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Dieudé M, Kaci I, Hébert MJ. The Impact of Programmed Cell Death on the Formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696311. [PMID: 34335608 PMCID: PMC8320843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures are clusters of lymphoid tissue that develop post-natally at sites of chronic inflammation. They have been described in association with infection, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and allograft rejection. In their mature stage, TLS function as ectopic germinal centers, favoring the local production of autoantibodies and cytokines. TLS formation tends to parallel the severity of tissue injury and they are usually indicative of locally active immune responses. The presence of TLS in patients with solid tumors is usually associated with a better prognosis whereas their presence predicts increased maladaptive immunologic activity in patients with autoimmune disorders or allograft transplantation. Recent data highlight a correlation between active cell death and TLS formation and maturation. Our group recently identified apoptotic exosome-like vesicles, released by apoptotic cells, as novel inducers of TLS formation. Here, we review mechanisms of TLS formation and maturation with a specific focus on the emerging importance of tissue injury, programmed cell death and extracellular vesicles in TLS biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Dieudé
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Imane Kaci
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Dieudé M, Turgeon J, Karakeussian Rimbaud A, Beillevaire D, Qi S, Patey N, Gaboury LA, Boilard É, Hébert M. Extracellular vesicles derived from injured vascular tissue promote the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in vascular allografts. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:726-738. [PMID: 31729155 PMCID: PMC7064890 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) accumulate at sites of chronic injury where they function as an ectopic germinal center, fostering local autoimmune responses. Vascular injury leads to the release of endothelial-derived apoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExo) that contribute to rejection in transplanted organs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of ApoExo on TLS formation in a model of vascular allograft rejection. Mice transplanted with an allogeneic aortic transplant were injected with ApoExo. The formation of TLS was significantly increased by ApoExo injection along with vascular remodeling and increased levels of antinuclear antibodies and anti-perlecan/LG3 autoantibodies. ApoExo also enhanced allograft infiltration by γδT17 cells. Recipients deficient in γδT cells showed reduced TLS formation and lower autoantibodies levels following ApoExo injection. ApoExo are characterized by proteasome activity, which can be blocked by bortezomib. Bortezomib treated ApoExo reduced the recruitment of γδT17 cells to the allograft, lowered TLS formation, and reduced autoantibody production. This study identifies vascular injury-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoExo), as initiators of TLS formation and demonstrates the pivotal role of γδT17 in coordinating TLS formation and autoantibody production. Finally, our results suggest proteasome inhibition with bortezomib as a potential option for controlling TLS formation in rejected allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Dieudé
- Research CentreCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada,Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Research CentreCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Annie Karakeussian Rimbaud
- Research CentreCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Déborah Beillevaire
- Research CentreCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Shijie Qi
- Research CentreCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Nathalie Patey
- Centre de recherche du CHU Ste‐JustineDépartement de pathologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Louis A. Gaboury
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer & Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyUniversity of MontrealMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de QuébecUniversité LavalMontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Marie‐Josée Hébert
- Research CentreCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada,Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada,Canadian National Transplantation Research ProgramEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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Yin XT, Zobell S, Jarosz JG, Stuart PM. Anti-IL-17 therapy restricts and reverses late-term corneal allorejection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4029-38. [PMID: 25754737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corneal allograft rejection has been described as a Th1-mediated process involving IFN-γ production. However, recent evidence also implicated IL-17 as being involved in acute corneal allograft responses. Our data support that IL-17 is involved in early acute corneal allograft acceptance. However, we decided to extend these studies to include a later phase of rejection in which there is a peak of IL-17 production that is >15-fold higher than that seen during acute rejection and occurs >45 d postengraftment at the onset of late-term rejection. We demonstrate that neutralizing IL-17A at this time significantly reduced corneal graft rejection. Surprisingly, when corneal grafts that are undergoing this later phase of rejection are treated with anti-IL-17A, there is a reversal of both opacity and neovascularization. Compared with the early phase of rejection, the cellular infiltrate is significantly less, with a greatly reduced presence of Gr-1(+) neutrophils and a relative increase in CD4(+) T cells and macrophages. We went on to identify that the cells expressing IL-17 were CD4(+) IL-17(+) T cells and, somewhat surprisingly, IL-17(+) F4/80(+) macrophages within the rejecting corneal allografts. Taken together, these findings describe a distinct late phase of corneal allograft rejection that is likely mediated by Th17 cells; therapeutic neutralization of IL-17A reverses this rejection. This further suggests that IL-17 might serve as an excellent therapeutic target to reduce this form of corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Stephanie Zobell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Jason G Jarosz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Patrick M Stuart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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Kain MJW, Owens BMJ. Stromal cell regulation of homeostatic and inflammatory lymphoid organogenesis. Immunology 2013; 140:12-21. [PMID: 23621403 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs function to increase the efficiency of interactions between rare, antigen-specific lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells, concentrating antigen and lymphocytes in a supportive environment that facilitates the initiation of an adaptive immune response. Homeostatic lymphoid tissue organogenesis proceeds via exquisitely controlled spatiotemporal interactions between haematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer populations and multiple subsets of non-haematopoietic stromal cells. However, it is becoming clear that in a range of inflammatory contexts, ectopic or tertiary lymphoid tissues can develop inappropriately under pathological stress. Here we summarize the role of stromal cells in the development of homeostatic lymphoid tissue, and assess emerging evidence that suggests a critical role for stromal involvement in the tertiary lymphoid tissue development associated with chronic infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J W Kain
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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