1
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Sano T, Matsuda T, Hirose A, Ohata M, Terai T, Kakeshita T, Inubushi Y, Sato T, Miyanishi K, Yabashi M, Togashi T, Tono K, Sakata O, Tange Y, Arakawa K, Ito Y, Okuchi T, Sato T, Sekine T, Mashimo T, Nakanii N, Seto Y, Shigeta M, Shobu T, Sano Y, Hosokai T, Matsuoka T, Yabuuchi T, Tanaka KA, Ozaki N, Kodama R. X-ray free electron laser observation of ultrafast lattice behaviour under femtosecond laser-driven shock compression in iron. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13796. [PMID: 37652921 PMCID: PMC10471609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, understanding the nature of shock compression of condensed matter has been a major topic. About 20 years ago, a femtosecond laser emerged as a new shock-driver. Unlike conventional shock waves, a femtosecond laser-driven shock wave creates unique microstructures in materials. Therefore, the properties of this shock wave may be different from those of conventional shock waves. However, the lattice behaviour under femtosecond laser-driven shock compression has never been elucidated. Here we report the ultrafast lattice behaviour in iron shocked by direct irradiation of a femtosecond laser pulse, diagnosed using X-ray free electron laser diffraction. We found that the initial compression state caused by the femtosecond laser-driven shock wave is the same as that caused by conventional shock waves. We also found, for the first time experimentally, the temporal deviation of peaks of stress and strain waves predicted theoretically. Furthermore, the existence of a plastic wave peak between the stress and strain wave peaks is a new finding that has not been predicted even theoretically. Our findings will open up new avenues for designing novel materials that combine strength and toughness in a trade-off relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Sano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akio Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Terai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakeshita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, 910-8505, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tange
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kazuto Arakawa
- Next Generation TATARA Co-Creation Centre, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0458, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sato
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Toshimori Sekine
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tsutomu Mashimo
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masaya Shigeta
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shobu
- Sector of Nuclear Science Research, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-0013, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuo A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bulk Cu Material under Various Factors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to study the influence of factors of bulk Cu material, such as the effect of the number of atoms (N) at temperature (T), T = 300 K, temperature T, and annealing time (t) with Cu5324 on the structure properties, phase transition, and glass temperature Tg of the bulk Cu material. The obtained results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the bulk Cu material was Tg = 652 K; the length of the link for Cu-Cu had a negligible change; r = 2.475 Å; and four types of structures, FCC, HCP, BCC, Amor, always existed. With increasing the temperature the FCC, HCP, and BCC decrease, and Amorphous (Amor) increases. With an increasing number of atoms and annealing time, the FCC, HCP, and BCC increased, and Amor decreased. The simulated results showed that there was a great influence of factors on the structure found the gradient change, phase transition, and successful determination of the glass temperature point above Tg of the bulk Cu material. On the basis of these results, essential support will be provided for future studies on mechanical, optical, and electronic properties.
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3
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Elastodynamics Field of Non-Uniformly Moving Dislocation: From 3D to 2D. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) and experiments indicate that the high-speed dislocations dominate the plasticity properties of crystal materials under high strain rate. New physical features arise accompanied with the increase in dislocation speed, such as the “Lorentz contraction” effect of moving screw dislocation, anomalous nucleation, and annihilation in dislocation interaction. The static description of the dislocation is no longer applicable. The elastodynamics fields of non-uniformly moving dislocation are significantly temporal and spatially coupled. The corresponding mathematical formulas of the stress fields of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) dislocations look quite different. To clarify these differences, we disclose the physical origin of their connections, which is inherently associated with different temporal and spatial decoupling strategies through the 2D and 3D elastodynamics Green tensor. In this work, the fundamental relationship between 2D and 3D dislocation elastodynamics is established, which has enlightening significance for establishing general high-speed dislocation theory, developing a numerical calculation method based on dislocation elastodynamics, and revealing more influences of dislocation on the macroscopic properties of materials.
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4
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Mo M, Tang M, Chen Z, Peterson JR, Shen X, Baldwin JK, Frost M, Kozina M, Reid A, Wang Y, E J, Descamps A, Ofori-Okai BK, Li R, Luo SN, Wang X, Glenzer S. Ultrafast visualization of incipient plasticity in dynamically compressed matter. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1055. [PMID: 35217665 PMCID: PMC8881594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity is ubiquitous and plays a critical role in material deformation and damage; it inherently involves the atomistic length scale and picosecond time scale. A fundamental understanding of the elastic-plastic deformation transition, in particular, incipient plasticity, has been a grand challenge in high-pressure and high-strain-rate environments, impeded largely by experimental limitations on spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we report femtosecond MeV electron diffraction measurements visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) response of single-crystal aluminum to the ultrafast laser-induced compression. We capture lattice transitioning from a purely elastic to a plastically relaxed state within 5 ps, after reaching an elastic limit of ~25 GPa. Our results allow the direct determination of dislocation nucleation and transport that constitute the underlying defect kinetics of incipient plasticity. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations show good agreement with the experiment and provide an atomic-level description of the dislocation-mediated plasticity. Understanding incipient plasticity has been experimentally limited by spatial and temporal resolution. Here the authors report ultra-fast, in situ electron diffraction measurement of dislocation defect dynamics in the early stage of plastic deformation in Al under laser-driven compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhen Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Minxue Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Zhijiang Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Ryan Peterson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - John Kevin Baldwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Mungo Frost
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mike Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Juncheng E
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adrien Descamps
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sheng-Nian Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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5
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Frydrych K, Karimi K, Pecelerowicz M, Alvarez R, Dominguez-Gutiérrez FJ, Rovaris F, Papanikolaou S. Materials Informatics for Mechanical Deformation: A Review of Applications and Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5764. [PMID: 34640157 PMCID: PMC8510221 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the design and development of novel materials that have excellent mechanical properties, classification and regression methods have been diversely used across mechanical deformation simulations or experiments. The use of materials informatics methods on large data that originate in experiments or/and multiscale modeling simulations may accelerate materials' discovery or develop new understanding of materials' behavior. In this fast-growing field, we focus on reviewing advances at the intersection of data science with mechanical deformation simulations and experiments, with a particular focus on studies of metals and alloys. We discuss examples of applications, as well as identify challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Frydrych
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Kamran Karimi
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Michal Pecelerowicz
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Rene Alvarez
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesco Javier Dominguez-Gutiérrez
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11749, USA
| | - Fabrizio Rovaris
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Stefanos Papanikolaou
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk-Otwock, Poland; (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (R.A.); (F.J.D.-G.); (F.R.)
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6
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Yao S, Yu J, Cui Y, Pei X, Yu Y, Wu Q. Revisiting the Power Law Characteristics of the Plastic Shock Front under Shock Loading. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:085503. [PMID: 33709763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.085503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under uniaxial shock compression, the steepness of the plastic shock front usually exhibits power law characteristics with the Hugoniot pressure, also known as the "Swegle-Grady law." In this Letter, we show that the Swegle-Grady law can be described better by a third power law rather than the classical fourth power law at the strain rate between 10^{5}-10^{7} s^{-1}. A simple dislocation-based continuum model is developed, which reproduced the third power law and revealed very good agreement with recent experiments of multiple types of metals quantitatively. New insights into this unusual macroscopic phenomenon are presented through quantifying the connection between the macroscopic mechanical response and the collective dynamics of dislocation assembles. It is found that the Swegle-Grady law results from the particular stress dependence of the plasticity behaviors, and that the difference between the third power scaling and the classical fourth power scaling results from different shock dissipative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Jidong Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Yinan Cui
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Yuying Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
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7
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Rahm M, Ångqvist M, Rahm JM, Erhart P, Cammi R. Non-Bonded Radii of the Atoms Under Compression. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2441-2453. [PMID: 32896974 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present quantum mechanical estimates for non-bonded, van der Waals-like, radii of 93 atoms in a pressure range from 0 to 300 gigapascal. Trends in radii are largely maintained under pressure, but atoms also change place in their relative size ordering. Multiple isobaric contractions of radii are predicted and are explained by pressure-induced changes to the electronic ground state configurations of the atoms. The presented radii are predictive of drastically different chemistry under high pressure and permit an extension of chemical thinking to different thermodynamic regimes. For example, they can aid in assignment of bonded and non-bonded contacts, for distinguishing molecular entities, and for estimating available space inside compressed materials. All data has been made available in an interactive web application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ångqvist
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Magnus Rahm
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Cammi
- Department of Chemical Science, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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8
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Heighway PG, Sliwa M, McGonegle D, Wehrenberg C, Bolme CA, Eggert J, Higginbotham A, Lazicki A, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Park HS, Rudd RE, Smith RF, Suggit MJ, Swift D, Tavella F, Remington BA, Wark JS. Nonisentropic Release of a Shocked Solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:245501. [PMID: 31922830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.245501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present molecular dynamics simulations of shock and release in micron-scale tantalum crystals that exhibit postbreakout temperatures far exceeding those expected under the standard assumption of isentropic release. We show via an energy-budget analysis that this is due to plastic-work heating from material strength that largely counters thermoelastic cooling. The simulations are corroborated by experiments where the release temperatures of laser-shocked tantalum foils are deduced from their thermal strains via in situ x-ray diffraction and are found to be close to those behind the shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Heighway
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Sliwa
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, SM-30, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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9
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Review of Size Effects during Micropillar Compression Test: Experiments and Atomistic Simulations. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The micropillar compression test is a novel experiment to study the mechanical properties of materials at small length scales of micro and nano. The results of the micropillar compression experiments show that the strength of the material depends on the pillar diameter, which is commonly termed as size effects. In the current work, first, the experimental observations and theoretical models of size effects during micropillar compression tests are reviewed in the case of crystalline metals. In the next step, the recent computer simulations using molecular dynamics are reviewed as a powerful tool to investigate the micropillar compression experiment and its governing mechanisms of size effects.
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10
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Ichiyanagi K, Takagi S, Kawai N, Fukaya R, Nozawa S, Nakamura KG, Liss KD, Kimura M, Adachi SI. Microstructural deformation process of shock-compressed polycrystalline aluminum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7604. [PMID: 31110218 PMCID: PMC6527857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials under shock wave loading is a critical characteristic in material science and engineering. However, owing to the nanosecond time scale of the shock-induced deformation process, we currently have a poor mechanistic understanding of the structural changes from atomic scale to mesoscale. Here, we observed the dynamic grain refinement of polycrystalline aluminum foil under laser-driven shock wave loading using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Diffraction spots on the Debye-Scherrer ring from micrometer-sized aluminum grains appeared and disappeared irregularly, and were shifted and broadened as a result of laser-induced shock wave loading. Behind the front of shock wave, large grains in aluminum foil were deformed, and subsequently exhibited grain rotation and a reduction in size. The width distribution of the diffraction spots broadened because of shock-induced grain refinement and microstrain in each grain. We performed quantitative analysis of the inhomogeneous lattice strain and grain size in the shocked polycrysalline aluminum using the Williamson-Hall method and determined the dislocation density under shock wave loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan. .,Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.
| | - Sota Takagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,Division of Earth Evolution Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kawai
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kazutaka G Nakamura
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-10, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Klaus-Dieter Liss
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Masao Kimura
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The formation mechanism of < 100 > interstitial dislocation loops in ferritic steels stemming from irradiation remains elusive, as their formations are either too short for experiments, or too long for molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we report on the formation of both interstitial and vacancy dislocation loops in high energy displacement cascades using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with up to 220 million atoms. Riding the supersonic shockwave generated in the cascade, self-interstitial atoms are punched out to form < 100 > dislocation loops in only a few picoseconds during one single cascade event, which is several orders of magnitude faster than any existing mechanisms. The energy analysis suggests that the formation of the interstitial loops depends on kinetic energy redistribution, where higher incidence energy or larger atom mass could improve the probability of the direct nucleation of interstitial dislocation loops. Irradiating iron introduces defects such as interstitial dislocation loops, whose exact formation mechanism remains unclear. Here, the authors use large scale molecular dynamics simulations to reveal a punch out mechanism that can directly create < 100 > interstitial dislocation loops.
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12
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Sliwa M, McGonegle D, Wehrenberg C, Bolme CA, Heighway PG, Higginbotham A, Lazicki A, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Park HS, Rudd RE, Suggit MJ, Swift D, Tavella F, Zepeda-Ruiz L, Remington BA, Wark JS. Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reversal of the Microstructural Effects of Plastic Deformation during Shock Release of Tantalum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:265502. [PMID: 30004719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.265502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used femtosecond x-ray diffraction to study laser-shocked fiber-textured polycrystalline tantalum targets as the 37-253 GPa shock waves break out from the free surface. We extract the time and depth-dependent strain profiles within the Ta target as the rarefaction wave travels back into the bulk of the sample. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, the lattice rotation and the twins that are formed under shock compression are observed to be almost fully eliminated by the rarefaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sliwa
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, SM-30, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P G Heighway
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Zepeda-Ruiz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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13
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Tang MX, Zhang YY, E JC, Luo SN. Simulations of X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed single-crystal tantalum with synchrotron undulator sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:748-756. [PMID: 29714184 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751800499x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychromatic synchrotron undulator X-ray sources are useful for ultrafast single-crystal diffraction under shock compression. Here, simulations of X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed single-crystal tantalum with realistic undulator sources are reported, based on large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Purely elastic deformation, elastic-plastic two-wave structure, and severe plastic deformation under different impact velocities are explored, as well as an edge release case. Transmission-mode diffraction simulations consider crystallographic orientation, loading direction, incident beam direction, X-ray spectrum bandwidth and realistic detector size. Diffraction patterns and reciprocal space nodes are obtained from atomic configurations for different loading (elastic and plastic) and detection conditions, and interpretation of the diffraction patterns is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Tang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - J C E
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Luo
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
When the rate of loading is faster than the rate at which material absorbs and converts energy to plastic work and damages, then there is an excess of energy that is partly stored in the material's microstructure and the rest of it triggers micro-dynamic excitations. The additional storage necessitates the development of plastic flow constraints and is directly responsible for the observed dynamic strengthening. At extreme conditions, we find that the micro-excitations contribute to the dynamic behavior. The phenomena are universally observed in metals, frictional materials and polymers. In essence, strong dynamics creates conditions at which materials are pushed from equilibrium and temporarily reside in an excited state of behavior. This study is focused on the behavior of metals. The concept is incorporated into a mechanisms-based constitutive model and is examined for annealed OFHC copper.
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15
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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16
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Neogi A, Mitra N. A metastable phase of shocked bulk single crystal copper: an atomistic simulation study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7337. [PMID: 28779151 PMCID: PMC5544681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural phase transformation in bulk single crystal Cu in different orientation under shock loading of different intensities has been investigated in this article. Atomistic simulations, such as, classical molecular dynamics using embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potential and ab-initio based molecular dynamics simulations, have been carried out to demonstrate FCC-to-BCT phase transformation under shock loading of 〈100〉 oriented bulk single crystal copper. Simulated x-ray diffraction patterns have been utilized to confirm the structural phase transformation before shock-induced melting in Cu(100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Neogi
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Nilanjan Mitra
- Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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17
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Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Shock Loading of Materials: A Review and Tutorial. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119356059.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Hahn EN, Zhao S, Bringa EM, Meyers MA. Supersonic Dislocation Bursts in Silicon. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26977. [PMID: 27264746 PMCID: PMC4893603 DOI: 10.1038/srep26977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dislocations are the primary agents of permanent deformation in crystalline solids. Since the theoretical prediction of supersonic dislocations over half a century ago, there is a dearth of experimental evidence supporting their existence. Here we use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of shocked silicon to reveal transient supersonic partial dislocation motion at approximately 15 km/s, faster than any previous in-silico observation. Homogeneous dislocation nucleation occurs near the shock front and supersonic dislocation motion lasts just fractions of picoseconds before the dislocations catch the shock front and decelerate back to the elastic wave speed. Applying a modified analytical equation for dislocation evolution we successfully predict a dislocation density of 1.5 × 1012 cm−2 within the shocked volume, in agreement with the present simulations and realistic in regards to prior and on-going recovery experiments in silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Hahn
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - E M Bringa
- Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.,CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - M A Meyers
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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19
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Structural Dynamics of Materials under Shock Compression Investigated with Synchrotron Radiation. METALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/met6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Plasticity is often controlled by dislocation motion, which was first measured for low pressure, low strain rate conditions decades ago. However, many applications require knowledge of dislocation motion at high stress conditions where the data are sparse, and come from indirect measurements dominated by the effect of dislocation density rather than velocity. Here we make predictions based on atomistic simulations that form the basis for a new approach to measure dislocation velocities directly at extreme conditions using three steps: create prismatic dislocation loops in a near-surface region using nanoindentation, drive the dislocations with a shockwave, and use electron microscopy to determine how far the dislocations moved and thus their velocity at extreme stress and strain rate conditions. We report on atomistic simulations of tantalum that make detailed predictions of dislocation flow, and find that the approach is feasible and can uncover an exciting range of phenomena, such as transonic dislocations and a novel form of loop stretching. The simulated configuration enables a new class of experiments to probe average dislocation velocity at very high applied shear stress.
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21
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Gurrutxaga-Lerma B, Balint DS, Dini D, Eakins DE, Sutton AP. Attenuation of the dynamic yield point of shocked aluminum using elastodynamic simulations of dislocation dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:174301. [PMID: 25978237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.174301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When a metal is subjected to extremely rapid compression, a shock wave is launched that generates dislocations as it propagates. The shock wave evolves into a characteristic two-wave structure, with an elastic wave preceding a plastic front. It has been known for more than six decades that the amplitude of the elastic wave decays the farther it travels into the metal: this is known as "the decay of the elastic precursor." The amplitude of the elastic precursor is a dynamic yield point because it marks the transition from elastic to plastic behavior. In this Letter we provide a full explanation of this attenuation using the first method of dislocation dynamics to treat the time dependence of the elastic fields of dislocations explicitly. We show that the decay of the elastic precursor is a result of the interference of the elastic shock wave with elastic waves emanating from dislocations nucleated in the shock front. Our simulations reproduce quantitatively recent experiments on the decay of the elastic precursor in aluminum and its dependence on strain rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beñat Gurrutxaga-Lerma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Balint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Dini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E Eakins
- Department of Physics Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P Sutton
- Department of Physics Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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22
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Park HS, Rudd RE, Cavallo RM, Barton NR, Arsenlis A, Belof JL, Blobaum KJM, El-dasher BS, Florando JN, Huntington CM, Maddox BR, May MJ, Plechaty C, Prisbrey ST, Remington BA, Wallace RJ, Wehrenberg CE, Wilson MJ, Comley AJ, Giraldez E, Nikroo A, Farrell M, Randall G, Gray GT. Grain-size-independent plastic flow at ultrahigh pressures and strain rates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:065502. [PMID: 25723227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.065502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A basic tenet of material science is that the flow stress of a metal increases as its grain size decreases, an effect described by the Hall-Petch relation. This relation is used extensively in material design to optimize the hardness, durability, survivability, and ductility of structural metals. This Letter reports experimental results in a new regime of high pressures and strain rates that challenge this basic tenet of mechanical metallurgy. We report measurements of the plastic flow of the model body-centered-cubic metal tantalum made under conditions of high pressure (>100 GPa) and strain rate (∼10(7) s(-1)) achieved by using the Omega laser. Under these unique plastic deformation ("flow") conditions, the effect of grain size is found to be negligible for grain sizes >0.25 μm sizes. A multiscale model of the plastic flow suggests that pressure and strain rate hardening dominate over the grain-size effects. Theoretical estimates, based on grain compatibility and geometrically necessary dislocations, corroborate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R M Cavallo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - N R Barton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Arsenlis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K J M Blobaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B S El-dasher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J N Florando
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B R Maddox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J May
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C Plechaty
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R J Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C E Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A J Comley
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - G Randall
- General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - G T Gray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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23
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Comley AJ, Maddox BR, Rudd RE, Barton NR, Wehrenberg CE, Prisbrey ST, Hawreliak JA, Orlikowski DA, Peterson SC, Satcher JH, Elsholz AJ, Park HS, Remington BA, Bazin N, Foster JM, Graham P, Park N, Rosen PA, Rothman SD, Higginbotham A, Suggit M, Wark JS. Comley et al. reply. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:039602. [PMID: 25083670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.039602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Comley
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA and Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B R Maddox
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N R Barton
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C E Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Orlikowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Satcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Elsholz
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Bazin
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J M Foster
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - N Park
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P A Rosen
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S D Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginbotham
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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24
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Rudd RE, Arsenlis A, Barton NR, Cavallo RM, Comley AJ, Maddox BR, Marian J, Park HS, Prisbrey ST, Wehrenberg CE, Zepeda-Ruiz L, Remington BA. Multiscale strength (MS) models: their foundation, their successes, and their challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/500/11/112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Armstrong RW. Bertram Hopkinson's pioneering work and the dislocation mechanics of high rate deformations and mechanically induced detonations. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20130181. [PMID: 24711487 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bertram Hopkinson was prescient in writing of the importance of better measuring, albeit better understanding, the nature of high rate deformation of materials in general and, in particular, of the importance of heat in initiating detonation of explosives. This report deals with these subjects in terms of post-Hopkinson crystal dislocation mechanics applied to high rate deformations, including impact tests, Hopkinson pressure bar results, Zerilli-Armstrong-type constitutive relations, shock-induced deformations, isentropic compression experiments, mechanical initiation of explosive crystals and shear banding in metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Armstrong
- Center for Energetic Concepts Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, , College Park, MD 21842, USA
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26
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Yu Y, Wang W, He H, Lu T. Modeling multiscale evolution of numerous voids in shocked brittle material. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:043309. [PMID: 24827366 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.043309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the evolution of numerous voids on macroscopic properties of materials is a multiscale problem that challenges computational research. A shock-wave compression model for brittle material, which can obtain both microscopic evolution and macroscopic shock properties, was developed using discrete element methods (lattice model). Using a model interaction-parameter-mapping procedure, qualitative features, as well as trends in the calculated shock-wave profiles, are shown to agree with experimental results. The shock wave splits into an elastic wave and a deformation wave in porous brittle materials, indicating significant shock plasticity. Void collapses in the deformation wave were the natural reason for volume shrinkage and deformation. However, media slippage and rotation deformations indicated by complex vortex patterns composed of relative velocity vectors were also confirmed as an important source of shock plasticity. With increasing pressure, the contribution from slippage deformation to the final plastic strain increased. Porosity was found to determine the amplitude of the elastic wave; porosity and shock stress together determine propagation speed of the deformation wave, as well as stress and strain on the final equilibrium state. Thus, shock behaviors of porous brittle material can be systematically designed for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, 621900, Mianyang, People's Republic of China and Department of Physics and Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, 621900, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang He
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, 621900, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Lu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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27
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Wittenberg JS, Miller TA, Szilagyi E, Lutker K, Quirin F, Lu W, Lemke H, Zhu D, Chollet M, Robinson J, Wen H, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Alivisatos AP, Lindenberg AM. Real-time visualization of nanocrystal solid-solid transformation pathways. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1995-1999. [PMID: 24588125 DOI: 10.1021/nl500043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurement and understanding of the microscopic pathways materials follow as they transform is crucial for the design and synthesis of new metastable phases of matter. Here we employ femtosecond single-shot X-ray diffraction techniques to measure the pathways underlying solid-solid phase transitions in cadmium sulfide nanorods, a model system for a general class of martensitic transformations. Using picosecond rise-time laser-generated shocks to trigger the transformation, we directly observe the transition state dynamics associated with the wurtzite-to-rocksalt structural phase transformation in cadmium sulfide with atomic-scale resolution. A stress-dependent transition path is observed. At high peak stresses, the majority of the sample is converted directly into the rocksalt phase with no evidence of an intermediate prior to rocksalt formation. At lower peak stresses, a transient five-coordinated intermediate structure is observed consistent with previous first principles modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Wittenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Durniak C, Samsonov D, Ralph JF, Zhdanov S, Morfill G. Dislocation dynamics during plastic deformations of complex plasma crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:053101. [PMID: 24329366 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.053101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The internal structures of most periodic crystalline solids contain defects. This affects various important mechanical and thermal properties of crystals. Since it is very difficult and expensive to track the motion of individual atoms in real solids, macroscopic model systems, such as complex plasmas, are often used. Complex plasmas consist of micrometer-sized grains immersed into an ion-electron plasma. They exist in solidlike, liquidlike, and gaseouslike states and exhibit a range of nonlinear and dynamic effects, most of which have direct analogies in solids and liquids. Slabs of a monolayer hexagonal complex plasma were subjected to a cycle of uniaxial compression and decompression of large amplitudes to achieve plastic deformations, both in experiments and simulations. During the cycle, the internal structure of the lattice exhibited significant rearrangements. Dislocations (point defects) were generated and displaced in the stressed lattice. They tended to glide parallel to their Burgers vectors under load. It was found that the deformation cycle was macroscopically reversible but irreversible at the particle scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Durniak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - D Samsonov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - J F Ralph
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - S Zhdanov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - G Morfill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
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Milathianaki D, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Higginbotham A, Ratner D, Gleason AE, Messerschmidt M, Seibert MM, Swift DC, Hering P, Robinson J, White WE, Wark JS. Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter. Science 2013; 342:220-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nanosecond white-light Laue diffraction measurements of dislocation microstructure in shock-compressed single-crystal copper. Nat Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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31
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He L, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. Molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves in oriented nitromethane single crystals: Plane-specific effects. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:034501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3676727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Anders C, Bringa EM, Ziegenhain G, Graham GA, Hansen JF, Park N, Teslich NE, Urbassek HM. Why nanoprojectiles work differently than macroimpactors: the role of plastic flow. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:027601. [PMID: 22324707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.027601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic simulation data on crater formation due to the hypervelocity impact of nanoprojectiles of up to 55 nm diameter and with targets containing up to 1.1×10(10) atoms are compared to available experimental data on μm-, mm-, and cm-sized projectiles. We show that previous scaling laws do not hold in the nanoregime and outline the reasons: within our simulations we observe that the cratering mechanism changes, going from the smallest to the largest simulated scales, from an evaporative regime to a regime where melt and plastic flow dominate, as is expected in larger microscale experiments. The importance of the strain-rate dependence of strength and of dislocation production and motion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Anders
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Crowhurst JC, Armstrong MR, Knight KB, Zaug JM, Behymer EM. Invariance of the dissipative action at ultrahigh strain rates above the strong shock threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:144302. [PMID: 22107198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.144302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have directly resolved shock structures in pure aluminum in the first few hundred picoseconds subsequent to a dynamic load at peak stresses up to 43 GPa and strain rates in excess of 10(10) s(-1). For strong shocks we obtain peak stresses, strain rates, and rise times. From these data, we directly validate the invariance of the dissipative action in the strong shock regime, and by comparing with data obtained at much lower strain rates show that this invariance is observed over at least 5 orders of magnitude in the strain rate. Over the same range, we similarly validate the fourth-power scaling of the strain rate with the peak stress (the Swegle-Grady relation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Crowhurst
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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Zhakhovsky VV, Budzevich MM, Inogamov NA, Oleynik II, White CT. Two-zone elastic-plastic single shock waves in solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:135502. [PMID: 22026872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
By decoupling time and length scales in moving window molecular dynamics shock-wave simulations, a new regime of shock-wave propagation is uncovered characterized by a two-zone elastic-plastic shock-wave structure consisting of a leading elastic front followed by a plastic front, both moving with the same average speed and having a fixed net thickness that can extend to microns. The material in the elastic zone is in a metastable state that supports a pressure that can substantially exceed the critical pressure characteristic of the onset of the well-known split-elastic-plastic, two-wave propagation. The two-zone elastic-plastic wave is a general phenomenon observed in simulations of a broad class of crystalline materials and is within the reach of current experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Zhakhovsky
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Abstract
Dislocation nucleation is essential to our understanding of plastic deformation, ductility, and mechanical strength of crystalline materials. Molecular dynamics simulation has played an important role in uncovering the fundamental mechanisms of dislocation nucleation, but its limited timescale remains a significant challenge for studying nucleation at experimentally relevant conditions. Here we show that dislocation nucleation rates can be accurately predicted over a wide range of conditions by determining the activation free energy from umbrella sampling. Our data reveal very large activation entropies, which contribute a multiplicative factor of many orders of magnitude to the nucleation rate. The activation entropy at constant strain is caused by thermal expansion, with negligible contribution from the vibrational entropy. The activation entropy at constant stress is significantly larger than that at constant strain, as a result of thermal softening. The large activation entropies are caused by anharmonic effects, showing the limitations of the harmonic approximation widely used for rate estimation in solids. Similar behaviors are expected to occur in other nucleation processes in solids.
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Murphy WJ, Higginbotham A, Kimminau G, Barbrel B, Bringa EM, Hawreliak J, Kodama R, Koenig M, McBarron W, Meyers MA, Nagler B, Ozaki N, Park N, Remington B, Rothman S, Vinko SM, Whitcher T, Wark JS. The strength of single crystal copper under uniaxial shock compression at 100 GPa. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:065404. [PMID: 21389369 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/6/065404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In situ x-ray diffraction has been used to measure the shear strain (and thus strength) of single crystal copper shocked to 100 GPa pressures at strain rates over two orders of magnitude higher than those achieved previously. For shocks in the [001] direction there is a significant associated shear strain, while shocks in the [111] direction give negligible shear strain. We infer, using molecular dynamics simulations and VISAR (standing for 'velocity interferometer system for any reflector') measurements, that the strength of the material increases dramatically (to approximately 1 GPa) for these extreme strain rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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High-Rate Plastic Deformation of Nanocrystalline Tantalum to Large Strains: Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the ability to generate extremes of pressure and temperature in dynamic experiments and to probe the response of materials has motivated the need for special materials optimized for those conditions as well as a need for a much deeper understanding of the behavior of materials subjected to high pressure and/or temperature. Of particular importance is the understanding of rate effects at the extremely high rates encountered in those experiments, especially with the next generation of laser drives such as at the National Ignition Facility. Here we use large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the high-rate deformation of nanocrystalline tantalum to investigate the processes associated with plastic deformation for strains up to 100%. We use initial atomic configurations that were produced through simulations of solidification in the work of Streitz et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, (2006) 225701]. These 3D polycrystalline systems have typical grain sizes of 10-20 nm. We also study a rapidly quenched liquid (amorphous solid) tantalum. We apply a constant volume (isochoric), constant temperature (isothermal) shear deformation over a range of strain rates, and compute the resulting stress-strain curves to large strains for both uniaxial and biaxial compression. We study the rate dependence and identify plastic deformation mechanisms. The identification of the mechanisms is facilitated through a novel technique that computes the local grain orientation, returning it as a quaternion for each atom. This analysis technique is robust and fast, and has been used to compute the orientations on the fly during our parallel MD simulations on supercomputers. We find both dislocation and twinning processes are important, and they interact in the weak strain hardening in these extremely fine-grained microstructures.
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Hawreliak J, Lorenzana HE, Remington BA, Lukezic S, Wark JS. Nanosecond x-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials in a pinhole camera geometry suitable for laser shock compression experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:083908. [PMID: 17764336 DOI: 10.1063/1.2772210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulses of quasimonochromatic x-rays emitted from the K shell of ions within a laser-produced plasma are of sufficient spectral brightness to allow single-shot recording of powder diffraction patterns from thin foils of order millimeter diameter. Strong diffraction signals have been observed in a cylindrical pinhole camera arrangement from both polycrystalline and amorphous foils, and the experimental arrangement and foil dimensions are such that they allow for laser shocking or quasi-isentropic loading of the foil during the diffraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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