1
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Meekel EG, Partridge P, Paraoan RAI, Levinsky JJB, Slater B, Hobday CL, Goodwin AL. Enhanced elastic stability of a topologically disordered crystalline metal-organic framework. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1245-1251. [PMID: 39043928 PMCID: PMC11364505 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
By virtue of their open network structures and low densities, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are soft materials that exhibit elastic instabilities at low applied stresses. The conventional strategy for improving elastic stability is to increase the connectivity of the underlying MOF network, which necessarily increases the material density and reduces the porosity. Here we demonstrate an alternative paradigm, whereby elastic stability is enhanced in a MOF with an aperiodic network topology. We use a combination of variable-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements and coarse-grained lattice-dynamical calculations to interrogate the high-pressure behaviour of the topologically aperiodic system TRUMOF-1, which we compare against that of its ordered congener MOF-5. We show that the topology of the former quenches the elastic instability responsible for pressure-induced framework collapse in the latter, much as irregularity in the shapes and sizes of stones acts to prevent cooperative mechanical failure in drystone walls. Our results establish aperiodicity as a counter-intuitive design motif in engineering the mechanical properties of framework structures that is relevant to MOFs and larger-scale architectures alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Meekel
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phillippa Partridge
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert A I Paraoan
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua J B Levinsky
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire L Hobday
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Liu J, Song J, Zeng L, Hu B. An Overview on the Adhesion Mechanisms of Typical Aquatic Organisms and the Applications of Biomimetic Adhesives in Aquatic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7994. [PMID: 39063236 PMCID: PMC11277488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Water molecules pose a significant obstacle to conventional adhesive materials. Nevertheless, some marine organisms can secrete bioadhesives with remarkable adhesion properties. For instance, mussels resist sea waves using byssal threads, sandcastle worms secrete sandcastle glue to construct shelters, and barnacles adhere to various surfaces using their barnacle cement. This work initially elucidates the process of underwater adhesion and the microstructure of bioadhesives in these three exemplary marine organisms. The formation of bioadhesive microstructures is intimately related to the aquatic environment. Subsequently, the adhesion mechanisms employed by mussel byssal threads, sandcastle glue, and barnacle cement are demonstrated at the molecular level. The comprehension of adhesion mechanisms has promoted various biomimetic adhesive systems: DOPA-based biomimetic adhesives inspired by the chemical composition of mussel byssal proteins; polyelectrolyte hydrogels enlightened by sandcastle glue and phase transitions; and novel biomimetic adhesives derived from the multiple interactions and nanofiber-like structures within barnacle cement. Underwater biomimetic adhesion continues to encounter multifaceted challenges despite notable advancements. Hence, this work examines the current challenges confronting underwater biomimetic adhesion in the last part, which provides novel perspectives and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junyi Song
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | | | - Biru Hu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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3
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Feng M, Zeng X, Lin Q, Wang Y, Wei H, Yang S, Wang G, Chen X, Guo M, Yang X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Du Y, Zhao Y. Characterization of Chitosan-Gallic Acid Graft Copolymer for Periodontal Dressing Hydrogel Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302877. [PMID: 38041691 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The postoperative periodontal wound is in a complex physiological environment; the bacteria accumulation, the saliva stimulation, and the food residues retention will aggravate the wound deterioration. Commercial periodontal dressings have been widely used for postoperative periodontal treatment, and there still exists some problems, such as poor biocompatibility, weak adhesion, insufficient antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a chitosan-gallic acid graft copolymer (CS-GA) is synthesized as a potential periodontal dressing hydrogel. CS-GA possesses high swelling rate, adjustable degradability, self-healing ability, biocompatibility, strong adhesion ability, high mechanical properties and toughness. Furthermore, CS-GA has good scavenging ability for ·OH, O2 - , and 1 O2. And CS-GA has good inhibition effect on different bacterial through bacterial membranes damage. CS-GA can stop bleeding in a short time and adsorb erythrocytes to form physical blood clots to enhance the hemostatic performance. In addition, CS-GA can reduce inflammatory factors expressions, increase collagen fibers deposition, and neovascularization to promote wounds healing, which makes it as a potential periodontal dressing for postoperative tissue restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Quan Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shanyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengqin Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yangge Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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4
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Graham JJ, Keten S. Increase in Charge and Density Improves the Strength and Toughness of Mussel Foot Protein 5 Inspired Protein Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4662-4672. [PMID: 37417954 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mussel foot protein 5 (fp5) found in the adhesive byssal plaque of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exhibits exceptional underwater adhesion to diverse surfaces to the extent that adhesion strength typically exceeds the cohesive strength of the plaque. While sequence effects such as presence of charged residues, metal ion coordination, and high catechol content have been identified to govern fp5's interaction with surfaces, molecular contributors to its cohesive strength remain to be fully understood. Addressing this issue is critical for designing mussel-inspired sequences for new adhesives and biomaterials enabled by synthetic biology. Here we carry out all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on hydrated model fp5 biopolymer melts to understand how sequence features such as tyrosine and charge content affect packing density and inter-residue and ionic interaction strengths and consequently influence the cohesive strength and toughness. Systematic serine (S) substitutions for lysine (K), arginine (R) and tyrosine (Y) residues reveal that Y to S substitution surprisingly results in improvement of cohesive strength due to densification of the material by removal of steric hindrances, whereas the removal of charge in K and R to S substitutions has a detrimental impact on strength and toughness as it reduces cohesive interactions facilitated by electrostatic interactions. Additionally, melts formed from split fp5 sequences with only C or N terminal halves show distinct mechanical responses that further illustrate the role of charge. Our findings provide new insights for designing materials that could potentially surpass the performance of existing biomolecular and bioinspired adhesives, specifically by tailoring sequences for balancing charge and excluded volume effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Graham
- Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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5
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Youssef L, Renner-Rao M, Eren ED, Jehle F, Harrington MJ. Fabrication of Tunable Mechanical Gradients by Mussels via Bottom-Up Self-Assembly of Collagenous Precursors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2294-2305. [PMID: 36657382 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Functionally graded interfaces are prominent in biological tissues and are used to mitigate stress concentrations at junctions between mechanically dissimilar components. Biological mechanical gradients serve as important role models for bioinspired design in technically and biomedically relevant applications. However, this necessitates elucidating exactly how natural gradients mitigate mechanical mismatch and how such gradients are fabricated. Here, we applied a cross-disciplinary experimental approach to understand structure, function, and formation of mechanical gradients in byssal threads─collagen-based fibers used by marine mussels to anchor on hard surfaces. The proximal end of threads is approximately 50-fold less stiff and twice as extensible as the distal end. However, the hierarchical structure of the distal-proximal junction is still not fully elucidated, and it is unclear how it is formed. Using tensile testing coupled with video extensometry, confocal Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy on native threads, we identified a continuous graded transition in mechanics, composition, and nanofibrillar morphology, which extends several hundreds of microns and which can vary significantly between individual threads. Furthermore, we performed in vitro fiber assembly experiments using purified secretory vesicles from the proximal and distal regions of the secretory glands (which contain different precursor proteins), revealing spontaneous self-assembly of distinctive distal- and proximal-like fiber morphologies. Aside from providing fundamental insights into the byssus structure, function, and fabrication, our findings reveal key design principles for bioinspired design of functionally graded polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Max Renner-Rao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Egemen Deniz Eren
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Franziska Jehle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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6
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Hou Y, Peng Y, Li P, Wu Q, Zhang J, Li W, Zhou G, Wu J. Bioinspired Design of High Vibration-Damping Supramolecular Elastomers Based on Multiple Energy-Dissipation Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35097-35104. [PMID: 35858204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing vibrations and noises is essential for our automated society. Here, inspired by the hierarchical dynamic bonds and phase separation of mussel byssal threads, we synthesize high-damping supramolecular elastomers (HDEs) via simple one-pot radical polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA), and vinylimidazole (VI). Interestingly, AA and VI not only form hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds simultaneously but also segregate into aggregates of different sizes, thereby successfully mimicking the hierarchical structure of mussel byssal threads. When applying external forces, the weak hydrogen bonds are broken at first and then the ionic bonds and aggregates are disrupted progressively from small to large deformations. Such multiple energy-dissipation mechanisms lead to the outstanding damping property of the HDEs. Therefore, the HDEs outperform commercially available rubbers in terms of sound absorption and vibration damping. Furthermore, the multiple energy-dissipation mechanisms impart the HDEs with high toughness (41.1 MJ/m3), tensile strength (21.3 MPa), and self-healing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangwu Zhou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Shokri M, Dalili F, Kharaziha M, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Ahmadi Tafti H. Strong and bioactive bioinspired biomaterials, next generation of bone adhesives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102706. [PMID: 35623113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The bone adhesive is a clinical requirement for complicated bone fractures always articulated by surgeons. Applying glue is a quick and easy way to fix broken bones. Adhesives, unlike conventional fixation methods such as wires and sutures, improve healing conditions and reduce postoperative pain by creating a complete connection at the fractured joint. Despite many efforts in the field of bone adhesives, the creation of a successful adhesive with robust adhesion and appropriate bioactivity for the treatment of bone fractures is still in its infancy. Because of the resemblance of the body's humid environment to the underwater environment, in the latest decades, researchers have pursued inspiration from nature to develop strong bioactive adhesives for bone tissue. The aim of this review article is to discuss the recent state of the art in bone adhesives with a specific focus on biomimetic adhesives, their action mechanisms, and upcoming perspective. Firstly, the adhesive biomaterials with specific affinity to bone tissue are introduced and their rational design is studied. Consequently, various types of synthetic and natural bioadhesives for bone tissue are comprehensively overviewed. Then, bioinspired-adhesives are described, highlighting relevant structures and examples of biomimetic adhesives mainly made of DOPA and the complex coacervates inspired by proteins secreted in mussel and sandcastle worms, respectively. Finally, this article overviews the challenges of the current bioadhesives and the future research for the improvement of the properties of biomimetic adhesives for use as bone adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shokri
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Faezeh Dalili
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Tehran Heart Hospital Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Ren L, Lin C, Lei P. Catechol‐containing waterborne polyurethane adhesive inspired by mussel proteins. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfang Ren
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Congcong Lin
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Pingchuan Lei
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
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9
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Wolff JO, Liprandi D, Bosia F, Joel AC, Pugno NM. Robust substrate anchorages of silk lines with extensible nano-fibres. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7903-7913. [PMID: 34369547 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Living systems are built of multiscale-composites: materials formed of components with different properties that are assembled in complex micro- and nano-structures. Such biological multiscale-composites often show outstanding physical properties that are unachieved by artificial materials. A major scientific goal is thus to understand the assembly processes and the relationship between structure and function in order to reproduce them in a new generation of biomimetic high-performance materials. Here, we tested how the assembly of spider silk nano-fibres (i.e. glue coated 0.5 μm thick fibres produced by so-called piriform glands) into different micro-structures correlates with mechanical performance by empirically and numerically exploring the mechanical behaviour of line anchors in an orb weaver, a hunting spider and two ancient web builders. We demonstrate that the anchors of orb weavers exhibit outstanding mechanical robustness with minimal material use by the indirect attachment of the silk line to the substrate through a soft domain ('bridge'). This principle can be used to design new artificial high-performance attachment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Wolff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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10
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Thompson CB, Korley LTJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Engineering Supramolecular Materials for Responsive Applications-Design and Functionality. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1198-1216. [PMID: 35638621 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers allow access to dynamic materials, where noncovalent interactions can be used to offer both enhanced material toughness and stimuli-responsiveness. The versatility of self-assembly has enabled these supramolecular motifs to be incorporated into a wide array of glassy and elastomeric materials; moreover, the interaction of these noncovalent motifs with their environment has shown to be a convenient platform for controlling material properties. In this Viewpoint, supramolecular polymers are examined through their self-assembly chemistries, approaches that can be used to control their self-assembly (e.g., covalent cross-links, nanofillers, etc.), and how the strategic application of supramolecular polymers can be used as a platform for designing the next generation of smart materials. This Viewpoint provides an overview of the aspects that have garnered interest in supramolecular polymer chemistry, while also highlighting challenges faced and innovations developed by researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase B. Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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11
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Pissarenko A, Ruestes CJ, Meyers MA. Constitutive description of skin dermis: Through analytical continuum and coarse-grained approaches for multi-scale understanding. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:208-224. [PMID: 32014584 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although there are many successful descriptions of the mechanical response of dermis at different levels of complexity and incorporating varying degrees of the physical phenomena involved in deformation, observations indicate that the unraveling of fibers involves a complex three-dimensional process in which they interact in ways that resemble a braided pattern. Here we develop two complementary treatments to gain a better understanding of the mechanical response of dermis: a) an analytical treatment incorporating fibril stiffness, interfibrillar frictional sliding, and the effect of lateral fibers on the extension of a primary fiber; b) a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model comprised of an array of parallel curved fibrils simulating a fiber. Interfibrillar frictional sliding and stiffness are also captured. Both analytical and molecular dynamics models operate at a scale compatible with the wavelength of collagen fibers (~10 µm). The constitutive description presented here incorporates important physical processes taking place during deformation of dermis and thus represents an advance in our understanding of these phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microstructural observations of the dermis of skin during tensile deformation indicate that the unraveling of fibers involves a complex three-dimensional process which replicates the effects of braiding. Two complementary constitutive modeling treatments were developed to gain a better understanding of the mechanical response of dermis: an analytical treatment incorporating fibril stiffness, interfibrillar sliding, and the effect of transverse fibers; and a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model describing the fibril bundling effect. An important novel aspect of the current contribution is the recognition that tridimensional collagen fiber arrangements play an important role in the mechanical response. The constitutive description presented here incorporates physical processes taking place during deformation of the dermis and thus represents an advance in our understanding of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos J Ruestes
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marc A Meyers
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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12
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d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Pezzella A, Meredith P, Buehler M. Melanin Biopolymers: Tailoring Chemical Complexity for Materials Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II” Via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Paul Meredith
- Department of Physics Swansea University Vivian Building, Singleton Campus SA2 8PP Swansea UK
| | - Markus Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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13
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Melanin Biopolymers: Tailoring Chemical Complexity for Materials Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11196-11205. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Azimi B, Milazzo M, Lazzeri A, Berrettini S, Uddin MJ, Qin Z, Buehler MJ, Danti S. Electrospinning Piezoelectric Fibers for Biocompatible Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901287. [PMID: 31701671 PMCID: PMC6949425 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology has been gaining great success due to its potential in developing new generations of nanoscale materials with unprecedented properties and enhanced biological responses. This is particularly exciting using nanofibers, as their mechanical and topographic characteristics can approach those found in naturally occurring biological materials. Electrospinning is a key technique to manufacture ultrafine fibers and fiber meshes with multifunctional features, such as piezoelectricity, to be available on a smaller length scale, thus comparable to subcellular scale, which makes their use increasingly appealing for biomedical applications. These include biocompatible fiber-based devices as smart scaffolds, biosensors, energy harvesters, and nanogenerators for the human body. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current studies focused on the fabrication of ultrafine polymeric and ceramic piezoelectric fibers specifically designed for, or with the potential to be translated toward, biomedical applications. It provides an applicative and technical overview of the biocompatible piezoelectric fibers, with actual and potential applications, an understanding of the electrospinning process, and the properties of nanostructured fibrous materials, including the available modeling approaches. Ultimately, this review aims at enabling a future vision on the impact of these nanomaterials as stimuli-responsive devices in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Azimi
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical Molecular Pathology and Emergency Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Mohammed Jasim Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Photonics and Energy Research Laboratory, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Serena Danti
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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15
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Kimmins KM, James BD, Nguyen MT, Hatton BD, Sone ED. Oil-Infused Silicone Prevents Zebra Mussel Adhesion. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5841-5847. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Kimmins
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Bryan D. James
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Room 140, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Minh-Tam Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Room 140, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Benjamin D. Hatton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Room 140, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Eli D. Sone
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Room 140, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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16
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Cohen N, Waite JH, McMeeking RM, Valentine MT. Force distribution and multiscale mechanics in the mussel byssus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190202. [PMID: 31495310 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The byssi of sessile mussels have the extraordinary ability to adhere to various surfaces and withstand static and dynamic loadings arising from hostile environmental conditions. Many investigations aimed at understanding the unique properties of byssal thread-plaque structures have been conducted and have inspired the enhancement of fibre coatings and adhesives. However, a systems-level analysis of the mechanical performance of the composite materials is lacking. In this work, we discuss the anatomy of the byssus and the function of each of the three components (the proximal thread portion, the distal thread portion and the adhesive plaque) of its structures. We introduce a basic nonlinear system of springs that describes the contribution of each component to the overall mechanical response and use this model to approximate the elastic modulus of the distal thread portion as well as the plaque, the response of which cannot be isolated through experiment alone. We conclude with a discussion of unresolved questions, highlighting areas of opportunity where additional experimental and theoretical work is needed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Cohen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - J Herbert Waite
- Marine Sciences Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,BioMolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Robert M McMeeking
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Megan T Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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17
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Zhang Y, DeBenedictis EP, Keten S. Cohesive and adhesive properties of crosslinked semiflexible biopolymer networks. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3807-3816. [PMID: 30993297 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular semiflexible polymer networks with persistence lengths well above those of single polymeric chains serve important structural and adhesive roles in biology, biomaterials, food science and many other fields. While relationships between the structure and viscoelasticity of semiflexible polymer networks have been previously investigated, it remains challenging to systematically relate fibril and network properties to cohesive and adhesive properties that govern the function of these materials. To address this issue, here we utilize coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to thoroughly elucidate how the work of adhesion of a semiflexible polymer network to a surface depends on crosslink density and fibril persistence length. Two emergent characteristics of the network are its elasticity and its interfacial energy with the surface. Stiff networks that are either highly crosslinked or have high persistence length fibrils tend to have lower interfacial energy, and consequently, lower work of adhesion. For lightly crosslinked networks with flexible fibrils, considerable strain energy must be stored within the adhesive during detachment, which creates an additional penalty to detachment. Increasing persistence length while keeping crosslink density constant leads to porous, low density networks, leading to an optimal fibril persistence length at which maximum work of adhesion per mass density is attained for a given crosslink density. For any given fibril persistence length, increasing crosslink density has a slightly negative effect on network mass density and interfacial energy. A critical crosslink density is found, below which the networks have no significant load-bearing capacity. Lightly crosslinked networks above this threshold absorb more strain energy during desorption and consequently possess greater work of adhesion. The conflict between mass density and stiffness results in a non-monotonic trend between the ratio of work of adhesion to interfacial energy and persistence length. These findings provide physical insight into the adhesive mechanisms of biomaterials based on crosslinked semiflexible polymer networks, and reveal important design guidelines for bio-adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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18
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Jin K, López Barreiro D, Martin-Martinez FJ, Qin Z, Hamm M, Paul CW, Buehler MJ. Improving the performance of pressure sensitive adhesives by tuning the crosslinking density and locations. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Li S, Zhang Y, Dou X, Zuo P, Liu J. Hard to be killed: Load-bearing capacity of the leech Hirudo nipponia. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:345-351. [PMID: 30007183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the evolution for several millions of years, leeches have developed a perfect capability to resist mechanical loads, which provides many inspirations to engineer new materials and new devices. To uncover the mechanism of its strong survival ability, several mechanical approaches, such as compression, tension, adhesion, impact and blood suction experiments were tried. Our experimental results show that a leech (Hirudo nipponia) can surprisingly withstand a compressive force of nearly 106 times its body weight. In tension, this animal demonstrates large deformation and its strain can reach a value bigger than 3. To avoid being removed from the host skin, it produces an adhesion force superior to 118 times its body weight, and it can endure an impact force at least 1500 times its weight. Also the leech skin can bear an internal fluid pressure of around 6 times the atmospheric pressure. These data show that the leech cannot be killed easily through normal mechanical loading approaches. All these amazing performances lie in hierarchical structures and ductility of the skin with highly developed and compact annuluses, and this feature is beneficial to leech's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanpeng Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dou
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Pingcheng Zuo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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20
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Amini S, Kolle S, Petrone L, Ahanotu O, Sunny S, Sutanto CN, Hoon S, Cohen L, Weaver JC, Aizenberg J, Vogel N, Miserez A. Preventing mussel adhesion using lubricant-infused materials. Science 2017; 357:668-673. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Kollbe Ahn
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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23
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Ling S, Qin Z, Huang W, Cao S, Kaplan DL, Buehler MJ. Design and function of biomimetic multilayer water purification membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601939. [PMID: 28435877 PMCID: PMC5381955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer architectures in water purification membranes enable increased water throughput, high filter efficiency, and high molecular loading capacity. However, the preparation of membranes with well-organized multilayer structures, starting from the nanoscale to maximize filtration efficiency, remains a challenge. We report a complete strategy to fully realize a novel biomaterial-based multilayer nanoporous membrane via the integration of computational simulation and experimental fabrication. Our comparative computational simulations, based on coarse-grained models of protein nanofibrils and mineral plates, reveal that the multilayer structure can only form with weak interactions between nanofibrils and mineral plates. We demonstrate experimentally that silk nanofibril (SNF) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) can be used to fabricate highly ordered multilayer membranes with nanoporous features by combining protein self-assembly and in situ biomineralization. The production is optimized to be a simple and highly repeatable process that does not require sophisticated equipment and is suitable for scaled production of low-cost water purification membranes. These membranes not only show ultrafast water penetration but also exhibit broad utility and high efficiency of removal and even reuse (in some cases) of contaminants, including heavy metal ions, dyes, proteins, and other nanoparticles in water. Our biomimetic design and synthesis of these functional SNF/HAP materials have established a paradigm that could lead to the large-scale, low-cost production of multilayer materials with broad spectrum and efficiency for water purification, with applications in wastewater treatment, biomedicine, food industry, and the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ling
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sufeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Computational Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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24
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Abstract
Robust adhesion to wet, salt-encrusted, corroded and slimy surfaces has been an essential adaptation in the life histories of sessile marine organisms for hundreds of millions of years, but it remains a major impasse for technology. Mussel adhesion has served as one of many model systems providing a fundamental understanding of what is required for attachment to wet surfaces. Most polymer engineers have focused on the use of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (Dopa), a peculiar but abundant catecholic amino acid in mussel adhesive proteins. The premise of this Review is that although Dopa does have the potential for diverse cohesive and adhesive interactions, these will be difficult to achieve in synthetic homologs without a deeper knowledge of mussel biology; that is, how, at different length and time scales, mussels regulate the reactivity of their adhesive proteins. To deposit adhesive proteins onto target surfaces, the mussel foot creates an insulated reaction chamber with extreme reaction conditions such as low pH, low ionic strength and high reducing poise. These conditions enable adhesive proteins to undergo controlled fluid-fluid phase separation, surface adsorption and spreading, microstructure formation and, finally, solidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herbert Waite
- Marine Sciences Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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25
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Chen CT, Martin-Martinez FJ, Jung GS, Buehler MJ. Polydopamine and eumelanin molecular structures investigated with ab initio calculations. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1631-1641. [PMID: 28451292 PMCID: PMC5364519 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of computational methods that contains a brute-force algorithmic generation of chemical isomers, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is reported and applied to investigate nearly 3000 probable molecular structures of polydopamine (PDA) and eumelanin. All probable early-polymerized 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) oligomers, ranging from dimers to tetramers, have been systematically analyzed to find the most stable geometry connections as well as to propose a set of molecular models that represents the chemically diverse nature of PDA and eumelanin. Our results indicate that more planar oligomers have a tendency to be more stable. This finding is in good agreement with recent experimental observations, which suggested that PDA and eumelanin are composed of nearly planar oligomers that appear to be stacked together via π-π interactions to form graphite-like layered aggregates. We also show that there is a group of tetramers notably more stable than the others, implying that even though there is an inherent chemical diversity in PDA and eumelanin, the molecular structures of the majority of the species are quite repetitive. Our results also suggest that larger oligomers are less likely to form. This observation is also consistent with experimental measurements, supporting the existence of small oligomers instead of large polymers as main components of PDA and eumelanin. In summary, this work brings an insight into the controversial structure of PDA and eumelanin, explaining some of the most important structural features, and providing a set of molecular models for more accurate modeling of eumelanin-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Chen
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM) , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Ave. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA .
| | - Francisco J Martin-Martinez
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM) , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Ave. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA .
| | - Gang Seob Jung
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM) , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Ave. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA .
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM) , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Ave. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA .
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26
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Ovaska M, Bertalan Z, Miksic A, Sugni M, Di Benedetto C, Ferrario C, Leggio L, Guidetti L, Alava MJ, La Porta CA, Zapperi S. Deformation and fracture of echinoderm collagen networks. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 65:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Muiznieks LD, Keeley FW. Biomechanical Design of Elastic Protein Biomaterials: A Balance of Protein Structure and Conformational Disorder. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:661-679. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D. Muiznieks
- Molecular
Structure and Function Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
| | - Fred W. Keeley
- Molecular
Structure and Function Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4
- Department
of Biochemistry and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, 1 King’s College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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28
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Filippidi E, DeMartini DG, Malo de Molina P, Danner EW, Kim J, Helgeson ME, Waite JH, Valentine MT. The microscopic network structure of mussel (Mytilus) adhesive plaques. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:20150827. [PMID: 26631333 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mussels of the genus Mytilus live in the hostile intertidal zone, attached to rocks, bio-fouled surfaces and each other via collagen-rich threads ending in adhesive pads, the plaques. Plaques adhere in salty, alkaline seawater, withstanding waves and tidal currents. Each plaque requires a force of several newtons to detach. Although the molecular composition of the plaques has been well studied, a complete understanding of supra-molecular plaque architecture and its role in maintaining adhesive strength remains elusive. Here, electron microscopy and neutron scattering studies of plaques harvested from Mytilus californianus and Mytilus galloprovincialis reveal a complex network structure reminiscent of structural foams. Two characteristic length scales are observed characterizing a dense meshwork (approx. 100 nm) with large interpenetrating pores (approx. 1 µm). The network withstands chemical denaturation, indicating significant cross-linking. Plaques formed at lower temperatures have finer network struts, from which we hypothesize a kinetically controlled formation mechanism. When mussels are induced to create plaques, the resulting structure lacks a well-defined network architecture, showcasing the importance of processing over self-assembly. Together, these new data provide essential insight into plaque structure and formation and set the foundation to understand the role of plaque structure in stress distribution and toughening in natural and biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Filippidi
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel G DeMartini
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Eric W Danner
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Juntae Kim
- Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Helgeson
- Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Herbert Waite
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Megan T Valentine
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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29
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Molecular Modeling and Mechanics of Acrylic Adhesives on a Graphene Substrate with Roughness. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Quantitative Estimates of Bio-Remodeling on Coastal Rock Surfaces. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse4020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Surface force measurements and simulations of mussel-derived peptide adhesives on wet organic surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4332-7. [PMID: 27036002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603065113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating sticky biological molecules-such as mussel foot proteins (MFPs)-into synthetic, cost-effective underwater adhesives with adjustable nano- and macroscale characteristics requires an intimate understanding of the glue's molecular interactions. To help facilitate the next generation of aqueous adhesives, we performed a combination of surface forces apparatus (SFA) measurements and replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations on a synthetic, easy to prepare, Dopa-containing peptide (MFP-3s peptide), which adheres to organic surfaces just as effectively as its wild-type protein analog. Experiments and simulations both show significant differences in peptide adsorption on CH3-terminated (hydrophobic) and OH-terminated (hydrophilic) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), where adsorption is strongest on hydrophobic SAMs because of orientationally specific interactions with Dopa. Additional umbrella-sampling simulations yield free-energy profiles that quantitatively agree with SFA measurements and are used to extract the adhesive properties of individual amino acids within the context of MFP-3s peptide adhesion, revealing a delicate balance between van der Waals, hydrophobic, and electrostatic forces.
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32
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Nabavi SS, Hartmann MA. Weak reversible cross links may decrease the strength of aligned fiber bundles. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2047-2055. [PMID: 26750612 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reversible cross-linking is an effective strategy to specifically tailor the mechanical properties of polymeric materials that can be found in a variety of biological as well as man-made materials. Using a simple model in this paper the influence of weak, reversible cross-links on the mechanical properties of aligned fiber bundles is investigated. Special emphasis in this analysis is put on the strength of the investigated structures. Using Monte Carlo methods two topologies of cross-links exceeding the strength of the covalent backbone are studied. Most surprisingly only two cross-links are sufficient to break the backbone of a multi chain system, resulting in a reduced strength of the material. The found effect crucially depends on the ratio of inter- to intra-chain cross-links and, thus, on the grafting density that determines this ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soran Nabavi
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
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33
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Xiang Gu G, Su I, Sharma S, Voros JL, Qin Z, Buehler MJ. Three-Dimensional-Printing of Bio-Inspired Composites. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:021006. [PMID: 26747791 PMCID: PMC5101043 DOI: 10.1115/1.4032423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optimized for millions of years, natural materials often outperform synthetic materials due to their hierarchical structures and multifunctional abilities. They usually feature a complex architecture that consists of simple building blocks. Indeed, many natural materials such as bone, nacre, hair, and spider silk, have outstanding material properties, making them applicable to engineering applications that may require both mechanical resilience and environmental compatibility. However, such natural materials are very difficult to harvest in bulk, and may be toxic in the way they occur naturally, and therefore, it is critical to use alternative methods to fabricate materials that have material functions similar to material function as their natural counterparts for large-scale applications. Recent progress in additive manufacturing, especially the ability to print multiple materials at upper micrometer resolution, has given researchers an excellent instrument to design and reconstruct natural-inspired materials. The most advanced 3D-printer can now be used to manufacture samples to emulate their geometry and material composition with high fidelity. Its capabilities, in combination with computational modeling, have provided us even more opportunities for designing, optimizing, and testing the function of composite materials, in order to achieve composites of high mechanical resilience and reliability. In this review article, we focus on the advanced material properties of several multifunctional biological materials and discuss how the advanced 3D-printing techniques can be used to mimic their architectures and functions. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of 3D-printing, suggest possible future developments, and discuss applications using bio-inspired materials as a tool in bioengineering and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Xiang Gu
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular
Mechanics (LAMM),
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering;
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Isabelle Su
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular
Mechanics (LAMM),
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular
Mechanics (LAMM),
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering;
Department of Materials Science and
Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jamie L. Voros
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular
Mechanics (LAMM),
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering;
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
School of Architecture and Planning,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zhao Qin
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular
Mechanics (LAMM),
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular
Mechanics (LAMM),
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02139
e-mail:
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Rigoldi F, Spero L, Dalle Vedove A, Redaelli A, Parisini E, Gautieri A. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the substrate specificity of FAOX family members. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2622-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic assays based on Fructosyl Amino Acid Oxidases (FAOX) represent a potential, rapid and economical strategy to measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which is in turn a reliable method to monitor the insurgence and the development of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rigoldi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Ludovica Spero
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Andrea Dalle Vedove
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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Kaushik NK, Kaushik N, Pardeshi S, Sharma JG, Lee SH, Choi EH. Biomedical and Clinical Importance of Mussel-Inspired Polymers and Materials. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6792-817. [PMID: 26569266 PMCID: PMC4663554 DOI: 10.3390/md13116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The substance secreted by mussels, also known as nature's glue, is a type of liquid protein that hardens rapidly into a solid water-resistant adhesive material. While in seawater or saline conditions, mussels can adhere to all types of surfaces, sustaining its bonds via mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs), a group of proteins containing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and catecholic amino acid. Several aspects of this adhesion process have inspired the development of various types of synthetic materials for biomedical applications. Further, there is an urgent need to utilize biologically inspired strategies to develop new biocompatible materials for medical applications. Consequently, many researchers have recently reported bio-inspired techniques and materials that show results similar to or better than those shown by MAPs for a range of medical applications. However, the susceptibility to oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine poses major challenges with regard to the practical translation of mussel adhesion. In this review, various strategies are discussed to provide an option for DOPA/metal ion chelation and to compensate for the limitations imposed by facile 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine autoxidation. We discuss the anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activity, and adhesive behaviors of mussel bio-products and mussel-inspired materials (MIMs) that make them attractive for synthetic adaptation. The development of biologically inspired adhesive interfaces, bioactive mussel products, MIMs, and arising areas of research leading to biomedical applications are considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea.
| | - Sunil Pardeshi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea.
| | - Jai Gopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Graduate School of Information Contents, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea.
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea.
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Miller DR, Das S, Huang KY, Han S, Israelachvili JN, Waite JH. Mussel Coating Protein-Derived Complex Coacervates Mitigate Frictional Surface Damage. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1121-1128. [PMID: 26618194 PMCID: PMC4642218 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
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The role of friction in the functional
performance of biomaterial
interfaces is widely reckoned to be critical and complicated but poorly
understood. To better understand friction forces, we investigated
the natural adaptation of the holdfast or byssus of mussels that live
in high-energy surf habitats. As the outermost covering of the byssus,
the cuticle deserves particular attention for its adaptations to frictional
wear under shear. In this study, we coacervated one of three variants
of a key cuticular component, mussel foot protein 1, mfp-1 [(1) Mytilus californianus mcfp-1, (2) rmfp-1, and (3) rmfp-1-Dopa],
with hyaluronic acid (HA) and investigated the wear protection capabilities
of these coacervates to surfaces (mica) during shear. Native mcfp-1/HA
coacervates had an intermediate coefficient of friction (μ ∼0.3)
but conferred excellent wear protection to mica with no damage from
applied loads, F⊥, as high as 300
mN (pressure, P, > 2 MPa). Recombinant rmfp-1/HA
coacervates exhibited a comparable coefficient of friction (μ
∼0.3); however, wear protection was significantly inferior
(damage at F⊥ > 60 mN) compared
with that of native protein coacervates. Wear protection of rmfp-1/HA
coacervates increased 5-fold upon addition of the surface adhesive
group 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, (Dopa). We propose a Dopa-dependent
wear protection mechanism to explain the differences in wear protection
between coacervates. Our results reveal a significant untapped potential
for coacervates in applications that require adhesion, lubrication,
and wear protection. These applications include artificial joints,
contact lenses, dental sealants, and hair and skin conditioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusty Rose Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9611, United States
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Kuo-Ying Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625, United States
| | - Jacob N Israelachvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - J Herbert Waite
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625, United States
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37
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The role of mechanics in biological and bio-inspired systems. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7418. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Qin Z, Buehler MJ. Nonlinear Viscous Water at Nanoporous Two-Dimensional Interfaces Resists High-Speed Flow through Cooperativity. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3939-3944. [PMID: 25936896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently emerging ultrathin two-dimensional carbon materials provide potentially game-changing membranes for water filtration. Here we discover a changed water behavior at the nanoscale that is significantly distinct from its bulk state as water flows through two-dimensional carbon allotropes. We find that water exhibits a very high viscosity due to the cooperativity of water molecules that enhances the nonbonded H-bond interactions with the dense lattice of carbon structures, which renders flow significantly more viscous, with a resistance that is inversely proportional to the sixth power of the characteristic length of the nanopores. This is in contrast to a constant value as assumed in conventional knowledge. Our findings reveal how water molecules behave drastically different from their bulk state under extreme nanoconfinement conditions. These insights enable us to incorporate the size analysis of particles in variant untreated water into membrane design and propose the design of more efficient devices with higher filtration throughput and greater mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qin
- †Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and ‡Center for Computational Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Markus J Buehler
- †Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and ‡Center for Computational Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Structural optimization of 3D-printed synthetic spider webs for high strength. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7038. [PMID: 25975372 PMCID: PMC4479035 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiders spin intricate webs that serve as sophisticated prey-trapping architectures that simultaneously exhibit high strength, elasticity and graceful failure. To determine how web mechanics are controlled by their topological design and material distribution, here we create spider-web mimics composed of elastomeric filaments. Specifically, computational modelling and microscale 3D printing are combined to investigate the mechanical response of elastomeric webs under multiple loading conditions. We find the existence of an asymptotic prey size that leads to a saturated web strength. We identify pathways to design elastomeric material structures with maximum strength, low density and adaptability. We show that the loading type dictates the optimal material distribution, that is, a homogeneous distribution is better for localized loading, while stronger radial threads with weaker spiral threads is better for distributed loading. Our observations reveal that the material distribution within spider webs is dictated by the loading condition, shedding light on their observed architectural variations. Spider webs have some intriguing mechanical properties, but understanding of the properties is limited to individual silk fibres. Here, the authors create mimics of spider web using 3D techniques, which enables them to acquire knowledge of mechanical strength of the entire synthetic web.
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40
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Nabavi SS, Harrington MJ, Fratzl P, Hartmann MA. Influence of sacrificial bonds on the mechanical behaviour of polymer chains. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.14.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Carrington E, Waite JH, Sarà G, Sebens KP. Mussels as a model system for integrative ecomechanics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2014; 7:443-469. [PMID: 25195867 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mussels form dense aggregations that dominate temperate rocky shores, and they are key aquaculture species worldwide. Coastal environments are dynamic across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, and their changing abiotic conditions affect mussel populations in a variety of ways, including altering their investments in structures, physiological processes, growth, and reproduction. Here, we describe four categories of ecomechanical models (biochemical, mechanical, energetic, and population) that we have developed to describe specific aspects of mussel biology, ranging from byssal attachment to energetics, population growth, and fitness. This review highlights how recent advances in these mechanistic models now allow us to link them together across molecular, material, organismal, and population scales of organization. This integrated ecomechanical approach provides explicit and sometimes novel predictions about how natural and farmed mussel populations will fare in changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Carrington
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250; ,
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Yang W, Sherman VR, Gludovatz B, Mackey M, Zimmermann EA, Chang EH, Schaible E, Qin Z, Buehler MJ, Ritchie RO, Meyers MA. Protective role of Arapaima gigas fish scales: structure and mechanical behavior. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3599-614. [PMID: 24816264 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scales of the arapaima (Arapaima gigas), one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, can serve as inspiration for the design of flexible dermal armor. Each scale is composed of two layers: a laminate composite of parallel collagen fibrils and a hard, highly mineralized surface layer. We review the structure of the arapaima scales and examine the functions of the different layers, focusing on the mechanical behavior, including tension and penetration of the scales, with and without the highly mineralized outer layer. We show that the fracture of the mineral and the stretching, rotation and delamination of collagen fibrils dissipate a significant amount of energy prior to catastrophic failure, providing high toughness and resistance to penetration by predator teeth. We show that the arapaima's scale has evolved to minimize damage from penetration by predator teeth through a Bouligand-like arrangement of successive layers, each consisting of parallel collagen fibrils with different orientations. This inhibits crack propagation and restricts damage to an area adjoining the penetration. The flexibility of the lamellae is instrumental to the redistribution of the compressive stresses in the underlying tissue, decreasing the severity of the concentrated load produced by the action of a tooth. The experimental results, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering characterization and molecular dynamics simulations, provide a complete picture of the mechanisms of deformation, delamination and rotation of the lamellae during tensile extension of the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vincent R Sherman
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernd Gludovatz
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mason Mackey
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Facility, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmermann
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Edwin H Chang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Marc A Meyers
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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43
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Mechanics of fragmentation of crocodile skin and other thin films. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4966. [PMID: 24862190 PMCID: PMC4034009 DOI: 10.1038/srep04966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of thin layers of materials is mediated by a network of cracks on its surface. It is commonly seen in dehydrated paintings or asphalt pavements and even in graphene or other two-dimensional materials, but is also observed in the characteristic polygonal pattern on a crocodile's head. Here, we build a simple mechanical model of a thin film and investigate the generation and development of fragmentation patterns as the material is exposed to various modes of deformation. We find that the characteristic size of fragmentation, defined by the mean diameter of polygons, is strictly governed by mechanical properties of the film material. Our result demonstrates that skin fragmentation on the head of crocodiles is dominated by that it features a small ratio between the fracture energy and Young's modulus, and the patterns agree well with experimental observations. Understanding this mechanics-driven process could be applied to improve the lifetime and reliability of thin film coatings by mimicking crocodile skin.
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Bar-On B, Barth FG, Fratzl P, Politi Y. Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3894. [PMID: 24866935 PMCID: PMC4050259 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The spider fang is a natural injection needle, hierarchically built from a complex composite material comprising multiscale architectural gradients. Considering its biomechanical function, the spider fang has to sustain significant mechanical loads. Here we apply experiment-based structural modelling of the fang, followed by analytical mechanical description and Finite-Element simulations, the results of which indicate that the naturally evolved fang architecture results in highly adapted effective structural stiffness and damage resilience. The analysis methods and physical insights of this work are potentially important for investigating and understanding the architecture and structural motifs of sharp-edge biological elements such as stingers, teeth, claws and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Bar-On
- Department of Biomaterial, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Friedrich G. Barth
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterial, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Yael Politi
- Department of Biomaterial, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
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Qin Z, Dimas L, Adler D, Bratzel G, Buehler MJ. Biological materials by design. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:073101. [PMID: 24451343 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/7/073101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this topical review we discuss recent advances in the use of physical insight into the way biological materials function, to design novel engineered materials 'from scratch', or from the level of fundamental building blocks upwards and by using computational multiscale methods that link chemistry to material function. We present studies that connect advances in multiscale hierarchical material structuring with material synthesis and testing, review case studies of wood and other biological materials, and illustrate how engineered fiber composites and bulk materials are designed, modeled, and then synthesized and tested experimentally. The integration of experiment and simulation in multiscale design opens new avenues to explore the physics of materials from a fundamental perspective, and using complementary strengths from models and empirical techniques. Recent developments in this field illustrate a new paradigm by which complex material functionality is achieved through hierarchical structuring in spite of simple material constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qin
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 1-290, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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How mussels flex for impact. Nature 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/500009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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