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Zubizarreta Casalengua E, Laussy FP, Del Valle E. Two photons everywhere. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230315. [PMID: 39246084 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
We discuss two-photon physics, taking for illustration the particular but topical case of resonance fluorescence. We show that the basic concepts of interferences and correlations provide at the two-photon level an independent and drastically different picture than at the one-photon level, with landscapes of correlations that reveal various processes by spanning over all the possible frequencies at which the system can emit. Such landscapes typically present lines of photon bunching and circles of antibunching. The theoretical edifice to account for these features rests on two pillars: (i) a theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and (ii) admixing classical and quantum fields. While experimental efforts have been to date concentrated on correlations between spectral peaks, strong correlations exist between photons emitted away from the peaks, which are accessible only through multi-photon observables. These could be exploited for both fundamental understanding of quantum-optical processes as well as applications by harnessing these unsuspected resources. This article is part of the theme issue 'Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zubizarreta Casalengua
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Computation, Information and Technology and MCQST, Technische Universität München , Garching 85748, Germany
| | - F P Laussy
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC , Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - E Del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada e IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München , Garching 85748, Germany
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2
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Bin Q, Jing H, Wu Y, Nori F, Lü XY. Nonreciprocal Bundle Emissions of Quantum Entangled Pairs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:043601. [PMID: 39121413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Realizing precise control over multiquanta emission is crucial for quantum information processing, especially when integrated with advanced techniques of manipulating quantum states. Here, by spinning the resonator to induce the Sagnac effect, we can obtain nonreciprocal photon-phonon and photon-magnon super-Rabi oscillations under conditions of optically driving resonance transitions. Opening dissipative channels for such super-Rabi oscillations enables the realization of directional bundle emissions of entangled photon-phonon pairs and photon-magnon pairs by transferring the pure multiquanta state to a bundled multiquanta outside of the system. This nonreciprocal emission is a flexible switch that can be controlled with precision, and simultaneous emissions of different entangled pairs (such as photon-phonon or photon-magnon pairs) can even emerge but in opposite directions by driving the resonator from different directions. This ability to flexibly manipulate the system allows us to achieve directional entangled multiquanta emitters, and has also potential applications for building hybrid quantum networks and on-chip quantum communications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | | | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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3
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Li X, Chen L, Mao D, Li J, Xie W, Dong H, Zhang L. Low-threshold cavity-enhanced superfluorescence in polyhedral quantum dot superparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3220-3228. [PMID: 38868834 PMCID: PMC11166106 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Due to the unique and excellent optical performance and promising prospect for various photonics applications, cavity-enhanced superfluorescence (CESF) in perovskite quantum dot assembled superstructures has garnered wide attention. However, the stringent requirements and high threshold for achieving CESF limit its further development and application. The high threshold of CESF in quantum dot superstructures is mainly attributed to the low radiation recombination rate of the quantum dot and the unsatisfactory light field limiting the ability of the assembled superstructures originating from low controllability of self-assembly. Herein, we propose a strategy to reduce the threshold of CESF in quantum dot superstructure microcavities from two aspects: facet engineering optimization of quantum dot blocks and controllability improvement of the assembly method. We introduce dodecahedral quantum dots with lower nonradiative recombination, substituting frequently used cubic quantum dots as assembly blocks. Besides, we adopt the micro-emulsion droplet assembly method to obtain spherical perovskite quantum dot superparticles with high packing factors and orderly internal arrangements, which are more controllable and efficient than the conventional solvent-drying methods. Based on the dodecahedral quantum dot superparticles, we realized low-threshold CESF (Pth = 15.6 μJ cm-2). Our work provides a practical and scalable avenue for realizing low threshold CESF in quantum dot assembled superstructure systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Danqun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jingzhou Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District Hangzhou 310024 China
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4
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Zuo Y, Jiao YF, Xu XW, Miranowicz A, Kuang LM, Jing H. Chiral photon blockade in the spinning Kerr resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:22020-22030. [PMID: 38859542 DOI: 10.1364/oe.524680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We propose how to achieve chiral photon blockade by spinning a nonlinear optical resonator. We show that by driving such a device at a fixed direction, completely different quantum effects can emerge for the counter-propagating optical modes, due to the spinning-induced breaking of time-reversal symmetry, which otherwise is unattainable for the same device in the static regime. Also, we find that in comparison with the static case, robust non-classical correlations against random backscattering losses can be achieved for such a quantum chiral system. Our work, extending previous works on the spontaneous breaking of optical chiral symmetry from the classical to purely quantum regimes, can stimulate more efforts towards making and utilizing various chiral quantum effects, including applications for chiral quantum networks or noise-tolerant quantum sensors.
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Boos K, Kim SK, Bracht T, Sbresny F, Kaspari JM, Cygorek M, Riedl H, Bopp FW, Rauhaus W, Calcagno C, Finley JJ, Reiter DE, Müller K. Signatures of Dynamically Dressed States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053602. [PMID: 38364136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of a resonant light field with a quantum two-level system is of key interest both for fundamental quantum optics and quantum technological applications employing resonant excitation. While emission under resonant continuous-wave excitation has been well studied, the more complex emission spectrum of dynamically dressed states-a quantum two-level system driven by resonant pulsed excitation-has so far been investigated in detail only theoretically. Here, we present the first experimental observation of the complete resonance fluorescence emission spectrum of a single quantum two-level system, in the form of an excitonic transition in a semiconductor quantum dot, driven by finite Gaussian pulses. We observe multiple emerging sidebands as predicted by theory, with an increase of their number and spectral detuning with excitation pulse intensity and a dependence of their spectral shape and intensity on the pulse length. Detuning-dependent measurements provide additional insights into the emission features. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations of the emission spectra, corroborating our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Boos
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bracht
- Condensed Matter Theory, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan M Kaspari
- Condensed Matter Theory, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Moritz Cygorek
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Hubert Riedl
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Natural Sciences, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frederik W Bopp
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Natural Sciences, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - William Rauhaus
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carolin Calcagno
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Natural Sciences, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Doris E Reiter
- Condensed Matter Theory, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Nguyen L, Sloan J, Rivera N, Soljačić M. Intense Squeezed Light from Lasers with Sharply Nonlinear Gain at Optical Frequencies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:173801. [PMID: 37955495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.173801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonclassical states of light, such as number-squeezed light, with fluctuations below the classical shot noise level, have important uses in metrology, communication, quantum information processing, and quantum simulation. However, generating these nonclassical states of light, especially with high intensity and a high degree of squeezing, is challenging. To address this problem, we introduce a new concept which uses gain to generate intense sub-Poissonian light at optical frequencies. It exploits a strongly nonlinear gain for photons which arises from a combination of frequency-dependent gain and Kerr nonlinearity. In this laser architecture, the interaction between the gain medium and Kerr nonlinearity suppresses the spontaneous emission at high photon number states, leading to a strong "negative feedback" that suppresses photon-number fluctuations. We discuss realistic implementations of this concept based on the use of solid-state gain media in laser cavities with Kerr nonlinear materials, showing how 90% squeezing of photon number fluctuations below the shot noise level can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jamison Sloan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Jiang SY, Zou F, Wang Y, Huang JF, Xu XW, Liao JQ. Multiple-photon bundle emission in the n-photon Jaynes-Cummings model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:15697-15711. [PMID: 37157664 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the multiple-photon bundle emission in the n-photon Jaynes-Cummings model composed of a two-level system coupled to a single-mode optical field via the n-photon exciting process. Here, the two-level system is strongly driven by a near-resonant monochromatic field, and hence the system can work in the Mollow regime, in which a super-Rabi oscillation between the zero-photon state and the n-photon state can take place under proper resonant conditions. We calculate the photon number populations and the standard equal-time high-order correlation functions, and find that the multiple-photon bundle emission can occur in this system. The multiple-photon bundle emission is also confirmed by investigating the quantum trajectories of the state populations and both the standard and generalized time-delay second-order correlation functions for multiple-photon bundle. Our work paves the way towards the study of multiple-photon quantum coherent devices, with potential application in quantum information sciences and technologies.
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Tang J. Quantum switching between nonclassical correlated single photons and two-photon bundles in a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12471-12486. [PMID: 37157406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model for a single atom inside an optical cavity. It is shown that the interplay of a laser detuning and atom (cavity) pump (driven) field gives rise to the strong single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling. With the cavity driven field, strong photon blockade occurs in the weak coupling regime, and switching between single photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling at two-photon resonance are achievable via increasing the driven strength. By turning on the atom pump field, quantum switching between two-photon bundles and photon-induced tunneling at four-photon resonance are realized. More interestingly, the high-quality quantum switching between single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling at three-photon resonance is achieved with combining the atom pump and cavity driven fields simultaneously. In contrast to the standard two-level Jaynes-Cummings model, our scheme with generating a two-photon (multi-photon) Jaynes-Cummings model reveals a prominent strategy to engineer a series of special nonclassical quantum states, which may pave the way for investigating basic quantum devices to implement in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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Ren Y, Duan Z, Fan B, Guan S, Xie M, Liu C. Antibunched single-photon/photon-pair emission with coupled Jaynes-Cummings model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21787-21796. [PMID: 36224891 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a coupled Jaynes-Cummings model for the preparation of strong antibunched single photons and antibunched correlated photon pairs. Using the effective Hamiltonian method, we obtained the expression for the correlation function and then presented the optimal conditions for conventional/unconventional photon blockade. The results showed that on one hand, an intersection point exists between conventional photon blockade and unconventional photon blockade and that the performance of the single photon at the intersection point is better. On the other hand, under the condition of unconventional photon blockade, the photons produced by each Jaynes-Cummings system are strongly correlated with each other.
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10
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Pscherer A, Meierhofer M, Wang D, Kelkar H, Martín-Cano D, Utikal T, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Single-Molecule Vacuum Rabi Splitting: Four-Wave Mixing and Optical Switching at the Single-Photon Level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:133603. [PMID: 34623836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A single quantum emitter can possess a very strong intrinsic nonlinearity, but its overall promise for nonlinear effects is hampered by the challenge of efficient coupling to incident photons. Common nonlinear optical materials, on the other hand, are easy to couple to but are bulky, imposing a severe limitation on the miniaturization of photonic systems. In this Letter, we show that a single organic molecule acts as an extremely efficient nonlinear optical element in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We report on single-photon sensitivity in nonlinear signal generation and all-optical switching. Our work promotes the use of molecules for applications such as integrated photonic circuits operating at very low powers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pscherer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daqing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hrishikesh Kelkar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diego Martín-Cano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Utikal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Bin Q, Wu Y, Lü XY. Parity-Symmetry-Protected Multiphoton Bundle Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:073602. [PMID: 34459658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate symmetry protected multiphoton bundle emission in the cavity QED system under the ultrastrong coupling regime. Our proposal only enables the super-Rabi oscillations with periodic generation of even correlated photons in the cavity, which is realized by combining the laser driven flip of qubit and the symmetry conserved transitions induced by Rabi interaction with parity symmetry. Combined with dissipation, only 2n-photon bundle emissions are allowed, due to the almost perfect suppression of bundle emissions with odd correlated photons. Meanwhile, the corresponding purities are significantly enhanced by the parity symmetry. This work extends multiphoton bundle emission to the ultrastrong coupling regime, and offers the prospect of exploring symmetry-protected multiphoton physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bin
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-You Lü
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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12
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Groiseau C, Elliott AEJ, Masson SJ, Parkins S. Proposal for a Deterministic Single-Atom Source of Quasisuperradiant N-Photon Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:033602. [PMID: 34328761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single-atom, cavity quantum electrodynamics system, compatible with recently demonstrated, fiber-integrated micro- and nanocavity setups, for the on-demand production of optical number-state, 0N-state, and binomial-code-state pulses. The scheme makes use of Raman transitions within an entire atomic ground-state hyperfine level and operates with laser and cavity fields detuned from the atomic transition by much more than the excited-state hyperfine splitting. This enables reduction of the dynamics to that of a simple, cavity-damped Tavis-Cummings model with the collective spin determined by the total angular momentum of the ground hyperfine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Groiseau
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Alexander E J Elliott
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Scott Parkins
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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13
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Lachman L, Filip R. Quantum Non-Gaussian Photon Coincidences. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:213604. [PMID: 34114867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.213604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photon coincidences represent an important resource for quantum technologies. They expose nonlinear quantum processes in matter and are essential for sources of entanglement. We derive broadly applicable criteria for quantum non-Gaussian two-photon coincidences that certify a new quality of photon sources. The criteria reject states emerging from Gaussian parametric processes, which often limit applications in quantum technologies. We also analyze the robustness of the quantum non-Gaussian coincidences and compare it to the heralded quantum non-Gaussianity of single photons based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Lachman
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Filip
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Perovskite-type superlattices from lead halide perovskite nanocubes. Nature 2021; 593:535-542. [PMID: 34040208 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined assemblies of dye molecules (such as H and J aggregates) have been of interest for more than 80 years because of the emergence of collective phenomena in their optical spectra1-3, their coherent long-range energy transport, their conceptual similarity to natural light-harvesting complexes4,5, and their potential use as light sources and in photovoltaics. Another way of creating versatile and controlled aggregates that exhibit collective phenomena involves the organization of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into long-range-ordered superlattices6. Caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals7-9 are promising building blocks for such superlattices, owing to the high oscillator strength of bright triplet excitons10, slow dephasing (coherence times of up to 80 picoseconds) and minimal inhomogeneous broadening of emission lines11,12. So far, only single-component superlattices with simple cubic packing have been devised from these nanocrystals13. Here we present perovskite-type (ABO3) binary and ternary nanocrystal superlattices, created via the shape-directed co-assembly of steric-stabilized, highly luminescent cubic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (which occupy the B and/or O lattice sites), spherical Fe3O4 or NaGdF4 nanocrystals (A sites) and truncated-cuboid PbS nanocrystals (B sites). These ABO3 superlattices, as well as the binary NaCl and AlB2 superlattice structures that we demonstrate, exhibit a high degree of orientational ordering of the CsPbBr3 nanocubes. They also exhibit superfluorescence-a collective emission that results in a burst of photons with ultrafast radiative decay (22 picoseconds) that could be tailored for use in ultrabright (quantum) light sources. Our work paves the way for further exploration of complex, ordered and functionally useful perovskite mesostructures.
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Krisnanda T, Ghosh S, Paterek T, Liew TCH. Creating and concentrating quantum resource states in noisy environments using a quantum neural network. Neural Netw 2021; 136:141-151. [PMID: 33486293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantum information processing tasks require exotic quantum states as a prerequisite. They are usually prepared with many different methods tailored to the specific resource state. Here we provide a versatile unified state preparation scheme based on a driven quantum network composed of randomly-coupled fermionic nodes. The output of such a system is then superposed with the help of linear mixing where weights and phases are trained in order to obtain desired output quantum states. We explicitly show that our method is robust and can be utilized to create almost perfect maximally entangled, NOON, W, cluster, and discorded states. Furthermore, the treatment includes energy decay in the system as well as dephasing and depolarization. Under these noisy conditions we show that the target states are achieved with high fidelity by tuning controllable parameters and providing sufficient strength to the driving of the quantum network. Finally, in very noisy systems, where noise is comparable to the driving strength, we show how to concentrate entanglement by mixing more states in a larger network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjung Krisnanda
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomasz Paterek
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore; MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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16
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Peng ZA, Zhao T, Yang GQ, Huang GM, Li GX. Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations in strongly correlated three-photon emissions from filtered resonance fluorescence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22767-22790. [PMID: 32752533 DOI: 10.1364/oe.396684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations are studied in strongly correlated three-photon emissions from the Mollow triplet via frequency engineering. The nonclassicality and the non-Gaussianity of the filtered field are discussed by correlating intensity signal and correlated balanced homodyne signals. Due to the non-Gaussian fluctuations in the Mollow triplet, new forms of the criterion of nonclassicality for non-Gaussian radiation are proposed by introducing intensity-dual quadrature correlation functions, which contain the information about strongly correlated three-photon emissions of the Mollow triplet. In addition, the time-dependent dynamics of non-Gaussian fluctuations of the filtered field is studied, which displays conspicuous asymmetry. Physically, the asymmetrical evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations can be attributed to the different transition dynamics of the laser-dressed quantum emitter revealed by the past quantum state and conditional quantum state. Compared with the conventional three-photon intensity correlations that unilaterally reflect the particle properties of radiation, the multifold wave-particle correlation functions we proposed may convey more information about wave-particle duality of radiation, such as the quantum coherence of photon triplet and "which-path" in cascaded photon emissions in atomic systems.
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17
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Canela VSC, Carmichael HJ. Bright Sub-Poissonian Light through Intrinsic Feedback and External Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063604. [PMID: 32109096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Balancing nonlinear gain and loss automatically generates sub-Poissonian light, through negative feedback, when the gain is significantly reduced (increased) by the addition (subtraction) of a single photon. We show that micromaser trapping states can provide the necessary feedback in the presence of photon loss and, with the addition of external parametric control, realize a photon number on the order of 100 and a Mandel Q parameter of -0.998, i.e., number squeezing of 27 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S C Canela
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - H J Carmichael
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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18
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Bin Q, Lü XY, Laussy FP, Nori F, Wu Y. N-Phonon Bundle Emission via the Stokes Process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:053601. [PMID: 32083917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically the bundle emission of n strongly correlated phonons in an acoustic cavity QED system. The mechanism relies on Stokes resonances that generate super-Rabi oscillations between states with a large difference in their number of excitations, which, combined with dissipation, transfer coherently pure n-phonon states outside of the cavity. This process works with close to perfect purity over a wide range of parameters and is tunable optically with well-resolved operation conditions. This broadens the realm of quantum phononics, with potential applications for on-chip quantum information processing, quantum metrology, and engineering of new types of quantum devices, such as optically heralded n-phonon guns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bin
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-You Lü
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabrice P Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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19
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Superfluorescence from lead halide perovskite quantum dot superlattices. Nature 2018; 563:671-675. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Dhar HS, Zens M, Krimer DO, Rotter S. Variational Renormalization Group for Dissipative Spin-Cavity Systems: Periodic Pulses of Nonclassical Photons from Mesoscopic Spin Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:133601. [PMID: 30312066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic spin ensembles coupled to a cavity offer the exciting prospect of observing complex nonclassical phenomena that pool the microscopic features from a few spins with those of macroscopic spin ensembles. Here, we demonstrate how the collective interactions in an ensemble of as many as a hundred spins can be harnessed to obtain a periodic pulse train of nonclassical light. To unravel the full quantum dynamics and photon statistics, we develop a time-adaptive variational renormalization group method that accurately captures the underlying Lindbladian dynamics of the mesoscopic spin-cavity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Dhar
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Matthias Zens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Dmitry O Krimer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040, Vienna, Austria, European Union
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21
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Abstract
We adapt the Quantum Monte Carlo method to the cascaded formalism of quantum optics, allowing us to simulate the emission of photons of known energy. Statistical processing of the photon clicks thus collected agrees with the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations, extending the range of applications based on correlations of photons of prescribed energy, in particular those of a photon-counting character. We apply the technique to autocorrelations of photon streams from a two-level system under coherent and incoherent pumping, including the Mollow triplet regime where we demonstrate the direct manifestation of leapfrog processes in producing an increased rate of two-photon emission events.
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22
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Zhang X, Xu C, Ren Z. High fidelity heralded single-photon source using cavity quantum electrodynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3140. [PMID: 29453365 PMCID: PMC5816608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Demands for single-photon sources are ubiquitous in quantum information processing as well as in quantum metrology. In many protocols for producing single photons, a cavity-emitter configuration is used. In such cavity quantum electrodynamical systems, the cavity can enforce a well-defined output mode for the photon and enhance its collection efficiency, while the emitter is indispensable for single photon emission. Here we show the two cavity-one two-level emitter configuration can be used to produce exclusively photon pairs, with each photon in a separate mode. Conditioning on detecting a photon in one of the modes, one heralds with high fidelity a single photon in the other mode. Counterintuitively, upon decreasing the coupling of the emitter to one of the modes, the heralding fidelity can further increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Ren
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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23
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Making two-photon processes dominate one-photon processes using mid-IR phonon polaritons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13607-13612. [PMID: 29233942 PMCID: PMC5748191 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713538114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of nanoscale-confined phonon polaritons in polar dielectric materials has generated vigorous interest because it provides a path to low-loss nanoscale photonics at technologically important mid-IR and terahertz frequencies. In this work, we show that these polar dielectrics can be used to develop a bright and efficient spontaneous emitter of photon pairs. The two-photon emission can completely dominate the total emission for realistic electronic systems, even when competing single-photon emission channels exist. We believe this work acts as a starting point for the development of sources of entangled nano-confined photons at frequency ranges where photon sources are generally considered lacking. Additionally, we believe that these results add a dimension to the great promise of phonon polaritonics. Phonon polaritons are guided hybrid modes of photons and optical phonons that can propagate on the surface of a polar dielectric. In this work, we show that the precise combination of confinement and bandwidth offered by phonon polaritons allows for the ability to create highly efficient sources of polariton pairs in the mid-IR/terahertz frequency ranges. Specifically, these polar dielectrics can cause emitters to preferentially decay by the emission of pairs of phonon polaritons, instead of the previously dominant single-photon emission. We show that such two-photon emission processes can occur on nanosecond time scales and can be nearly 2 orders of magnitude faster than competing single-photon transitions, as opposed to being as much as 8–10 orders of magnitude slower in free space. These results are robust to the choice of polar dielectric, allowing potentially versatile implementation in a host of materials such as hexagonal boron nitride, silicon carbide, and others. Our results suggest a design strategy for quantum light sources in the mid-IR/terahertz: ones that prefer to emit a relatively broad spectrum of photon pairs, potentially allowing for new sources of both single and multiple photons.
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24
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Abstract
We propose a new method for frequency conversion of photons which is both versatile and deterministic. We show that a system with two resonators ultrastrongly coupled to a single qubit can be used to realise both single- and multiphoton frequency-conversion processes. The conversion can be exquisitely controlled by tuning the qubit frequency to bring the desired frequency-conversion transitions on or off resonance. Considering recent experimental advances in ultrastrong coupling for circuit QED and other systems, we believe that our scheme can be implemented using available technology.
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25
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A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14870. [PMID: 28367950 PMCID: PMC5382261 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-classical light source emitting pairs of identical photons represents a versatile resource of interdisciplinary importance with applications in quantum optics and quantum biology. To date, photon twins have mostly been generated using parametric downconversion sources, relying on Poissonian number distributions, or atoms, exhibiting low emission rates. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate the efficient, triggered generation of photon twins using the energy-degenerate biexciton-exciton radiative cascade of a single semiconductor quantum dot. Deterministically integrated within a microlens, this nanostructure emits highly correlated photon pairs, degenerate in energy and polarization, at a rate of up to (234±4) kHz. Furthermore, we verify a significant degree of photon indistinguishability and directly observe twin-photon emission by employing photon-number-resolving detectors, which enables the reconstruction of the emitted photon number distribution. Our work represents an important step towards the realization of efficient sources of twin-photon states on a fully scalable technology platform.
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26
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Hamsen C, Tolazzi KN, Wilk T, Rempe G. Two-Photon Blockade in an Atom-Driven Cavity QED System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:133604. [PMID: 28409981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photon blockade is a dynamical quantum-nonlinear effect in driven systems with an anharmonic energy ladder. For a single atom strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we show that atom driving gives a decisively larger optical nonlinearity than cavity driving. This enhances single-photon blockade and allows for the implementation of two-photon blockade where the absorption of two photons suppresses the absorption of further photons. As a signature, we report on three-photon antibunching with simultaneous two-photon bunching observed in the light emitted from the cavity. Our experiment constitutes a significant step towards multiphoton quantum-nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hamsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karl Nicolas Tolazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wilk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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27
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Kocaman S, Sayan GT. Comparison of coherently coupled multi-cavity and quantum dot embedded single cavity systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:29329-29341. [PMID: 27958593 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.029329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal group delays originating from the optical analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are compared in two systems. Similar transmission characteristics are observed between a coherently coupled high-Q multi-cavity array and a single quantum dot (QD) embedded cavity in the weak coupling regime. However, theoretically generated group delay values for the multi-cavity case are around two times higher. Both configurations allow direct scalability for chip-scale optical pulse trapping and coupled-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).
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28
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Silva B, Sánchez Muñoz C, Ballarini D, González-Tudela A, de Giorgi M, Gigli G, West K, Pfeiffer L, Del Valle E, Sanvitto D, Laussy FP. The colored Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37980. [PMID: 27922021 PMCID: PMC5138626 DOI: 10.1038/srep37980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is one of the celebrated phenomenologies of modern physics that accommodates equally well classical (interferences of waves) and quantum (correlations between indistinguishable particles) interpretations. The effect was discovered in the late thirties with a basic observation of Hanbury Brown that radio-pulses from two distinct antennas generate signals on the oscilloscope that wiggle similarly to the naked eye. When Hanbury Brown and his mathematician colleague Twiss took the obvious step to propose bringing the effect in the optical range, they met with considerable opposition as single-photon interferences were deemed impossible. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is nowadays universally accepted and, being so fundamental, embodies many subtleties of our understanding of the wave/particle dual nature of light. Thanks to a novel experimental technique, we report here a generalized version of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect to include the frequency of the detected light, or, from the particle point of view, the energy of the detected photons. Our source of light is a polariton condensate, that allows high-resolution filtering of a spectrally broad source with a high degree of coherence. In addition to the known tendencies of indistinguishable photons to arrive together on the detector, we find that photons of different colors present the opposite characteristic of avoiding each others. We postulate that fermions can be similarly brought to exhibit positive (boson-like) correlations by frequency filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Silva
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - M de Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - K West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - E Del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F P Laussy
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Chang Y, González-Tudela A, Sánchez Muñoz C, Navarrete-Benlloch C, Shi T. Deterministic Down-Converter and Continuous Photon-Pair Source within the Bad-Cavity Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:203602. [PMID: 27886465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development, characterization, and control of N-photon sources are instrumental for quantum technological applications. This work constitutes a step forward in this direction, where we propose a cavity quantum electrodynamics setup designed for the generation of photon pairs. We identify both the regime where our system works as a deterministic down-converter of a single input photon and as an optimal two-photon source under weak continuous driving. We use both the scattering and master equation formalisms to characterize the system, and from their connection naturally arises a physical criterion characterizing when weakly driven systems behave as continuous antibunched two-photon sources. We also show that the outgoing photons share nontrivial quantum correlations in general. We provide a specific implementation based on state-of-the-art superconducting circuits, showing how our proposal is within the reach of current technologies. As an outlook, we show the proposal can be extended to achieve deterministic conversion of a single photon into N photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chang
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Carlos Sánchez Muñoz
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Navarrete-Benlloch
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tao Shi
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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30
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Snijders H, Frey JA, Norman J, Bakker MP, Langman EC, Gossard A, Bowers JE, van Exter MP, Bouwmeester D, Löffler W. Purification of a single-photon nonlinearity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12578. [PMID: 27573361 PMCID: PMC5013554 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photon nonlinearities based on a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity are a promising candidate for integrated optical quantum information processing nodes. In practice, however, the finite quantum dot lifetime and cavity-quantum dot coupling lead to reduced fidelity. Here we show that, with a nearly polarization degenerate microcavity in the weak coupling regime, polarization pre- and postselection can be used to restore high fidelity. The two orthogonally polarized transmission amplitudes interfere at the output polarizer; for special polarization angles, which depend only on the device cooperativity, this enables cancellation of light that did not interact with the quantum dot. With this, we can transform incident coherent light into a stream of strongly correlated photons with a second-order correlation value up to 40, larger than previous experimental results, even in the strong-coupling regime. This purification technique might also be useful to improve the fidelity of quantum dot based logic gates. Single-photon optical nonlinearity is possible using an optical cavity to create strong coupling between a cavity mode and a two-level quantum system. Here, the authors demonstrate it is also possible in the weak-coupling regime by using quantum interference in a polarization-degenerate cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Snijders
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J A Frey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Norman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M P Bakker
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E C Langman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Gossard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J E Bowers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M P van Exter
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - W Löffler
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Zhang X, Xu C, Ren Z. A simple and general strategy for generating frequency-anticorrelated photon pairs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24509. [PMID: 27087255 PMCID: PMC4834487 DOI: 10.1038/srep24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, two-photon excitation microscopy is the method of choice for imaging living cells within thick specimen. A remaining problem for this technique is the damage caused by the high photon flux in the excitation region. To reduce the required flux, a promising solution is to use highly frequency-anticorrelated photon pairs, which are known to induce two-photon transitions much more efficiently. It is still an open question what the best scheme is for generating such photon pairs. Here we propose one simple general strategy for this task. As an example, we show explicitly that this general strategy can be realized faithfully within the widely applicable coherently pumped Jaynes-Cummings model. It is shown quantitatively that this strategy can generate highly frequency-anticorrelated photon pairs which can dramatically enhance two-photon excitation efficiency. We believe the proposed strategy can guide new designs for generating frequency-anticorrelated photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Joint Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhongzhou Ren
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Joint Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy-Ion Accelerator, Lanzhou 730000, China
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32
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All-optical control of three-photon spectra and time asymmetry in a strongly coupled cavity polariton system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22560. [PMID: 26936334 PMCID: PMC4776109 DOI: 10.1038/srep22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the nature of photons emission is one of the basic tasks in quantum optics and photonics. The ever growing list of quantum applications requires a robust means of controlling the strongly coupled coherent interaction of photons and matter. Here, we investigate three-photon transmission spectra in a strongly coupled cavity polariton system and show that the correlation functions and transmitted photon stream can be optically manipulated. The dynamics of single photons and photon pairs at the polariton resonances can be changed by light from a single external coupling laser. At the “dark-state polariton,” three-photon transmission is a perfectly coherent field in contrast to the strong photon-bunching behavior of a typical cavity quantum electrodynamics system. When the detuned probe light is tuned to the “bright polariton,” the light exhibits a dramatic photon antibunching effect. Remarkably, the Fano-resonant asymmetric three-photon transmission caused by the interference between the dressed states leads to a new quantum feature that is strongly nonclassical (the third-order correlation function g(3)(0, 0) ≪ 1) and has a wide and tunable bandwidth. The dependence of the intrinsic third-order correlation and time symmetry of the photon stream on the controlled parameters is also examined. Strongly nonclassical, all-optically controllable multi-photon dynamics are very important for future quantum devices and metrology.
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33
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López Carreño JC, Sánchez Muñoz C, Sanvitto D, del Valle E, Laussy FP. Exciting Polaritons with Quantum Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:196402. [PMID: 26588401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.196402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the excitation of polaritons-strongly coupled states of light and matter-by quantum light, instead of the usual laser or thermal excitation. As one illustration of the new horizons thus opened, we introduce "Mollow spectroscopy"-a theoretical concept for a spectroscopic technique that consists of scanning the output of resonance fluorescence onto an optical target-from which weak nonlinearities can be read with high precision even in strongly dissipative environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C López Carreño
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F P Laussy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
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