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Wang J, Liu S, Guan X, Wang K, Shen S, Cong C, Chen CC, Xie F. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Formamidinium-Cesium Lead-Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells through Lewis Base Pretreatment of Buried Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35732-35739. [PMID: 38924757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mixed components of formamidinium(FA) and cesium (Cs)-based perovskite solar cells are the most hopeful for commercialization owing to their excellent operational and phase stabilities, especially for devices with inverted structure. The nonradiative recombination of carriers can be effectively suppressed through interface optimization, therefore, the performance of devices can be improved. Notably, the buried interface emerges as critical aspects such as charge transport, charge recombination kinetics, and morphology of perovskite films. This study focuses on a straightforward yet effective approach to overcome buried interface challenges between organic polymers (poly(-triarylamine) (PTAA) and FACs-based perovskite films. The PTAA substrate is pretreated with a Lewis base known as 2-butynoic acid (BA) with a C═O functional group. First, it can be an interfacial buffering layer, harmonizing stress mismatch between the perovskite and PTAA layers, consequently optimizing crystallization and improving perovskite film quality. Second, Pb2+ defect can be passivated at the buried interface of the perovskite film through binding with the C═O group of the BA molecule. This dual-function strategy leads to a substantial enhancement in both photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of devices. Finally, the PCE of the device-modified buried interface with BA reaches an impressive 23.33%. Furthermore, unencapsulated devices with BA treatment maintain approximately 94% of their initial efficiency after aging at maximum power point tracking for 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Energy System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Guan
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Energy System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kongxiang Wang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Energy System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuwen Shen
- State Key Laboratory ASIC&System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory ASIC&System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu City, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20024, China
| | - Fengxian Xie
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Energy System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Miao Y, Wang Z, Wei Z, Shen G. Patterned growth of AgBiS 2 nanostructures on arbitrary substrates for broadband and eco-friendly optoelectronic sensing. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7409-7418. [PMID: 38511281 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00499j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The patterning of functional nanomaterials shows a promising path in the advanced fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Current micropatterning strategies are indispensable for post-etching/liftoff processes that contaminate/damage functional materials. Herein, we developed an innovative, low-temperature, post-liftoff-free, seed-confined fabricating strategy that can tackle this issue, thus achieving designated patterns of flower-shaped AgBiS2 nanostructures at either micro- or macro-scale on arbitrary substrates that are either rigid or flexible. Made of patterned AgBiS2 nanostructures, the photoconductor shows broadband (320 nm-2200 nm), sensitive (Rpeak = 1.56 A W-1), and fast (less than 100 μs) photoresponses. Furthermore, single-pixel raster-scanning and 28 × 12 focal plane array imaging were performed to demonstrate reliable and resolved electrical responses to optical patterns, showcasing the potential of the photoconductor in practical imaging applications. Notably, the patterning process enables strain-releasing micro-structures, which lead to the fabrication of a flexible photodetector with high durability upon over 1000 bending/recovering testing cycles. This study provides a simple, low-temperature, and eco-friendly strategy to address the current challenges in non-aggressive micro-fabrication and arbitrary patterning of semiconductors, which are promising to meet the development of further emerging technologies in scalable and wearable optoelectronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Song X, Philpott MA, Best SM, Cameron RE. Controlling the Architecture of Freeze-Dried Collagen Scaffolds with Ultrasound-Induced Nucleation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:213. [PMID: 38257012 PMCID: PMC10820667 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a naturally occurring polymer that can be freeze-dried to create 3D porous scaffold architectures for potential application in tissue engineering. The process comprises the freezing of water in an aqueous slurry followed by sublimation of the ice via a pre-determined temperature-pressure regime and these parameters determine the arrangement, shape and size of the ice crystals. However, ice nucleation is a stochastic process, and this has significant and inherent limitations on the ability to control scaffold structures both within and between the fabrication batches. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to overcome the disadvantages of the stochastic process via the use of low-frequency ultrasound (40 kHz) to trigger nucleation, on-demand, in type I insoluble bovine collagen slurries. The application of ultrasound was found to define the nucleation temperature of collagen slurries, precisely tailoring the pore architecture and providing important new structural and mechanistic insights. The parameter space includes reduction in average pore size and narrowing of pore size distributions while maintaining the percolation diameter. A set of core principles are identified that highlight the huge potential of ultrasound to finely tune the scaffold architecture and revolutionise the reproducibility of the scaffold fabrication protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruth E. Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; (X.S.); (S.M.B.)
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4
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Hensley A, Videbæk TE, Seyforth H, Jacobs WM, Rogers WB. Macroscopic photonic single crystals via seeded growth of DNA-coated colloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4237. [PMID: 37454159 PMCID: PMC10349826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystals-a class of materials whose optical properties derive from their structure in addition to their composition-can be created by self-assembling particles whose sizes are comparable to the wavelengths of visible light. Proof-of-principle studies have shown that DNA can be used to guide the self-assembly of micrometer-sized colloidal particles into fully programmable crystal structures with photonic properties in the visible spectrum. However, the extremely temperature-sensitive kinetics of micrometer-sized DNA-functionalized particles has frustrated attempts to grow large, monodisperse crystals that are required for photonic metamaterial applications. Here we describe a robust two-step protocol for self-assembling single-domain crystals that contain millions of optical-scale DNA-functionalized particles: Monodisperse crystals are initially assembled in monodisperse droplets made by microfluidics, after which they are grown to macroscopic dimensions via seeded diffusion-limited growth. We demonstrate the generality of our approach by assembling different macroscopic single-domain photonic crystals with metamaterial properties, like structural coloration, that depend on the underlying crystal structure. By circumventing the fundamental kinetic traps intrinsic to crystallization of optical-scale DNA-coated colloids, we eliminate a key barrier to engineering photonic devices from DNA-programmed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hensley
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Thomas E Videbæk
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Hunter Seyforth
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - William M Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - W Benjamin Rogers
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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5
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Wang Y, Da J, Deng Y, Wang R, Liu X, Chang J. Competitive adsorption of heavy metals between Ca-P and Mg-P products from wastewater during struvite crystallization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117552. [PMID: 36848811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater usually contains high concentration of calcium (Ca), posing a competitive reaction with magnesium (Mg) on phosphorus (P) recovery during the struvite crystallization. The differences in the adsorption of heavy metals by Ca-P and Mg-P (struvite) generated are still unclear. Herein, we analyzed the residues of four kinds of common heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in Ca-P and Mg-P (struvite) under varying conditions (solution pH, N/P ratio, Mg/Ca ratio) in the swine wastewater and explored their possible competitive adsorption mechanisms. The experiments using synthetic wastewater and real wastewater have similar experimental patterns. However, under the same conditions, the metal (Pb) content of struvite recovered from the synthetic wastewater (16.58 mg/g) was higher than that of the real wastewater (11.02 mg/g), as predicted by the Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (BBD-RSM). The results demonstrated that Cu was the least abundant in the precipitates compared to Zn, Cd, and Pb of almost all experimental groups with an N/P ratio greater than or equal to 10. The fact might be mainly attributed to the its stronger binding capacity of Cu ion with NH3 and other ligands. Compared with struvite, the Ca-P product had a higher adsorption capacity for heavy metals and a lower P recovery rate. In addition, the higher solution pH and N/P ratio were favorable to obtain qualified struvite with lower heavy metal content. It can be applied to reduce the incorporation of heavy metals by modulating pH and N/P ratio through RSM, which is suitable for different Mg/Ca ratios. It is anticipated that the results obtained would offer support for the safe utility of struvite from wastewater containing Ca and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinrong Da
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuxuan Deng
- China Railway SiYuan Survey and Design Group Corporation Limited, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jianbo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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6
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Díaz Leines G, Rogal J. Template-Induced Precursor Formation in Heterogeneous Nucleation: Controlling Polymorph Selection and Nucleation Efficiency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:166001. [PMID: 35522521 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.166001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an atomistic study of heterogeneous nucleation in Ni employing transition path sampling, which reveals a template precursor-mediated mechanism of crystallization. Most notably, we find that the ability of tiny templates to modify the structural features of the liquid and promote the formation of precursor regions with enhanced bond-orientational order is key to determining their nucleation efficiency and the polymorphs that crystallize. Our results reveal an intrinsic link between structural liquid heterogeneity and the nucleating ability of templates, which significantly advances our understanding toward the control of nucleation efficiency and polymorph selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisell Díaz Leines
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jutta Rogal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Castilla-Amorós L, Chien TCC, Pankhurst JR, Buonsanti R. Modulating the Reactivity of Liquid Ga Nanoparticle Inks by Modifying Their Surface Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1993-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Castilla-Amorós
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-Chin Chang Chien
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - James R. Pankhurst
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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8
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Hensley A, Jacobs WM, Rogers WB. Self-assembly of photonic crystals by controlling the nucleation and growth of DNA-coated colloids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114050118. [PMID: 34949716 PMCID: PMC8740761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-coated colloids can self-assemble into an incredible diversity of crystal structures, but their applications have been limited by poor understanding and control over the crystallization dynamics. To address this challenge, we use microfluidics to quantify the kinetics of DNA-programmed self-assembly along the entire crystallization pathway, from thermally activated nucleation through reaction-limited and diffusion-limited phases of crystal growth. Our detailed measurements of the temperature and concentration dependence of the kinetics at all stages of crystallization provide a stringent test of classical theories of nucleation and growth. After accounting for the finite rolling and sliding rates of micrometer-sized DNA-coated colloids, we show that modified versions of these classical theories predict the absolute nucleation and growth rates with quantitative accuracy. We conclude by applying our model to design and demonstrate protocols for assembling large single crystals with pronounced structural coloration, an essential step in creating next-generation optical metamaterials from colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hensley
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453
| | - William M Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - W Benjamin Rogers
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453;
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9
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Alamcheril MP, Jain U, Babu SB. Can playing Spirograph lead to an ordered structure in self-propelled particles? SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9507-9513. [PMID: 34617553 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the local dynamics of microorganisms infecting a cell could help us develop efficient strategies to counter their aggregation. In the present study we have introduced a simple model of self-propelled particles (SPPs) with constant linear velocity, both in 2 and 3 dimensions, which captures the essential features of a microorganism's aggregation as well the dynamics around an attractive point (AP). The static behavior shows the presence of an icosahedral structure for a finite number of SPPs, and a hexagonal closed packed structure for an infinite number of SPPs, which was confirmed using Steinhardt bond order parameters for a 3-dimensional model. For a single SPP the dynamic behaviour involves the formation of orbits around the AP, which can be categorised into three dynamical regions based on the strength of coupling between the AP and SPP. For weak coupling we observe a rosette-like trajectory reminiscent of the pattern formed by the Spirograph toy. For intermediate coupling, circular trajectories were observed, and for very strong coupling the SPP was static and was always aligned with the AP. The radial distance from the AP to SPP was determined by the angular velocities of the SPP for the rosette-like region whereas for the circular and static regions, it was determined by the coupling constant. Even for a finite number of SPPs we observed the same behavior as long as the SPPs could rotate around the AP without colliding with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mephin Philip Alamcheril
- Out of Equilibrium Group, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Umang Jain
- Out of Equilibrium Group, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Sujin B Babu
- Out of Equilibrium Group, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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10
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Kryuchkov NP, Dmitryuk NA, Li W, Ovcharov PV, Han Y, Sapelkin AV, Yurchenko SO. Mean-field model of melting in superheated crystals based on a single experimentally measurable order parameter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17963. [PMID: 34504154 PMCID: PMC8429456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melting is one of the most studied phase transitions important for atomic, molecular, colloidal, and protein systems. However, there is currently no microscopic experimentally accessible criteria that can be used to reliably track a system evolution across the transition, while providing insights into melting nucleation and melting front evolution. To address this, we developed a theoretical mean-field framework with the normalised mean-square displacement between particles in neighbouring Voronoi cells serving as the local order parameter, measurable experimentally. We tested the framework in a number of colloidal and in silico particle-resolved experiments against systems with significantly different (Brownian and Newtonian) dynamic regimes and found that it provides excellent description of system evolution across melting point. This new approach suggests a broad scope for application in diverse areas of science from materials through to biology and beyond. Consequently, the results of this work provide a new guidance for nucleation theory of melting and are of broad interest in condensed matter, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P Kryuchkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, Russia, 105005
| | - Nikita A Dmitryuk
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, Russia, 105005
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pavel V Ovcharov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, Russia, 105005
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrei V Sapelkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, Russia, 105005
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, England
| | - Stanislav O Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, Russia, 105005.
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11
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Harrer J, Ciarella S, Rey M, Löwen H, Janssen LMC, Vogel N. Collapse-induced phase transitions in binary interfacial microgel monolayers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4504-4516. [PMID: 33949612 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00318f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microgels, consisting of a swollen polymer network, exhibit a more complex self-assembly behavior compared to incompressible colloidal particles, because of their ability to deform at a liquid interface or collapse upon compression. Here, we investigate the collective phase behavior of two-dimensional binary mixtures of microgels confined at the air/water interface. We use stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels with different crosslinking densities, and therefore different morphologies at the interface. We find that the minority microgel population introduces lattice defects in the ordered phase of the majority population, which, in contrast to bulk studies, do not heal out by partial deswelling to accommodate in the lattice. We subsequently investigate the interfacial phase behavior of these binary interfacial assemblies under compression. The binary system exhibits three distinct isostructural solid-solid phase transitions, during which the coronae between two small particles collapse first, followed by the collapse between small-large and large-large microgel pairs. A similar hierarchy of phase transitions is found for mixtures of microgels and core-shell particles. Simulations based on augmented potentials qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed phase transitions. We rationalize the presence of this hierarchy in phase transitions from differences in the interfacial morphology between the species: the larger coronae of softer (and therefore larger) microgels provide a higher resistance to phase transitions compared to the smaller coronae of the more crosslinked microgels and core-shell particles. The control of phase transitions via the molecular architecture further allows the formation of characteristic, flower-like defects by introducing particles with "weaker" coronae that are more prone to collapse with their neighboring particles. Our findings underline the dominating role of the corona for interfacial microgel assemblies, which acts as an energy barrier, shifting the collapse to higher surface pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Harrer
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Simone Ciarella
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Rey
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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12
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Liu J, Shen T, Zhang S. Effect of prenucleation clusters arising from liquid-liquid phase transition on nucleation in a one-component charged colloidal suspension. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:77-84. [PMID: 33450462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is generally thought that liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in a one-component suspension never or only very rarely happens. If this were true, it would contradict the two nonclassical nucleation models building on either liquid droplets or prenucleation clusters (PNCs). One way out of this paradox is to suppose that LLPT occurs in pathway to nucleation. This study specifies the physical parameters of charged colloids which can bring out LLPT according to the consistent prediction of the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) potential and the Sogami potential about long-range attraction, and reveals that surface charge is not the only factor to affect attraction, size also plays an essential role. For the first time, we follow exactly the evolution from LLPT to nucleation in which PNCs participate, and characterize pre-ordered liquid-like property of the PNCs and their particle-like and template effect by optical microscopy and light scattering. Furthermore, it is found that when the configuration of the PNCs is changed by a little salt, the pathway to nucleation is altered significantly. Our results demystify LLPT in a one-component suspension and dissolve the paradox, thus extending the range of applicability of the nonclassical nucleation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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13
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Olshin P, Bongiovanni G, Drabbels M, Lorenz UJ. Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Fast Nanoscale Dynamics with Bright Microsecond Electron Pulses. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:612-618. [PMID: 33301321 PMCID: PMC7809695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-resolution electron microscopy is a crucial tool to elucidate the structure of matter. Recently, fast electron cameras have added the time domain to high-resolution imaging, allowing static images to be acquired as movies from which sample drift can later be removed computationally and enabling real-time observations of atomic-scale dynamics on the millisecond time scale. Even higher time resolution can be achieved with short electron pulses, yet their potential for atomic-resolution imaging remains unexplored. Here, we generate high-brightness microsecond electron pulses from a Schottky emitter whose current we briefly drive to near its limit. We demonstrate that drift-corrected imaging with such pulses can achieve atomic resolution in the presence of much larger amounts of drift than with a continuous electron beam. Moreover, such pulses enable atomic-resolution observations on the microsecond time scale, which we employ to elucidate the crystallization pathways of individual metal nanoparticles as well as the high-temperature transformation of perovskite nanocrystals.
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14
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Abstract
We examine the effect of rough surfaces on crystal nucleation by means of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Our work makes use of three-dimensional kMC models, explicit representation of transport in solution and rough surfaces modeled as randomly varying height fluctuations (roughness) with exponentially decaying correlation length (topology). We use Forward-Flux Sampling to determine the nucleation rate for crystallization for surfaces of different roughness and topology and show that the effect on crystallization is a complex interplay between the two. For surfaces with low roughness, small clusters form on the surface but as clusters become larger they are increasingly likely to be found in the bulk solution while rougher surfaces eventually favor heterogeneous nucleation on the surface. In both cases, the rough surface raises the local supersaturation in the solution thus leading to another mechanism of enhanced nucleation rate.
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15
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Experimental observation of effect of the wall curvature of capillary tube on colloidal crystallization inside the tube. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Komarov KA, Yurchenko SO. Colloids in rotating electric and magnetic fields: designing tunable interactions with spatial field hodographs. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8155-8168. [PMID: 32797126 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Opening a way to designing tunable interactions between colloidal particles in rotating electric and magnetic fields provides rich opportunities both for fundamental studies of phase transitions and engineering of soft materials. Spatial hodographs, showing the distribution of the field magnitude and orientation, allow the adjustment of interactions and can be an extremely potent tool for prospective experiments, but remain unstudied systematically. Here, we calculate the tunable interactions between spherical particles in rhodonea, conical, cylindrical, and ellipsoidal field hodographs, as the most experimentally important cases. We discovered that spatial hodographs are reduced to each other, providing a plethora of interactions, e.g., repulsive, attractive, barrier-like, and double-scale repulsive ones. Complementing the "magic" conical angle, the "magic" compression and ellipticity of cylindrical and ellipsoidal hodographs are introduced. In the "magic" hodographs, the interactions become spatially isotropic and attain dispersion-force-like asymptotic (the same for pairwise and many-body energies), being attractive or repulsive, if the particle permittivity is larger or smaller than that of the solvent. With the diagrammatic method and numerical calculations, we obtained physically meaningful fits to the many-body tunable potentials for silica (iron oxide) particles in deionised water in the rotating electric (magnetic) fields. Our results provide essential guidance for future experiments and simulations of colloidal liquids, crystals, gels, and glasses, important for a broad range of problems in condensed matter, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Komarov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia. and Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Kaluzhskoe Shosse, 14, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Stanislav O Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Du Y, Jiang H, Hou Z. Rod-assisted heterogeneous nucleation in active suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6434-6441. [PMID: 32588016 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motility induced phase separation as well as the nucleation process in active particle systems has gained extensive research attention very recently. Most studies so far have considered homogeneous cases without the influence of foreign seeds or impurities; however, the heterogeneous nucleation process, widely studied in passive systems, has not been systematically investigated yet. Here we study the heterogeneous nucleation process and phase behaviors of a suspension of active Brownian particles by introducing a rod-like passive seed. We found that such a seed can exponentially accelerate the nucleation rate and thus readily induce phase separation of a dilute active system, while a homogeneous one with the same volume fraction still maintains a single phase. It is observed that the seed would automatically detach from the dense phase after the completion of phase separation instead of staying inside as an impurity. Interestingly, we found that the phase behavior is re-entrant with the activity: single-phase states exist at both high and low activities, with phase separated states in between. Our results demonstrate that heterogeneous nucleation in an active system can show novel behaviors with respect to its passive counterpart, and pave the way for more future studies in relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales and Department of Chemical Physics, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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18
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Pansare AV, Chhatre SY, Khairkar SR, Bell JG, Barbezat M, Chakrabarti S, Nagarkar AA. "Shape-Coding": Morphology-Based Information System for Polymers and Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27555-27561. [PMID: 32441499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composites have become the material of choice for aerospace structures because of their favorable strength-to-weight ratio. Given the increasing amounts of counterfeit composite parts showing up in the complex aerospace supply chain, it is absolutely vital to track a composite part throughout its lifecycle-from production to usage and to disposal. Existing barcoding methods are invasive, affect the structural properties of composites, and/or are vulnerable to tampering. We describe a universal method to store information in fiber-reinforced composites based on solid-state in situ reduction leading to embedded nanoparticles with controlled morphologies. This simple, cost-effective, mild, surfactant-free, and one-step protocol for the fabrication of embedded platinum nanostructures leads to morphology-based barcodes for polymeric composites. We also describe a coding methodology wherein a 1 × 1 cm code can represent 3.4 billion parts to 95 trillion parts, depending on the resolution required along with access to morphology-based chemical encryption systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol V Pansare
- Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Shraddha Y Chhatre
- National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shyam R Khairkar
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for MaterialsScience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jeffrey G Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michel Barbezat
- Mechanical Systems Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology-Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Subhananda Chakrabarti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amit A Nagarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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19
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Jung WD, Kim JS, Choi S, Kim S, Jeon M, Jung HG, Chung KY, Lee JH, Kim BK, Lee JH, Kim H. Superionic Halogen-Rich Li-Argyrodites Using In Situ Nanocrystal Nucleation and Rapid Crystal Growth. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2303-2309. [PMID: 32150419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although several crystalline materials have been developed as Li-ion conductors for use as solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), producing materials with high Li-ion conductivities is time-consuming and cost-intensive. Herein, we introduce a superionic halogen-rich Li-argyrodite (HRLA) and demonstrate its innovative synthesis using ultimate-energy mechanical alloying (UMA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). UMA with a 49 G-force milling energy provides a one-pot process that includes mixing, glassification, and crystallization, to produce as-milled HRLA powder that is ∼70% crystallized; subsequent RTA using an infrared lamp increases this crystallinity to ∼82% within 25 min. Surprisingly, this HRLA exhibits the highest Li-ion conductivity among Li-argyrodites (10.2 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, cold-pressed powder compact) reported so far. Furthermore, we confirm that this superionic HRLA works well as a promising solid electrolyte without a decreased intrinsic electrochemical window in various electrode configurations and delivers impressive cell performance (114.2 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wo Dum Jung
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Choi
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Kim
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Jeon
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Gi Jung
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yoon Chung
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Kim
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungchul Kim
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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20
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Baumer KM, Koone JC, Shaw BF. Kinetic Variability in Seeded Formation of ALS-Linked SOD1 Fibrils Across Multiple Generations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:304-313. [PMID: 31895541 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unseeded aggregation of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) into amyloid-like fibrils occurs stochastically in vitro and in vivo, that is, isolated populations of SOD1 proteins (within microplate wells or living cells) self-assemble into amyloid at rates that span a probability distribution. This stochasticity has been attributed to variable degrees of monomer depletion by competing pathways of amorphous and fibrillar aggregation (inter alia). Here, microplate-based thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence assays were performed at high iteration (∼300) to establish whether this observed stochasticity persists when progenitor ("parent") SOD1 fibrils are used to seed the formation of multiple generations of progeny fibrils (daughter, granddaughter, and great-granddaughter fibrils). Populations of progenitor fibrils formed stochastically at different rates and fluorescence intensity, however, progeny fibrils formed at more similar rates regardless of the formation rate of the progenitor fibril. For example, populations of progenitor fibrils that formed with a lag time of ∼30 h or ∼15 h both produced progeny fibrils with lag times of ∼8 h. Likewise, populations of progenitor fibrils with high or low maximum fluorescence (e.g., ∼450 or ∼75 A.U.) both produced progeny fibrils with more similar maximum fluorescence (∼125 A.U.). The rate of propagation was found to be more dependent on monomer concentration than seed concentration. These results can be rationalized by classical rate laws for primary nucleation and monomer-dependent secondary nucleation. We also find that the seeding propensity of some "families" of in vitro grown fibrils exhibit a finite lifetime (similar to that observed in the seeding of small molecule crystals and colloids). The single biological takeaway of this study is that the concentration of native SOD1 in a cell can have a stronger effect on rates of seeded aggregation than the concentration of prion-like seed that infected the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Baumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76706 , United States
| | - Jordan C Koone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76706 , United States
| | - Bryan F Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76706 , United States
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21
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Komarov KA, Yarkov AV, Yurchenko SO. Diagrammatic method for tunable interactions in colloidal suspensions in rotating electric or magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Komarov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Kaluzhskoe Shosse 14, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Yarkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Haeberle J, Sperl M, Born P. Distinguishing noisy crystalline structures using bond orientational order parameters. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:149. [PMID: 31773424 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bond orientational order parameters originally introduced by Steinhardt et al. (Phys. Rev. B 28, 784 (1983)) are a common tool for local structure characterization in soft matter studies. Recently, Mickel et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 138, 044501 (2013)) highlighted problems of the bond orientational order parameters due to the ambiguity of the underlying neighbourhood definition. Here we show the difficulties to distinguish common structures like FCC- and BCC-based structures with the suggested neighbourhood definitions when noise is introduced. We propose a simple improvement to the neighbourhood definition that results in robust and continuous bond orientational order parameters with which we can accurately distinguish crystal structures even when noise is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haeberle
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, 51170, Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, 51170, Köln, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Philip Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, 51170, Köln, Germany.
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23
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Yakovlev EV, Chaudhuri M, Kryuchkov NP, Ovcharov PV, Sapelkin AV, Yurchenko SO. Experimental validation of interpolation method for pair correlations in model crystals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114502. [PMID: 31542035 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate analysis of pair correlations in condensed matter allows us to establish relations between structures and thermodynamic properties and, thus, is of high importance for a wide range of systems, from solids to colloidal suspensions. Recently, the interpolation method (IM) that describes satisfactorily the shape of pair correlation peaks at short and at long distances has been elaborated theoretically and using molecular dynamics simulations, but it has not been verified experimentally as yet. Here, we test the IM by particle-resolved studies with colloidal suspensions and with complex (dusty) plasmas and demonstrate that, owing to its high accuracy, the IM can be used to experimentally measure parameters that describe interaction between particles in these systems. We used three- and two-dimensional colloidal crystals and monolayer complex (dusty) plasma crystals to explore suitability of the IM in systems with soft to hard-sphere-like repulsion between particles. In addition to the systems with pairwise interactions, if many-body interactions can be mapped to the pairwise ones with some effective (e.g., density-dependent) parameters, the IM could be used to obtain these parameters. The results reliably show that the IM can be effectively used for analysis of pair correlations and interactions in a wide variety of systems and therefore is of broad interest in condensed matter, complex plasma, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor V Yakovlev
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Manis Chaudhuri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nikita P Kryuchkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V Ovcharov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Sapelkin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav O Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Barlow DA, Gregus J. The kinetics of homogeneous and two‐step nucleation during protein crystal growth from solution. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Gregus
- Department of Science and MathematicsAbraham Baldwin Agricultural CollegeTifton Georgia
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25
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Wu Y, An X, Qian Q, Wang L, Yu A. Dynamic modelling on the confined crystallization of mono-sized cubic particles under mechanical vibration. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:139. [PMID: 30470964 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic crystallization of cubic granular particles under three-dimensional mechanical vibration is numerically investigated by the discrete element method. The effects of operational conditions (vibration, container shape and system size) and particle properties (gravity and friction) on the formation of crystals and defects are discussed. The results show that the formation and growth of clusters with face-to-face aligned cubic particles can be easily realized under vibrations. Especially, a single crystal with both translational and orientational ordering can be reproduced in a rectangular container under appropriate vibrations. It is also found that the gravitational effect is beneficial for the ordering of a packing; the ordering of frictional particles can be improved significantly with an enlarged gravitational acceleration. The flat walls of a rectangular container facilitate the formation of orderly layered structures. The curved walls of a cylindrical container contribute to the formation of ring-like structures, whereas they also cause distortions and defects in the packing centers. Finally, it is shown that the crystallization of inelastic particles is basically accomplished by the pursuit of a better mechanical stability of the system, with decreasing kinetic and potential energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wu
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xizhong An
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
| | - Quan Qian
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Aibing Yu
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Prabhu A, Gimel JC, Ayuela A, Arrese-Igor S, Gaitero JJ, Dolado JS. A multi-scale approach for percolation transition and its application to cement setting. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15830. [PMID: 30361491 PMCID: PMC6202394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortly after mixing cement grains with water, a cementitious fluid paste is formed that immediately transforms into a solid form by a phenomenon known as setting. Setting actually corresponds to the percolation of emergent network structures consisting of dissolving cement grains glued together by nanoscale hydration products, mainly calcium-silicate-hydrates. As happens in many percolation phenomena problems, the theoretical identification of the percolation threshold (i.e. the cement setting) is still challenging, since the length scale where percolation becomes apparent (typically the length of the cement grains, microns) is many times larger than the nanoscale hydrates forming the growing spanning network. Up to now, the long-lasting gap of knowledge on the establishment of a seamless handshake between both scales has been an unsurmountable obstacle for the development of a predictive theory of setting. Herein we present a true multi-scale model which concurrently provides information at the scale of cement grains (microns) and at the scale of the nano-hydrates that emerge during cement hydration. A key feature of the model is the recognition of cement setting as an off-lattice bond percolation process between cement grains. Inasmuch as this is so, the macroscopic probability of forming bonds between cement grains can be statistically analysed in smaller local observation windows containing fewer cement grains, where the nucleation and growth of the nano-hydrates can be explicitly described using a kinetic Monte Carlo Nucleation and Growth model. The most striking result of the model is the finding that only a few links (~12%) between cement grains are needed to reach setting. This directly unveils the importance of explicitly including nano-texture on the description of setting and explains why so low amount of nano-hydrates is needed for forming a spanning network. From the simulations, it becomes evident that this low amount is least affected by processing variables like the water-to-cement ratio and the presence of large quantities of nonreactive fillers. These counter-intuitive predictions were verified by ex-professo experiments that we have carried out to check the validity of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achutha Prabhu
- División de Construcción Sostenible, TECNALIA, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Jean-Christophe Gimel
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Andrés Ayuela
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Silvia Arrese-Igor
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan J Gaitero
- División de Construcción Sostenible, TECNALIA, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160, Derio, Spain.,MATCON, Associated Unit CSIC-TECNALIA, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge S Dolado
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands.
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27
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Chai L, Li Q, Wang Q, Yan X. Solid-liquid separation: an emerging issue in heavy metal wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17250-17267. [PMID: 29766423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid separation (SLS) plays a dominant role in various chemical industries. Nowadays, low efficiency of SLS also become a significant problem in heavy metal (HM) wastewater treatment, affecting the effluent quality (HM concentration and turbidity) and overall process economy. In this context, we summarize here the occurrence of solids in HM wastewater, as well as typical SLS operations used in HM wastewater treatment, including sedimentation, flotation, and centrifugation. More important, this article reviews the improvement of the SLS operations by some technologies, including coagulation, flocculation, ballasted method, seeding method, granular sludge strategy, and external field enhancement. It is noted that abiological granular sludge strategy and magnetic field enhancement often possess higher SLS efficiency (faster settling velocity or shorter separation time) than other methods. Hence, the two strategies stand out as promising tools for improving SLS in HM wastewater treatment, but further research is required regarding scalability, economy, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Qingzhu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, Changsha, China.
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28
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Li H, Li M, Yang Q, Sun X, Guan B, Song Y. A Self-Growing Strategy for Large-Scale Crystal Assembly Tubes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:761-764. [PMID: 29345104 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Assembled tubular materials have attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in catalysis, bionics, and optic-electronics. Many versatile methods, including template assistance and self-assembly, have been developed for fabrication of tubular materials. Here we demonstrate a self-growing strategy to prepare large-scale crystal assembly tubes. Addition of the template and the need for the sophisticated equipment are avoided with this method. The sidewall of the tubes is composed of a layer of polyhedral crystals that are connected together through grain coalescence. We demonstrate that the assembled tubular structure is obtained by the synergetic effect of the passivation layer and the dissolution-recrystallization process. This facile one-step strategy and the formation mechanism will offer guidance for fabrication of new superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizeng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bo Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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29
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van der Meer B, Lathouwers E, Smallenburg F, Filion L. Diffusion and interactions of interstitials in hard-sphere interstitial solid solutions. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:234903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5003905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berend van der Meer
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Lathouwers
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Smallenburg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Filion
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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McDonald C, Ni C, Švrček V, Lozac'h M, Connor PA, Maguire P, Irvine JTS, Mariotti D. Zero-dimensional methylammonium iodo bismuthate solar cells and synergistic interactions with silicon nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18759-18771. [PMID: 29168534 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05764d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells have attracted monumental attention in recent years. Today's best devices, based on a three-dimensional perovskite structure of corner-sharing PbI6 octahedra, are unstable, toxic, and display hysteresis in current-voltage measurements. We present zero-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells based on methylammonium iodo bismuthate (CH3NH3)3(Bi2I9) (MABI) comprising a Bi2I9 bioctahedra and observe very low hysteresis for scan rates in the broad range of 150 mV s-1 to 1500 mV s-1 without any interfacial layer engineering. We confirm good stability for devices produced and stored in open air without humidity control. The MABI structure can also accommodate silicon nanocrystals, leading to an enhancement in the short-circuit current. Through the material MABI, we demonstrate a promising alternative to the organometal trihalide perovskite class and present a model material for future composite third-generation photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McDonald
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - Chengsheng Ni
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Vladimir Švrček
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Mickaël Lozac'h
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Paul A Connor
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Paul Maguire
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, UK.
| | | | - Davide Mariotti
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, UK.
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31
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Liu J, Shen T, Yang ZH, Zhang S, Sun GY. Multistep Heterogeneous Nucleation in Binary Mixtures of Charged Colloidal Spheres. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4652-4658. [PMID: 28893063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleation plays a decisive role in determining the crystal structure and size distribution; however, understanding of the fundamentals of nucleation is quite limited. In particular, it is unclear whether a nucleus forms spontaneously from solution via a single- or multiple-step process. Here we show how a binary mixture of charged colloidal spheres nucleates heterogeneously on a flat substrate by means of Bragg microscopy, laser diffraction, and laser microscopy. In contrast with the conventional one-step and two-step nucleation mechanisms, a novel pathway of multistep heterogeneous nucleation under certain experimental conditions is highlighted by four steps: initial homogeneous fluid → prenucleation clusters → preordered prenucleation clusters → intermediate ordered phase → final crystal. It is expected that the obtained results would be helpful in rationalizing the rich phase behavior exhibited by the binary mixture systems and in developing better and broadly applicable nucleation models as well as in designing defect-free single-crystal alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tong Shen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhao Hua Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Guang Yu Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
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32
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Chaudhuri M, Allahyarov E, Löwen H, Egelhaaf SU, Weitz DA. Triple Junction at the Triple Point Resolved on the Individual Particle Level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:128001. [PMID: 29341657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At the triple point of a repulsive screened Coulomb system, a fcc crystal, a bcc crystal, and a fluid phase coexist. At their intersection, these three phases form a liquid groove, the triple junction. Using confocal microscopy, we resolve the triple junction on a single-particle level in a model system of charged PMMA colloids in a nonpolar solvent. The groove is found to be extremely deep and the incommensurate solid-solid interface to be very broad. Thermal fluctuations hence appear to dominate the solid-solid interface. This indicates a very low interfacial energy. The fcc-bcc interfacial energy is quantitatively determined based on Young's equation and, indeed, it is only about 1.3 times higher than the fcc-fluid interfacial energy close to the triple point.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chaudhuri
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Allahyarov
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Theoretical Department, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVTAN), Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - H Löwen
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S U Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D A Weitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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33
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Schmiedeberg M, Achim CV, Hielscher J, Kapfer SC, Löwen H. Dislocation-free growth of quasicrystals from two seeds due to additional phasonic degrees of freedom. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:012602. [PMID: 29347123 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.012602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We explore the growth of two-dimensional quasicrystals, i.e., aperiodic structures that possess long-range order, from two seeds at various distances and with different orientations by using dynamical phase-field crystal calculations. We compare the results to the growth of periodic crystals from two seeds. There, a domain border consisting of dislocations is observed in case of large distances between the seed and large angles between their orientation. Furthermore, a domain border is found if the seeds are placed at a distance that does not fit to the periodic lattice. In the case of the growth of quasicrystals, we only observe domain borders for large distances and different orientations. Note that all distances do inherently not match to a perfect domain wall-free quasicrystalline structure. Nevertheless, we find dislocation-free growth for all seeds at a small enough distance and for all seeds that approximately have the same orientation. In periodic structures, the stress that occurs due to incommensurate distances between the seeds results in phononic strain fields or, in the case of too large stresses, in dislocations. In contrast, in quasicrystals an additional phasonic strain field can occur and suppress dislocations. Phasons are additional degrees of freedom that are unique to quasicrystals. As a consequence, the additional phasonic strain field helps to distribute the stress and facilitates the growth of dislocation-free quasicrystals from multiple seeds. In contrast, in the periodic case the growth from multiple seeds most likely leads to a structure with multiple domains. Our work lays the theoretical foundations for growing perfect quasicrystals from different seeds and is therefore relevant for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmiedeberg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C V Achim
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - J Hielscher
- Institut für Theoretische Physik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S C Kapfer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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34
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van der Meer B, Dijkstra M, Filion L. Diffusion and interactions of point defects in hard-sphere crystals. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:244905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4990416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berend van der Meer
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Filion
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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35
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Zhang X, Zuo G, Lu X, Tang C, Cao S, Yu M. Anatase TiO2 sheet-assisted synthesis of Ti3+ self-doped mixed phase TiO2 sheet with superior visible-light photocatalytic performance: Roles of anatase TiO2 sheet. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490:774-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Fateminia SMA, Wang Z, Goh CC, Manghnani PN, Wu W, Mao D, Ng LG, Zhao Z, Tang BZ, Liu B. Nanocrystallization: A Unique Approach to Yield Bright Organic Nanocrystals for Biological Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604100. [PMID: 27805762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new bottom-up nanocrystallization method is developed to fabricate highly fluorescent organic nanocrystals in aqueous media using an aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen) as an example. The nanocrystallization strategy leads to the fabrication of uniform nanocrystals of 110 ± 10 nm size in aqueous media, which shows over 400% increase in brightness as compared to the amorphous nanoaggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ali Fateminia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chi Ching Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Purnima N Manghnani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Duo Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
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37
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Sitta CE, Smallenburg F, Wittkowski R, Löwen H. Hard rectangles near curved hard walls: Tuning the sign of the Tolman length. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:204508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4967876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph E. Sitta
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Smallenburg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raphael Wittkowski
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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38
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Jungblut S, Dellago C. Heterogeneous Crystallization on Pairs of Pre-Structured Seeds. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9230-9. [PMID: 27479875 PMCID: PMC5011298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying the effects of small pre-structured seeds on the crystallization transition in an undercooled monodisperse Lennard-Jones fluid with transition interface path sampling combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we analyze the impact of the simultaneous presence of two seeds with various structures. In the presence of seeds with face- and body-centered cubic structures, we find that decreasing the seed-to-seed distance enhances the probability of the crystalline clusters formed on one of the seeds to grow beyond the critical size, thus, increasing the crystal nucleation rates. In contrast, when seeds have an icosahedral structure, the crystalline clusters form mostly in the bulk. The crystal nucleation rate, however, is also determined by the distance between the seeds with regular structure in which the lattice spacing is equal to the bulk lattice constant, pointing to a heterogeneous crystal nucleation that occurs away from the icosahedrally structured seeds. For slightly squeezed seeds, the effects of the presence of seeds with face- and body-centered cubic structures are reduced in comparison to the regular seeds, and we do not see any effect of the presence of the second seed for seeds with squeezed icosahedral structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Jungblut
- Faculty of Physics, University
of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse
5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christoph Dellago
- Faculty of Physics, University
of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse
5, 1090 Wien, Austria
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39
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Zhou LL, Liu RS, Tian ZA, Liu HR, Hou ZY, Peng P. Crystallization characteristics in supercooled liquid zinc during isothermal relaxation: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31653. [PMID: 27526660 PMCID: PMC4985810 DOI: 10.1038/srep31653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization characteristics in supercooled liquid Zn during isothermal relaxation were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations by adopting the cluster-type index method (CTIM) and the tracing method. Results showed that the crystallization process undergo three different stages. The size of the critical nucleus was found to be approximately 90–150 atoms in this system; the growth of nuclei proceeded via the successive formation of hcp and fcc structures with a layered distribution; and finally, the system evolved into a much larger crystal with a distinct layered distribution of hcp and fcc structures with an 8R stacking sequence of ABCBACAB by adjusting all of the atoms in the larger clusters according to a certain rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhou
- School of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.,Department of Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Rang-Su Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ze-An Tian
- School of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hai-Rong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Hou
- Department of Applied Physics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Ping Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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40
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Ye L, Chai L, Li Q, Yan X, Wang Q, Liu H. Chemical precipitation granular sludge (CPGS) formation for copper removal from wastewater. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Härtel A, Kohl M, Schmiedeberg M. Anisotropic pair correlations in binary and multicomponent hard-sphere mixtures in the vicinity of a hard wall: A combined density functional theory and simulation study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042310. [PMID: 26565243 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental measure approach to classical density functional theory has been shown to be a powerful tool to predict various thermodynamic properties of hard-sphere systems. We employ this approach to determine not only one-particle densities but also two-particle correlations in binary and six-component mixtures of hard spheres in the vicinity of a hard wall. The broken isotropy enables us to carefully test a large variety of theoretically predicted two-particle features by quantitatively comparing them to the results of Brownian dynamics simulations. Specifically, we determine and compare the one-particle density, the total correlation functions, their contact values, and the force distributions acting on a particle. For this purpose, we follow the compressibility route and theoretically calculate the direct correlation functions by taking functional derivatives. We usually observe an excellent agreement between theory and simulations, except for small deviations in cases where local crystal-like order sets in. Our results set the course for further investigations on the consistency of functionals as well as for structural analysis on, e.g., the primitive model. In addition, we demonstrate that due to the suppression of local crystallization, the predictions of six-component mixtures are better than those in bidisperse or monodisperse systems. Finally, we are confident that our results of the structural modulations induced by the wall lead to a deeper understanding of ordering in anisotropic systems in general, the onset of heterogeneous crystallization, caging effects, and glassy dynamics close to a wall, as well as structural properties in systems with confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Härtel
- Institut of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schmiedeberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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