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Logan AD, Shree S, Chakravarthi S, Yama N, Pederson C, Hestroffer K, Hatami F, Fu KMC. Triply-resonant sum frequency conversion with gallium phosphide ring resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1516-1531. [PMID: 36785185 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quasi-phase matched, triply-resonant sum frequency conversion in 10.6-µm-diameter integrated gallium phosphide ring resonators. A small-signal, waveguide-to-waveguide power conversion efficiency of 8 ± 1.1%/mW; is measured for conversion from telecom (1536 nm) and near infrared (1117 nm) to visible (647 nm) wavelengths with an absolute power conversion efficiency of 6.3 ± 0.6%; measured at saturation pump power. For the complementary difference frequency generation process, a single photon conversion efficiency of 7.2%/mW from visible to telecom is projected for resonators with optimized coupling. Efficient conversion from visible to telecom will facilitate long-distance transmission of spin-entangled photons from solid-state emitters such as the diamond NV center, allowing long-distance entanglement for quantum networks.
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2
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Is Heralded Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence with Single Absorbers Possible with Current Technology? PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between single or a fixed number of photons with a single absorber is of fundamental interest in quantum technology. The harnessing of light matter interactions at the single particle limit has several potential applications ranging from quantum communication and quantum metrology to quantum imaging. In this perspective, a setup for heralded two-photon excited fluorescence at the single absorber level is proposed. The setup is based on a heralded two-photon source utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion, entanglement swapping and sum frequency generation for joint detection. This perspective aimed at triggering a discussion about the study of TPA and TPEF with only very few photons. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed by estimating the performance based on state-of-the-art technologies and losses, with the conclusion that the realization appears to be very challenging, but not completely impossible.
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Li Y, Huang Y, Xiang T, Nie Y, Sang M, Yuan L, Chen X. Multiuser Time-Energy Entanglement Swapping Based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed and Sum-Frequency Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250505. [PMID: 31922812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfect entanglement swapping, which can be realized without the postselection by using the nonlinear optical technology, provides an important way toward generating the large-scale quantum network. We explore an entanglement-swapping-based dense wavelength division multiplexed network in the experiment. Four users receive single quantum states at different wavelengths, and we perform a time-energy entanglement swapping operation based on the sum-frequency generation to make users fully connected in the network. The results show that the fidelity of the entangled state is larger than 90% and is independent of the number of users. Our Letter demonstrates the feasibility of a proposed multiuser network, and hence paves a route toward a variety of quantum applications, including entanglement-swapping-based quantum direct communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyou Nie
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Minghuang Sang
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Luqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhang Y, Agnew M, Roger T, Roux FS, Konrad T, Faccio D, Leach J, Forbes A. Simultaneous entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Nat Commun 2017; 8:632. [PMID: 28935969 PMCID: PMC5608840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-bit-rate long-distance quantum communication is a proposed technology for future communication networks and relies on high-dimensional quantum entanglement as a core resource. While it is known that spatial modes of light provide an avenue for high-dimensional entanglement, the ability to transport such quantum states robustly over long distances remains challenging. To overcome this, entanglement swapping may be used to generate remote quantum correlations between particles that have not interacted; this is the core ingredient of a quantum repeater, akin to repeaters in optical fibre networks. Here we demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Our approach does not distinguish between different anti-symmetric states, and thus entanglement swapping occurs for several thousand pairs of spatial light modes simultaneously. This work represents the first step towards a quantum network for high-dimensional entangled states and provides a test bed for fundamental tests of quantum science. Entanglement swapping in high dimensions requires large numbers of entangled photons and consequently suffers from low photon flux. Here the authors demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple spatial modes of light simultaneously, without the need for increasing the photon numbers with dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Megan Agnew
- IPaQS, SUPA, Heriot-Watt, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Roger
- IPaQS, SUPA, Heriot-Watt, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Filippus S Roux
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa.,National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,National Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | | | | | - Andrew Forbes
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
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Niu MY, Sanders BC, Wong FNC, Shapiro JH. Unity-Efficiency Parametric Down-Conversion via Amplitude Amplification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:123601. [PMID: 28388184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose an optical scheme, employing optical parametric down-converters interlaced with nonlinear sign gates (NSGs), that completely converts an n-photon Fock-state pump to n signal-idler photon pairs when the down-converters' crystal lengths are chosen appropriately. The proof of this assertion relies on amplitude amplification, analogous to that employed in Grover search, applied to the full quantum dynamics of single-mode parametric down-conversion. When we require that all Grover iterations use the same crystal, and account for potential experimental limitations on crystal-length precision, our optimized conversion efficiencies reach unity for 1≤n≤5, after which they decrease monotonically for n values up to 50, which is the upper limit of our numerical dynamics evaluations. Nevertheless, our conversion efficiencies remain higher than those for a conventional (no NSGs) down-converter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy Yuezhen Niu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Barry C Sanders
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Program in Quantum Information Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Zhuang Q, Zhang Z, Shapiro JH. Optimum Mixed-State Discrimination for Noisy Entanglement-Enhanced Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:040801. [PMID: 28186814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum metrology utilizes nonclassical resources, such as entanglement or squeezed light, to realize sensors whose performance exceeds that afforded by classical-state systems. Environmental loss and noise, however, easily destroy nonclassical resources and, thus, nullify the performance advantages of most quantum-enhanced sensors. Quantum illumination (QI) is different. It is a robust entanglement-enhanced sensing scheme whose 6 dB performance advantage over a coherent-state sensor of the same average transmitted photon number survives the initial entanglement's eradication by loss and noise. Unfortunately, an implementation of the optimum quantum receiver that would reap QI's full performance advantage has remained elusive, owing to its having to deal with a huge number of very noisy optical modes. We show how sum-frequency generation (SFG) can be fruitfully applied to optimum multimode Gaussian-mixed-state discrimination. Applied to QI, our analysis and numerical evaluations demonstrate that our SFG receiver saturates QI's quantum Chernoff bound. Moreover, augmenting our SFG receiver with a feedforward (FF) mechanism pushes its performance to the Helstrom bound in the limit of low signal brightness. The FF-SFG receiver, thus, opens the door to optimum quantum-enhanced imaging, radar detection, state and channel tomography, and communication in practical Gaussian-state situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quntao Zhuang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zheshen Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Guerreiro T, Martin A, Sanguinetti B, Pelc JS, Langrock C, Fejer MM, Gisin N, Zbinden H, Sangouard N, Thew RT. Nonlinear interaction between single photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:173601. [PMID: 25379916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing nonlinearities strong enough to allow single photons to interact with one another is not only a fascinating challenge but also central to numerous advanced applications in quantum information science. Here we report the nonlinear interaction between two single photons. Each photon is generated in independent parametric down-conversion sources. They are subsequently combined in a nonlinear waveguide where they are converted into a single photon of higher energy by the process of sum-frequency generation. Our approach results in the direct generation of photon triplets. More generally, it highlights the potential for quantum nonlinear optics with integrated devices and, as the photons are at telecom wavelengths, it opens the way towards novel applications in quantum communication such as device-independent quantum key distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guerreiro
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Martin
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - B Sanguinetti
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Pelc
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Langrock
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N Gisin
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - H Zbinden
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - N Sangouard
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - R T Thew
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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