1
|
Kim HJ, Kim YH. Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5302. [PMID: 38791344 PMCID: PMC11121268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nandy P, Shrivastava T. Exploring the Multifaceted Impact of Acne on Quality of Life and Well-Being. Cureus 2024; 16:e52727. [PMID: 38384651 PMCID: PMC10879740 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A suitable portion of the total population still suffers through acne vulgaris, a widespread dermatological illness that mostly affects teens and young adults. Although acne is typically considered to be a cosmetic problem, recent research has concluded that certainly it has a significant role on impacting many physiological aspects of human health. This thorough investigation attempts to examine the intricate effects of acne on human physiology, taking into consideration both systemic and local effects. The study synthesizes research from a number of scientific disciplines, including dermatology, endocrinology, immunology, and psychoneuroimmunology. It investigates the complex interrelationships between several factors, such as sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, hormone imbalance, and Propionibacterium acnes colonisation, that lead to the development of acne. The study also sheds information on the intricate physiological mechanisms, oxidative stress, and immune response that contribute to the aetiology of acne. Along with it, the review investigates the relationship between endocrine problems and acne, emphasizing hormonal anomalies and their possible role in acne severity. The psychological effects of acne are also discussed, including the psychological problems, concerns with self-esteem, and decreased quality of life that acne sufferers encounter. On comprehensively examining the diverse physiological aspects affected by acne, this review provides a foundation for future research endeavours and informs the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Ultimately, the integration of multidisciplinary approaches will enable healthcare professionals to address the physiological complexities of acne and improve the overall well-being of individuals affected by this common skin condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyashman Nandy
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Dang T, Feng J, Wu W, He L, Yang J. Identification of differentially methylated genes for severe acne by genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression analysis. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2199373. [PMID: 37018476 PMCID: PMC10078136 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2199373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. DNA methylation is associated with a variety of inflammatory skin diseases, but its role in severe acne is unclear. In this study, we conducted a two-stage epigenome correlation study using 88 blood samples to identify disease-related differential methylation sites. We found close associations between the DNA methylation at 23 differentially methylated sites (DMSs) and severe acne, including PDGFD, ARHGEF10, etc. Further analysis revealed that differentially methylated genes (PARP8 and MAPKAPK2) were also expressed differently between severe acne and health control groups. These findings lead us to speculation that epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe acne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Tianyuan Dang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Z, Iyyanki T, Lessard S, Chao M, Asbrand C, Nassar D, Klinger K, de Rinaldis E, Khader S, Chatelain C. Genome-wide association study analysis of disease severity in Acne reveals novel biological insights. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.13.23298473. [PMID: 38014089 PMCID: PMC10680891 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.23298473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that affects >85% of teenage young adults among which >8% develop severe lesions that leaves permanent scars. Genetic heritability studies of acne in twin cohorts have estimated that the heritability for acne is 80%. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 50 genetic loci associated with increased risk of developing acne when compared to healthy individuals. However only a few studies have investigated genetic association with disease severity. GWAS of disease progression may provide a more effective approach to unveil potential disease modifying therapeutic targets. Here, we performed a multi-ethnic GWAS analysis to capture disease severity in acne patients by using individuals with normal acne as a control. Our cohort consists of a total of 2,956 participants, including 290 severe acne cases and 930 normal acne controls from FinnGen, and 522 cases and 1,214 controls from BioVU. We also performed mendelian randomization (MR), colocalization analyses and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify putative causal genes. Lastly, we performed gene-set enrichment analysis using MAGMA to implicate biological pathways that drive disease severity in Acne. We identified two new loci associated with acne severity at the genome-wide significance level, six novel associated genes by MR, colocalization and TWAS analyses, including genes CDC7, SLC7A1, ADAM23, TTLL10, CDK20 and DNAJA4 , and 5 novel pathways by MAGMA analyses. Our study suggests that the etiologies of acne susceptibility and severity have limited overlap, with only 26% of known acne risk loci presenting nominal association with acne severity and none of the novel severity associated genes reported as associated with acne risk in previous GWAS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mao R, Fan Z, He M, Li J. Acne and COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity: A genetic correlation study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29265. [PMID: 38009619 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meihui He
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dainichi T, Iwata M. Inflammatory loops in the epithelial-immune microenvironment of the skin and skin appendages in chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274270. [PMID: 37841246 PMCID: PMC10568311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-immune microenvironment (EIME) of epithelial tissues has five common elements: (1) microbial flora, (2) barrier, (3) epithelial cells, (4) immune cells, and (5) peripheral nerve endings. EIME provides both constant defense and situation-specific protective responses through three-layered mechanisms comprising barriers, innate immunity, and acquired immunity. The skin is one of the largest organs in the host defense system. The interactions between the five EIME elements of the skin protect against external dangers from the environment. This dysregulation can result in the generation of inflammatory loops in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we propose an understanding of EIME in chronic skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, and acne vulgaris. We discuss the current treatment strategies targeting their inflammatory loops and propose possible therapeutic targets in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kovács D, Camera E, Póliska S, Cavallo A, Maiellaro M, Dull K, Gruber F, Zouboulis CC, Szegedi A, Törőcsik D. Linoleic Acid Induced Changes in SZ95 Sebocytes-Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Arachidonic Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:3315. [PMID: 37571253 PMCID: PMC10420848 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived from the diet. Sebocytes, whose primary role is to moisturise the skin, process free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce the lipid-rich sebum. Importantly, like other sebum components such as palmitic acid (PA), LA and its derivative arachidonic acid (AA) are known to modulate sebocyte functions. Given the different roles of PA, LA and AA in skin biology, the aim of this study was to assess the specificity of sebocytes for LA and to dissect the different roles of LA and AA in regulating sebocyte functions. Using RNA sequencing, we confirmed that gene expression changes in LA-treated sebocytes were largely distinct from those induced by PA. LA, but not AA, regulated the expression of genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis, androgen and nuclear receptor signalling, keratinisation, lipid homeostasis and differentiation. In contrast, a set of mostly down-regulated genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune functions overlapped in LA- and AA-treated sebocytes. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the changes in the lipid profile of LA-treated sebocytes were more pronounced than those of AA-treated sebocytes, suggesting that LA may serve not only as a precursor of AA but also as a potent regulator of sebaceous lipogenesis, which may not only influence the gene expression profile but also have further specific biological relevance. In conclusion, we have shown that sebocytes are able to respond selectively to different lipid stimuli and that LA-induced effects can be both AA-dependent and independent. Our findings allow for the consideration of LA application in the therapy of sebaceous gland-associated inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, where lipid modulation and selective targeting of AA metabolism are potential treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Alessia Cavallo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Miriam Maiellaro
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Katalin Dull
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scott-Emuakpor R, Vuthaluru K, Nagre A, Jawed I, Patel PA, Sidhu HK. Role of Oral Retinoids in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris With a Bioinformatics-Based Perspective of Personalized Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e38019. [PMID: 37228537 PMCID: PMC10207980 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a skin condition characterized by the inflammation or hyperactivity of sebaceous glands on the skin, which results in the creation of comedones, lesions, nodules, and perifollicular hyperkeratinization. Increased sebum production, follicular blockage, and bacterial colonization may contribute to the disease etiology. Environmental factors, hormonal imbalance, and genetic predisposition can alter the severity of the disease. Its mental and monetary effects can be problematic for the society. In this study, we examined the role of isotretinoin in the treatment of acne vulgaris based on evidence from prior research. This review literature study compiled publications on the treatment of acne vulgaris from 1985 to 2022 based on PubMed and Google Scholar publications. Additional bioinformatics analyses were accompanied by GeneCards, STRING model, and DrugBank databases. These complementary analyses were designed to obtain a better perspective of personalized medicine which is highly required for dose-precise administrations of acne vulgaris treatment. Isotretinoin has been recognized as an effective treatment for acne vulgaris, particularly in cases that have been resistant to previous medications or have resulted in scarring, according to gathered data. Oral isotretinoin inhibits the proliferation of Propionibacterium acne, a critical factor in the development of acne lesions; also, it has been shown to be effective in reducing the number of Propionibacterium-resistant patients and regulating sebum production and reducing sebaceous gland size more effectively than other treatment options resulting in general improvements in skin clarity and acne severity and reduce inflammatory in 90% of patients. In addition to its efficacy, the majority of patients have shown that oral isotretinoin is well tolerated. This review highlights the use of oral retinoids, particularly isotretinoin, as an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for acne vulgaris. It has been proven that oral isotretinoin is useful for achieving long-lasting remission in patients with severe or resistant instances. Despite the fact that oral isotretinoin is related to a number of potential harmful effects, skin dryness was the most common side effect reported by patients that can be managed with the aid of suitable monitoring and drug administration against specific genes identified by genotyping of the susceptible variants of genes involved in TGFβ signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abhijit Nagre
- Medicine, Topiwala National Medical College & Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - Inshal Jawed
- Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Priyansh A Patel
- Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
- Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Baroda, IND
| | - Harmandeep K Sidhu
- Dermatology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
- Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piquero-Casals J, Morgado-Carrasco D, Rozas-Muñoz E, Mir-Bonafé JF, Trullàs C, Jourdan E, Piquero-Martin J, Zouboulis CC, Krutmann J. Sun exposure, a relevant exposome factor in acne patients and how photoprotection can improve outcomes. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1919-1928. [PMID: 36946555 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne pathophysiology includes a complex interaction among inflammatory mediators, hyperseborrhea, alteration of keratinization and follicular colonization by Propionibacterium acnes. AIMS To describe the impact of the exposome on acne and how photoprotection can improve outcomes. METHODS A narrative review of the literature was carried out; searches with Google Scholar and Pubmed from January 1992 to November 2022 were performed. The keywords used were "acne," "sunscreens," "photoprotection," "cosmetics," "cosmeceuticals," "pathogenesis," "etiology," "exposome," "sunlight," "stress," "lack of sleep," "diet," "postinflammatory hyperpigmentation," "pollution," "exposome," "ultraviolet radiation," and "visible light." RESULTS Environmental factors such as solar radiation, air pollution, tobacco consumption, psychological stress, diverse microorganisms, nutrition, among others, can trigger or worsen acne. Solar radiation can temporarily improve lesions. However, it can induce proinflammatory and profibrotic responses, and produce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and/or post-inflammatory erythema. While photoprotection is widely recommended to acne patients, only four relevant studies were found. Sunscreens can significantly improve symptomatology or enhance treatment and can prevent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, they can provide camouflage and improve quality of life. Based on acne pathogenesis, optimal sunscreens should have emollient, antioxidant and sebum controlling properties. CONCLUSIONS The exposome and solar radiation can trigger or worsen acne. UV light can induce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation/erythema, and can initiate flares. The use of specifically formulated sunscreens could enhance adherence to topical or systemic therapy, camouflage lesions (tinted sunscreens), decrease inflammation, and reduce the incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation/erythema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Piquero-Casals
- Department of Dermatology, Clínica Dermatológica Multidisciplinar Dermik, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Morgado-Carrasco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Rozas-Muñoz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital San Pablo, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - J F Mir-Bonafé
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Trullàs
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Jourdan
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Piquero-Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - J Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci conferring risk of acne vulgaris. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01326-8. [PMID: 36922633 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disorder presenting with comedones, cystic structures forming within the distal hair follicle, and in most cases additionally with inflammatory skin lesions on the face and upper torso. We performed a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis of data from 34,422 individuals with acne and 364,991 controls from three independent European-ancestry cohorts. We replicated 19 previously implicated genome-wide significant risk loci and identified four novel loci [11q12.2 (FADS2), 12q21.1 (LGR5), 17q25.3 (FASN), and 22q12.1 (ZNRF3-KREMEN1)], bringing the total number of reported acne risk loci to 50. Our meta-analysis results explain 9.4% of the phenotypic variance of acne. A polygenic model of acne risk variants showed that individuals in the top 5% of the risk percentiles had a 1.62-fold (95% CI 1.47-1.78) increased acne risk relative to individuals with average risk (20-80% on the polygenic risk score distribution). Our findings highlight the Wnt and MAPK pathways as key factors in the genetic predisposition to acne vulgaris, together with the effects of genetic variation on the structure and maintenance of the hair follicle and pilosebaceous unit. Two novel loci, 11q12.2 and 17q25.3, contain genes encoding key enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways.
Collapse
|
12
|
Evaluation of Adenosine A2A receptor gene polymorphisms as risk factors of methamphetamine use disorder susceptibility and predictors of craving degree. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114790. [PMID: 35987070 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays vital roles in drug addiction. In this study, we aimed to explore the susceptibility of ADORA2A to methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and the craving degree based on a two-stage association analysis. A total of 3,542 (1,216 patients with MUD and 2,326 controls) and 1,740 participants (580 patients with MUD and 1,160 controls) were recruited in discovery and replication stage, respectively. Significant SNPs identified in the discovery stage were genotyped in the replication samples. Serum levels of ADORA2A were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The genetic association signal of each SNP was examined using Plink. A linear model was fitted to investigate the relationship between craving scores and genotypes of significant SNPs. SNP rs5751876 was significantly associated with MUD in the discovery samples and this association signal was then further replicated in the replication samples. Significant associations were also identified between serum levels of ADORA2A and the genotypes of rs5751876 (P = 0.0002). The craving scores in patients with MUD were strongly correlated with rs5751876 genotypes. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of the ADORA2A gene could affect the susceptibility to MUD and its craving degree.
Collapse
|
13
|
Acne, Microbiome, and Probiotics: The Gut–Skin Axis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071303. [PMID: 35889022 PMCID: PMC9318165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to check the influence of the human microbiota in the pathogenesis of acne and how the treatment with probiotics as adjuvant or alternative therapy affects the evolution of acne vulgaris. Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving the pilosebaceous units. The pathogenesis of acne is complex and multifactorial involving genetic, metabolic, and hormonal factors in which both skin and gut microbiota are implicated. Numerous studies have shown the bidirectionality between the intestinal microbiota and skin homeostasis, a communication mainly established by modifying the immune system. Increased data on the mechanisms of action regarding the relevance of Cutibacterium acnes, as well as the importance of the gut–skin axis, are becoming known. Diverse and varied in vitro studies have shown the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in this context. Clinical trials with both topical and oral probiotics are scarce, although they have shown positive results, especially with oral probiotics through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, generating an anti-inflammatory response and restoring intestinal integrity, or through metabolic pathways involving insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Given the aggressiveness of some standard acne treatments, probiotics should continue to be investigated as an alternative or adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Role of Skin Immune System in Acne. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061579. [PMID: 35329904 PMCID: PMC8949596 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a skin disease that often occurs in adolescence and in young adulthood. The main pathogenic factors are hyperkeratinization, obstruction of sebaceous glands, stimulation of sebaceous gland secretion by androgens, and bacterial colonization of sebaceous units by Cutibacterium acnes, which promotes inflammation. Little is known about the role of skin immune cells in the development of acne lesions. The aim of the study was to try to understand the role of skin immune cells in the course of acne. Recent studies have shown that there are at least four major pathways by which Cutibacterium acnes interacts with the innate immune system to induce inflammation: through TLRs, activating inflammasomes, inducing the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and stimulating antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity. Cells of adaptive immune response, mainly Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. It is worth emphasizing that understanding the role of the skin’s immune cells in the pathogenesis of acne may, in the future, contribute to the application of modern therapeutic strategies that would avoid addiction to antibiotics, which would alleviate the spectrum of resistance that is now evident and a current threat.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mitchell BL, Saklatvala JR, Dand N, Hagenbeek FA, Li X, Min JL, Thomas L, Bartels M, Jan Hottenga J, Lupton MK, Boomsma DI, Dong X, Hveem K, Løset M, Martin NG, Barker JN, Han J, Smith CH, Rentería ME, Simpson MA. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 29 new acne susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2022; 13:702. [PMID: 35132056 PMCID: PMC8821634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable skin disorder that primarily impacts facial skin. Severely inflamed lesions may leave permanent scars that have been associated with long-term psychosocial consequences. Here, we perform a GWAS meta-analysis comprising 20,165 individuals with acne from nine independent European ancestry cohorts. We identify 29 novel genome-wide significant loci and replicate 14 of the 17 previously identified risk loci, bringing the total number of reported acne risk loci to 46. Using fine-mapping and eQTL colocalisation approaches, we identify putative causal genes at several acne susceptibility loci that have previously been implicated in Mendelian hair and skin disorders, including pustular psoriasis. We identify shared genetic aetiology between acne, hormone levels, hormone-sensitive cancers and psychiatric traits. Finally, we show that a polygenic risk score calculated from our results explains up to 5.6% of the variance in acne liability in an independent cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake R Saklatvala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Fiona A Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, US
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, US
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laurent Thomas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Mari Løset
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of Orthopaedy, Rheumatology and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, US
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, US
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duan M, Liu Y, Guo D, Kan S, Niu Z, Pu X, Bai M, Zhang D, Du W, Xie J. TGF-β2 increases cell-cell communication in chondrocytes via p-Smad3 signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119175. [PMID: 34863793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays a crucial role in the pathology and physiology of joint tissues. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), one of the potent regulatory factors in chondrocytes, plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle and development of joint diseases. However, it is still unknown how TGF-β2 mediates GJIC in chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism by which TGF-β2 regulates GJIC in chondrocytes. CCK-8 assays and scratch assays were performed to define the role of TGF-β2 on cell proliferation and migration. The scrape loading/dye transfer assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to verify the effect of TGF-β2 on GJIC between chondrocytes. qPCR was performed to analyse the expression of genes in the gap junction protein family in chondrocytes. The expression of the Cx43 protein and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) was evaluated by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to explore p-Smad3 signalling pathway activation and Cx43 distribution. From these experiments, we found that the Cx43 protein was the most highly expressed member of the gap junction protein family in chondrocytes. We also found that TGF-β2 facilitated cell-to-cell communication in chondrocytes by upregulating Cx43 expression in chondrocytes. Finally, we found that TGF-β2 activated Smad3 signalling and promoted the nuclear aggregation of p-Smad3. Inhibition experiments by SIS3 also confirmed that TGF-β2-mediated GJIC through p-Smad3 signalling. For the first time, this study confirmed that TGF-β2 could regulate the formation of Cx43-mediated GJIC in chondrocytes via the canonical p-Smad3 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daimo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyi Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Immunogenetics of Acne. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:137-154. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Kondratyev NV, Alfimova MV, Golov AK, Golimbet VE. Bench Research Informed by GWAS Results. Cells 2021; 10:3184. [PMID: 34831407 PMCID: PMC8623533 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientifically interesting as well as practically important phenotypes often belong to the realm of complex traits. To the extent that these traits are hereditary, they are usually 'highly polygenic'. The study of such traits presents a challenge for researchers, as the complex genetic architecture of such traits makes it nearly impossible to utilise many of the usual methods of reverse genetics, which often focus on specific genes. In recent years, thousands of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were undertaken to explore the relationships between complex traits and a large number of genetic factors, most of which are characterised by tiny effects. In this review, we aim to familiarise 'wet biologists' with approaches for the interpretation of GWAS results, to clarify some issues that may seem counterintuitive and to assess the possibility of using GWAS results in experiments on various complex traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arkadiy K. Golov
- Mental Health Research Center, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.A.); (A.K.G.); (V.E.G.)
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.A.); (A.K.G.); (V.E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is recognized as a versatile cytokine that plays a vital role in regulation of joint development, homeostasis, and diseases, but its role as a biological mechanism is understood far less than that of its counterpart, TGF-β1. Cartilage as a load-resisting structure in vertebrates however displays a fragile performance when any tissue disturbance occurs, due to its lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. Recent reports have indicated that TGF-β2 is involved in the physiological processes of chondrocytes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, and the pathological progress of cartilage such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TGF-β2 also shows its potent capacity in the repair of cartilage defects by recruiting autologous mesenchymal stem cells and promoting secretion of other growth factor clusters. In addition, some pioneering studies have already considered it as a potential target in the treatment of OA and RA. This article aims to summarize the current progress of TGF-β2 in cartilage development and diseases, which might provide new cues for remodelling of cartilage defect and intervention of cartilage diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun P, Vu R, Dragan M, Haensel D, Gutierrez G, Nguyen Q, Greenberg E, Chen Z, Wu J, Atwood S, Pearlman E, Shi Y, Han W, Kessenbrock K, Dai X. OVOL1 Regulates Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation and Epidermal Hyperplasia. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1542-1552. [PMID: 33333123 PMCID: PMC8532526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by aberrant inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Molecular mechanisms that regulate psoriasis-like skin inflammation remain to be fully understood. Here, we show that the expression of Ovol1 (encoding ovo-like 1 transcription factor) is upregulated in psoriatic skin, and its deletion results in aggravated psoriasis-like skin symptoms following stimulation with imiquimod. Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify molecular changes in the epidermal, fibroblast, and immune cells of Ovol1-deficient skin that reflect an altered course of epidermal differentiation and enhanced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we provide evidence for excessive full-length IL-1α signaling in the microenvironment of imiquimod-treated Ovol1-deficient skin that functionally contributes to immune cell infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. Collectively, our study uncovers a protective role for OVOL1 in curtailing psoriasis-like inflammation and the associated skin pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elyse Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Scott Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yuling Shi
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heng AHS, Say YH, Sio YY, Ng YT, Chew FT. Gene variants associated with acne vulgaris presentation and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:103. [PMID: 33849530 PMCID: PMC8045239 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors have been attributed to acne vulgaris predisposition and individual variations in the severity of skin symptoms, and genetics stood out as one of the major factors. METHODS We performed a systematic review on the genes and their variants that have been investigated for association with acne presentation and severity. A random-effect meta-analysis using the allele model (minor allele vs. major allele) was also conducted to provide an overall estimation of risk effects of frequently reported gene variants. This included a subset data of 982 acne cases and 846 controls extracted from our existing GWAS database on various allergic and skin diseases among Singapore Chinese. RESULTS Systematic review of 51 articles covering Asians and Caucasians found 60 genes/loci and their 100 variants implicated in acne; majority of them were in the intron, coding region/missense, and promoter regions. The commonly studied candidate genes/gene families include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the interleukin (IL) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene families. Our meta-analysis showed that most of the analyzed gene variants exhibited insignificant pooled odds ratio (pOR) and significant heterogeneity between studies. Nevertheless, we found that TNF rs1800629 A allele carriers and CYP17A1 rs743572 T allele carriers had significantly reduced mild acne risk [pOR: 0.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.33-0.86] and severe acne risk (pOR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40-0.79), respectively, across populations. Overall, FST (follistatin) rs629725 A allele poses a significantly modest increased risk for acne presentation (pOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23), but neither TIMP2 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2) rs8179090 nor CYP1A1 rs4646903 (pOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80-1.12; pOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.08), respectively. We discovered 15 novel SNPs in the 3' UTR region of the Toll-like Receptor 4 gene (TLR4) associated with acne presentation. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that genes influencing inflammatory responses, specifically TNF, and genes influencing the function and activity of sebaceous glands, specifically CYP17A1 and FST, have potential risk variants for acne presentation and severity across populations. Understanding the genetic susceptibility factors and biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acne will help us to gain insights into developing effective acne treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hwee Sing Heng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yee-How Say
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Penso L, Touvier M, Deschasaux M, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Hercberg S, Ezzedine K, Sbidian E. Association Between Adult Acne and Dietary Behaviors: Findings From the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort Study. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 156:854-862. [PMID: 32520303 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Acne is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease. The association between consumption of dairy products and fatty and sugary foods and occurrence and progression of acne remains unclear. Objective To assess the association between dietary behavior and current acne in adults. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study was performed as part of the NutriNet-Santé study, which is an ongoing observational, web-based cohort study that was launched in France in May 2009. The present study was conducted from November 14, 2018, to July 8, 2019. A total of 24 452 participants completed an online self-questionnaire to categorize their acne status: never acne, past acne, or current acne. Associations between dietary behavior (food intake, nutrient intake, and the dietary pattern derived from a principal component analysis) and current or past acne were studied in multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables (age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, educational level, daily energy intake, number of dietary records completed, and depressive symptoms). Results The 24 452 participants (mean [SD] age, 57 [14] years; 18 327 women [75%]) completed at least 3 dietary records. Of these, 11 324 individuals (46%) reported past or current acne. After adjustment, there was a significant association between current acne and the consumption of fatty and sugary products (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.16), sugary beverages (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.38), and milk (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25). An energy-dense dietary pattern (high consumption of fatty and sugary products) was associated with current acne (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, consumption of milk, sugary beverages, and fatty and sugary products appeared to be associated with current acne in adults. Further large-scale studies are warranted to investigate more closely the associations between diet and adult acne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Penso
- Paris 13 University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Conservatoire National Des Arts et Métiers, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre, University of Paris, F-93022 Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Paris 13 University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Conservatoire National Des Arts et Métiers, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre, University of Paris, F-93022 Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics, EA7379, Paris-Est University, Paris Est Créteil University, Département Infectieux/Immuno/Vaccin, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Paris 13 University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Conservatoire National Des Arts et Métiers, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre, University of Paris, F-93022 Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Paris 13 University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Conservatoire National Des Arts et Métiers, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre, University of Paris, F-93022 Bobigny, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics, EA7379, Paris-Est University, Paris Est Créteil University, Département Infectieux/Immuno/Vaccin, F-94000 Créteil, France.,Department of Dermatology, Mondor Hospital (Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris Est Créteil University, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Sbidian
- Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics, EA7379, Paris-Est University, Paris Est Créteil University, Département Infectieux/Immuno/Vaccin, F-94000 Créteil, France.,Department of Dermatology, Mondor Hospital (Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris Est Créteil University, F-94000 Créteil, France.,Clinical Investigation Center 1430, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-94000 Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Andreev D, Maev I, Umyarova R. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and acne. KLINICHESKAYA DERMATOLOGIYA I VENEROLOGIYA 2021; 20:33. [DOI: 10.17116/klinderma20212004133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
|
24
|
Contribution of GATA6 to homeostasis of the human upper pilosebaceous unit and acne pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5067. [PMID: 33082341 PMCID: PMC7575575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although acne is the most common human inflammatory skin disease, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that GATA6, which is expressed in the upper pilosebaceous unit of normal human skin, is down-regulated in acne. GATA6 controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation to prevent hyperkeratinisation of the infundibulum, which is the primary pathological event in acne. When overexpressed in immortalised human sebocytes, GATA6 triggers a junctional zone and sebaceous differentiation program whilst limiting lipid production and cell proliferation. It modulates the immunological repertoire of sebocytes, notably by upregulating PD-L1 and IL10. GATA6 expression contributes to the therapeutic effect of retinoic acid, the main treatment for acne. In a human sebaceous organoid model GATA6-mediated down-regulation of the infundibular differentiation program is mediated by induction of TGFβ signalling. We conclude that GATA6 is involved in regulation of the upper pilosebaceous unit and may be an actionable target in the treatment of acne.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pektas SD, Cinar N, Duman DD, Kara A, Batu J, Karakas-Celik S, Aksoy DY. The relationship among androgens, insulin resistance and ghrelin polymorphisms in post-adolescent male patients with severe acne vulgaris. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:800-809. [PMID: 33240024 PMCID: PMC7675091 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Data about the role of ghrelin and ghrelin polymorphisms in the development of acne vulgaris in post-adolescent male patients are limited. AIM To evaluate the role of serum androgens, insulin resistance, ghrelin and ghrelin polymorphisms in severe acne vulgaris. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five post-adolescent male patients with a mean age of 28.0 ±5.4 years and 33 age-and BMI-matched controls were enrolled. Serum androgens, lipids, insulin sensitivity parameters and ghrelin levels were determined. The PCR method was used for GHRL polymorphisms (rs27647, rs696217 and rs34911341 genotypes). RESULTS Patients had similar anthropometric measures to controls, except a significantly higher WHR in patients (0.92 ±0.06 vs. 0.86 ±0.08, p < 0.05). Also, FPG, HOMA-IR values, lipid profile and serum androgen levels were similar. Interestingly, patients had significantly lower ghrelin levels than controls (4.5 ±5.8 vs. 101.2 ±86.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The frequencies of rs696217 and rs34911341 genotypes were similar whereas the distribution of rs27647 alleles was significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). GA and GG genotypes of GHRL rs27647 polymorphism indicated an increased risk of developing acne vulgaris (OR = 11.156, 95% CI: 2.864-43.464, OR = 5.312, 95% CI: 1.269-22.244, respectively; p < 0.05). Patients with rs27647-AA polymorphism had significantly lower GAGS scores than other groups (AA genotype 6.7 ±14.1 vs. GA genotype 24.6 ±15.7 and GG genotype 19.4 ±17.9, p < 0.001). None of the polymorphisms had a significant effect on metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity and serum ghrelin levels. CONCLUSIONS Decreased ghrelin levels and GA and GG genotypes of GHRL gene rs27647 polymorphism may have a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Demir Pektas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nese Cinar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Kara
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Sevim Karakas-Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Steensel MAM. From genome-wide association to biological explanation. Br J Dermatol 2020; 181:1113-1114. [PMID: 31797373 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A M van Steensel
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yao P, Ni Y, Liu C. Long Non-Coding RNA 691 Regulated PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Osteosarcoma Through miRNA-9-5p. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4597-4606. [PMID: 32547090 PMCID: PMC7250307 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large amounts of researches indicate that non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in many malignancies. However, the potential mechanisms of non-coding RNAs involved in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis remain elusive. Materials and Methods The expression of long non-protein coding RNA 691 (lncRNA 691) in cell lines and paired osteosarcoma tissues was compared by qRT-PCR assay. Then, we explored the tumor suppressor function of lncRNA 691 with MTS and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry results showed lncRNA 691 can enhance cell apoptosis. Then, we predicted and verified the negative regulation relationship with miRNA and the miRNA’s target gene. Lastly, we revealed the tumorigenesis function of lncRNA-691/miRNA/target gene axis in osteosarcoma. Results In our study, we disclosed that lncRNA 691 had low expression levels in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of lncRNA 691 could suppress the cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in MG-63 cell line. Then, bioinformatics analyses were performed and miR-9-5p was found to negatively regulate the lncRNA 691 expression and promote the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis in vitro. PTEN was predicted as the target gene of miR-9-5p. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay demonstrated the regulatory network of lncRNA 691/miR-9-5p/PTEN. We revealed that PTEN was downregulated by the overexpression of miR-9-5p and upregulated by the overexpression of lncRNA 691. At last, the apoptosis-associated protein of the lncRNA 691/miR-9-5p/PTEN/PI3K/AKT was further demonstrated. Conclusion LncRNA 691/miR-9-5p could regulate the tumorigenesis by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Ni
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlu Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Akpinar Kara Y, Ozdemir D. Evaluation of food consumption in patients with acne vulgaris and its relationship with acne severity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:2109-2113. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Akpinar Kara
- Department of Dermatology Yüksek Ihtisas UniversityKoru Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Deniz Ozdemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Liv Hospital Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hazarika N. Acne vulgaris: new evidence in pathogenesis and future modalities of treatment. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:277-285. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1654075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neirita Hazarika
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang X, Wu W, Peng M, Shen Q, Feng J, Lai W, Zhu H, Tu C, Quan X, Chen Y, Qin L, Li D, He L, Zhang Y. Identity-by-Descent Analysis Reveals Susceptibility Loci for Severe Acne in Chinese Han Cohort. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2049-2051.e20. [PMID: 30922884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Minsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Quankuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaorong Quan
- Guilin Skin Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Lanying Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Common J, Barker J, Steensel M. What does acne genetics teach us about disease pathogenesis? Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:665-676. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E.A. Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
| | - J.N. Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London U.K
| | - M.A.M. Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Clinical Sciences Building Novena Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Petridis C, Navarini AA, Dand N, Saklatvala J, Baudry D, Duckworth M, Allen MH, Curtis CJ, Lee SH, Burden AD, Layton A, Bataille V, Pink AE, Carlavan I, Voegel JJ, Spector TD, Trembath RC, McGrath JA, Smith CH, Barker JN, Simpson MA. Genome-wide meta-analysis implicates mediators of hair follicle development and morphogenesis in risk for severe acne. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5075. [PMID: 30542056 PMCID: PMC6290788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin for which five genetic risk loci have so far been identified. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of 3823 cases and 16,144 controls followed by meta-analysis with summary statistics from a previous study, with a total sample size of 26,722. We identify 20 independent association signals at 15 risk loci, 12 of which have not been previously implicated in the disease. Likely causal variants disrupt the coding region of WNT10A and a P63 transcription factor binding site in SEMA4B. Risk alleles at the 1q25 locus are associated with increased expression of LAMC2, in which biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause the blistering skin disease epidermolysis bullosa. These findings indicate that variation affecting the structure and maintenance of the skin, in particular the pilosebaceous unit, is a critical aspect of the genetic predisposition to severe acne. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of the skin, the genetic basis of which is incompletely understood. Here, Petridis et al. perform GWAS and meta-analysis for acne in 26,722 individuals and identify 12 novel risk loci that implicate structure and maintenance of the skin in severe acne risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Petridis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Departement of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jake Saklatvala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David Baudry
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael Duckworth
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael H Allen
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charles J Curtis
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A David Burden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alison Layton
- Department of Dermatology, Harrogate and District Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew E Pink
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Isabelle Carlavan
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Johannes J Voegel
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lupsa N, Érsek B, Horváth A, Bencsik A, Lajkó E, Silló P, Oszvald Á, Wiener Z, Reményi P, Mikala G, Masszi T, Buzás EI, Pós Z. Skin-homing CD8 + T cells preferentially express GPI-anchored peptidase inhibitor 16, an inhibitor of cathepsin K. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1944-1957. [PMID: 30365157 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to identify novel CD8+ T cell homing markers by studying acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD), typically involving increased T cell homing to the skin and gut. FACS-sorted skin-homing (CD8β+ /CLA+ ), gut-homing (CD8β+ /integrinβ7+ ), and reference (CD8β+ /CLA- /integrinβ7- ) T cells were compared in patients affected by cutaneous and/or gastrointestinal aGVHD. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and flow cytometry revealed increased expression of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) in skin-homing CD8+ T cells. Robust association of PI16 with skin homing was confirmed in all types of aGvHD and in healthy controls, too. PI16 was not observed on CLA+ leukocytes other than T cells. Induction of PI16 expression on skin-homing T cells occurred independently of vitamin D3. Among skin-homing T cells, PI16 expression was most pronounced in memory-like CD45RO+ /CD127+ /CD25+ /CD69- /granzyme B- cells. PI16 was confined to the plasma membrane, was GPI-anchored, and was lost upon restimulation of memory CD8+ T cells. Loss of PI16 occurred by downregulation of PI16 transcription, and not by Phospholipase C (PLC)- or Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-mediated shedding, or by protein recycling. Inhibitor screening and pull-down experiments confirmed that PI16 inhibits cathepsin K, but may not bind to other skin proteases. These data link PI16 to skin-homing CD8+ T cells, and raise the possibility that PI16 may regulate cutaneous cathepsin K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lupsa
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University Immunoproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Érsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Office for Research Groups Attached to Universities and Other Institutions, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andor Horváth
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bencsik
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pálma Silló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Oszvald
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Reményi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Istvan and Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mikala
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Istvan and Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Istvan and Saint Laszlo Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.,3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University Immunoproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Degitz K, Ochsendorf F. Akne. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 15:709-722. [PMID: 28677193 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.30_13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Akne ist eine chronische Erkrankung mit hoher Prävalenz unter Jugendlichen. Pathogenetische Hauptfaktoren (und ihre klinischen Korrelate) sind gesteigerte Talgproduktion (Seborrhoe), follikuläre Hyperkeratose (Komedonen) und perifollikuläre Entzündungsvorgänge (Papulopusteln). Die Krankheit wird von endogenen (Androgene, IGF-1, neuroendokrine Faktoren) und exogenen (Propionibacterium acnes, Diät, mechanische Irritation, Inhaltsstoffe medizinischer oder kosmetischer Externa) Einflüssen moduliert. Akne geht mit zum Teil hoher Morbidität einher und kann bereits bei leichter Ausprägung eine erhebliche Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität bewirken. Zu Therapie stehen wirksame topische und systemische Behandlungsverfahren zur Verfügung. Eine optimale Behandlung erfordert eine stadiengerechtes Management und kontinuierliche ärztliche Begleitung der Patienten über den erforderlichen Behandlungszeitraum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Degitz
- Dermatologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Falk Ochsendorf
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum, Frankfurt am Main
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choi EJ, Lee HG, Bae IH, Kim W, Park J, Lee TR, Cho EG. Propionibacterium acnes-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Acne-Like Phenotypes in Human Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1371-1379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
Tsoi LC, Patrick MT, Elder JT. Research Techniques Made Simple: Using Genome-Wide Association Studies to Understand Complex Cutaneous Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:e23-e29. [PMID: 29477192 PMCID: PMC5903459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complex cutaneous disorders result from the combined effect of many different genes and environmental factors, with individual genetic variants often having only a modest effect on disease risk. The ability to examine large numbers of samples is required for correlating genetic variants with diseases/traits. Technological advances in high-throughput genotyping, along with mapping of the human genome and its associated inter-individual variation, have allowed genetic variants to be analyzed at high density in large case-control cohorts for many diseases, including several major skin diseases. These genome-wide association studies focus on showing differences in the frequencies of variants between case and control groups, rather than co-transmission of a variant and disease through a family, as is done in linkage studies. In this review, we provide overall guidance for genome-wide association study analysis and interpreting the results. Additionally, we discuss challenges and future directions for genome-wide association studies, focusing on translation of findings to provide biological and clinical implications for dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Matthew T Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a skin disease with a multifactorial and complex pathology. While several twin studies have estimated that acne has a heritability of up to 80%, the genomic elements responsible for the origin and pathology of acne are still undiscovered. Here we performed a twin-based structural equation model, using available data on acne severity for an Australian sample of 4,491 twins and their siblings aged from 10 to 24. This study extends by a factor of 3 an earlier analysis of the genetic factors of acne. Acne severity was rated by nurses on a 4-point scale (1 = absent to 4 = severe) on up to three body sites (face, back, chest) and on up to three occasions (age 12, 14, and 16). The phenotype that we analyzed was the most severe rating at any site or age. The polychoric correlation for monozygotic twins was higher (r MZ = 0.86, 95% CI [0.81, 0.90]) than for dizygotic twins (r DZ = 0.42, 95% CI [0.35, 0.47]). A model that includes additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects was the most parsimonious model to explain the genetic variance of acne severity, and the estimated heritability was 0.85 (95% CI [0.82, 0.87]). We then conducted a genome-wide analysis including an additional 271 siblings - for a total of 4,762 individuals. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) scan did not detect loci associated with the severity of acne at the threshold of 5E-08 but suggestive association was found for three SNPs: rs10515088 locus 5q13.1 (p = 3.9E-07), rs12738078 locus 1p35.5 (p = 6.7E-07), and rs117943429 locus 18q21.2 (p = 9.1E-07). The 5q13.1 locus is close to PIK3R1, a gene that has a potential regulatory effect on sebocyte differentiation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Phenome-wide association study using research participants' self-reported data provides insight into the Th17 and IL-17 pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186405. [PMID: 29091937 PMCID: PMC5665418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A phenome-wide association study of variants in genes in the Th17 and IL-17 pathway was performed using self-reported phenotypes and genetic data from 521,000 research participants of 23andMe. Results replicated known associations with similar effect sizes for autoimmune traits illustrating self-reported traits can be a surrogate for clinically assessed conditions. Novel associations controlling for a false discovery rate of 5% included the association of the variant encoding p.Ile684Ser in TYK2 with increased risk of tonsillectomy, strep throat occurrences and teen acne, the variant encoding p.Arg381Gln in IL23R with a decrease in dandruff frequency, the variant encoding p.Asp10Asn in TRAF3IP2 with risk of male-pattern balding, and the RORC regulatory variant (rs4845604) with protection from allergies. This approach enabled rapid assessment of association with a wide variety of traits and investigation of traits with limited reported associations to overlay meaningful phenotypic context on the range of conditions being considered for drugs targeting this pathway.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jdid R, Latreille J, Soppelsa F, Tschachler E, Morizot F. Validation of digital photographic reference scales for evaluating facial aging signs. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:196-202. [PMID: 29057502 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validated tools are essential to evaluate facial skin aging for both dermatological and cosmetic investigations. While many visual aging scales have been developed, few have been validated and none in terms of degree of distinguishability (DD). We developed and validated a series of visual scales using a novel digital interface for scoring facial skin aging in Caucasian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three dermatologists independently established scales for 12 distinct aging signs from high-definition facial photographs of 400 adult women (Fitzpatrick phototypes I-IV) taken under standardized conditions. They then selected a consensus scale for each individual sign with a representative photo per grade. Scales were integrated into a digital interface allowing simultaneous viewing of all grades of each scale alongside the photograph of a test subject. Next, scales were validated by a different dermatologist, a general practitioner and a non-medical expert skin evaluator using photos of 350 women which had not been used for establishing the scales. RESULTS Kappa estimates showed almost perfect agreement for wrinkle and skin aging scales (≥0.85) and moderate to substantial agreement for scales relating to color irregularities (telangiectasia, solar lentigines, freckles) for both inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. Intra-observer DD estimates were mostly high. Non-dermatologists performed well on reproducibility for both Kappa (from 0.6 to 0.9) and DD estimates. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates that the digital interface scales for 12 distinct aging features are highly suitable for use in clinical and epidemiological studies on skin aging by both dermatologists and non-dermatologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randa Jdid
- Department of Biology & Women's Beauty, Chanel, Pantin, France
| | - Julie Latreille
- Department of Biology & Women's Beauty, Chanel, Pantin, France
| | | | - Erwin Tschachler
- CE.R.I.E.S., Neuilly sur Seine, France.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lichtenberger R, Simpson MA, Smith C, Barker J, Navarini AA. Genetic architecture of acne vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1978-1990. [PMID: 28593717 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a ubiquitary skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit resulting from bacterial colonization of hair follicles by Propionibacterium acnes, androgen-induced increased sebum production, altered keratinization and inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding of the genetic architecture of this intriguing disease. We analysed genomewide association studies (GWAS) and candidate genes studies for acne vulgaris. Moreover, we included GWAS studies for the associated disease polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Overall, the available data revealed sixteen genetic loci flagged by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), none of which has been confirmed yet by independent studies. Moreover, a GWAS for PCOS identified 21 susceptible loci. The genetic architecture is complex which has been revealed by GWAS. Further and larger studies in different populations are required to confirm or disprove results from candidate gene studies as well to identify signals that may overlap between different populations. Finally, studies on rare genetic variants in acne and associated diseases like PCOS may deepen our understanding of its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lichtenberger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - C Smith
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - J Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - A A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mozzi A, Pontremoli C, Sironi M. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:286-307. [PMID: 28951201 PMCID: PMC7106304 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied to identify genetic factors that affect complex diseases or traits. Presently, the GWAS Catalog includes > 2800 human studies. Of these, only a minority have investigated the susceptibility to infectious diseases or the response to therapies for the treatment or prevention of infections. Despite their limited application in the field, GWASs have provided valuable insights by pinpointing associations to both innate and adaptive immune response loci, as well as novel unexpected risk factors for infection susceptibility. Herein, we discuss some issues and caveats of GWASs for infectious diseases, we review the most recent findings ensuing from these studies, and we provide a brief summary of selected GWASs for infections in non-human mammals. We conclude that, although the general trend in the field of complex traits is to shift from GWAS to next-generation sequencing, important knowledge on infectious disease-related traits can be still gained by GWASs, especially for those conditions that have never been investigated using this approach. We suggest that future studies will benefit from the leveraging of information from the host's and pathogen's genomes, as well as from the exploration of models that incorporate heterogeneity across populations and phenotypes. Interactions within HLA genes or among HLA variants and polymorphisms located outside the major histocompatibility complex may also play an important role in shaping the susceptibility and response to invading pathogens. Relatively few GWASs for infectious diseases were performed. Phenotype heterogeneity and case/control misclassification can affect GWAS power. Adaptive and innate immunity loci were identified in several infectious disease GWASs. Unexpected loci (e.g., lncRNAs) were also associated with infection susceptibility. GWASs should integrate host and pathogen diversity and use complex association models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M, Cardinali G, Flori E, Briganti S, Ludovici M, Zouboulis C, Lora V, Camera E, Picardo M. Pharmacological PPARγ modulation regulates sebogenesis and inflammation in SZ95 human sebocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
43
|
Degitz K, Ochsendorf F. Acne. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15:709-722. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Degitz
- Dermatology Practice, Munich; Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Germany
| | - Falk Ochsendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Goethe University; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Urban TJ, Nicoletti P, Chalasani N, Serrano J, Stolz A, Daly AK, Aithal GP, Dillon J, Navarro V, Odin J, Barnhart H, Ostrov D, Long N, Cirulli ET, Watkins PB, Fontana RJ. Minocycline hepatotoxicity: Clinical characterization and identification of HLA-B∗35:02 as a risk factor. J Hepatol 2017; 67:137-144. [PMID: 28323125 PMCID: PMC5634615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Minocycline hepatotoxicity can present with prominent autoimmune features in previously healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to identify genetic determinants of minocycline drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in a well-phenotyped cohort of patients. METHODS Caucasian patients with minocycline DILI underwent genome-wide genotyping and were compared to unexposed population controls. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding of minocycline was assessed using AutoDock Vina. RESULTS Among the 25 cases, 80% were female, median age was 19years and median latency from drug start to DILI onset was 318days. At presentation, 76% had acute hepatocellular liver injury, median ALT 1,077U/L (range: 63 to 2,333), median bilirubin 4.5mg/dl (range: 0.2 to 16.7), and 90% had a +ANA. During follow-up, 50% were treated with corticosteroids and no participants died or required a liver transplant. A significant association was noted between HLA-B∗35:02 and risk for minocycline DILI; a 16% carrier frequency in DILI cases compared to 0.6% in population controls (odds ratio: 29.6, 95% CI: 7.8-89.8, p=2.5×10-8). Verification of HLA-B∗35:02 imputation was confirmed by sequence-based HLA typing. HLA-B∗35:02 carriers had similar presenting features and outcomes compared to non-carriers. In silico modeling studies support the hypothesis that direct binding of minocycline to this novel HLA risk allele might be an important initiating event in minocycline DILI. CONCLUSION HLA-B∗35:02 is a rare HLA allele that was more frequently identified in the 25 minocycline DILI cases compared to population controls. If confirmed in other cohorts, this HLA allele may prove to be a useful diagnostic marker of minocycline DILI. LAY SUMMARY Development of liver injury following prolonged use of minocycline for acne is a rare but potentially severe form of drug-induced liver injury. Our study demonstrates that individuals who are HLA-B∗35:02 carriers are at increased risk of developing minocycline related liver injury. These results may help doctors more rapidly and confidently diagnose affected patients and possibly reduce the risk of liver injury in individuals receiving minocycline going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacob Urban
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paola Nicoletti
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - José Serrano
- National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Stolz
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann K Daly
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Dillon
- University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph Odin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Ostrov
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nanye Long
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul Brent Watkins
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mo XB, Wu LF, Zhu XW, Xia W, Wang L, He P, Bing PF, Lu X, Zhang YH, Deng FY, Lei SF. Identification and evaluation of lncRNA and mRNA integrative modules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Epigenomics 2017. [PMID: 28621149 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify sets of functionally related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs and to evaluate the importance of lncRNAs in an lncRNA-mRNA network. METHODS We carried out weighted gene co-expression network analysis and enrichment analyses to identify functional modules of co-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 43 females. RESULTS We identified seven modules and found hub lncRNAs in each module. Four of the seven modules had significant gene ontology enrichments. Some of the hub lncRNAs (e.g., SSX8, UCA1, HOXA-AS2, STARD4-AS1 and PCBP1-AS1) have known functions related with diseases such as cancers. CONCLUSION We identified seven biologically important lncRNA and mRNA integrative modules in females and showed that lncRNAs might play important roles in lncRNA-mRNA co-expression modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bo Mo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Pei He
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Bing
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anbunathan H, Bowcock AM. The Molecular Revolution in Cutaneous Biology: The Era of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Statistical, Big Data, and Computational Topics. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e113-e118. [PMID: 28411841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of biological systems involving all organs of the body including the skin is in era of big data. This requires heavy-duty computational tools, and novel statistical methods. Microarrays have allowed the interrogation of thousands of common genetic markers in thousands of individuals from the same population (termed genome wide association studies or GWAS) to reveal common variation associated with disease or phenotype. These markers are usually single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are relatively common in the population. In the case of dermatological diseases such as alopecia areata, vitiligo, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, common variants have been identified that are associated with disease, and these provide insights into biological pathways and reveal possible novel drug targets. Other skin phenotypes such as acne, color and skin cancers are also being investigated with GWAS. Analyses of such large GWAS datasets require a consideration of a number of statistical issues including the testing of multiple markers, population substructure, and ultimately a requirement for replication. There are also issues regarding the missing heritability of disease that cannot be entirely explained with current GWAS approaches. Next generation sequencing technologies such as exome and genome sequencing of similar patient cohorts will reveal additional variants contributing to disease susceptibility. However, the data generated with these approaches will be orders of magnitude greater than that those generated with arrays, with concomitant challenges in the identification of disease causing variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hima Anbunathan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Harris VR, Cooper AJ. Modern management of acne. Med J Aust 2017; 206:41-45. [DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Stemmler S, Hoffjan S. Trying to understand the genetics of atopic dermatitis. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:374-385. [PMID: 27725295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and complex skin disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene, encoding a structural protein with an important role in epidermal barrier function, constitutes a well recognised susceptibility locus for AD. Further, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including large meta-analyses, have discovered 38 additional susceptibility loci with genome-wide significance. However, the reported variations only explain a fraction of the overall heritability of AD. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of filaggrin and the epidermal differentiation complex as well as the results of GWAS, with an emphasis on novel findings and observations made in the past two years. Additionally, we present first results of exome sequencing for AD and discuss novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ribero S, Sanna M, Visconti A, Navarini A, Aviv A, Glass D, Spector TD, Smith C, Simpson M, Barker J, Mangino M, Falchi M, Bataille V. Acne and Telomere Length: A New Spectrum between Senescence and Apoptosis Pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:513-515. [PMID: 27693374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ribero
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Navarini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Smith
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Simpson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Barker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Somatic Mutations in NEK9 Cause Nevus Comedonicus. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1030-1037. [PMID: 27153399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) affects most adolescents, and of those affected, moderate to severe disease occurs in 20%. Comedones, follicular plugs consisting of desquamated keratinocytes and sebum, are central to its pathogenesis. Despite high heritability in first-degree relatives, AV genetic determinants remain incompletely understood. We therefore employed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in nevus comedonicus (NC), a rare disorder that features comedones and inflammatory acne cysts in localized, linear configurations. WES identified somatic NEK9 mutations, each affecting highly conserved residues within its kinase or RCC1 domains, in affected tissue of three out of three NC-affected subjects. All mutations are gain of function, resulting in increased phosphorylation at Thr210, a hallmark of NEK9 kinase activation. We found that comedo formation in NC is marked by loss of follicular differentiation markers, expansion of keratin-15-positive cells from localization within the bulge to the entire sub-bulge follicle and cyst, and ectopic expression of keratin 10, a marker of interfollicular differentiation not present in normal follicles. These findings suggest that NEK9 mutations in NC disrupt normal follicular differentiation and identify NEK9 as a potential regulator of follicular homeostasis.
Collapse
|