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Yeşilyurt ATM, Sanz-Paz M, Zhu F, Wu X, Sunil KS, Acuna GP, Huang JS. Unidirectional Meta-Emitters Based on the Kerker Condition Assembled by DNA Origami. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19189-19196. [PMID: 37721852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical quantum emitters near nanostructures have access to additional relaxation channels and thus exhibit structure-dependent emission properties, including quantum yield and emission directionality. A well-engineered quantum emitter-plasmonic nanostructure hybrid can be considered as an optical meta-emitter consisting of a transmitting nanoantenna driven by an optical-frequency generator. In this work, the DNA origami fabrication method is used to construct ultracompact unidirectional meta-emitters composed of a plasmonic trimer nanoantenna driven by a single dye molecule. The origami is designed to bring the dye to the gap to simultaneously excite the electric and magnetic dipole modes of the trimer nanoantenna. The interference of these modes fulfills the Kerker condition at the fluorophore's emission band, enabling unidirectional emission. We report unidirectional emission from a single molecule with a front-to-back ratio of up to 10.7 dB accompanied by a maximum emission enhancement of 23-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sanz-Paz
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
| | - Fangjia Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Karthika Suma Sunil
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Guillermo P Acuna
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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2
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Monti A, Raad SH, Atlasbaf Z, Toscano A, Bilotti F. Maximizing the forward scattering of dielectric nanoantennas through surface impedance coatings. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2386-2389. [PMID: 35561357 DOI: 10.1364/ol.456958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we discuss a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for designing passive nanoantennas with maximum forward and almost-zero backward scattering. The proposed approach is based on the use of high-index dielectric spheres supporting dipolar magnetic resonances, which are coated by ultra-thin surface impedance coatings. It is shown that, by properly engineering the radius of the coat and its surface reactance, it is possible to introduce an additional electric dipolar resonance and to make this overlap with the magnetic one sustained by the high-index dielectric sphere. A realistic design that is based on graphene and works in the low-THz range is also proposed and verified with full-wave simulations. Compared to earlier techniques based on the combination of multipoles or on the use of ellipsoidal particles, the proposed one is quite robust toward realistic ohmic losses and preserves the isotropic behavior of the nanoantenna.
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3
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Moshiri SMM, Nozhat N. Smart optical cross dipole nanoantenna with multibeam pattern. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5047. [PMID: 33658603 PMCID: PMC7930033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an optical smart multibeam cross dipole nano-antenna has been proposed by combining the absorption characteristic of graphene and applying different arrangements of directors. By introducing a cross dipole nano-antenna with two V-shaped coupled elements, the maximum directivity of 8.79 dBi has been obtained for unidirectional radiation pattern. Also, by applying various arrangements of circular sectors as director, different types of radiation pattern such as bi- and quad-directional have been attained with directivities of 8.63 and 8.42 dBi, respectively, at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The maximum absorption power of graphene can be tuned by choosing an appropriate chemical potential. Therefore, the radiation beam of the proposed multibeam cross dipole nano-antenna has been controlled dynamically by applying a monolayer graphene. By choosing a suitable chemical potential of graphene for each arm of the suggested cross dipole nano-antenna without the director, the unidirectional radiation pattern shifts ± 13° at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Also, for the multibeam nano-antenna with different arrangements of directors, the bi- and quad-directional radiation patterns have been smartly modified to uni- and bi-directional ones with the directivities of 10.1 and 9.54 dBi, respectively. It is because of the graphene performance as an absorptive or transparent element for different chemical potentials. This feature helps us to create a multipath wireless link with the capability to control the accessibility of each receiver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najmeh Nozhat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, 7155713876, Shiraz, Iran.
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4
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Sun S, Wang D, Feng Z, Tan W. Highly efficient unidirectional forward scattering induced by resonant interference in a metal-dielectric heterodimer. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22289-22297. [PMID: 33146190 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a metal-dielectric heterodimer structure can satisfy a nearly ideal first Kerker condition at a wavelength close to the resonance peak of the dimer, yielding efficient unidirectional forward scattering with a high forward-to-backward scattering ratio (≈48 dB) and remarkable enhancement of the forward scattering intensity (∼2.68 times compared to a single dielectric nanoparticle). Using a rigorous analytical dipole-dipole interaction model, the underlying mechanism is revealed, in which the originally weak electric dipole moment of the dimer is significantly enhanced owing to the strong resonant interference between the localized surface plasmon resonance of the metal and the Mie resonances of the dielectric material, which could up-match the magnetic dipole moment of the dimer at a wavelength close to the resonance peak, boosting the forward scattering efficiency. To achieve the optimal conditions, the sizes of the metal and dielectric constituents as well as the gap distance of the dimer have to be physically and delicately tuned to ensure a perfect match in both the amplitudes and phases of the electric and magnetic dipole moments of the dimer. On top of that, the loss of the heterodimer can be effectively suppressed to a level well below that of a pure metal nanoparticle, which further benefits the forward scattering efficiency. The flexibility in designing the dimer geometry and choosing metal-dielectric material combinations enables efficient unidirectional forward scattering in a broadband spectrum (UV to visible) with an intermediate gap distance (10-20 nm), greatly expanding the application scope. The proposed hybrid dimer could serve as a powerful and versatile building block in many emergent fields such as metasurfaces, nanoantennae, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sun
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, No. 596, Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu, China 610200.
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5
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Anderson EC, Patel AP, Preston JJ, Cola BA. Tunneling diodes based on polymer infiltrated vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:405202. [PMID: 32526715 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9bd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and characterization of metal-insulator-metal diodes incorporating vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays encased in polymer for applications in high frequency optoelectronics. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy infiltrating media are used in this study. VACNT forests are embedded with polymer to form a planarized surface over which an array of tunneling diodes is fabricated. Diodes comprising Al2O3 and HfO2 dielectric multilayers achieve highly nonlinear and asymmetric current-voltage characteristics. Results show that asymmetry in excess of 92 can be achieved with multi-insulator barrier tuning, though there is a strong correlation between asymmetry, resistance, and device longevity. With our best performing and most stable device structure (PDMS-VACNT/Al2O3-HfO2-Al2O3-HfO2/PEDOT:PSS), we provide a demonstration of optical-to-d.c. rectification at 638 nm, realizing a current responsivity of 0.65 µA W-1. Our approach to fabricating these VACNT diode arrays is facile and highly scalable. It is capable of being integrated with solution-processed materials and soft lithography techniques to create flexible devices for optical and infrared detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Anderson
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313, United States of America
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Advanced Progress of Optical Wireless Technologies for Power Industry: An Overview. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical wireless communications have attracted widespread attention in the traditional power industry because of the advantages of large spectrum resources, strong confidentiality, and freedom from traditional electromagnetic interference. This paper mainly summarizes the major classification and frontier development of power industry optical wireless technologies, including the indoor and outdoor channel characteristics of power industry optical wireless communication system, modulation scheme, the performance of hybrid power line, and indoor wireless optical communications system. Furthermore, this article compares domestic and foreign experiments, analyzes parameters for instance transmission rate, and reviews different application scenarios such as power wireless optical positioning and monitoring. In addition, in view of the shortcomings of traditional power technology, optical wireless power transfer technology is proposed and combined with unmanned aerial vehicles to achieve remote communication. At last, the main challenges and possible solutions faced by power industry wireless optical technologies are proposed.
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Khan SR, Pavuluri SK, Cummins G, Desmulliez MPY. Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3487. [PMID: 32575663 PMCID: PMC7349694 DOI: 10.3390/s20123487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have become increasingly suitable solutions for the electrical powering of advanced multifunctional micro-electronic devices such as those found in current biomedical implants. The design and implementation of high power transfer efficiency WPT systems are, however, challenging. The size of the WPT system, the separation distance between the outside environment and location of the implanted medical device inside the body, the operating frequency and tissue safety due to power dissipation are key parameters to consider in the design of WPT systems. This article provides a systematic review of the wide range of WPT systems that have been investigated over the last two decades to improve overall system performance. The various strategies implemented to transfer wireless power in implantable medical devices (IMDs) were reviewed, which includes capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, magnetic resonance coupling and, more recently, acoustic and optical powering methods. The strengths and limitations of all these techniques are benchmarked against each other and particular emphasis is placed on comparing the implanted receiver size, the WPT distance, power transfer efficiency and tissue safety presented by the resulting systems. Necessary improvements and trends of each WPT techniques are also indicated per specific IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeque Reza Khan
- Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (S.K.P.); (M.P.Y.D.)
| | - Sumanth Kumar Pavuluri
- Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (S.K.P.); (M.P.Y.D.)
| | - Gerard Cummins
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Marc P. Y. Desmulliez
- Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (S.K.P.); (M.P.Y.D.)
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8
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Barelli M, Mazzanti A, Giordano MC, Della Valle G, Buatier de Mongeot F. Color Routing via Cross-Polarized Detuned Plasmonic Nanoantennas in Large-Area Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4121-4128. [PMID: 32401524 PMCID: PMC7735747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional nanoantennas are of key relevance for advanced functionalities to be implemented at the nanoscale and, in particular, for color routing in an ultracompact flat-optics configuration. Here we demonstrate a novel approach avoiding complex collective geometries and/or restrictive morphological parameters based on cross-polarized detuned plasmonic nanoantennas in a uniaxial (quasi-1D) bimetallic configuration. The nanofabrication of such a flat-optics system is controlled over a large area (cm2) by a novel self-organized technique exploiting ion-induced nanoscale wrinkling instability on glass templates to engineer tilted bimetallic nanostrip dimers. These nanoantennas feature broadband color routing with superior light scattering directivity figures, which are well described by numerical simulations and turn out to be competitive with the response of lithographic nanoantennas. These results demonstrate that our large-area self-organized metasurfaces can be implemented in real-world applications of flat-optics color routing from telecom photonics to optical nanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barelli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Della Valle
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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9
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Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Wireless data traffic has experienced an unprecedented boost in past years, and according to data traffic forecasts, within a decade, it is expected to compete sufficiently with wired broadband infrastructure. Therefore, the use of even higher carrier frequency bands in the THz range, via adoption of new technologies to equip future THz band wireless communication systems at the nanoscale is required, in order to accommodate a variety of applications, that would satisfy the ever increasing user demands of higher data rates. Certain wireless applications such as 5G and beyond communications, network on chip system architectures, and nanosensor networks, will no longer satisfy speed and latency demands with existing technologies and system architectures. Apart from conventional CMOS technology, and the already tested, still promising though, photonic technology, other technologies and materials such as plasmonics with graphene respectively, may offer a viable infrastructure solution on existing THz technology challenges. This survey paper is a thorough investigation on the current and beyond state of the art plasmonic system implementation for THz communications, by providing in-depth reference material, highlighting the fundamental aspects of plasmonic technology roles in future THz band wireless communication and THz wireless applications, that will define future demands coping with users’ needs.
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10
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Parzefall M, Novotny L. Optical antennas driven by quantum tunneling: a key issues review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:112401. [PMID: 31491785 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Analogous to radio- and microwave antennas, optical nanoantennas are devices that receive and emit radiation at optical frequencies. Until recently, the realization of electrically driven optical antennas was an outstanding challenge in nanophotonics. In this review we discuss and analyze recent reports in which quantum tunneling-specifically inelastic electron tunneling-is harnessed as a means to convert electrical energy into photons, mediated by optical antennas. To aid this analysis we introduce the fundamentals of optical antennas and inelastic electron tunneling. Our discussion is focused on recent progress in the field and on future directions and opportunities.
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11
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Wiecha PR, Majorel C, Girard C, Cuche A, Paillard V, Muskens OL, Arbouet A. Design of plasmonic directional antennas via evolutionary optimization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:29069-29081. [PMID: 31684648 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.029069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate inverse design of plasmonic nanoantennas for directional light scattering. Our method is based on a combination of full-field electrodynamical simulations via the Green dyadic method and evolutionary optimization (EO). Without any initial bias, we find that the geometries reproducibly found by EO work on the same principles as radio-frequency antennas. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by designing various directional optical antennas for different scattering problems. EO-based nanoantenna design has tremendous potential for a multitude of applications like nano-scale information routing and processing or single-molecule spectroscopy. Furthermore, EO can help to derive general design rules and to identify inherent physical limitations for photonic nanoparticles and metasurfaces.
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12
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Busschaert S, Flöry N, Papadopoulos S, Parzefall M, Heeg S, Novotny L. Beam Steering with a Nonlinear Optical Phased Array Antenna. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6097-6103. [PMID: 31424948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) exhibit high second harmonic (SH) generation in the visible due to their noncentrosymmetric crystal structure in odd-layered form and direct bandgap transition when thinned down to a monolayer. In order to emit the SH radiation into a desired direction, one requires a means to control the phase of the in-plane nonlinear polarization. Here, we couple the SH response of a monolayer MoS2 to an optical phased array antenna and demonstrate controllable steering of the nonlinear emission. By exploiting the intrinsic SH generation by the phased array antenna we achieve uniform emission efficiency into a broad angular range. Our work has relevance for novel optoelectronic applications, such as programmable optical interconnects and on-chip LIDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaus Flöry
- Photonics Laboratory , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sebastian Heeg
- Photonics Laboratory , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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13
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Glier TE, Akinsinde L, Paufler M, Otto F, Hashemi M, Grote L, Daams L, Neuber G, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Biebl F, Rukser D, Lippmann M, Ohm W, Schwartzkopf M, Brett CJ, Matsuyama T, Roth SV, Rübhausen M. Functional Printing of Conductive Silver-Nanowire Photopolymer Composites. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6465. [PMID: 31015552 PMCID: PMC6478917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the fabrication and functional behaviour of conductive silver-nanowire-polymer composites for prospective use in printing applications. Silver-nanowires with an aspect ratio of up to 1000 were synthesized using the polyol route and embedded in a UV-curable and printable polymer matrix. Sheet resistances in the composites down to 13 Ω/sq at an optical transmission of about 90% were accomplished. The silver-nanowire composite morphology and network structure was investigated by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, profilometry, ellipsometry as well as surface sensitive X-ray scattering. By implementing different printing applications, we demonstrate that our silver nanowires can be used in different polymer composites. On the one hand, we used a tough composite for a 2D-printed film as top contact on a solar cell. On the other hand, a flexible composite was applied for a 3D-printed flexible capacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomke E Glier
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lewis Akinsinde
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malwin Paufler
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Otto
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Grote
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Daams
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Neuber
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Biebl
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Rukser
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Ohm
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Calvin J Brett
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 8, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toru Matsuyama
- Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Fiber and Polymertechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Unidirectional Enhanced Dipolar Emission with an Individual Dielectric Nanoantenna. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040629. [PMID: 31003409 PMCID: PMC6523482 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Light manipulation at the nanoscale is the vanguard of plasmonics. Controlling light radiation into a desired direction in parallel with high optical signal enhancement is still a challenge for designing ultracompact nanoantennas far below subwavelength dimensions. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the unidirectional emissions from a local nanoemitter coupled to a hybrid nanoantenna consisting of a plasmonic dipole antenna and an individual silicon nanorod. The emitter near-field was coupled to the dipolar antenna plasmon resonance to achieve a strong radiative decay rate modification, and the emitting plasmon pumped the multipoles within the silicon nanorod for efficient emission redirection. The hybrid antenna sustained a high forward directivity (i.e., a front-to-back ratio of 30 dB) with broadband operating wavelengths in the visible range (i.e., a spectral bandwidth of 240 nm). This facilitated a large library of plasmonic nanostructures to be incorporated, from single element dipole antennas to gap antennas. The proposed hybrid optical nanorouter with ultracompact structural dimensions of 0.08 λ2 was capable of spectrally sorting the emission from the local point source into distinct far-field directions, as well as possessing large emission gains introduced by the nanogap. The distinct features of antenna designs hold potential in the areas of novel nanoscale light sources, biosensing, and optical routing.
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15
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Gan F, Li H, Chen J. Tailoring the emission polarization with metasurface-based emitters designed on a plasmonic ridge waveguide. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7140-7148. [PMID: 30688956 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08960d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of low propagation losses and flexible communication paths, inter-chip optical communications based on plasmonic emitters and receivers can overcome the obstacle of the inherent ohmic loss in metallic nanostructures. To increase the communication capacity and integration density in inter-chip optical communications, we propose to tailor the polarization states of the free-radiation fields from the emitters in both the spectral domain and spatial domain by designing the phased and polarized arrangement of subwavelength metallic nanogroove antennas on a two-dimensional plasmonic ridge waveguide. Herein, the utilization of the two-dimensional plasmonic waveguide with tight field confinements considerably decreases the crosstalk to nearby plasmonic devices in plasmonic circuits and chips. In the spectral domain, three different polarization states of the free-radiation fields from the same emitter are experimentally realized at three specific wavelengths. In the spatial domain, the different polarization states as well as the gear polarization states are experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, the separation of the adjacent polarization-tailoring plasmonic emitters is only 5% of that in dielectric emitters because of the ultra-compact size (<0.6λ2) of metasurface-based plasmonic emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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16
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Jiang L, Yin T, Dubrovkin AM, Dong Z, Chen Y, Chen W, Yang JKW, Shen Z. In-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances for plasmonic switching and encoding. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:21. [PMID: 30728959 PMCID: PMC6363765 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid recently to coherent control of plasmon resonances in metadevices for potential applications in all-optical light-with-light signal modulation and image processing. Previous reports based on out-of-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances were established by modulating the position of a metadevice in standing waves. Here we show that destructive and constructive absorption can be realized in metallic nano-antennas through in-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances, which is determined by the distribution rule of electrical-field components of nano-antennas. We provide proof-of-principle demonstrations of plasmonic switching effects in a gold nanodisk monomer and dimer, and propose a plasmonic encoding strategy in a gold nanodisk chain. In-plane coherent control of plasmon resonances may open a new avenue toward promising applications in optical spectral enhancement, imaging, nanolasing, and optical communication in nanocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Jiang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Tingting Yin
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Alexander M. Dubrovkin
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634 Singapore
| | - Yuntian Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Weijin Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Joel K. W. Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634 Singapore
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372 Singapore
| | - Zexiang Shen
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
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17
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See KM, Lin FC, Chen TY, Huang YX, Huang CH, Yeşilyurt ATM, Huang JS. Photoluminescence-Driven Broadband Transmitting Directional Optical Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6002-6008. [PMID: 30142981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas mediate near and far optical fields. Operating a directional nanoantenna in transmitting mode is challenging because the antenna needs to be driven by a nanosized optical frequency generator, which must work at the antenna's resonance frequency and be precisely attached to the antenna's feed with correct polarization. Quantum emitters have been used as optical nanogenerators, but their precise positioning relative to the nanoantenna is technically challenging, setting up a barrier to the practical implementation. One unique source to drive nanoantenna is the photoluminescence from the material of the nanoantenna because the high operational frequency of the antenna reaches the regime for the electronic transitions in matter. Here, we exploit plasmon-modulated photoluminescence (PMPL) as an effective optical source to drive directional nanoantennas. We experimentally realize two technically challenging theoretical proposals, namely, an optical nanospectrometer based on Yagi-Uda nanoantennas and tunable broadband directional emission from log-periodic nanoantennas. Using photoluminescence from the nanoantenna as an optical source promotes practical implementation of transmitting optical nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kel-Meng See
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Fan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - You-Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - A T Mina Yeşilyurt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Albert-Einstein Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Albert-Einstein Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road , Nankang District , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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18
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Arslanagić S, Ziolkowski RW. Highly Subwavelength, Superdirective Cylindrical Nanoantenna. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:237401. [PMID: 29932717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.237401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A superdirective cylindrical nanoantenna is demonstrated with a multilayered cylindrical metamaterial-inspired structure. Targeting specific scattering coefficients for the dipole and higher-order modes, the ideal limit of needle radiation is demonstrated. A five-layer system is optimized to demonstrate its approach to the theoretical directivity bound. While the resulting structure is scalable to any frequency regime, its highly subwavelength overall size (λ_{0}/10) takes advantage of combinations of positive and negative permittivity materials in the optical regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard W Ziolkowski
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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19
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Defrance J, Schäferling M, Weiss T. Modeling of second-harmonic generation in periodic nanostructures by the Fourier modal method with matched coordinates. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13746-13758. [PMID: 29877423 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an advanced formulation of the Fourier modal method for analyzing the second-harmonic generation in multilayers of periodic arrays of nanostructures. In our method, we solve Maxwell's equations in a curvilinear coordinate system, in which the interfaces are defined by surfaces of constant coordinates. Thus, we can apply the correct Fourier factorization rules as well as adaptive spatial resolution to nanostructures with complex cross sections. We extend here the factorization rules to the second-harmonic susceptibility tensor expressed in the curvilinear coordinates. The combination of adaptive curvilinear coordinates and factorization rules allows for efficient calculation of the second-harmonic intensity, as demonstrated for one- and two-dimensional periodic nanostructures.
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20
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Optical wireless link between a nanoscale antenna and a transducing rectenna. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1992. [PMID: 29777104 PMCID: PMC5959908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiated as a cable-replacement solution, short-range wireless power transfer has rapidly become ubiquitous in the development of modern high-data throughput networking in centimeter to meter accessibility range. Wireless technology is now penetrating a higher level of system integration for chip-to-chip and on-chip radiofrequency interconnects. However, standard CMOS integrated millimeter-wave antennas have typical size commensurable with the operating wavelength, and are thus an unrealistic solution for downsizing transmitters and receivers to the micrometer and nanometer scale. Herein, we demonstrate a light-in and electrical signal-out, on-chip wireless near-infrared link between a 220 nm optical antenna and a sub-nanometer rectifying antenna converting the transmitted optical energy into direct electrical current. The co-integration of subwavelength optical functional devices with electronic transduction offers a disruptive solution to interface photons and electrons at the nanoscale for on-chip wireless optical interconnects. Integrating optical and electrical components for communication systems is challenging due to the differences of scale. The authors have developed an on-chip light-to-electrical wireless link between a nanoantenna and an optical rectifier, envisioned as a solution for future integrated wireless interconnects.
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21
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Zhuo X, Yip HK, Ruan Q, Zhang T, Zhu X, Wang J, Lin HQ, Xu JB, Yang Z. Broadside Nanoantennas Made of Single Silver Nanorods. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1720-1731. [PMID: 29406752 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Directional optical nanoantennas are often realized by nanostructured systems with ingenious or complex designs. Herein we report on the realization of directional scattering of visible light from a simple configuration made of single Ag nanorods supported on Si substrates, where the incident light can be routed toward the two flanks of each nanorod. Such an intriguing far-field scattering behavior, which has not been investigated so far, is proved to result from the near-field coupling between high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods and high-refractive-index Si substrates. A simple and intuitive model is proposed, where the complicated plasmon resonance is found to be equivalent to several vertically aligned electric dipoles oscillating in phase, to understand the far-field properties of the system. The interference among the electric dipoles results in wavefront reshaping and sidewise light routing in a similar manner to the broadside antenna described in the traditional antenna theory, allowing for the naming of these Si-supported Ag nanorods as "broadside nanoantennas". We have carried out comprehensive experiments to understand the physical origins behind and the affecting factors on the directional scattering behavior of such broadside nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hang Kuen Yip
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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22
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Pfeiffer M, Atkinson P, Rastelli A, Schmidt OG, Giessen H, Lippitz M, Lindfors K. Coupling a single solid-state quantum emitter to an array of resonant plasmonic antennas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3415. [PMID: 29467499 PMCID: PMC5821882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmon resonant arrays or meta-surfaces shape both the incoming optical field and the local density of states for emission processes. They provide large regions of enhanced emission from emitters and greater design flexibility than single nanoantennas. This makes them of great interest for engineering optical absorption and emission. Here we study the coupling of a single quantum emitter, a self-assembled semiconductor quantum dot, to a plasmonic meta-surface. We investigate the influence of the spectral properties of the nanoantennas and the position of the emitter in the unit cell of the structure. We observe a resonant enhancement due to emitter-array coupling in the far-field regime and find a clear difference from the interaction of an emitter with a single antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pfeiffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Str. 116, D-50939, Köln, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Fourth Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paola Atkinson
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris, France
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- Fourth Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Fourth Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Klas Lindfors
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Str. 116, D-50939, Köln, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Fourth Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany.
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23
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Liu D, Niu J, Zhu H, Zhang J. Ultra-high-frequency microwave response from flexible transparent Au electromagnetic metamaterial nanopatterned antenna. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:06LT01. [PMID: 29251264 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa25b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent materials are a hot spot in current research but also a key technical difficulty in industry. They are playing an increasingly important role in flexible transparent display applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, transparent electrodes, and so on. On the other hand, the present research on nanopatterned antennas is mainly concentrated on the optical frequency but rarely on the microwave (such as 3G, 4G, and 5G) and terahertz frequency band communications, where nanopatterned antennas can have many novel applications. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that presents a method for preparing a flexible transparent Au electromagnetic metamaterial nanopatterned antenna. We study its free-space performance at ultra-high frequency and its application in electronic products such as smartphones, tablets, personal computers, and wearable devices (such as smart watches) which have the function of mobile communication. The experimental results showed that the transparency of the antenna designed and fabricated in this work can be as high as 94%, and its efficiency can reach 74.5%-91.9% of antennas commonly seen at present in academia and industry. By adjusting the capacitive and inductive reactance of the nanopatterned antenna's matching circuit, combined with its measured efficiency and 3D electromagnetic simulation results, we speculate on the mechanism of the Au electromagnetic metamaterial nanopatterned antenna with good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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24
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Cohen M, Abulafia Y, Lev D, Lewis A, Shavit R, Zalevsky Z. Wireless Communication with Nanoplasmonic Data Carriers: Macroscale Propagation of Nanophotonic Plasmon Polaritons Probed by Near-Field Nanoimaging. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5181-5186. [PMID: 28467084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the energy flow of light at the nanoscale is fundamental to modern communication and big-data technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, since photons are diffraction-limited, efforts of confining them to dimensions of integrated electronics have so far proven elusive. A promising way to facilitate nanoscale manipulation of light is through plasmon polaritons-coupled excitations of photons and charge carriers. These tightly confined hybrid waves can facilitate compression of optical functionalities to the nanoscale but suffer from huge propagation losses that limit their use to mostly subwavelength scale applications. With only weak evidence of macroscale plasmon polaritons, propagation has recently been reported theoretically and indirectly, no experiments so far have directly resolved long-range propagating optical plasmons in real space. Here, we launch and detect nanoscale optical signals, for record distances in a wireless link based on novel plasmonic nanotransceivers. We use a combination of scanning probe microscopies to provide high resolution real space images of the optical near fields and investigate their long-range propagation principles. We design our nanotransceivers based on a high-performance nanoantenna, Plantenna, hybridized with channel plasmon waveguides with a cross-section of 20 nm × 20 nm, and observe propagation for distances up to 1000 times greater than the plasmon wavelength. We experimentally show that our approach hugely outperforms both waveguide and wireless nanophotonic links. This successful alliance between Plantenna and plasmon waveguides paves the way for new generations of optical interconnects and expedites long-range interaction between quantum emitters and photomolecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshik Cohen
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yossi Abulafia
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dmitry Lev
- Department of Applied Physics, Selim and Rachel Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Hebrew University , Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Aaron Lewis
- Department of Applied Physics, Selim and Rachel Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Hebrew University , Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Reuven Shavit
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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25
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García-Meca C, Lechago S, Brimont A, Griol A, Mas S, Sánchez L, Bellieres L, Losilla NS, Martí J. On-chip wireless silicon photonics: from reconfigurable interconnects to lab-on-chip devices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17053. [PMID: 30167296 PMCID: PMC6062325 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits are developing as key enabling components for high-performance computing and advanced network-on-chip, as well as other emerging technologies such as lab-on-chip sensors, with relevant applications in areas from medicine and biotechnology to aerospace. These demanding applications will require novel features, such as dynamically reconfigurable light pathways, obtained by properly harnessing on-chip optical radiation. In this paper, we introduce a broadband, high directivity (>150), low loss and reconfigurable silicon photonics nanoantenna that fully enables on-chip radiation control. We propose the use of these nanoantennas as versatile building blocks to develop wireless (unguided) silicon photonic devices, which considerably enhance the range of achievable integrated photonic functionalities. As examples of applications, we demonstrate 160 Gbit s-1 data transmission over mm-scale wireless interconnects, a compact low-crosstalk 12-port crossing and electrically reconfigurable pathways via optical beam steering. Moreover, the realization of a flow micro-cytometer for particle characterization demonstrates the smart system integration potential of our approach as lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Meca
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Lechago
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoine Brimont
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Mas
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laurent Bellieres
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria S Losilla
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Martí
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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26
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Peter M, Hildebrandt A, Schlickriede C, Gharib K, Zentgraf T, Förstner J, Linden S. Directional Emission from Dielectric Leaky-Wave Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4178-4183. [PMID: 28617604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An important source of innovation in nanophotonics is the idea to scale down known radio wave technologies to the optical regime. One thoroughly investigated example of this approach are metallic nanoantennas which employ plasmonic resonances to couple localized emitters to selected far-field modes. While metals can be treated as perfect conductors in the microwave regime, their response becomes Drude-like at optical frequencies. Thus, plasmonic nanoantennas are inherently lossy. Moreover, their resonant nature requires precise control of the antenna geometry. A promising way to circumvent these problems is the use of broadband nanoantennas made from low-loss dielectric materials. Here, we report on highly directional emission from hybrid dielectric leaky-wave nanoantennas made of Hafnium dioxide nanostructures deposited on a glass substrate. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots deposited in the nanoantenna feed gap serve as a local light source. The emission patterns of hybrid nanoantennas with different sizes are measured by Fourier imaging. We find for all antenna sizes a highly directional emission, underlining the broadband operation of our design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Peter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Kimia Gharib
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Linden
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn , 53113 Bonn, Germany
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27
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Yan C, Yang KY, Martin OJF. Fano-resonance-assisted metasurface for color routing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17017. [PMID: 30167273 PMCID: PMC6062224 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the phase of an electromagnetic field using plasmonic nanostructures provides a versatile way to manipulate light at the nanoscale. Broadband phase modulation has been demonstrated using inhomogeneous metasurfaces with different geometries; however, for many applications such as filtering, hyperspectral imaging and color holography, narrowband frequecy selectivity is a key functionality. In this work, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, a narrowband metasurface that relies on Fano resonances to control the propagation of light. By geometrically tuning the sub-radiant modes with respect to a fixed super-radiant resonance, we can create a phase modulation along the surface within a narrow spectral range. The resulting anomalous reflection measured for such a Fano-resonant metasurface exhibits a 100 nm bandwidth and a color routing efficiency of up to 81% at a central wavelength of λ=750 nm. The design flexibility provided by this Fano-assisted metasurface for color-selective light manipulation is further illustrated by demonstrating a highly directional color-routing effect between two channels, at λ=532 and 660 nm, without any crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Institute of Microengineering, Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuang-Yu Yang
- Institute of Microengineering, Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Institute of Microengineering, Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Koenderink AF. Single-Photon Nanoantennas. ACS PHOTONICS 2017; 4:710-722. [PMID: 29354664 PMCID: PMC5770162 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon nanoantennas are broadband strongly scattering nanostructures placed in the near field of a single quantum emitter, with the goal to enhance the coupling between the emitter and far-field radiation channels. Recently, great strides have been made in the use of nanoantennas to realize fluorescence brightness enhancements, and Purcell enhancements, of several orders of magnitude. This perspective reviews the key figures of merit by which single-photon nanoantenna performance is quantified and the recent advances in measuring these metrics unambiguously. Next, this perspective discusses what the state of the art is in terms of fluoresent brightness enhancements, Purcell factors, and directivity control on the level of single photons. Finally, I discuss future challenges for single-photon nanoantennas.
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29
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Hasan D, Ho C, Lee C. Realization of Fractal-Inspired Thermoresponsive Quasi-3D Plasmonic Metasurfaces with EOT-Like Transmission for Volumetric and Multispectral Detection in the Mid-IR Region. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:818-831. [PMID: 31457164 PMCID: PMC6640791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We use a paradigmatic mathematic model known as Sierpiński fractal to reverse-engineer artificial nanostructures that can potentially serve as plasmonic metasurfaces as well as nanogap electrodes. Herein, we particularly demonstrate the possibility of obtaining multispectral extraordinary optical transmission-like transmission peaks from fractal-inspired geometries, which can preserve distinct spatial characteristics. To achieve enhanced volumetric interaction and thermal responsiveness within the framework, we consider a bilayer, quasi-three-dimensional (3D) configuration that relies on the unique approach of combining complementary and noncomplementary surfaces, while avoiding the need for multilayer alignment on the nanoscale. We implement an improved version of the model to (1) increase the volume of quasi-3D nanochannels and enhance the lightening-rod effect of the metasurfaces, (2) harness cross-coupling as a mechanism for achieving better sensitivity, and (3) exploit optical magnetism for pushing the resonances to longer wavelengths on a miniaturized platform. We further demonstrate vertical coupling as an effective route for ultimate miniaturization of such quasi-3D nanostructures. We report a wavelength shift up to 1666 nm/refractive index unit and 2.5 nm/°C, implying the usefulness of the proposed devices for applications such as dielectrophoretic sensing and nanothermodynamic study of molecular reactions in the chemically active mid-IR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihan Hasan
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Center for Intelligent Sensors
and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
- NUS
Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chong
Pei Ho
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Center for Intelligent Sensors
and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
- NUS
Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Center for Intelligent Sensors
and MEMS, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
- NUS
Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Graduate
School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
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30
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Wireless communication system via nanoscale plasmonic antennas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31710. [PMID: 27555451 PMCID: PMC4995427 DOI: 10.1038/srep31710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Present on-chip optical communication technology uses near-infrared light, but visible wavelengths would allow system miniaturization and higher energy confinement. Towards this end, we report a nanoscale wireless communication system that operates at visible wavelengths via in-plane information transmission. Here, plasmonic antenna radiation mediates a three-step conversion process (surface plasmon → photon → surface plasmon) with in-plane efficiency (plasmon → plasmon) of 38% for antenna separation 4λ0 (with λ0 the free-space excitation wavelength). Information transmission is demonstrated at bandwidths in the Hz and MHz ranges. This work opens the possibility of optical conveyance of information using plasmonic antennas for on-chip communication technology.
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31
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Maguid E, Yulevich I, Veksler D, Kleiner V, Brongersma ML, Hasman E. Photonic spin-controlled multifunctional shared-aperture antenna array. Science 2016; 352:1202-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Thermoplasmonic Study of a Triple Band Optical Nanoantenna Strongly Coupled to Mid IR Molecular Mode. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22227. [PMID: 26916549 PMCID: PMC4768094 DOI: 10.1038/srep22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first thermal study of a triple band plasmonic nanoantenna strongly coupled to a molecular mode at mid IR wavelength (MW IR). The hybrid plasmonic structure supports three spatially and spectrally variant resonances of which two are magnetic and one is dipolar in nature. A hybridized mode is excited by coupling the structure’s plasmonic mode with the vibrational mode of PMMA at 5.79 μm. Qualitative agreement between the spectral changes in simulation and experiment clearly indicates that resistive heating is the dominant mechanisms behind the intensity changes of the dipolar and magnetic peaks. The study also unveils the thermal insensitivity of the coupled mode intensity as the temperature is increased. We propose a mechanism to reduce the relative intensity change of the coupled mode at elevated temperature by mode detuning and surface current engineering and demonstrate less than 9% intensity variation. Later, we perform a temperature cycling test and investigate into the degradation of the Au-PMMA composite device. The failure condition is identified to be primarily associated with the surface chemistry of the material interface rather than the deformation of the nanopatterns. The study reveals the robustness of the strongly coupled hybridized mode even under multiple cycling.
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33
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Broadband nanophotonic wireless links and networks using on-chip integrated plasmonic antennas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19490. [PMID: 26783033 PMCID: PMC4725999 DOI: 10.1038/srep19490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their high capacity and flexibility, broadband wireless communications have been widely employed in radio and microwave regimes, playing indispensable roles in our daily life. Their optical analogs, however, have not been demonstrated at the nanoscale. In this paper, by exploiting plasmonic nanoantennas, we demonstrate the complete design of broadband wireless links and networks in the realm of nanophotonics. With a 100-fold enhancement in power transfer superior to previous designs as well as an ultrawide bandwidth that covers the entire telecommunication wavelength range, such broadband nanolinks and networks are expected to pave the way for future optical integrated nanocircuits.
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34
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Wolf D, Schumacher T, Lippitz M. Shaping the nonlinear near field. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10361. [PMID: 26762487 PMCID: PMC4735599 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light scattering at plasmonic nanoparticles and their assemblies has led to a wealth of applications in metamaterials and nano-optics. Although shaping of fields around nanostructures is widely studied, the influence of the field inside the nanostructures is often overlooked. The linear field distribution inside the structure taken to the third power causes third-harmonic generation, a nonlinear optical response of matter. Here we demonstrate by a far field Fourier imaging method how this simple fact can be used to shape complex fields around a single particle alone. We employ this scheme to switch the third-harmonic emission from a single point source to two spatially separated but coherent sources, as in Young's double-slit assembly. We envision applications as diverse as coherently feeding antenna arrays and optical spectroscopy of spatially extended electronic states. While shaping of the electromagnetic fields around nanostructures is widely studied, the influence of the field inside the nanostructures is often overlooked. Here, Wolf et al. control the spatial distribution of third-harmonic emission in a plasmonic nanostructure, imaged by a far field Fourier method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wolf
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schumacher
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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35
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Verre R, Svedendahl M, Odebo Länk N, Yang ZJ, Zengin G, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M. Directional Light Extinction and Emission in a Metasurface of Tilted Plasmonic Nanopillars. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:98-104. [PMID: 26625299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic optical antennas and metamaterials with an ability to boost light-matter interactions for particular incidence or emission angles could find widespread use in solar harvesting, biophotonics, and in improving photon source performance at optical frequencies. However, directional plasmonic structures have generally large footprints or require complicated geometries and costly nanofabrication technologies. Here, we present a directional metasurface realized by breaking the out-of-plane symmetry of its individual elements: tilted subwavelength plasmonic gold nanopillars. Directionality is caused by the complex charge oscillation induced in each individual nanopillar, which essentially acts as a tilted dipole above a dielectric interface. The metasurface is homogeneous over a macroscopic area and it is fabricated by a combination of facile colloidal lithography and off-normal metal deposition. Fluorescence excitation and emission from dye molecules deposited on the metasurface is enhanced in specific directions determined by the tilt angle of the nanopillars. We envisage that these directional metasurfaces can be used as cost-effective substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies and a variety of nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Verre
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Svedendahl
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - N Odebo Länk
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Z J Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Zengin
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T J Antosiewicz
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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36
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Xiong XYZ, Jiang LJ, Sha WEI, Lo YH, Chew WC. Compact Nonlinear Yagi-Uda Nanoantennas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18872. [PMID: 26738692 PMCID: PMC4703990 DOI: 10.1038/srep18872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoantennas have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities for manipulating the intensity and direction of light emission over a broad frequency range. The directional beam steering offered by nanoantennas has important applications in areas including microscopy, spectroscopy, quantum computing, and on-chip optical communication. Although both the physical principles and experimental realizations of directional linear nanoantennas has become increasingly mature, angular control of nonlinear radiation using nanoantennas has not been explored yet. Here we propose a novel concept of nonlinear Yagi-Uda nanoantenna to direct second harmonic radiation from a metallic nanosphere. By carefully tuning the spacing and dimensions of two lossless dielectric elements, which function respectively as a compact director and reflector, the second harmonic radiation is deflected 90 degrees with reference to the incident light (pump) direction. This abnormal light-bending phenomenon is due to the constructive and destructive interference between the second harmonic radiation governed by a special selection rule and the induced electric dipolar and magnetic quadrupolar radiation from the two dielectric antenna elements. Simultaneous spectral and spatial isolation of scattered second harmonic waves from incident fundamental waves pave a new way towards nonlinear signal detection and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Y Z Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Li Jun Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Wei E I Sha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yat Hei Lo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Weng Cho Chew
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
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37
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Roth SV, Santoro G, Risch JFH, Yu S, Schwartzkopf M, Boese T, Döhrmann R, Zhang P, Besner B, Bremer P, Rukser D, Rübhausen MA, Terrill NJ, Staniec PA, Yao Y, Metwalli E, Müller-Buschbaum P. Patterned Diblock Co-Polymer Thin Films as Templates for Advanced Anisotropic Metal Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12470-7. [PMID: 25635697 DOI: 10.1021/am507727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate glancing-angle deposition of gold on a nanostructured diblock copolymer, namely polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film. Exploiting the selective wetting of gold on the polystyrene block, we are able to fabricate directional hierarchical structures. We prove the asymmetric growth of the gold nanoparticles and are able to extract the different growth laws by in situ scattering methods. The optical anisotropy of these hierarchical hybrid materials is further probed by angular resolved spectroscopic methods. This approach enables us to tailor functional hierarchical layers in nanodevices, such as nanoantennae arrays, organic photovoltaics, and sensor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan V Roth
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Santoro
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes F H Risch
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shun Yu
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Boese
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Döhrmann
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Besner
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bremer
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Rukser
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rübhausen
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nick J Terrill
- §Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Staniec
- §Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Yao
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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38
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Alaee R, Filter R, Lehr D, Lederer F, Rockstuhl C. A generalized Kerker condition for highly directive nanoantennas. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2645-8. [PMID: 26030579 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A nanoantenna with balanced electric and magnetic dipole moments, known as the first Kerker condition, exhibits a directive radiation pattern with zero backscattering. In principle, a nanoantenna can provide even better directionality if higher order moments are properly balanced. Here, we study a generalized Kerker condition in the example of a nanoring nanoantenna supporting electric dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Nanoring antennas are well suited since both multipole moments can be almost independently tuned to meet the generalized Kerker condition.
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39
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Sanchez JE, Mendoza-Santoyo F, Cantu-Valle J, Velazquez-Salazar J, José Yacaman M, González FJ, Diaz de Leon R, Ponce A. Electric radiation mapping of silver/zinc oxide nanoantennas by using electron holography. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2015; 117:034306. [PMID: 25641981 PMCID: PMC4297280 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the fabrication of self-assembled zinc oxide nanorods grown on pentagonal faces of silver nanowires by using microwaves irradiation. The nanostructures resemble a hierarchal nanoantenna and were used to study the far and near field electrical metal-semiconductor behavior from the electrical radiation pattern resulting from the phase map reconstruction obtained using off-axis electron holography. As a comparison, we use electric numerical approximations methods for a finite number of ZnO nanorods on the Ag nanowires and show that the electric radiation intensities maps match closely the experimental results obtained with electron holography. The time evolution of the radiation pattern as generated from the nanostructure was recorded under in-situ radio frequency signal stimulation, in which the generated electrical source amplitude and frequency were varied from 0 to 5 V and from 1 to 10 MHz, respectively. The phase maps obtained from electron holography show the change in the distribution of the electric radiation pattern for individual nanoantennas. The mapping of this electrical behavior is of the utmost importance to gain a complete understanding for the metal-semiconductor (Ag/ZnO) heterojunction that will help to show the mechanism through which these receiving/transmitting structures behave at nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - F Mendoza-Santoyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - J Cantu-Valle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - J Velazquez-Salazar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - M José Yacaman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - F J González
- Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí , San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - R Diaz de Leon
- Instituto Tecnológico de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosi 78437, Mexico
| | - A Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
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