1
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Tromp A, Wang H, Hall TE, Mowry B, Giacomotto J. Optimising the zebrafish Cre/Lox toolbox. Codon improved iCre, new gateway tools, Cre protein and guidelines. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1221310. [PMID: 37601640 PMCID: PMC10433388 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1221310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently introduced the Cre/Lox technology in our laboratory for both transient (mRNA injections) and stable/transgenic experiments. We experienced significant issues such as silencing, mosaicism, and partial recombination using both approaches. Reviewing the literature gave us the impression that these issues are common among the zebrafish community using the Cre/Lox system. While some researchers took advantage of these problems for specific applications, such as cell and lineage tracing using the Zebrabow construct, we tried here to improve the efficiency and reliability of this system by constituting and testing a new set of tools for zebrafish genetics. First, we implemented a codon-improved Cre version (iCre) designed for rodent studies to counteract some of the aforementioned problems. This eukaryotic-like iCre version was engineered to i) reduce silencing, ii) increase mRNA stability, iii) enhance translational efficiency, and iv) improve nuclear translocation. Second, we established a new set of tol2-kit compatible vectors to facilitate the generation of either iCre-mRNA or iCre-transgenes for transient and transgenic experiments, respectively. We then validated the use of this material and are providing tips for users. Interestingly, during the validation steps, we found that maternal iCRE-mRNA and/or protein deposition from female transgenics systematically led to complete/homogeneous conversion of all tested Lox-responder-transgenes, as opposed to some residual imperfect conversion when using males-drivers or mRNA injections. Considering that we did not find any evidence of Cre-protein soaking and injections in the literature as it is usually conducted with cells, we tested these approaches. While soaking of cell-permeant CRE-protein did not lead to any detectable Lox-conversion, 1ng-10 ng protein injections led to robust and homogeneous Lox-recombination, suggesting that the use of protein could be a robust option for exogenous delivery. This approach may be particularly useful to manipulate housekeeping genes involved in development, sex determination and reproduction which are difficult to investigate with traditional knockout approaches. All in all, we are providing here a new set of tools that should be useful in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Tromp
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Haitao Wang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas E. Hall
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean Giacomotto
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in the glial lineage modulates neuronal excitability. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1190240. [PMID: 37383546 PMCID: PMC10293750 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1190240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein related protein receptor 1 (LRP1), also known as CD91 or α-Macroglobulin-receptor, is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with more than 40 known ligands. It plays an important biological role as receptor of morphogens, extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors and pathogens. In the CNS, it has primarily been studied as a receptor and clearance agent of pathogenic factors such as Aβ-peptide and, lately, Tau protein that is relevant for tissue homeostasis and protection against neurodegenerative processes. Recently, it was found that LRP1 expresses the Lewis-X (Lex) carbohydrate motif and is expressed in the neural stem cell compartment. The removal of Lrp1 from the cortical radial glia compartment generates a strong phenotype with severe motor deficits, seizures and a reduced life span. The present review discusses approaches that have been taken to address the neurodevelopmental significance of LRP1 by creating novel, lineage-specific constitutive or conditional knockout mouse lines. Deficits in the stem cell compartment may be at the root of severe CNS pathologies.
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3
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Hu G, Song M, Wang Y, Hao K, Wang J, Zhang Y. Using a modified piggyBac transposon-combined Cre/loxP system to produce selectable reporter-free transgenic bovine mammary epithelial cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Genesis 2023:e23510. [PMID: 36748563 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transposon systems are widely used for genetic engineering in various model organisms. PiggyBac (PB) has recently been confirmed to have highly efficient transposition in the mouse germ line and mammalian cell lines. In this study, we used a modified PB transposon system mediated by PB transposase (PBase) mRNA carrying the human lactoferrin gene driven by bovine β-casein promoter to transfect bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), and the selectable reporter in two stable transgenic BMEC clones was removed using cell-permeant Cre recombinase. These reporter-free transgenic BMECs were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and exhibited a competence of SCNT embryos similar to stable transgenic BMECs and nontransgenic BMECs. The comprehensive information from this study provided a modified approach using an altered PB transposon system mediated by PBase mRNA in vitro and combined with the Cre/loxP system to produce transgenic and selectable reporter-free donor nuclei for SCNT. Consequently, the production of safe bovine mammary bioreactors can be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Meijun Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Kexing Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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4
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Rghei AD, Yates JGE, Lopes JA, Zhan X, Guilleman MM, Pei Y, van Lieshout LP, Santry LA, Bridle BW, Karimi K, Thompson B, Susta L, Crowe JE, Wootton SK. Antibody-based protection against respiratory syncytial virus in mice and their offspring through vectored immunoprophylaxis. Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41434-023-00385-2. [PMID: 36732618 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute lower respiratory tract infections, with potential lower respiratory tract infections, which can be particularly problematic in infants and the elderly. There are no approved vaccines for RSV. The current standard of care for high-risk individuals is monthly administration of palivizumab, a humanized murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the RSV fusion protein. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of mAbs has previously led to sustained expression of therapeutic concentrations of mAbs in several animal models, representing an alternative to repetitive passive administration. Intramuscular (IM) administration of AAV6.2FF expressing RSV antibodies, palivizumab or hRSV90, resulted in high concentrations of human (h)IgG1 mAbs in the serum and at various mucosal surfaces, while intranasal administration limited hIgG expression to the respiratory tract. IM administration of AAV6.2FF-hRSV90 or AAV6.2FF-palivizumab in a murine model provided sterilizing immunity against challenge with RSV A2. Evidence of maternal passive transfer of vectorized hRSV90 was detected in both murine and ovine models, with circulating mAbs providing sterilizing immunity in mouse progeny. Finally, addition of a "kill switch" comprised of LoxP sites flanking the mAb genes resulted in diminished serum hIgG after AAV-DJ-mediated delivery of Cre recombinase to the same muscle group that was originally transduced with the AAV-mAb vector. The ability of this AAV-mAb system to mediate robust, sustained mAb expression for maternal transfer to progeny in murine and ovine models emphasizes the potential of this platform for use as an alternative prophylactic vaccine for protection against neonatal infections, particularly in high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira D Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob G E Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordyn A Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xuiaoyan Zhan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0417, USA
| | - Matthew M Guilleman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0417, USA
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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5
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Maffei M, Morelli C, Graham E, Patriarca S, Donzelli L, Doleschall B, de Castro Reis F, Nocchi L, Chadick CH, Reymond L, Corrêa IR, Johnsson K, Hackett JA, Heppenstall PA. A ligand-based system for receptor-specific delivery of proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19214. [PMID: 31844114 PMCID: PMC6915567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery using vector or viral-based methods is often limited by technical and safety barriers. A promising alternative that circumvents these shortcomings is the direct delivery of proteins into cells. Here we introduce a non-viral, ligand-mediated protein delivery system capable of selectively targeting primary skin cells in-vivo. Using orthologous self-labelling tags and chemical cross-linkers, we conjugate large proteins to ligands that bind their natural receptors on the surface of keratinocytes. Targeted CRE-mediated recombination was achieved by delivery of ligand cross-linked CRE protein to the skin of transgenic reporter mice, but was absent in mice lacking the ligand's cell surface receptor. We further show that ligands mediate the intracellular delivery of Cas9 allowing for CRISPR-mediated gene editing in the skin more efficiently than adeno-associated viral gene delivery. Thus, a ligand-based system enables the effective and receptor-specific delivery of large proteins and may be applied to the treatment of skin-related genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Maffei
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Chiara Morelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.,Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellie Graham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Patriarca
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Laura Donzelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Balint Doleschall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Fernanda de Castro Reis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Linda Nocchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cora H Chadick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Luc Reymond
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Plank Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamie A Hackett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paul A Heppenstall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
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6
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Li Z, Cai Z, Fu W, Liu Y, Tian C, Wang H, Fu T, Wu Z, Wu D, Jin Y, Cheng Z, Terada N, Liu L, Wu W, Jin S, Bai F. High-efficiency protein delivery into transfection-recalcitrant cell types. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:816-831. [PMID: 31814110 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of functional proteins is of great interest for basic biological research as well as for clinical applications. Transfection is the most commonly used method, however, it is not applicable to large-scale manipulation and inefficient in important cell types implicated in biomedical applications, such as epithelial, immune and pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we explored a bacterial type III secretion system (Bac-T3SS)-mediated proteofection method to overcome these limitations. An attenuated Pseudomonas aeruginosa vector was constructed, which has features of low toxicity, high T3SS activity, and self-limiting growth. Compared to the method of transfection, the Bac-T3SS showed significantly higher efficiencies of Cre recombinase translocation and target site recombination for hard-to-transfect human cell lines. Furthermore, through the delivery of β-lactamase in live animals, we demonstrated the feasibility and biosafety of in vivo application of the Bac-T3SS. This study provided an efficient and low-cost proteofection strategy for laboratory use as well as for application in large-scale cell manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeqiong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weixin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Savery D, Maniou E, Culshaw LH, Greene NDE, Copp AJ, Galea GL. Refinement of inducible gene deletion in embryos of pregnant mice. Birth Defects Res 2019; 112:196-204. [PMID: 31793758 PMCID: PMC7003956 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CreERT2‐mediated gene recombination is widely applied in developmental biology research. Activation of CreERT2 is typically achieved by injection of tamoxifen in an oily vehicle into the peritoneal cavity of mid‐gestation pregnant mice. This can be technically challenging and adversely impacts welfare. Here we characterize three refinements to this technique: Pipette feeding (not gavage) of tamoxifen, ex vivo CreERT2 activation in whole embryo culture and injection of cell‐permeable TAT‐Cre into Cre‐negative cultured embryos. We demonstrate that pipette feeding of tamoxifen solution to the mother on various days of gestation reliably activates embryonic CreERT2, illustrated here using β‐ActinCreERT2, Sox2CreERT2, TCreERT2, and Nkx1.2CreERT2. Pipette feeding of tamoxifen induces dose‐dependent recombination of Rosa26mTmG reporters when administered at E8.5. Activation of two neuromesodermal progenitor‐targeting Cre drivers, TCreERT2, and Nkx1.2CreERT2, produces comparable neuroepithelial lineage tracing. Dose‐dependent CreERT2 activation can also be achieved by brief exposure to 4OH‐tamoxifen in whole embryo culture, allowing temporal control of gene deletion and eliminating the need to treat pregnant mice. Rosa26mTmG reporter recombination can also be achieved regionally by injecting TAT‐Cre into embryonic tissues at the start of culture. This allows greater spatial control over Cre activation than can typically be achieved with endogenous CreERT2, for example by injecting TAT‐Cre on one side of the midline. We hope that our description and application of these techniques will stimulate refinement of experimental methods involving CreERT2 activation for gene deletion and lineage tracing studies. Improved temporal (ex vivo treatment) and spatial (TAT‐Cre injection) control of recombination will also allow previously intractable questions to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Savery
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Eirini Maniou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lucy H Culshaw
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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8
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Blum AP, Nelles DA, Hidalgo FJ, Touve MA, Sim DS, Madrigal AA, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - David A. Nelles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Deborah S. Sim
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - Assael A. Madrigal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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9
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Blum AP, Nelles DA, Hidalgo FJ, Touve MA, Sim DS, Madrigal AA, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15646-15649. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - David A. Nelles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Deborah S. Sim
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - Assael A. Madrigal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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10
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Matsuyama T. Recent developments in terminator technology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:655-661. [PMID: 31324384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically engineered microorganisms that produce useful organic compounds will be helpful for realizing a sustainable society. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has high utility as a metabolic engineering platform because of its high fermentation ability, non-pathogenicity, and ease of handling. When producing yeast strains that produce exogenous compounds, it is a prerequisite to control the expression of exogenous enzyme-encoding genes. Terminator region in a gene expression cassette, as well as promoter region, could be used to improve metabolically engineered yeasts by increasing or decreasing the expression of the target enzyme-encoding genes. The findings on terminators have grown rapidly in the last decade, so an overview of these findings should provide a foothold for new developments.
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11
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Furuhata Y, Sakai A, Murakami T, Morikawa M, Nakamura C, Yoshizumi T, Fujikura U, Nishida K, Kato Y. A method using electroporation for the protein delivery of Cre recombinase into cultured Arabidopsis cells with an intact cell wall. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2163. [PMID: 30770845 PMCID: PMC6377677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome engineering in plants is highly dependent on the availability of effective molecular techniques. Despite vast quantities of research, genome engineering in plants is still limited in terms of gene delivery, which requires the use of infectious bacteria or harsh conditions owing to the difficulty delivering biomaterial into plant cells through the cell wall. Here, we describe a method that uses electroporation-mediated protein delivery into cultured Arabidopsis thaliana cells possessing an intact cell wall, and demonstrate Cre-mediated site-specific recombination. By optimizing conditions for the electric pulse, protein concentration, and electroporation buffer, we were able to achieve efficient and less-toxic protein delivery into Arabidopsis thaliana cells with 83% efficiency despite the cell wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the electroporation-mediated protein delivery of Cre recombinase to achieve nucleic acid-free genome engineering in plant cells possessing an intact cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Furuhata
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakai
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomi Murakami
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Mone Morikawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshizumi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ushio Fujikura
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan.
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12
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RUNX1 promotes cell growth in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by transcriptional regulation of key target genes. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Weiler J, Mohr M, Zänker KS, Dittmar T. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) is involved in the TNF-α-induced fusion of human M13SV1-Cre breast epithelial cells and human MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:14. [PMID: 29636110 PMCID: PMC5894245 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to physiological events such as fertilisation, placentation, osteoclastogenesis, or tissue regeneration/wound healing, cell fusion is involved in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer. Cell fusion, which applies to both the proteins and conditions that induce the merging of two or more cells, is not a fully understood process. Inflammation/pro-inflammatory cytokines might be a positive trigger for cell fusion. Using a Cre-LoxP-based cell fusion assay we demonstrated that the fusion between human M13SV1-Cre breast epithelial cells and human MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cancer cells was induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Methods The gene expression profile of the cells in the presence of TNF-α and under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was analysed by cDNA microarray analysis. cDNA microarray data were verified by qPCR, PCR, Western blot and zymography. Quantification of cell fusion events was determined by flow cytometry. Proteins of interest were either blocked or knocked-down using a specific inhibitor, siRNA or a blocking antibody. Results The data showed an up-regulation of various genes, including claudin-1 (CLDN1), ICAM1, CCL2 and MMP9 in M13SV1-Cre and/or MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cells. Inhibition of these proteins using a blocking ICAM1 antibody, CLDN1 siRNA or an MMP9 inhibitor showed that only the blockage of MMP9 was correlated with a decreased fusion rate of the cells. Likewise, the tetracycline-based antibiotic minocycline, which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, was also effective in both inhibiting the TNF-α-induced MMP9 expression in M13SV1-Cre cells and blocking the TNF-α-induced fusion frequency of human M13SV1-Cre breast epithelial cells and human MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cancer cells. Conclusions The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) is most likely involved in the TNF-α-mediated fusion of human M13SV1-Cre breast epithelial cells and human MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cancer cells. Likewise, our data indicate that the tetracycline-based antibiotic minocycline might exhibit anti-fusogenic properties because it inhibits a cell fusion-related mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0226-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Weiler
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Marieke Mohr
- BioGenes GmbH, Köpenicker Str. 325, 12555, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt S Zänker
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany.
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14
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Applications of genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cell reporters in cardiac stem cell biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:66-73. [PMID: 29579626 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has benefited many fields, from regenerative medicine to disease modeling, with an especially profound effect in cardiac research. Coupled with other novel technologies in genome engineering, hPSCs offer a great opportunity to delineate human cardiac lineages, investigate inherited cardiovascular diseases, and assess the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for generating genetically engineered hPSC reporters and a succinct synopsis of a variety of hPSC reporters, with a particular focus on their applications in cardiac stem cell biology.
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15
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Kang Q, Sun Z, Zou Z, Wang M, Li Q, Hu X, Li N. Cell-penetrating peptide-driven Cre recombination in porcine primary cells and generation of marker-free pigs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190690. [PMID: 29315333 PMCID: PMC5760039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been increasingly used to deliver various molecules, both in vitro and in vivo. However, there are no reports of CPPs being used in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). The increased use of transgenic pigs for basic research and biomedical applications depends on the availability of technologies for efficient genetic-modification of PFFs. Here, we report that three CPPs (CPP5, TAT, and R9) can efficiently deliver active Cre recombinase protein into PFFs via an energy-dependent endocytosis pathway. The three CPP–Cre proteins can enter PFFs and subsequently perform recombination with different efficiencies. The recombination efficacy of CPP5–Cre was found to be nearly 90%. The rate-limiting step for CPP–Cre-mediated recombination was the step of endosome escape. HA2 and chloroquine were found to improve the recombination efficiency of TAT–Cre. Furthermore, we successfully obtained marker-free transgenic pigs using TAT–Cre and CPP5–Cre. We provide a framework for the development of CPP-based farm animal transgenic technologies that would be beneficial to agriculture and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Kang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zou
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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PD-1 is a haploinsufficient suppressor of T cell lymphomagenesis. Nature 2017; 552:121-125. [PMID: 29143824 PMCID: PMC5821214 DOI: 10.1038/nature24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs) represent a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive malignancies with poor clinical outcomes1. T-NHLs originate from peripheral T lymphocytes and are frequently characterized by genetic gain-of-function variants in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signalling molecules1–4. Although these oncogenic alterations are thought to drive TCR pathways to induce chronic proliferation and survival programmes, it remains unclear whether T cells harbour tumour suppressors that can counteract these events. Using a murine model of human T cell lymphoma, we demonstrate that the acute enforcement of oncogenic TCR signalling in lymphocytes drives the strong expansion of these cells in vivo. However, this response is short-lived and robustly counteracted by cell-intrinsic mechanisms. A subsequent genome-wide in vivo screen using T cell-specific transposon mutagenesis identified PDCD1, which encodes the inhibitory receptor Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), as a master gene suppressing oncogenic T cell signalling. Mono- and bi-allelic PDCD1 deletions are also recurrently observed in human T cell lymphomas with frequencies that can exceed 30%, indicating high clinical relevance. Mechanistically, PD-1 activity enhances PTEN levels and attenuates AKT and PKC signalling in pre-malignant cells. In contrast, a homo- or heterozygous deletion of PD-1 allows unrestricted T cell growth after an oncogenic insult and leads to the rapid development of highly aggressive lymphomas in vivo that are readily transplantable to recipients. Altogether, these results indicate that the inhibitory PD-1 receptor is a potent haploinsufficient tumour suppressor in T-NHLs that is frequently altered in human disease. These findings extend the known physiological functions of PD-1 beyond the prevention of immunopathology after antigen-induced T cell activation and have implications for T cell lymphoma therapies and for current strategies that target PD-1 in the broader context of immuno-oncology.
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17
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On-demand optogenetic activation of human stem-cell-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14450. [PMID: 29089561 PMCID: PMC5663899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread application of human stem-cell-derived neurons for functional studies is impeded by complicated differentiation protocols, immaturity, and deficient optogene expression as stem cells frequently lose transgene expression over time. Here we report a simple but precise Cre-loxP-based strategy for generating conditional, and thereby stable, optogenetic human stem-cell lines. These cells can be easily and efficiently differentiated into functional neurons, and optogene expression can be triggered by administering Cre protein to the cultures. This conditional expression system may be applied to stem-cell-derived neurons whenever timed transgene expression could help to overcome silencing at the stem-cell level.
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18
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Abstract
We describe a non-DNA-based system for delivering Cre recombinase protein into maize tissue using gold-plated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Au-MSN). Cre protein is first loaded into the pores of Au-MSNs and then delivered using the biolistic method to immature embryos of a maize line (Lox-corn), which harbors loxP sites flanking a selection and a reporter gene. The release of the Cre recombinase protein inside the plant cell leads to recombination at the loxP sites, eliminating both genes. Visual screening is used to identify recombination events, which can be regenerated to mature and fertile plants. Using the experimental procedures and conditions described here, as high as 20% of bombarded embryos can produce regenerable recombinant callus events. This nanomaterial-mediated, DNA-free methodology has potential to become an effective tool for plant genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Martin-Ortigosa
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
- Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
- KWS SAAT SE, Einbeck, 37555, Germany
| | - Brian G Trewyn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.
- Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.
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19
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Wörsdörfer P, Bosen F, Gebhardt M, Russ N, Zimmermann K, Komla Kessie D, Sekaran T, Egert A, Ergün S, Schorle H, Pfeifer A, Edenhofer F, Willecke K. Abrogation of Gap Junctional Communication in ES Cells Results in a Disruption of Primitive Endoderm Formation in Embryoid Bodies. Stem Cells 2016; 35:859-871. [PMID: 27870307 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been suggested to be involved in early embryonic development but the actual functional role remained elusive. Connexin (Cx) 43 and Cx45 are co-expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells, form gap junctions and are considered to exhibit adhesive function and/or to contribute to the establishment of defined communication compartments. Here, we describe the generation of Cx43/Cx45-double deficient mouse ES cells to achieve almost complete breakdown of GJIC. Cre-loxP induced deletion of both, Cx43 and Cx45, results in a block of differentiation in embryoid bodies (EBs) without affecting pluripotency marker expression and proliferation in ES cells. We demonstrate that GJIC-incompetent ES cells fail to form primitive endoderm in EB cultures, representing the inductive key step of further differentiation events. Lentiviral overexpression of either Cx43 or Cx45 in Cx43/45 mutants rescued the observed phenotype, confirming the specificity and indicating a partially redundant function of both connexins. Upon differentiation GJIC-incompetent ES cells exhibit a strikingly altered subcellular localization pattern of the transcription factor NFATc3. Control EBs exhibit significantly more activated NFATc3 in cellular nuclei than mutant EBs suggesting that Cx-mediated communication is needed for synchronized NFAT activation to induce orchestrated primitive endoderm formation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of NFATc3 activation by Cyclosporin A, a well-described inhibitor of calcineurin, phenocopies the loss of GJIC in control cells. Stem Cells 2017;35:859-871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Martina Gebhardt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Russ
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - David Komla Kessie
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thileepan Sekaran
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Egert
- Department of Developmental Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck (LFUI), Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Safina D, Schlitt F, Romeo R, Pflanzner T, Pietrzik CU, Narayanaswami V, Edenhofer F, Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is a novel modulator of radial glia stem cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Glia 2016; 64:1363-80. [PMID: 27258849 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The LDL family of receptors and its member low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) have classically been associated with a modulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Current studies, however, indicate diverse functions for this receptor in various aspects of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. LRP1 is essential for normal neuronal function in the adult CNS, whereas the role of LRP1 in development remained unclear. Previously, we have observed an upregulation of LewisX (LeX) glycosylated LRP1 in the stem cells of the developing cortex and demonstrated its importance for oligodendrocyte differentiation. In the current study, we show that LeX-glycosylated LRP1 is also expressed in the stem cell compartment of the developing spinal cord and has broader functions in the developing CNS. We have investigated the basic properties of LRP1 conditional knockout on the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from the cortex and the spinal cord, created by means of Cre-loxp-mediated recombination in vitro. The functional status of LRP1-deficient cells has been studied using proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis assays. LRP1 deficient NSPCs from both CNS regions demonstrated altered differentiation profiles. Their differentiation capacity toward oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes and neurons was reduced. In contrast, astrocyte differentiation was promoted. Moreover, LRP1 deletion had a negative effect on NSPCs proliferation and survival. Our observations suggest that LRP1 facilitates NSPCs differentiation via interaction with apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Upon ApoE4 stimulation wild type NSPCs generated more oligodendrocytes, but LRP1 knockout cells showed no response. The effect of ApoE seems to be independent of cholesterol uptake, but is rather mediated by downstream MAPK and Akt activation. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2016;64:1363-1380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Safina
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Frederik Schlitt
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Ramona Romeo
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pflanzner
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 90840
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Wuerzburg, Koellikerstraße 6, Wuerzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
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21
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Nakamura Y, Hashimoto T, Ishii J, Kondo A. Dual-color reporter switching system to discern dimer formations of G-protein-coupled receptors using Cre/loxP
site-specific recombination in yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2178-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Takamichi Hashimoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Jun Ishii
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology; Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
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22
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Abstract
The use of Cre recombinase to carry out conditional mutagenesis of transgenes and insert DNA cassettes into eukaryotic chromosomes is widespread. In addition to the numerous in vivo and in vitro applications that have been reported since Cre was first shown to function in yeast and mammalian cells nearly 30 years ago, the Cre-loxP system has also played an important role in understanding the mechanism of recombination by the tyrosine recombinase family of site-specific recombinases. The simplicity of this system, requiring only a single recombinase enzyme and short recombination sequences for robust activity in a variety of contexts, has been an important factor in both cases. This review discusses advances in the Cre recombinase field that have occurred over the past 12 years since the publication of Mobile DNA II. The focus is on those recent contributions that have provided new mechanistic insights into the reaction. Also discussed are modifications of Cre and/or the loxP sequence that have led to improvements in genome engineering applications.
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23
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Chu VT, Weber T, Graf R, Sommermann T, Petsch K, Sack U, Volchkov P, Rajewsky K, Kühn R. Efficient generation of Rosa26 knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 in C57BL/6 zygotes. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26772810 PMCID: PMC4715285 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CRISPR/Cas9 system is increasingly used for gene inactivation in mouse zygotes, but homology-directed mutagenesis and use of inbred embryos are less established. In particular, Rosa26 knock-in alleles for the insertion of transgenes in a genomic ‘safe harbor’ site, have not been produced. Here we applied CRISPR/Cas9 for the knock-in of 8–11 kb inserts into Rosa26 of C57BL/6 zygotes. Results We found that 10–20 % of live pups derived from microinjected zygotes were founder mutants, without apparent off-target effects, and up to 50 % knock-in embryos were recovered upon coinjection of Cas9 mRNA and protein. Using this approach, we established a new mouse line for the Cre/loxP-dependent expression of Cas9. Conclusions Altogether, our protocols and resources support the fast and direct generation of new Rosa26 knock-in alleles and of Cas9-mediated in vivo gene editing in the widely used C57BL/6 inbred strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0234-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Trung Chu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Timm Weber
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robin Graf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Kerstin Petsch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Sack
- Present Address: Bayer Pharma AG Building S107, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Kaitsuka T, Tomizawa K. Cell-Penetrating Peptide as a Means of Directing the Differentiation of Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26667-76. [PMID: 26561805 PMCID: PMC4661845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein transduction using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is useful for the delivery of large protein molecules, including some transcription factors. This method is safer than gene transfection methods with a viral vector because there is no risk of genomic integration of the exogenous DNA. Recently, this method was reported as a means for the induction of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, directing the differentiation into specific cell types and supporting gene editing/correction. Furthermore, we developed a direct differentiation method to obtain a pancreatic lineage from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells via the protein transduction of three transcription factors, Pdx1, NeuroD, and MafA. Here, we discuss the possibility of using CPPs as a means of directing the differentiation of iPS cells and other stem cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kaitsuka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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25
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Mohr M, Tosun S, Arnold WH, Edenhofer F, Zänker KS, Dittmar T. Quantification of cell fusion events human breast cancer cells and breast epithelial cells using a Cre-LoxP-based double fluorescence reporter system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3769-82. [PMID: 25900663 PMCID: PMC11113140 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The biological phenomenon of cell fusion plays an important role in several physiological processes, like fertilization, placentation, or wound healing/tissue regeneration, as well as pathophysiological processes, such as cancer. Despite this fact, considerably less is still known about the factors and conditions that will induce the merging of two plasma membranes. Inflammation and proliferation has been suggested as a positive trigger for cell fusion, but it remains unclear, which of the factor(s) of the inflamed microenvironment are being involved. To clarify this we developed a reliable assay to quantify the in vitro fusion frequency of cells using a fluorescence double reporter vector (pFDR) containing a LoxP-flanked HcRed/DsRed expression cassette followed by an EGFP expression cassette. Because cell fusion has been implicated in cancer progression four human breast cancer cell lines were stably transfected with a pFDR vector and were co-cultured with the stably Cre-expressing human breast epithelial cell line. Cell fusion is associated with a Cre-mediated recombination resulting in induction of EGFP expression in hybrid cells, which can be quantified by flow cytometry. By testing a panel of different cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and other compounds, including exosomes, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions our data indicate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α together with hypoxia is a strong inducer of cell fusion in human MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Mohr
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Songül Tosun
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kurt S Zänker
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany.
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26
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Cernilogar FM, Di Giaimo R, Rehfeld F, Cappello S, Lie DC. RNA interference machinery-mediated gene regulation in mouse adult neural stem cells. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:60. [PMID: 26386671 PMCID: PMC4575781 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurogenesis in the brain of adult mammals occurs throughout life in two locations: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. RNA interference mechanisms have emerged as critical regulators of neuronal differentiation. However, to date, little is known about its function in adult neurogenesis. Results Here we show that the RNA interference machinery regulates Doublecortin levels and is associated with chromatin in differentiating adult neural progenitors. Deletion of Dicer causes abnormal higher levels of Doublecortin. The microRNA pathway plays an important role in Doublecortin regulation. In particular miRNA-128 overexpression can reduce Doublecortin levels in differentiating adult neural progenitors. Conclusions We conclude that the RNA interference components play an important role, even through chromatin association, in regulating neuron-specific gene expression programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-015-0198-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M Cernilogar
- Research Group Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Stem Cells, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Frederick Rehfeld
- Research Group Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Stem Cells, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Research Group Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Stem Cells, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Chien WM, Liu Y, Chin MT. Genomic DNA recombination with cell-penetrating peptide-tagged cre protein in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle. Genesis 2014; 52:695-701. [PMID: 24753043 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP recombination system has been used to promote DNA recombination both in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo delivery, Cre expression is commonly achieved through the use of tissue/cell type-specific promoters, viral infection, or drug inducible transcription and protein translocation to promote targeted DNA excision. The development of cell permeable (or penetrating) peptide tagged proteins has facilitated the delivery of Cre recombinase protein into cells in culture, organotypic slide culture, or in living animals. In this report, we generated bacterially expressed, his-tagged Cre protein with either a cardiac targeting peptide or an antennapedia peptide at the C-terminus and demonstrated efficient uptake and recombination in both cell culture and mice. To facilitate delivery to cardiac and skeletal muscle, we mixed proteins with pluronic F-127 hydrogel and delivered Cre protein into reporter Rosa26mTmG mouse skeletal muscle or Rosa26LacZ cardiac muscle via ultrasound guided injection. Activation of reporter gene expression indicated that these Cre proteins were enzymatically active. Recombination events were detected only in the vicinity of injection areas. In conclusion, we have developed a method to deliver enzymatically active Cre protein locally to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that may be adapted for use with other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Kadari A, Lu M, Li M, Sekaran T, Thummer RP, Guyette N, Chu V, Edenhofer F. Excision of viral reprogramming cassettes by Cre protein transduction enables rapid, robust and efficient derivation of transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:47. [PMID: 24713299 PMCID: PMC4055111 DOI: 10.1186/scrt435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating viruses represent robust tools for cellular reprogramming; however, the presence of viral transgenes in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is deleterious because it holds the risk of insertional mutagenesis leading to malignant transformation. Here, we combine the robustness of lentiviral reprogramming with the efficacy of Cre recombinase protein transduction to derive iPSCs devoid of transgenes. By genome-wide analysis and targeted differentiation towards the cardiomyocyte lineage, we show that transgene-free iPSCs are superior to iPSCs before Cre transduction. Our study provides a simple, rapid and robust protocol for the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs suitable for disease modeling, tissue engineering and cell replacement therapies.
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Harreither E, Rydberg HA, Amand HL, Jadhav V, Fliedl L, Benda C, Esteban MA, Pei D, Borth N, Grillari-Voglauer R, Hommerding O, Edenhofer F, Nordén B, Grillari J. Characterization of a novel cell penetrating peptide derived from human Oct4. CELL REGENERATION 2014; 3:2. [PMID: 25408881 PMCID: PMC4230757 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Oct4 is a transcription factor that plays a major role for the preservation of the pluripotent state in embryonic stem cells as well as for efficient reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) or other progenitors. Protein-based reprogramming methods mainly rely on the addition of a fused cell penetrating peptide. This study describes that Oct4 inherently carries a protein transduction domain, which can translocate into human and mouse cells. Results A 16 amino acid peptide representing the third helix of the human Oct4 homeodomain, referred to as Oct4 protein transduction domain (Oct4-PTD), can internalize in mammalian cells upon conjugation to a fluorescence moiety thereby acting as a cell penetrating peptide (CPP). The cellular distribution of Oct4-PTD shows diffuse cytosolic and nuclear staining, whereas penetratin is strictly localized to a punctuate pattern in the cytoplasm. By using a Cre/loxP-based reporter system, we show that this peptide also drives translocation of a functionally active Oct4-PTD-Cre-fusion protein. We further provide evidence for translocation of full length Oct4 into human and mouse cell lines without the addition of any kind of cationic fusion tag. Finally, physico-chemical properties of the novel CPP are characterized, showing that in contrast to penetratin a helical structure of Oct4-PTD is only observed if the FITC label is present on the N-terminus of the peptide. Conclusions Oct4 is a key transcription factor in stem cell research and cellular reprogramming. Since it has been shown that recombinant Oct4 fused to a cationic fusion tag can drive generation of iPSCs, our finding might contribute to further development of protein-based methods to generate iPSCs. Moreover, our data support the idea that transcription factors might be part of an alternative paracrine signalling pathway, where the proteins are transferred to neighbouring cells thereby actively changing the behaviour of the recipient cell. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/2045-9769-3-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harreither
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna A Rydberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helene L Amand
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Fliedl
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Benda
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria ; ACIB GmbH, Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Grillari-Voglauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria ; Evercyte GmbH, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria ; ACIB GmbH, Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Hommerding
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn - Life & Brain Center and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn - Life & Brain Center and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany ; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bengt Nordén
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria ; Evercyte GmbH, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Stem cell reprogramming: generation of patient-specific stem cells by somatic cell nuclear reprogramming. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2013; 5:e105-48. [PMID: 24125543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Haupt S, Grützner J, Thier MC, Kallweit T, Rath BH, Laufenberg I, Forgber M, Eberhardt J, Edenhofer F, Brüstle O. Automated selection and harvesting of pluripotent stem cell colonies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 59:77-87. [PMID: 23586788 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into specialized cells of all three germ layers, their capability to self-renew, and their amenability to genetic modification provide fascinating prospects for the generation of cell lines for biomedical applications. Therefore, stem cells must increasingly suffice in terms of industrial standards, and automation of critical or time-consuming steps becomes a fundamental prerequisite for their routine application. Cumbersome manual picking of individual stem cell colonies still represents the most frequently used method for passaging or derivation of clonal stem cell lines. Here, we explore an automated harvesting system (CellCelector™) for detection, isolation, and propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Automatically transferred hESC colonies maintained their specific biological characteristics even after repeated passaging. We also selected and harvested primary iPSCs derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the Oct4 promotor using either morphological criteria or GFP fluorescence. About 80% of the selected and harvested primary iPSC colonies gave rise to homogenously GFP-expressing iPSC lines. To validate the iPSC lines, we analyzed the expression of pluripotency-associated markers and multi-germ layer differentiation potential in vitro. Our data indicate that the CellCelector™ technology enables efficient identification and isolation of pluripotent stem cell colonies at the phase contrast or fluorescence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Haupt
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Tong Q, Liu X, Su F, Quan F, Guo Z, Zhang Y. A site-specific recombinase-based method to produce antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62457. [PMID: 23658729 PMCID: PMC3641042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic selectable marker genes have been widely used to generate transgenic animals. Once transgenic animals have been obtained, the selectable marker is no longer necessary but raises public concerns regarding biological safety. The aim of this study was to prepare competent antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). PhiC31 intergrase was used to insert a transgene cassette into a "safe harbor" in the bovine genome. Then, Cre recombinase was employed to excise the selectable marker under the monitoring of a fluorescent double reporter. By visually tracking the phenotypic switch from red to green fluorescence, antibiotic selectable marker free cells were easily detected and sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. For safety, we used phiC31 mRNA and cell-permeant Cre protein in this study. When used as donor nuclei for SCNT, these safe harbor integrated marker-free transgenic cells supported a similar developmental competence of SCNT embryos compared with that of non-transgenic cells. After embryo transfer, antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic cattle were generated and anti-bacterial recombinant human β-defensin-3 in milk was detected during their lactation period. Thus, this approach offers a rapid and safe alternative to produce antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic farm animals, thereby making it a valuable tool to promote the healthy development and welfare of transgenic farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Hennen E, Safina D, Haussmann U, Wörsdörfer P, Edenhofer F, Poetsch A, Faissner A. A LewisX glycoprotein screen identifies the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a modulator of oligodendrogenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16538-16545. [PMID: 23615909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing and adult CNS multipotent neural stem cells reside in distinct niches. Specific carbohydrates and glycoproteins are expressed in these niche microenvironments which are important regulators of stem cell maintenance and differentiation fate. LewisX (LeX), also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 or CD15, is a defined carbohydrate moiety expressed in niche microenvironments of the developing and adult CNS. LeX-glycans are involved in stem cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. A few LeX carrier proteins are known, but a systematic analysis of the targets of LeX glycosylation in vivo has not been performed so far. Using LeX glycosylation as a biomarker we aimed to discover new glycoproteins with a potential functional relevance for CNS development. By immunoaffinity chromatography we enriched LeX glycoproteins from embryonic and postnatal mouse brains and used one-dimensional nLC-ESI-MS/MS for their identification. We could validate phosphacan, tenascin-C, and L1-CAM as major LeX carrier proteins present in vivo. Furthermore, we identified LRP1, a member of the LDL receptor family, as a new LeX carrier protein expressed by mouse neural stem cells. Surprisingly, little is known about LRP1 function for neural stem cells. Thus, we generated Lrp1 knock-out neural stem cells by Cre-mediated recombination and investigated their properties. Here, we provide first evidence that LRP1 is necessary for the differentiation of neural stem cells toward oligodendrocytes. However, this function is independent of LeX glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hennen
- Departments of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dina Safina
- Departments of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Haussmann
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn-Life and Brain Center, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn-Life and Brain Center, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Departments of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Non-genetic modulation of Notch activity by artificial delivery of Notch intracellular domain into neural stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:672-84. [PMID: 22290418 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have become a major focus of scientific interest as a potential source of somatic cell types for biomedical applications. Understanding and controlling the elicitors and mechanisms in differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived somatic cell types remains a key challenge. The major types of molecular processes that control cellular differentiation involve evolutionary conserved cell signaling pathways. Notch receptors participate in a wide variety of biological processes, including cell fate decisions of stem cells. This study explores the potential of protein transduction to directly deliver recombinant Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD) into mammalian cells in order to accomplish transgene-free Notch activation. We engineered a cell-permeant version of NICD and explored its function on mouse and human neural stem cells. We show that NICD transduction modulates known direct and indirect Notch target genes and antagonizes the DAPT-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling on the transcriptional level. Moreover, NICD enhances cell proliferation accompanied by increased cyclin D1 and decreased p27 protein levels. In the absence of growth factors NICD strongly impairs neuronal differentiation while being insufficient to keep cells in a proliferative state. Furthermore, our studies depict NICD protein transduction as a novel tool for a time and dose-dependent non-genetic modulation of Notch signaling to decipher its cellular functions.
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Targeted genomic integration of a selectable floxed dual fluorescence reporter in human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46971. [PMID: 23071682 PMCID: PMC3468579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells involves transition through a series of specific cell states. To understand these cell fate decisions, the field needs improved genetic tools for the labeling, lineage tracing and selection of specific cell types from heterogeneous differentiating populations, particularly in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) system. We used zinc finger nuclease technology to stably insert a unique, selectable, floxed dual-fluorescence reporter transgene into the AAVS1 locus of RUES2 hESCs. This "stoplight" transgene, mTmG-2a-Puro, strongly expresses membrane-localized tdTomato red fluorescent protein until Cre-dependent recombination causes a switch to expression of membrane-localized enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and puromycin resistance. First, to validate this system in undifferentiated cells, we transduced transgenic hESCs with a lentiviral vector driving constitutive expression of Cre and observed the expected phenotypic switch. Next, to demonstrate its utility in lineage-specific selection, we transduced differentiated cultures with a lentiviral vector in which the striated muscle-specific CK7 promoter drives Cre expression. This yielded near-homogenous populations of eGFP(+) hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. The mTmg-2a-Puro hESC line described here represents a useful new tool for both in vitro fate mapping studies and the selection of useful differentiated cell types.
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Yamanishi M, Matsuyama T. A modified Cre-lox genetic switch to dynamically control metabolic flow in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2012; 1:172-80. [PMID: 23651155 DOI: 10.1021/sb200017p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of metabolic flow is a prerequisite for efficient chemical production in transgenic microorganisms. Exogenous genes required for the biosynthesis of target chemicals are expressed under strong promoters, while the endogenous genes of the original metabolic pathway are repressed by disruption or mutation. These genetic manipulations occasionally cause harmful effects to the host. In the lactate-producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where endogenous pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is disrupted and exogenous lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is introduced, PDC deletion is extremely detrimental to cell growth but is required for efficient production of lactate. A suitable means to dynamically control the metabolic flow from ethanol fermentation during the growth phase to lactate fermentation during the production phase is needed. Here, we demonstrated that this flow can be controlled by the exclusive expression of PDC and LDH with a Cre-lox genetic switch. This switch was evaluated with a gene cassette that encoded two different fluorescence proteins and enabled changes in genotype and phenotype within 2 and 10 h, respectively. Transgenic yeast harboring this switch and the PDC-LDH cassette showed a specific growth rate (0.45 h (-1)) that was almost the same as that of wild-type (0.47 h (-1)). Upon induction of the genetic switch, the transgenic yeast produced lactate from up to 85.4% of the glucose substrate, while 91.7% of glucose went to ethanol before induction. We thus propose a "metabolic shift" concept that can serve as an alternative means to obtain gene products that are currently difficult to obtain by using conventional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Yamanishi
- Toyota Central Research and Development
Laboratories,
Inc., 41-1 Nagakute Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuyama
- Toyota Central Research and Development
Laboratories,
Inc., 41-1 Nagakute Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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Ramachandra CJA, Shahbazi M, Kwang TWX, Choudhury Y, Bak XY, Yang J, Wang S. Efficient recombinase-mediated cassette exchange at the AAVS1 locus in human embryonic stem cells using baculoviral vectors. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e107. [PMID: 21685448 PMCID: PMC3167641 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion of a transgene into a defined genomic locus in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is crucial in preventing random integration-induced insertional mutagenesis, and can possibly enable persistent transgene expression during hESC expansion and in their differentiated progenies. Here, we employed homologous recombination in hESCs to introduce heterospecific loxP sites into the AAVS1 locus, a site with an open chromatin structure that allows averting transgene silencing phenomena. We then performed Cre recombinase mediated cassette exchange using baculoviral vectors to insert a transgene into the modified AAVS1 locus. Targeting efficiency in the master hESC line with the loxP-docking sites was up to 100%. Expression of the inserted transgene lasted for at least 20 passages during hESC expansion and was retained in differentiated cells derived from the genetically modified hESCs. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of genetic manipulation at the AAVS1 locus with homologous recombination and using viral transduction in hESCs to facilitate recombinase-mediated cassette exchange. The method developed will be useful for repeated gene targeting at a defined locus of the hESC genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Maury JJP, Choo ABH, Chan KKK. Technical advances to genetically engineering human embryonic stem cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:717-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Jean Pierre Maury
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668. Fax: (65) 64789561; Tel: (65) 64070898
| | - Andre Boon-Hwa Choo
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668. Fax: (65) 64789561; Tel: (65) 64070898
| | - Ken Kwok-Keung Chan
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668. Fax: (65) 64789561; Tel: (65) 64070898
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Endothelial and macrophage-specific deficiency of P38α MAPK does not affect the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21055. [PMID: 21695272 PMCID: PMC3111465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) regulates stress- and inflammation-induced cellular responses. Factors implicated in the development of atherosclerosis including modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cytokines and even shear stress induce p38 activation in endothelial cells and macrophages, which may be important for plaque formation. This study investigates the effects of endothelial- and macrophage-specific deficiency of p38α in atherosclerosis development, in Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Methodology/Principal Findings ApoE−/− mice with macrophage or endothelial cell-specific p38α deficiency were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 weeks and atherosclerosis development was assessed by histological and molecular methods. Surprisingly, although p38α-deficiency strongly attenuated oxidized LDL-induced expression of molecules responsible for monocyte recruitment in endothelial cell cultures in vitro, endothelial-specific p38α ablation in vivo did not affect atherosclerosis development. Similarly, macrophage specific deletion of p38α did not affect atherosclerotic plaque development in ApoE−/− mice. Conclusions Although previous studies implicated p38α signaling in atherosclerosis, our in vivo experiments suggest that p38α function in endothelial cells and macrophages does not play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE deficient mice.
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Torres R, García A, Payá M, Ramirez JC. Non-integrative lentivirus drives high-frequency cre-mediated cassette exchange in human cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19794. [PMID: 21625434 PMCID: PMC3100306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) is a two-step process leading to genetic modification in a specific genomic target sequence. The process involves insertion of a docking genetic cassette in the genome followed by DNA transfer of a second cassette flanked by compatible recombination signals and expression of the recombinase. Major technical drawbacks are cell viability upon transfection, toxicity of the enzyme, and the ability to target efficiently cell types of different origins. To overcome such drawbacks, we developed an RMCE assay that uses an integrase-deficient lentivirus (IDLV) vector in the second step combined with promoterless trapping of double selectable markers. Additionally, recombinase expression is self-limiting as a result of the exchangeable reaction, thus avoiding toxicity. Our approach provides proof-of-principle of a simple and novel strategy with expected wide applicability modelled on a human cell line with randomly integrated copies of a genetic landing pad. This strategy does not present foreseeable limitations for application to other cell systems modified by homologous recombination. Safety, efficiency, and simplicity are the major advantages of our system, which can be applied in low-to-medium throughput strategies for screening of cDNAs, non-coding RNAs during functional genomic studies, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Torres
- Viral Vector Technical Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida García
- Viral Vector Technical Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Payá
- Viral Vector Technical Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Ramirez
- Viral Vector Technical Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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42
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Genetic engineering of mammalian cells by direct delivery of FLP recombinase protein. Methods 2011; 53:386-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Michel G, Yu Y, Chang T, Yee JK. Site-specific gene insertion mediated by a Cre-loxP-carrying lentiviral vector. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1814-21. [PMID: 20628360 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral vectors have been used to treat patients with the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease and chronic granulomatous disease. In both cases, success has been undermined by clonal expansion of transduced cells in some patients due to insertional mutagenesis induced by random vector integration. This outcome underscores the importance of designing vectors for site-specific gene insertion to avoid unanticipated gene disruption or gene activation. In the present study, we incorporated the sequence-specific Cre protein into lentiviral virions. We demonstrated that the virion-associated Cre protein remained enzymatically active and was capable of directing site-specific insertion of a gene in the vector into a defined loxP site in the host genome. As there are loxP-like sequences throughout human genome that can be recognized by either wild-type Cre or Cre variants, our study demonstrates a new strategy of designing lentiviral-based vector for gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Michel
- Department of Virology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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44
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Stock K, Nolden L, Edenhofer F, Quandel T, Brüstle O. Transcription factor-based modulation of neural stem cell differentiation using direct protein transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2439-49. [PMID: 20352468 PMCID: PMC2889284 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to conventional gene transfer strategies, the direct introduction of recombinant proteins into cells bypasses the risk of insertional mutagenesis and offers an alternative to genetic intervention. Here, we explore whether protein transduction of the gliogenic transcription factor Nkx2.2 can be used to promote oligodendroglial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived neural stem cells (NSC). To that end, a recombinant cell-permeant form of Nkx2.2 protein was generated. Exposure of ESC-derived NSC to the recombinant protein and initiation of differentiation resulted in a two-fold increase in the number of oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, Nkx2.2-transduced cells exhibited a more mature oligodendroglial phenotype. Comparative viral gene transfer studies showed that the biological effect of Nkx2.2 protein transduction is comparable to that obtained by lentiviral transduction. The results of this proof-of-concept study depict direct intracellular delivery of transcription factors as alternative modality to control lineage differentiation in NSC cultures without genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stock
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Nolden
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tamara Quandel
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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45
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Buchholz F, Hauber J. In vitro evolution and analysis of HIV-1 LTR-specific recombinases. Methods 2010; 53:102-9. [PMID: 20600935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antiretroviral therapies would greatly benefit from the concurrent removal of integrated HIV-1 proviral DNA from the patient's cells. In this review, we describe an experimental strategy that allowed the engineering and functional analysis of a HIV-1 LTR-specific recombinase (Tre-recombinase). We furthermore provide protocols that are utilized for the investigation of Tre's antiretroviral activity in infected tissue cultures as well as in infected humanized Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Buchholz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Nieminen M, Tuuri T, Savilahti H. Genetic recombination pathways and their application for genome modification of human embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2578-86. [PMID: 20542027 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells derived from early human embryo and retain a potential to differentiate into all adult cell types. They provide vast opportunities in cell replacement therapies and are expected to become significant tools in drug discovery as well as in the studies of cellular and developmental functions of human genes. The progress in applying different types of DNA recombination reactions for genome modification in a variety of eukaryotic cell types has provided means to utilize recombination-based strategies also in human embryonic stem cells. Homologous recombination-based methods, particularly those utilizing extended homologous regions and those employing zinc finger nucleases to boost genomic integration, have shown their usefulness in efficient genome modification. Site-specific recombination systems are potent genome modifiers, and they can be used to integrate DNA into loci that contain an appropriate recombination signal sequence, either naturally occurring or suitably pre-engineered. Non-homologous recombination can be used to generate random integrations in genomes relatively effortlessly, albeit with a moderate efficiency and precision. DNA transposition-based strategies offer substantially more efficient random strategies and provide means to generate single-copy insertions, thus potentiating the generation of genome-wide insertion libraries applicable in genetic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nieminen
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Dhara SK, Gerwe BA, Majumder A, Dodla MC, Boyd NL, Machacek DW, Hasneen K, Stice SL. Genetic manipulation of neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3621-34. [PMID: 19795983 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (NP) present an important tool for understanding human development and disease. Optimal utilization of NP cells, however, requires an enhanced ability to monitor these cells in vitro and in vivo. Here we report production of the first genetically modified self-renewing human embryonic stem cell-derived NP cells that express fluorescent proteins under constitutive as well as lineage-specific promoters, enabling tracking and monitoring of cell fate. Nucleofection, transfection, and lentiviral transduction were compared for optimal gene delivery to NP cells. Transduction was most efficient in terms of transgene expression (37%), cell viability (39%), and long-term reporter expression (>3 months). Further, the constitutive gene promoters, cytomegalovirus, elongation factor 1alpha, and ubiquitin-C, exhibited comparable silencing (20-30%) in NP cells over a 2-month period, suggesting their suitability for long-term reporter expression studies. Transduced NP cells maintained their progenitor state and differentiation potential, as demonstrated by expression of endogenous NP markers and neuronal markers after differentiation. We also detected reporter expression in astrocytes generated from NP cells transduced with an astrocyte-specific gene promoter, glial fibrillary acidic protein, demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. The genetically manipulated NP cells described here offer great potential for live cell-tracking experiments, and a similar approach can as well be used for expression of proteins other than reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy K Dhara
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Xue H, Wu S, Papadeas ST, Spusta S, Swistowska AM, MacArthur CC, Mattson MP, Maragakis NJ, Capecchi MR, Rao MS, Zeng X, Liu Y. A targeted neuroglial reporter line generated by homologous recombination in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2010; 27:1836-46. [PMID: 19544414 DOI: 10.1002/stem.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we targeted Olig2, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays an important role in motoneuron and oligodendrocyte development, in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line BG01 by homologous recombination. One allele of Olig2 locus was replaced by a green fluorescent protein (GFP) cassette with a targeting efficiency of 5.7%. Targeted clone R-Olig2 (like the other clones) retained pluripotency, typical hESC morphology, and a normal parental karyotype 46,XY. Most importantly, GFP expression recapitulated endogenous Olig2 expression when R-Olig2 was induced by sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid, and GFP-positive cells could be purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Consistent with previous reports on rodents, early GFP-expressing cells appeared biased to a neuronal fate, whereas late GFP-expressing cells appeared biased to an oligodendrocytic fate. This was corroborated by myoblast coculture, transplantation into the rat spinal cords, and whole genome expression profiling. The present work reports an hESC reporter line generated by homologous recombination targeting a neural lineage-specific gene, which can be differentiated and sorted to obtain pure neural progenitor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Xue
- Primary and Stem Cell Systems, Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA
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Davis RP, Grandela C, Sourris K, Hatzistavrou T, Dottori M, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG, Costa M. Generation of human embryonic stem cell reporter knock-in lines by homologous recombination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; Chapter 5:Unit 5B.1 1.1-34. [PMID: 19885825 DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc05b01s11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes a series of technical procedures to form clonal human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines that are genetically modified by homologous recombination. To develop a reporter knock-in hESC line, a vector is configured to contain a reporter gene adjacent to a positive selection cassette. These core elements are flanked by homologous sequences that, following electroporation into hESCs, promote the integration of the vector into the appropriate genomic locus. The positive selection cassette facilitates the enrichment and isolation of genetically modified hESC colonies that are then screened by PCR to identify correctly targeted lines. The selection cassette, flanked by loxP sites, is subsequently excised from the positively targeted hESCs via the transient expression of Cre recombinase. This is necessary because the continued presence of the cassette may interfere with the regulation of the reporter or neighboring genes. Finally, these genetically modified hESCs are clonally isolated using single-cell deposition flow cytometry. Reporter knock-in hESC lines are valuable tools that allow easy and rapid identification and isolation of specific hESC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Davis
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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50
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Abstract
The protein transduction technique enables the direct delivery of biologically active material into mammalian cells [for review see 1,2]. For this one can make use of the translocating ability of so-called cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), also designated as protein transduction domains (PTDs). The TAT-CPP derived from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat (trans-activator of transcription) protein has been widely used. The positively charged TAT promotes cell permeability thereby overcoming the barriers of the cellular membrane by endocytosis or/and direct membrane penetration2. In combination with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) fusion proteins are able to enter the nucleus exhibiting functionality. Our video presentation demonstrates, as an exemplification for the engineering of cell-permeable proteins, the construction, production and application of a cell-permeable version of the DNA-modifying enzyme Cre. Cre is a site-specific recombinase that is able to recognize and recombine 34 base pair loxP sites in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore the Cre/loxP system is widely used to conditionally induce mutations in the genome of living cells3,4. The delivery of active Cre recombinase to cells, however, represents a limitation. We describe the pSESAME vector system, which allows a direct insertion of the gene-of-interest and provides a platform to rapidly clone different domains and tags used within the vector in a convenient and standardized manner. Rearranging of the different tags has been shown to modify the biochemical properties of the fusion proteins providing a possibility to achieve higher yield and better solubility. We demonstrate how to express and purify recombinant cell-permeant proteins in and from E. coli. The functionality of the recombinant Cre protein is finally validated in cell culture by assessing its intracellular recombinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Münst
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn - Life & Brain Center and Hertie Foundation
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