J, Wang X. M6A-mediated upregulation of LINC00958 increases lipogenesis and acts as a nanotherapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:5. [PMID: 31915027 PMCID: PMC6951025 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) possess significant regulatory functions in multiple biological and pathological processes, especially in cancer. Dysregulated lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their therapeutic applications remain unclear. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNA profile in HCC was constructed using TCGA data. LINC00958 expression level was examined in HCC cell lines and tissues. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to demonstrate the prognostic value of LINC00958. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments were used to assess the effects of LINC00958 on cell proliferation, motility, and lipogenesis. Patient-derived xenograft model was established for in vivo experiments. RNA immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter, biotin-labeled miRNA pull-down, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and RNA sequencing assays were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We developed a PLGA-based nanoplatform encapsulating LINC00958 siRNA and evaluated its superiority for systemic administration. RESULTS We identified a lipogenesis-related lncRNA, LINC00958, whose expression was upregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues. High LINC00958 level independently predicted poor overall survival. Functional assays showed that LINC00958 aggravated HCC malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00958 sponged miR-3619-5p to upregulate hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) expression, thereby facilitating HCC lipogenesis and progression. METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification led to LINC00958 upregulation through stabilizing its RNA transcript. A PLGA-based nanoplatform loaded with si-LINC00958 was developed for HCC systemic administration. This novel drug delivery system was controlled release, tumor targeting, safe, and presented satisfactory antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our results delineate the clinical significance of LINC00958 in HCC and the regulatory mechanisms involved in HCC lipogenesis and progression, providing a novel prognostic indicator and promising nanotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.,Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China. .,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jindao Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Che L, Paliogiannis P, Cigliano A, Pilo MG, Chen X, Calvisi DF. Pathogenetic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Role of Fatty Acid Synthase in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1412. [PMID: 31921669 PMCID: PMC6927283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide, characterized by clinical aggressiveness, resistance to conventional chemotherapy, and high lethality. Consequently, there is an urgent need to better delineate the molecular pathogenesis of HCC to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. Noticeably, emerging evidence indicates that proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis are important mediators along the development and progression of HCC in humans and rodents. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of: (a) The pathogenetic relevance of lipogenic proteins involved in liver carcinogenesis, with a special emphasis on the master fatty acid regulator, fatty acid synthase (FASN); (b) The molecular mechanisms responsible for unrestrained activation of FASN and related fatty acid biosynthesis in HCC; (c) The findings in experimental mouse models of liver cancer and their possible clinical implications; (d) The existing potential therapies targeting FASN. A consistent body of data indicates that elevated levels of lipogenic proteins, including FASN, characterize human hepatocarcinogenesis and are predictive of poor prognosis of HCC patients. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of FASN is highly detrimental for the growth of HCC cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. In conclusion, FASN is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, where it plays a pivotal role both in tumor onset and progression. Thus, targeted inhibition of FASN and related lipogenesis could be a potentially relevant treatment for human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria G Pilo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang Y, Wan X, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Du L, Huang Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang N, Zhang P. NR6A1 regulates lipid metabolism through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in HepG2 cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:77. [PMID: 31315616 PMCID: PMC6637573 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipogenesis is required for the optimal growth of many types of cancer cells, it is shown to control the biosynthesis of the lipid bilayer membrane during rapid proliferation and metastasis, provides cancer cells with signaling lipid molecules to support cancer development and make cancer cells more resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Though multiple lipogenic enzymes have been identified to mediate this metabolic change, how the expression of these lipogenic enzymes are transcriptionally regulated remains unclear. Methods Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the role of transcriptional repressor, nuclear receptor sub-family 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1) in HepG2 cells. RT-qPCR method was performed to investigate target gene of NR6A1. Western blot was employed to determine the mechanisms by which NR6A1 regulates lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Results We provide evidence that NR6A1 is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. NR6A1 knockdown can increase lipid accumulation as well as insulin-induced proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. The lipogenic effect correlated well with the expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), diglyceride acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), malic enzyme 1 (ME1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). NR6A1 knockdown also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1a), the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, NR6A1 knockdown induced lipid accumulation through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), but not mTORC2. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NR6A1 increased expression of insulin receptor (INSR) and potentitated insulin-induced phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT partly via miR-205-5p in HepG2 cells. Conclusions These findings provide important new insights into the role of NR6A1 in the lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Graphical abstract .![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0389-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Wang
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China. .,Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wan
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.,Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yilong Hao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lanlan Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yitong Huang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China. .,Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang D, Wang G, Song W, Liu Y, Ma S, Tang Z, Liu Z, Sakurai K, Chen X. Co-administration of combretastatin A4 nanoparticles and sorafenib for systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:229-240. [PMID: 31100462 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective systemic therapy is highly desired for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, a combination of nanoparticles of poly(L-glutamic acid)-graft-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4 sodium salt (CA4-NPs) plus sorafenib is developed for the cooperative systemic treatment of HCC. The CA4-NPs leads to the disruption of established tumor blood vessels and extensive tumor necrosis, however, inducing increased expression of VEGF-A and angiogenesis. Sorafenib reduces the VEGF-A induced angiogenesis and further inhibits tumor proliferation, cooperating with the CA4-NPs. A significant decrease in tumor volume and prolonged survival time are observed in the combination group of CA4-NPs plus sorafenib compared with CA4-NPs or sorafenib monotherapy in subcutaneous and orthotopic H22 hepatic tumor models. Seventy-one percent of the mice are alive without residual tumor at 96 days post tumor inoculation for the subcutaneous models treated with CA4-NPs 30 or 35 mg·kg-1 plus sorafenib 30 mg·kg-1. Our findings suggest that co-administration of sorafenib and CA4-NPs possesses significant antitumor efficacy for HCC treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Effective systemic therapy is highly desired for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we demonstrate that a combination of nanoparticles of poly(L-glutamic acid)-graft-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4 sodium salt (CA4-NPs) plus sorafenib is a promising synergistic approach for systemic treatment of HCC. The CA4-NPs leads to the disruption of established tumor blood vessels and extensive tumor necrosis, however, inducing increased expression of VEGF-A and angiogenesis. Sorafenib reduces the VEGF-A induced angiogenesis and further inhibits tumor proliferation, cooperating with the CA4-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yingmin Liu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Ziling Liu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- The University of Kitakyushu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
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49
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Mello T, Simeone I, Galli A. Mito-Nuclear Communication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050417. [PMID: 31060333 PMCID: PMC6562577 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main metabolic and detoxification organ, the liver constantly adapts its activity to fulfill the energy requirements of the whole body. Despite the remarkable adaptive capacity of the liver, prolonged exposure to noxious stimuli such as alcohol, viruses and metabolic disorders results in the development of chronic liver disease that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Metabolic rewiring is a common feature of cancers, including HCC. Altered mito-nuclear communication is emerging as a driving force in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, affecting all aspects of cancer biology from neoplastic transformation to acquired drug resistance. Here, we explore relevant aspects (and discuss recent findings) of mito-nuclear crosstalk in the metabolic reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mello
- Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, V.le Pieraccini 6, Florence 50129, Italy.
| | - Irene Simeone
- Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, V.le Pieraccini 6, Florence 50129, Italy.
- University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Galli
- Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, V.le Pieraccini 6, Florence 50129, Italy.
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50
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Nagarajan SR, Paul-Heng M, Krycer JR, Fazakerley DJ, Sharland AF, Hoy AJ. Lipid and glucose metabolism in hepatocyte cell lines and primary mouse hepatocytes: a comprehensive resource for in vitro studies of hepatic metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E578-E589. [PMID: 30694691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a critical tissue for maintaining glucose, fatty acid, and cholesterol homeostasis. Primary hepatocytes represent the gold standard for studying the mechanisms controlling hepatic glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism in vitro. However, access to primary hepatocytes can be limiting, and therefore, other immortalized hepatocyte models are commonly used. Here, we describe substrate metabolism of cultured AML12, IHH, and PH5CH8 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma-derived HepG2s, and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) to identify which of these cell lines most accurately phenocopy PMH basal and insulin-stimulated metabolism. Insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in PH5CH8 cells, and to a lesser extent AML12 cells, responded most similarly to PMH. Notably, glucose incorporation in HepG2 cells were 14-fold greater than PMH. The differences in glucose metabolic activity were not explained by differential protein expression of key regulators of these pathways, for example glycogen synthase and glycogen content. In contrast, fatty acid metabolism in IHH cells was the closest to PMHs, yet insulin-responsive fatty acid metabolism in AML12 and HepG2 cells was most similar to PMH. Finally, incorporation of acetate into intracellular-free cholesterol was comparable for all cells to PMH; however, insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into lipids and the incorporation of acetate into intracellular cholesterol esters were strikingly different between PMHs and all tested cell lines. In general, AML12 cells most closely phenocopied PMH in vitro energy metabolism. However, the cell line most representative of PMHs differed depending on the mode of metabolism being investigated, and so careful consideration is needed in model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Moumita Paul-Heng
- Discipline of Surgery, Central Clinical School & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Alexandra F Sharland
- Discipline of Surgery, Central Clinical School & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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