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Jia W, Li C, Chen H, Wang X, Liu Y, Shang W, Wang B, Meng W, Guo Y, Zhu L, Wang D, Zhou D, Zhao B, Wei L. ISRIB ameliorates spatial learning and memory impairment induced by adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure in adult male rats. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105834. [PMID: 39142353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure in adolescence is considered a major cause of cognitive impairments later in life including spatial learning and memory. Integrated stress response (ISR), a program of conservative translation and transcription, is crucial in synaptic plasticity and memory. Although previous studies have elucidated ISR in different brain areas involved in learning and memory disorders, the impact of ISR on learning and memory following adolescent alcohol exposure remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure caused spatial learning and memory impairment, combined with neuronal damage in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (HIP) in adult rats. Moreover, integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) administration not only improved spatial learning and memory impairment and neuronal damage but also inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) and reversed changes in synaptic proteins. These findings suggested that ISRIB ameliorates AIE exposure-induced spatial learning and memory deficits by improving neural morphology and synaptic function through inhibiting ER stress signaling pathway in the mPFC, NAc and HIP in adulthood. Our findings may enhance comprehension of cognitive function and neuronal effects of adolescent ethanol exposure and ISRIB treatment may be an underlying potential option for addressing alcohol-induced learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Jia
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hongyun Chen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wanbing Shang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Bian Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Danya Zhou
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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2
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Kirk-Provencher KT, Sloan ME, Andereas K, Erickson CJ, Hakimi RH, Penner AE, Gowin JL. Neural responses to reward, threat, and emotion regulation and transition to hazardous alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae043. [PMID: 38953742 PMCID: PMC11217988 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Reward processing and regulation of emotions are thought to impact the development of addictive behaviors. In this study, we aimed to determine whether neural responses during reward anticipation, threat appraisal, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reappraisal predicted the transition from low-level to hazardous alcohol use over a 12-month period. METHODS Seventy-eight individuals aged 18-22 with low-level alcohol use [i.e. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score <7] at baseline were enrolled. They completed reward-based and emotion regulation tasks during magnetic resonance imaging to examine reward anticipation, emotional reactivity, cognitive reappraisal, and threat anticipation (in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, superior frontal gyrus, and insula, respectively). Participants completed self-report measures at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up time points to determine if they transitioned to hazardous use (as defined by AUDIT scores ≥8). RESULTS Of the 57 participants who completed follow-up, 14 (24.6%) transitioned to hazardous alcohol use. Higher baseline AUDIT scores were associated with greater odds of transitioning to hazardous use (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.66, P = .005). Brain activation to reward, threat, and emotion regulation was not associated with alcohol use. Of the neural variables, the amygdala response to negative imagery was numerically larger in young adults who transitioned to hazardous use (g = 0.31), but this effect was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Baseline drinking levels were significantly associated with the transition to hazardous alcohol use. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up should test whether the amygdala response to negative emotional imagery can be used to indicate a future transition to hazardous alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Kirk-Provencher
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St. Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 620 University Ave. Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 479 Spadina Ave. Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Cooper J Erickson
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Rosa H Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Anne E Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Joshua L Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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3
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Schmid F, Henry A, Benzerouk F, Barrière S, Portefaix C, Gondrexon J, Obert A, Kaladjian A, Gierski F. Neural activations during cognitive and affective theory of mind processing in healthy adults with a family history of alcohol use disorder. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1034-1044. [PMID: 37753626 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition impairments are a common feature of alcohol use disorders (AUD). However, it remains unclear whether these impairments are solely the consequence of chronic alcohol consumption or whether they could be a marker of vulnerability. METHODS The present study implemented a family history approach to address this question for a key process of social cognition: theory of mind (ToM). Thirty healthy adults with a family history of AUD (FH+) and 30 healthy adults with a negative family history of AUD (FH-), matched for age, sex, and education level, underwent an fMRI cartoon-vignette paradigm assessing cognitive and affective ToM. Participants also completed questionnaires evaluating anxiety, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and alexithymia. RESULTS Results indicated that FH+ individuals differed from FH- individuals on affective but not cognitive ToM processing, at both the behavioral and neural levels. At the behavioral level, the FH+ group had lower response accuracy for affective ToM compared with the FH- group. At the neural level, the FH+ group had higher brain activations in the left insula and inferior frontal cortex during affective ToM processing. These activations remained significant when controlling for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight difficulties during affective ToM processing among first-degree relatives of AUD patients, supporting the idea that some of the impairments exhibited by these patients may already be present before the onset of AUD and may be considered a marker of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmid
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - A Henry
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - F Benzerouk
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- INSERM U1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Dependences, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - S Barrière
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - C Portefaix
- Radiology Department, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (CReSTIC - EA 3804), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - J Gondrexon
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - A Obert
- Laboratoire Sciences de la Cognition, Technologie, Ergonomie (SCOTE - EA 7420), Champollion National University Institute, Albi, France
| | - A Kaladjian
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - F Gierski
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- INSERM U1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Dependences, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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4
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Kamarajan C, Ardekani BA, Pandey AK, Meyers JL, Chorlian DB, Kinreich S, Pandey G, Richard C, de Viteri SS, Kuang W, Porjesz B. Prediction of brain age in individuals with and at risk for alcohol use disorder using brain morphological features. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.582844. [PMID: 38496639 PMCID: PMC10942318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.582844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Brain age measures predicted from structural and functional brain features are increasingly being used to understand brain integrity, disorders, and health. While there is a vast literature showing aberrations in both structural and functional brain measures in individuals with and at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), few studies have investigated brain age in these groups. The current study examines brain age measures predicted using brain morphological features, such as cortical thickness and brain volume, in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of AUD as well as in those at higher risk to develop AUD from families with multiple members affected with AUD (i.e., higher family history density (FHD) scores). The AUD dataset included a group of 30 adult males (mean age = 41.25 years) with a lifetime diagnosis of AUD and currently abstinent and a group of 30 male controls (mean age = 27.24 years) without any history of AUD. A second dataset of young adults who were categorized based on their FHD scores comprised a group of 40 individuals (20 males) with high FHD of AUD (mean age = 25.33 years) and a group of 31 individuals (18 males) with low FHD (mean age = 25.47 years). Brain age was predicted using 187 brain morphological features of cortical thickness and brain volume in an XGBoost regression model; a bias-correction procedure was applied to the predicted brain age. Results showed that both AUD and high FHD individuals showed an increase of 1.70 and 0.09 years (1.08 months), respectively, in their brain age relative to their chronological age, suggesting accelerated brain aging in AUD and risk for AUD. Increased brain age was associated with poor performance on neurocognitive tests of executive functioning in both AUD and high FHD individuals, indicating that brain age can also serve as a proxy for cognitive functioning and brain health. These findings on brain aging in these groups may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of AUD and ensuing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Babak A. Ardekani
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Christian Richard
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Stacey Saenz de Viteri
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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5
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Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Tipps ME, Haider B, Souders A, Aguado C, Rose TR, Vo BN, DeBaker MC, Luján R, Wickman K. Ethanol-Induced Suppression of G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K +-Dependent Signaling in the Basal Amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:863-874. [PMID: 37068702 PMCID: PMC10576835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basolateral amygdala (BLA) regulates mood and associative learning and has been linked to the development and persistence of alcohol use disorder. The GABABR (gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor) is a promising therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder, and previous work suggests that exposure to ethanol and other drugs can alter neuronal GABABR-dependent signaling. The effect of ethanol on GABABR-dependent signaling in the BLA is unknown. METHODS GABABR-dependent signaling in the mouse BLA was examined using slice electrophysiology following repeated ethanol exposure. Neuron-specific viral genetic manipulations were then used to understand the relevance of ethanol-induced neuroadaptations in the basal amygdala subregion (BA) to mood-related behavior. RESULTS The somatodendritic inhibitory effect of GABABR activation on principal neurons in the basal but not the lateral subregion of the BLA was diminished following ethanol exposure. This adaptation was attributable to the suppression of GIRK (G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+) channel activity and was mirrored by a redistribution of GABABR and GIRK channels from the surface membrane to internal sites. While GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits are critical for GIRK channel formation in BA principal neurons, GIRK3 is necessary for the ethanol-induced neuroadaptation. Viral suppression of GIRK channel activity in BA principal neurons from ethanol-naïve mice recapitulated some mood-related behaviors observed in C57BL/6J mice during ethanol withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS The ethanol-induced suppression of GIRK-dependent signaling in BA principal neurons contributes to some of the mood-related behaviors associated with ethanol withdrawal in mice. Approaches designed to prevent this neuroadaptation and/or strengthen GIRK-dependent signaling may prove useful for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Tipps
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bushra Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anna Souders
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Timothy R Rose
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Baovi N Vo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Margot C DeBaker
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rafael Luján
- Departmento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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6
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Baranger DAA, Paul SE, Hatoum AS, Bogdan R. Alcohol use and grey matter structure: Disentangling predispositional and causal contributions in human studies. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13327. [PMID: 37644894 PMCID: PMC10502907 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is a growing global health concern and economic burden. Alcohol involvement (i.e., initiation, use, problematic use, alcohol use disorder) has been reliably associated with broad spectrum grey matter differences in cross-sectional studies. These findings have been largely interpreted as reflecting alcohol-induced atrophy. However, emerging data suggest that brain structure differences also represent pre-existing vulnerability factors for alcohol involvement. Here, we review evidence from human studies with designs (i.e., family-based, genomic, longitudinal) that allow them to assess the plausibility that these correlates reflect predispositional risk factors and/or causal consequences of alcohol involvement. These studies provide convergent evidence that grey matter correlates of alcohol involvement largely reflect predisposing risk factors, with some evidence for potential alcohol-induced atrophy. These conclusions highlight the importance of study designs that can provide causal clues to cross-sectional observations. An integrative model may best account for these data, in which predisposition to alcohol use affects brain development, effects which may then be compounded by the neurotoxic consequences of heavy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University St. Louis Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Medicine Institute, Washington University St. Louis Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Maggioni E, Rossetti MG, Allen NB, Batalla A, Bellani M, Chye Y, Cousijn J, Goudriaan AE, Hester R, Hutchison K, Li CSR, Martin-Santos R, Momenan R, Sinha R, Schmaal L, Solowij N, Suo C, van Holst RJ, Veltman DJ, Yücel M, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H, Brambilla P, Lorenzetti V. Brain volumes in alcohol use disorder: Do females and males differ? A whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging mega-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:4652-4666. [PMID: 37436103 PMCID: PMC10400785 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests distinct neurobiological correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) between sexes, which however remain largely unexplored. This work from ENIGMA Addiction Working Group aimed to characterize the sex differences in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) correlates of AUD using a whole-brain, voxel-based, multi-tissue mega-analytic approach, thereby extending our recent surface-based region of interest findings on a nearly matching sample using a complementary methodological approach. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 653 people with AUD and 326 controls was analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. The effects of group, sex, group-by-sex, and substance use severity in AUD on brain volumes were assessed using General Linear Models. Individuals with AUD relative to controls had lower GM volume in striatal, thalamic, cerebellar, and widespread cortical clusters. Group-by-sex effects were found in cerebellar GM and WM volumes, which were more affected by AUD in females than males. Smaller group-by-sex effects were also found in frontotemporal WM tracts, which were more affected in AUD females, and in temporo-occipital and midcingulate GM volumes, which were more affected in AUD males. AUD females but not males showed a negative association between monthly drinks and precentral GM volume. Our results suggest that AUD is associated with both shared and distinct widespread effects on GM and WM volumes in females and males. This evidence advances our previous region of interest knowledge, supporting the usefulness of adopting an exploratory perspective and the need to include sex as a relevant moderator variable in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria G Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yann Chye
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Hester
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Characterisation Commons at Scale (ACCS) Project, Monash eResearch Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Bogdan R, Hatoum AS, Johnson EC, Agrawal A. The Genetically Informed Neurobiology of Addiction (GINA) model. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:40-57. [PMID: 36446900 PMCID: PMC10041646 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addictions are heritable and unfold dynamically across the lifespan. One prominent neurobiological theory proposes that substance-induced changes in neural circuitry promote the progression of addiction. Genome-wide association studies have begun to characterize the polygenic architecture undergirding addiction liability and revealed that genetic loci associated with risk can be divided into those associated with a general broad-spectrum liability to addiction and those associated with drug-specific addiction risk. In this Perspective, we integrate these genomic findings with our current understanding of the neurobiology of addiction to propose a new Genetically Informed Neurobiology of Addiction (GINA) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Nicolaisen-Sobesky E, Mihalik A, Kharabian-Masouleh S, Ferreira FS, Hoffstaedter F, Schwender H, Maleki Balajoo S, Valk SL, Eickhoff SB, Yeo BTT, Mourao-Miranda J, Genon S. A cross-cohort replicable and heritable latent dimension linking behaviour to multi-featured brain structure. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1297. [PMID: 36435870 PMCID: PMC9701210 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying associations between interindividual variability in brain structure and behaviour requires large cohorts, multivariate methods, out-of-sample validation and, ideally, out-of-cohort replication. Moreover, the influence of nature vs nurture on brain-behaviour associations should be analysed. We analysed associations between brain structure (grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area) and behaviour (spanning cognition, emotion, and alertness) using regularized canonical correlation analysis and a machine learning framework that tests the generalisability and stability of such associations. The replicability of brain-behaviour associations was assessed in two large, independent cohorts. The load of genetic factors on these associations was analysed with heritability and genetic correlation. We found one heritable and replicable latent dimension linking cognitive-control/executive-functions and positive affect to brain structural variability in areas typically associated with higher cognitive functions, and with areas typically associated with sensorimotor functions. These results revealed a major axis of interindividual behavioural variability linking to a whole-brain structural pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nicolaisen-Sobesky
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Agoston Mihalik
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahrzad Kharabian-Masouleh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabio S Ferreira
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Somayeh Maleki Balajoo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Research Group "Cognitive Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Centre for Translational MR Research, Centre for Sleep & Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janaina Mourao-Miranda
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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10
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Mavromatis LA, Rosoff DB, Cupertino RB, Garavan H, Mackey S, Lohoff FW. Association Between Brain Structure and Alcohol Use Behaviors in Adults: A Mendelian Randomization and Multiomics Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:869-878. [PMID: 35947372 PMCID: PMC9366661 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Past studies have identified associations between brain macrostructure and alcohol use behaviors. However, identifying directional associations between these phenotypes is difficult due to the limitations of observational studies. OBJECTIVE To use mendelian randomization (MR) to identify directional associations between brain structure and alcohol use and elucidate the transcriptomic and cellular underpinnings of identified associations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The main source data comprised summary statistics from population-based and case-control genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of neuroimaging, behavioral, and clinical phenotypes (N = 763 874). Using these data, bidirectional and multivariable MR was performed analyzing associations between brain macrostructure and alcohol use. Downstream transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and cell-type enrichment analyses investigated the biology underlying identified associations. The study approach was data driven and did not test any a priori hypotheses. Data were analyzed August 2021 to May 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Brain structure phenotypes (global cortical thickness [GCT] and global cortical surface area [GCSA] in 33 709 individuals and left-right subcortical volumes in 19 629 individuals) and alcohol use behaviors (alcoholic drinks per week [DPW] in 537 349 individuals, binge drinking frequency in 143 685 individuals, and alcohol use disorder in 8845 individuals vs 20 657 control individuals [total of 29 502]). RESULTS The main bidirectional MR analyses were performed in samples totaling 763 874 individuals, among whom more than 94% were of European ancestry, 52% to 54% were female, and the mean cohort ages were 40 to 63 years. Negative associations were identified between genetically predicted GCT and binge drinking (β, -2.52; 95% CI, -4.13 to -0.91) and DPW (β, -0.88; 95% CI, -1.37 to -0.40) at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05. These associations remained significant in multivariable MR models that accounted for neuropsychiatric phenotypes, substance use, trauma, and neurodegeneration. TWAS of GCT and alcohol use behaviors identified 5 genes at the 17q21.31 locus oppositely associated with GCT and binge drinking or DPW (FDR = 0.05). Cell-type enrichment analyses implicated glutamatergic cortical neurons in alcohol use behaviors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings in this study show that the associations between GCT and alcohol use may reflect a predispositional influence of GCT and that 17q21.31 genes and glutamatergic cortical neurons may play a role in this association. While replication studies are needed, these findings should enhance the understanding of associations between brain structure and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel B. Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,National Institutes of Health–Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Logtenberg E, Overbeek MF, Pasman JA, Abdellaoui A, Luijten M, van Holst RJ, Vink JM, Denys D, Medland SE, Verweij KJH, Treur JL. Investigating the causal nature of the relationship of subcortical brain volume with smoking and alcohol use. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 221:377-385. [PMID: 35049464 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural variation in subcortical brain regions has been linked to substance use, including the most commonly used substances nicotine and alcohol. Pre-existing differences in subcortical brain volume may affect smoking and alcohol use, but there is also evidence that smoking and alcohol use can lead to structural changes. AIMS We assess the causal nature of the complex relationship of subcortical brain volume with smoking and alcohol use, using bi-directional Mendelian randomisation. METHOD Mendelian randomisation uses genetic variants predictive of a certain 'exposure' as instrumental variables to test causal effects on an 'outcome'. Because of random assortment at meiosis, genetic variants should not be associated with confounders, allowing less biased causal inference. We used summary-level data of genome-wide association studies of subcortical brain volumes (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus; n = 50 290) and smoking and alcohol use (smoking initiation, n = 848 460; cigarettes per day, n = 216 590; smoking cessation, n = 378 249; alcoholic drinks per week, n = 630 154; alcohol dependence, n = 46 568). The main analysis, inverse-variance weighted regression, was verified by a wide range of sensitivity methods. RESULTS There was strong evidence that liability to alcohol dependence decreased amygdala and hippocampal volume, and smoking more cigarettes per day decreased hippocampal volume. From subcortical brain volumes to substance use, there was no or weak evidence for causal effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that heavy alcohol use and smoking can causally reduce subcortical brain volume. This adds to accumulating evidence that alcohol and smoking affect the brain, and likely mental health, warranting more recognition in public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Logtenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F Overbeek
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joëlle A Pasman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Choi SY, Son SJ, Park B. Shared genetic effects of emotion and subcortical volumes in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118894. [PMID: 35007717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample studies have reported a strong association between emotion and subcortical volumes; still, the underlying mechanism regarding this relation remains unclear. Using a twin design, the current study aimed to explore the intrinsic association between emotion and subcortical volumes by examining their phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations. We used a group dataset of 960 individuals from the Human Connectome Project (234 monozygotic twins, 145 dizygotic twins, 581 not twins, males = 454, age = 22-37 years). We found that both emotion and subcortical volumes were heritable. Of the 17 emotional traits, 13 were significantly phenotypically correlated with the volumes of multiple subcortical regions. There was no environmental correlation between emotion and subcortical volumes; however, we found a genetic overlap between overall emotional traits and caudate volume. Taken together, our results showed that emotion and subcortical volumes were heritable and closely related. Although the caudate has been often studied with execution of movement, given that the caudate volume is genetically associated with diverse emotional domains, such as negative affect, psychological well-being, and social relationships, it may suggest that the caudate volume might also be an important factor when studying the brain basis of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Novi M, Paraskevopoulou M, Van Rooij D, Schene AH, Buitelaar JK, Schellekens AFA. Effects of substance misuse and current family history of substance use disorder on brain structure in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109032. [PMID: 34555690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in brain structure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show considerable overlap with those observed in substance use disorder (SUD). These overlapping structural alterations in ADHD and SUD might be explained by family history (FH-trait) effects of SUD, and/or substance misuse (state) effects. Our aim was to investigate effects of 1) current parental SUD (SUD-FH) and 2) recent substance misuse (SM) on brain structure in a cohort of ADHD patients and controls. DESIGN Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were measured using structural MRI. We compared ADHD subjects and controls with or without SUD-FH (aim 1) and additionally explored differences between SUD-FH- and SUD-FH + subjects with one versus two parents with SUD. We also compared ADHD groups with and without SM (ADHD + SM and ADHD-only, respectively) and controls (aim 2). FINDINGS There was no association between SUD-FH and brain structure. Exploratory analysis on SUD-FH showed decreased IFG thickness (p = 0.032) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) volume (p = 0.017) in subjects with two versus one SUD parent, regardless of ADHD. ADHD + SM showed decreased inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) thickness compared to controls (pars opercularis p = 0.025, pars orbitalis p = 0.010, pars triangularis p = 0.049), while no difference was found between ADHD-only and either ADHD + SM or controls. CONCLUSIONS Despite negative findings in the primary trait-analysis, exploratory trait-analysis on SUD-FH loading suggested potential SUD trait-effects on IFG thickness and NAcc volume. Substance misuse state effects in ADHD were linked to lower IFG thickness. Future studies should confirm these findings and investigate their clinical relevance, including the functional consequences of decreased IFG thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Novi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, 56100, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Paraskevopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt F A Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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14
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Fears SC, Service SK, Kremeyer B, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Franco J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya P, Aldana I, Teshiba TM, Al-Sharif NB, Jalbrzikowski M, Tishler TA, Escobar J, Ruiz-Linares A, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Cantor RM, Sabatti C, Freimer NB, Bearden CE. Genome-wide mapping of brain phenotypes in extended pedigrees with strong genetic loading for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5229-5238. [PMID: 32606377 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable illness, associated with alterations of brain structure. As such, identification of genes influencing inter-individual differences in brain morphology may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BP). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to phenotypic variance of brain structure, structural neuroimages were acquired from family members (n = 527) of extended pedigrees heavily loaded for bipolar disorder ascertained from genetically isolated populations in Latin America. Genome-wide linkage and association analysis were conducted on the subset of heritable brain traits that showed significant evidence of association with bipolar disorder (n = 24) to map QTL influencing regional measures of brain volume and cortical thickness. Two chromosomal regions showed significant evidence of linkage; a QTL on chromosome 1p influencing corpus callosum volume and a region on chromosome 7p linked to cortical volume. Association analysis within the two QTLs identified three SNPs correlated with the brain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Section of Mental Health, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Susan K Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carmen Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Maria C Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noor B Al-Sharif
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.,UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Molina
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,BioCiencias Lab, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Tomasi D, Wiers CE, Manza P, Shokri-Kojori E, Michele-Vera Y, Zhang R, Kroll D, Feldman D, McPherson K, Biesecker C, Schwandt M, Diazgranados N, Koob GF, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Accelerated Aging of the Amygdala in Alcohol Use Disorders: Relevance to the Dark Side of Addiction. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3254-3265. [PMID: 33629726 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we assessed changes in subcortical volumes in alcohol use disorder (AUD). A simple morphometry-based classifier (MC) was developed to identify subcortical volumes that distinguished 32 healthy controls (HCs) from 33 AUD patients, who were scanned twice, during early and later withdrawal, to assess the effect of abstinence on MC-features (Discovery cohort). We validated the novel classifier in an independent Validation cohort (19 AUD patients and 20 HCs). MC-accuracy reached 80% (Discovery) and 72% (Validation). MC features included the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, putamen, corpus callosum, and brain stem, which were smaller and showed stronger age-related decreases in AUD than HCs, and the ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid, which were larger in AUD and older participants. The volume of the amygdala showed a positive association with anxiety and negative urgency in AUD. Repeated imaging during the third week of detoxification revealed slightly larger subcortical volumes in AUD patients, consistent with partial recovery during abstinence. The steeper age-associated volumetric reductions in stress- and reward-related subcortical regions in AUD are consistent with accelerated aging, whereas the amygdalar associations with negative urgency and anxiety in AUD patients support its involvement in the "dark side of addiction".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Yonga Michele-Vera
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle Kroll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dana Feldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Melanie Schwandt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Krueger RF, Hobbs KA, Conway CC, Dick DM, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Keyes KM, Latzman RD, Michelini G, Patrick CJ, Sellbom M, Slade T, South S, Sunderland M, Tackett J, Waldman I, Waszczuk MA, Wright AG, Zald DH, Watson D, Kotov R. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:171-193. [PMID: 34002506 PMCID: PMC8129870 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical effort to address limitations of traditional mental disorder diagnoses. These include arbitrary boundaries between disorder and normality, disorder co-occurrence in the modal case, heterogeneity of presentation within dis-orders, and instability of diagnosis within patients. This paper reviews the evidence on the validity and utility of the disinhibited externalizing and antagonistic externalizing spectra of HiTOP, which together constitute a broad externalizing superspectrum. These spectra are composed of elements subsumed within a variety of mental disorders described in recent DSM nosologies, including most notably substance use disorders and "Cluster B" personality disorders. The externalizing superspectrum ranges from normative levels of impulse control and self-assertion, to maladaptive disinhibition and antagonism, to extensive polysubstance involvement and personality psychopathology. A rich literature supports the validity of the externalizing superspectrum, and the disinhibited and antagonistic spectra. This evidence encompasses common genetic influences, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the structure of the phenotypic externalizing superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to disinhibited or antagonistic spectra, and others relevant to the entire externalizing superspectrum, underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared with traditional diagnostic categories, the externalizing superspectrum conceptualization shows improved utility, reliability, explanatory capacity, and clinical applicability. The externalizing superspectrum is one aspect of the general approach to psychopathology offered by HiTOP and can make diagnostic classification more useful in both research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Michael N. Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestWalter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis‐McChordWAUSA
| | | | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of PsychologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of PsychologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
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17
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Pajser A, Fisher H, Pickens CL. Pre-training naltrexone increases conditioned fear learning independent of adolescent alcohol consumption history. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113212. [PMID: 33069685 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research has shown a relationship between low voluntary alcohol consumption and high conditioned fear in male Long Evans rats. Here, we examined whether differences in the endogenous opioid systems might be responsible for these differences. Rats received 6 weeks of chronic intermittent to 20% alcohol (v/v) or water-only from PND 26-66. Based on their consumption during the last 2 weeks of alcohol access, the alcohol-access rats were divided into high drinking (>2.5 g/kg/24-h) or low drinking (<2 g/kg/24-h). Rats were then given injections of the preferential mu opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) or the selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) prior to fear conditioning and were then tested for conditioned fear 2 days later. Pre-training naltrexone increased conditioned suppression of lever-pressing during training and testing, with no differences between high versus low alcohol drinkers or between water-only versus alcohol access groups (averaged across drinking levels). There was no effect of LY2456302 on conditioned fear in any comparison. We also found no differences between high and low alcohol drinkers and no reliable effect of prior alcohol access (averaged across drinking levels) on conditioned fear. Our experiment replicates and extends previous demonstrations that a preferential MOR antagonist can increase fear learning using conditioned suppression of lever-pressing as a fear measure. However, additional research is needed to determine the cause of the differences in conditioned fear that we previously observed (as they were not observed in the current experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Pajser
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hayley Fisher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Charles L Pickens
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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18
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Shin SK, Kaiser EE, West FD. Alcohol Induced Brain and Liver Damage: Advantages of a Porcine Alcohol Use Disorder Model. Front Physiol 2021; 11:592950. [PMID: 33488396 PMCID: PMC7818780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.592950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused intoxicants with 1 in 6 adults at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the United States. As such, animal models have been extensively investigated with rodent AUD models being the most widely studied. However, inherent anatomical and physiological differences between rodents and humans pose a number of limitations in studying the complex nature of human AUD. For example, rodents differ from humans in that rodents metabolize alcohol rapidly and do not innately demonstrate voluntary alcohol consumption. Comparatively, pigs exhibit similar patterns observed in human AUD including voluntary alcohol consumption and intoxication behaviors, which are instrumental in establishing a more representative AUD model that could in turn delineate the risk factors involved in the development of this disorder. Pigs and humans also share anatomical similarities in the two major target organs of alcohol- the brain and liver. Pigs possess gyrencephalic brains with comparable cerebral white matter volumes to humans, thus enabling more representative evaluations of susceptibility and neural tissue damage in response to AUD. Furthermore, similarities in the liver result in a comparable rate of alcohol elimination as humans, thus enabling a more accurate extrapolation of dosage and intoxication level to humans. A porcine model of AUD possesses great translational potential that can significantly advance our current understanding of the complex development and continuance of AUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo K Shin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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19
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Lees B, Stapinski LA, Teesson M, Squeglia LM, Jacobus J, Mewton L. Problems experienced by children from families with histories of substance misuse: An ABCD study®. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108403. [PMID: 33229052 PMCID: PMC7750301 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are significant knowledge gaps of the vulnerabilities faced by youth from families with histories of alcohol or substance misuse. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of problems experienced by substance-naive children with positive family histories of substance misuse (FHP). METHODS Baseline data from up to 11,873 children (52.1 % male), aged 9.0-10.9 years (M = 9.9 ± 0.6), enrolled in the US-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® were utilized. Mixed models tested cross-sectional associations between family history of substance misuse, assessed categorically and continuously, with neurobiological, cognitive, behavioral, and psychological outcomes, when controlling for confounding factors, including family history of psychopathology, and correcting for multiple comparisons. RESULTS One in four (26.3 %) youth were categorized as FHP (defined as ≥ one parent or ≥ two grandparents with misuse history). Controlling for confounding, FHP youth exhibited thinner whole cortices and greater surface area in frontal and occipital regions than youth with no such history (|ds|≥0.04, ps<.001). FHP youth experienced greater psychopathology and sleep disturbance (|ds|≥0.36, ps<.001) and were more likely to be diagnosed with multiple mental disorders (odds ratios≥1.22, ps<.001), with severity of effects dependent on family history density of substance misuse. Differences in cognition, impulsivity, and motivation were non-significant. Psychopathology, mental disorders, and sleep disturbance were negatively correlated with various neural indices (|rs|=0.01-0.05, ps<.05). CONCLUSIONS At age 9-10 years, FHP youth can experience numerous problems, with psychopathology and mental disorders being some of the most significant. Therefore, prevention efforts should target psychopathology vulnerabilities in FHP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, 11 Botany St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Orban C, McGonigle J, Flechais RS, Paterson LM, Elliott R, Erritzoe D, Ersche KD, Murphy A, Nestor LJ, Passetti F, Reed LJ, Ribeiro AS, Smith DG, Suckling J, Taylor EM, Waldman AD, Wing VC, Deakin JW, Robbins TW, Nutt DJ, Lingford‐Hughes AR, Nutt D, Lingford‐Hughes A, Paterson L, McGonigle J, Flechais R, Orban C, Deakin B, Elliott R, Murphy A, Taylor E, Robbins T, Ersche K, Suckling J, Smith D, Reed L, Passetti F, Faravelli L, Erritzoe D, Mick I, Kalk N, Waldman A, Nestor L, Kuchibatla S, Boyapati V, Metastasio A, Faluyi Y, Fernandez‐Egea E, Abbott S, Sahakian B, Voon V, Rabiner I. Chronic alcohol exposure differentially modulates structural and functional properties of amygdala: A cross‐sectional study. Addict Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Orban
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition National University of Singapore Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, ECE & CIRC National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - John McGonigle
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Remy S.A. Flechais
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Louise M. Paterson
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - David Erritzoe
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Liam J. Nestor
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
- Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Filippo Passetti
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Laurence J. Reed
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Andre S. Ribeiro
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Dana G. Smith
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - John Suckling
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Eleanor M. Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Adam D. Waldman
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Imperial College London London UK
| | - Victoria C. Wing
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - J.F. William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - David J. Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
| | - Anne R. Lingford‐Hughes
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK
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21
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Convergent Evidence for Predispositional Effects of Brain Gray Matter Volume on Alcohol Consumption. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:645-655. [PMID: 31699293 PMCID: PMC7412715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has been reliably associated with smaller subcortical and cortical regional gray matter volumes (GMVs). Whether these associations reflect shared predisposing risk factors or causal consequences of alcohol use remains poorly understood. METHODS Data came from 3 neuroimaging samples (N = 2423), spanning childhood or adolescence to middle age, with prospective or family-based data. First, we identified replicable GMV correlates of alcohol use. Next, we used family-based and longitudinal data to test whether these associations may plausibly reflect a predispositional liability for alcohol use or a causal consequence of alcohol use. Finally, we used heritability, gene-set enrichment, and transcriptome-wide association study approaches to evaluate whether genome-wide association study-defined genomic risk for alcohol consumption is enriched for genes that are preferentially expressed in regions that were identified in our neuroimaging analyses. RESULTS Smaller right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (i.e., middle and superior frontal gyri) and insula GMVs were associated with increased alcohol use across samples. Family-based and prospective longitudinal data suggest that these associations are genetically conferred and that DLPFC GMV prospectively predicts future use and initiation. Genomic risk for alcohol use was enriched in gene sets that were preferentially expressed in the DLPFC and was associated with replicable differential gene expression in the DLPFC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that smaller DLPFC and insula GMV plausibly represent genetically conferred predispositional risk factors for, as opposed to consequences of, alcohol use. DLPFC and insula GMV represent promising biomarkers for alcohol-consumption liability and related psychiatric and behavioral phenotypes.
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22
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Pi-Ruano M, Tejero P. Early Signs of Emotional Recognition Deficits in Adolescent High-Binge Drinkers. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:218-229. [PMID: 31535586 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1662810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Emotional dysregulation, measured with face recognition tasks, is prevalent in alcohol use disorders (AUD), constituting a risk factor for alcohol use and relapse. It is not clear however whether emotional dysregulation is a by-product of alcohol consumption, or if it can act as a predisposing factor for AUD. Objective: Our aim was to examine early signs of emotional dysregulation in adolescent drinkers. Method: Twenty-four high-school students and 24 university students completed two tasks. On the first one, participants had to gradually increment the emotional content of different faces until they could perceive an emotional expression (emotion perception threshold task). We also examined the propensity to perceive fearful expressions in an emotion identification task. Participants were semantically primed with emotion words (i.e., "fear"), and they then had to indicate whether a neutral-fearful facial composite matched the prime. Results: Using repeated-measures ANOVAS, in the emotion perception threshold task, "happy" faces were the easiest to detect and "sad" ones the hardest. For high school students there was a differential response pattern depending on binge scores, such that High-binge drinkers found it easier to detect a sad face but harder to detect a happy one compared to Low-binge drinkers. In the facial emotion identification task, Low-binge drinkers observed more fearful expressions compared to High-binge drinkers. Conclusions: Differences in emotional processing in young adolescents depending on drinking habits point towards the relevance of emotional dysregulation as an early sign of AUD. These findings could help develop novel diagnostic and treatment tools for young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Pi-Ruano
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Tejero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Filippi I, Hoertel N, Artiges E, Airagnes G, Guérin-Langlois C, Seigneurie AS, Frère P, Dubol M, Guillon F, Lemaître H, Rahim M, Martinot JL, Limosin F. Family history of alcohol use disorder is associated with brain
structural and functional changes in healthy first-degree relatives. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 62:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Neuroimaging studies of vulnerability to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
have identified structural and functional variations which might reflect
inheritable features in alcohol-naïve relatives of AUD individuals (FH+)
compared to controls having no such family history (FH-). However, prior
research did not simultaneously account for childhood maltreatment, any
clinically significant disorder and maternal AUD. Therefore, we mainly
aimed to investigate the brain structure and reward-related neural
activations (fMRI), using whole-brain analysis in FH+ young adults with
no prevalent confounders.
Methods:
46 FH+ and 45 FH- male and female participants had no severe
childhood maltreatment exposure, neither any psychiatric disorder or
AUD, nor a prenatal exposure to maternal AUD. We used a 3 T MRI coupled
with a whole brain voxel-based method to compare between groups the grey
matter volumes and activations in response to big
versus small wins during a Monetary
Incentive Delay task. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score was used
as confounding variable in the analyses to account for the remaining
variance between groups.
Results:
Compared to FH- controls, FH+ participants had smaller grey matter
volumes in the frontal and cingulate regions as well as in the bilateral
nucleus accumbens and right insula. The FH+ participants’ fMRI datasets
denoted a blunted activation in the middle cingulum with respect to FH-
controls’ during the processing of reward magnitude, and a greater
activation in the anterior cingulum in response to anticipation of a
small win.
Conclusions:
Family history of alcohol use disorder is linked to structural and
functional variations including brain regions involved in reward
processes.
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24
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Maksimovskiy AL, Oot EN, Seraikas AM, Rieselbach M, Caine C, Sneider JT, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Harris SK, Nickerson LD, Rohan ML, Silveri MM. Morphometric Biomarkers of Adolescents With Familial Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2354-2366. [PMID: 31529792 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many adolescents exhibit risky behavior, teenagers with a family history (FH+) of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at a heightened risk for earlier initiation of alcohol use, a more rapid escalation in frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and developing a subsequent AUD in comparison with youth without such family history (FH-). Neuroanatomically, developmentally normative risk-taking behavior parallels an imbalance between more protracted development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and earlier development of limbic regions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived volumetric properties were obtained for these structures in FH+ and FH- adolescents. METHODS Forty-two substance-naïve adolescents (13- to 14-year-olds), stratified into FH+ (N = 19, 13 girls) and FH- (N = 23, 11 girls) age/handedness-matched groups, completed MRI scanning at 3.0T, as well as cognitive and clinical testing. T1 images were processed using FreeSurfer to measure PFC and hippocampi/amygdalae subfields/nuclei volumes. RESULTS FH+ status was associated with larger hippocampal/amygdala volumes (p < 0.05), relative to FH- adolescents, with right amygdala results appearing to be driven by FH+ boys. Volumetric differences also were positively associated with family history density (p < 0.05) of having an AUD. Larger subfields/nuclei volumes were associated with higher anxiety levels and worse auditory verbal learning performance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FH+ risk for AUD is detectable via neuromorphometric characteristics, which precede alcohol use onset and the potential onset of a later AUD, that are associated with emotional and cognitive measures. It is plausible that the development of limbic regions might be altered in FH+ youth, even prior to the onset of alcohol use, which could increase later risk. Thus, targeted preventative measures are warranted that serve to delay the onset of alcohol use in youth, particularly in those who are FH+ for an AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy L Maksimovskiy
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily N Oot
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna M Seraikas
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Maya Rieselbach
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyn Caine
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sion K Harris
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa D Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Applied Neuroimaging Statistics Lab, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Michael L Rohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Marisa M Silveri
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Holla B, Bharath RD, Venkatasubramanian G, Benegal V. Altered brain cortical maturation is found in adolescents with a family history of alcoholism. Addict Biol 2019; 24:835-845. [PMID: 30058761 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance-naïve offspring from high-density alcohol use disorder (AUD) families exhibit altered subcortical brain volumes structurally and altered executive-functioning and emotion-processing functionally, compared with their peers. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring alterations of cortical thickness (CTh) in this population. T1-weighted structural brain MRI was acquired in 75 substance-naïve male offspring of treatment-seeking early onset (<25 years) AUD patients with high familial loading of AUDs (≥2 affected relatives) (FHP) and 65 age-matched substance-naïve male controls with negative family history from the community. Surface-based CTh reconstruction was done using FreeSurfer. Univariate general linear models were implemented at each vertex using SurfStat, controlling for age (linear and quadratic effects), and head size, to examine the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh and its relationship with externalizing symptom score (ESS). A Johnson-Neyman procedure revealed that the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh was seen during adolescence, where the FHP group had thicker cortices involving bilateral precentral gyri, left caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral temporo-parietal junction, left inferior-frontal gyrus and right inferior-temporal gyrus. Thicker cortices in left MFG and inferior-parietal lobule were also associated with greater ESS within both groups. More importantly, these group differences diminished with age by young adulthood. Familial AUD risk is associated with age-related differences in maturation of several higher order association cortices that are critical to ongoing development in executive function, emotion regulation and social cognition during adolescence. Early supportive intervention for a delay in alcohol initiation during this critical phase may be crucial for this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Cognitive Neuroscience Centre and Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional RadiologyNIMHANS India
| | | | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) India
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26
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Comstock SM, Vaidya JG, Niciu MJ. Neurophysiological Correlates and Differential Drug Response in Subjects With a Family History of an Alcohol Use Disorder. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019865267. [PMID: 31511840 PMCID: PMC6738944 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019865267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A family history of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been shown to increase one's risk of developing an AUD. Additionally, a positive family history of AUD (family history positive (FHP)) has neurobiological and neuropsychopharmacological consequences, and this review summarizes differential drug response as well as neuroanatomical and neurocognitive correlates. FHP status is related to altered responses to a number of drugs, including substances with abuse liability like alcohol, opioids, amphetamines, and ketamine. FHP individuals demonstrate fewer aversive effects and more rewarding response to both alcohol and subanesthetic dose ketamine. Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant, and several studies have reported that ketamine is more effective for FHP treatment-resistant depressed individuals. In short, the reviewed neurophysiological differences may contribute to ketamine's enhanced antidepressant efficacy in FHP patients. Volumetric differences in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, neocortex, and cerebellum are commonly reported. Furthermore, FHP has also been associated with altered neurocognitive performance, e.g., increased impulsivity. The imaging and psychological literature supports a neurodevelopmental lag hypothesis in FHP youth. The review will further discuss these findings in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage M. Comstock
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jatin G. Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark J. Niciu
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
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27
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McPhee MD, Claus ED, Boileau I, Lee ACH, Graff-Guerrero A, Hendershot CS. Does Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder Relate to Differences in Regional Brain Volumes? A Descriptive Review with New Data. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2369-2384. [PMID: 30204241 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in regional brain volumes as a function of family history (FH) of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been reported, and it has been suggested that these differences might index genetic risk for AUD. However, results have been inconsistent. The aims of the current study were (i) to provide an updated descriptive review of the existing literature and (ii) to examine the association of FH with indices of subcortical volumes and cortical thickness in a sample of youth recruited based on FH status. METHODS To address aim 1, a literature search located 15 published studies comprising 1,735 participants. Studies were characterized according to population, analytic methods, regions of interest, and primary findings. To address the second aim, we examined volumetric and cortical thickness in a sample of 69 youth (mean age = 19.71 years, SD = 0.79) recruited based on FH status and matched on drinking variables. Associations of sex and alcohol use with volumetric outcomes were also examined. RESULTS Our descriptive review revealed an inconsistent pattern of results with respect to the presence, direction, and regional specificity of volumetric differences across FH groups. The most consistent finding, significantly smaller amygdala volumes in FH+ participants, was not replicated in all studies. In the current sample of youth, measures of subcortical volumes and cortical thickness did not significantly differ as a function of FH, sex, or their interaction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for FH group differences in regional brain volumes is inconsistent, and the current study failed to detect any group differences. Further research is needed to confirm the reproducibility of FH group differences and implications for AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D McPhee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric D Claus
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Cheetham A, Allen NB, Whittle S, Simmons J, Yücel M, Lubman DI. Amygdala volume mediates the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence: A prospective study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 276:46-52. [PMID: 29661490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes as mediators of the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence. Externalizing behaviors are among the most robust predictors of adolescent smoking, and there is emerging evidence that volume reductions in the amygdala and OFC are associated with risk for substance misuse as well as aggressive, impulsive, and disinhibited tendencies. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we recruited 109 adolescents who provided data on brain volume and externalizing behaviors at age 12, and on smoking at age 18. Daily smoking at age 18 (n = 27) was predicted by externalizing behaviors (measured by the self-report Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) as well as smaller right amygdala volumes. Right amygdala volumes mediated the relationship between externalizing symptoms and later smoking. These findings provide important insight into the neurobiological risk factors associated with adolescent smoking, and, more generally, into factors that may be associated with vulnerability to substance use disorders and related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia.
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29
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Hill SY. Familial Risk for Alcohol Dependence and Brain Morphology: The Role of Cortical Thickness Across the Lifespan. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018. [PMID: 29532487 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Y Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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30
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Henderson KE, Vaidya JG, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Langbehn DR, O'Leary DS. Cortical Thickness in Adolescents with a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:89-99. [PMID: 29105114 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a family history (FH+) of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a higher risk for developing an AUD than those with no family history (FH-) of AUD. In addition, FH+ individuals tend to perform worse on neuropsychological measures and show heightened impulsivity, which may be due to underlying differences in brain structure such as cortical thickness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate differences in cortical thickness in FH+ compared to FH- adolescents. Secondary aims were to (i) investigate differences in executive functioning and impulsivity, and (ii) examine associations between brain structure and behavior. METHODS Brain scans of 95 FH- and 93 FH+ subjects aged 13 to 18 were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. FH+ subjects were required to have at least 1 biological parent with a history of an AUD. FH+ and FH- individuals had limited or no past alcohol use, thereby minimizing potential effects of alcohol. Subjects were evaluated on impulsivity and executive functioning tasks. Thicknesses of cortical lobes and subregions were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Regions showing group differences were examined for group-by-age interactions and correlations with neuropsychological and personality measures. RESULTS FH+ adolescents had thinner cortices in frontal and parietal lobes, notably in the medial orbitofrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and superior parietal cortices. The difference in cortical thickness between family history groups was strongest among the youngest subjects. FH+ subjects were also more impulsive and had poorer performance on a spatial memory task. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate frontal and parietal structural differences in FH+ adolescents that might underlie cognitive and behavioral characteristics associated with AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Henderson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jatin G Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel S O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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31
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O'Brien JW, Hill SY. Neural predictors of substance use disorders in Young adulthood. Psychiatry Res 2017; 268:22-26. [PMID: 28843088 PMCID: PMC5604841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Offspring from multiplex, alcohol-dependent families are at heightened risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescence and young adulthood. These high-risk offspring have also been shown to have atypical structure and function of brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, social cognition, and reward processing. This study assessed the relationship between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes obtained in adolescence and SUD outcomes in young adulthood among high-risk offspring and low-risk controls. A total of 78 participants (40 high-risk; 38 low-risk) from a longitudinal family study, ages 8-19, underwent magnetic resonance imaging; volumes of the amygdala and OFC were obtained with manual tracing. SUD outcomes were assessed at approximately yearly intervals. Cox regression survival analyses were used to assess the effect of regional brain volumes on SUD outcomes. The ratio of OFC to amygdala volume significantly predicted SUD survival time across the sample; reduction in survival time was seen in those with smaller ratios for both high-risk and low-risk groups. Morphology of prefrontal relative to limbic regions in adolescence prospectively predicts age of onset for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shirley Y Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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32
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Heikkinen N, Niskanen E, Könönen M, Tolmunen T, Kekkonen V, Kivimäki P, Tanila H, Laukkanen E, Vanninen R. Alcohol consumption during adolescence is associated with reduced grey matter volumes. Addiction 2017; 112:604-613. [PMID: 27865039 DOI: 10.1111/add.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cognitive impairment has been associated with excessive alcohol use, but its neural basis is poorly understood. Chronic excessive alcohol use in adolescence may lead to neuronal loss and volumetric changes in the brain. Our objective was to compare the grey matter volumes of heavy- and light-drinking adolescents. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study: heavy-drinking adolescents without an alcohol use disorder and their light-drinking controls were followed-up for 10 years using questionnaires at three time-points. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at the last time-point. SETTING The area near Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. PARTICIPANTS The 62 participants were aged 22-28 years and included 35 alcohol users and 27 controls who had been followed-up for approximately 10 years. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol use was measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)-C at three time-points during 10 years. Participants were selected based on their AUDIT-C score. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at the last time-point. Grey matter volume was determined and compared between heavy- and light-drinking groups using voxel-based morphometry on three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using predefined regions of interest and a threshold of P < 0.05, with small volume correction applied on cluster level. FINDINGS Grey matter volumes were significantly smaller among heavy-drinking participants in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, right orbitofrontal and frontopolar cortex, right superior temporal gyrus and right insular cortex compared to the control group (P < 0.05, family-wise error-corrected cluster level). CONCLUSIONS Excessive alcohol use during adolescence appears to be associated with an abnormal development of the brain grey matter. Moreover, the structural changes detected in the insula of alcohol users may reflect a reduced sensitivity to alcohol's negative subjective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heikkinen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eini Niskanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kekkonen
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Kivimäki
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eila Laukkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
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Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Perspectives on fronto-fugal circuitry from human imaging of alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:189-200. [PMID: 28118989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Descriptions of the cognitive functions affected by alcohol use disorders (AUD) often highlight dysfunction of executive processes such attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Such complex cognitive functions have historically been ascribed to the prefrontal cortex. AUD, however, disrupts extensive areas of the brain. Structural and functional MRI studies suggest a central role for degradation of circuitry originating in the prefrontal cortex including nodes in widespread brain regions. This review features fronto-fugal circuits affected by AUD including frontocerebellar, frontolimbic, and frontostriatal networks and their relations to the salient, enduring, and debilitating cognitive and motor deficits reported in AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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34
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Sharma VK, Hill SY. Differentiating the Effects of Familial Risk for Alcohol Dependence and Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol on Offspring Brain Morphology. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:312-322. [PMID: 28084631 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring with a family history of alcohol dependence (AD) have been shown to have altered structural and functional integrity of corticolimbic brain structures. Similarly, prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with a variety of structural and functional brain changes. The goal of this study was to differentiate the brain gray matter volumetric differences associated with familial risk and prenatal exposure to alcohol among offspring while controlling for lifetime personal exposures to alcohol and drugs. METHODS A total of 52 high-risk (HR) offspring from maternal multiplex families with a high proportion of AD were studied along with 55 low-risk (LR) offspring. Voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) software using 3T structural images from these offspring to identify gray matter volume differences associated with familial risk and prenatal exposure. RESULTS Significant familial risk group differences were seen with HR males showing reduced volume of the left inferior temporal, left fusiform, and left and right insula regions relative to LR males, controlling for prenatal exposure to alcohol drugs and cigarettes. HR females showed a reduction in the right fusiform but also showed a reduction in volume in portions of the cerebellum (left crus I and left lobe 8). Prenatal alcohol exposure effects, assessed within the familial HR group, was associated with reduced right middle cingulum and left middle temporal volume. Even low exposure resulting from mothers drinking in amounts less than the median of those who drank (53 drinks or less over the course of the pregnancy) showed a reduction in volume in the right anterior cingulum and in the left cerebellum (lobes 4 and 5). CONCLUSIONS Familial risk for AD and prenatal exposure to alcohol and other drugs show independent effects on brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shirley Y Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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35
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Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Castilla-Ortega E, Pavón FJ, Sánchez-Marín L, Estivill-Torrús G, Pedraza C, Blanco E, Suárez J, Santín L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Both genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptor results in increased alcohol consumption. Neuropharmacology 2016; 103:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Charpentier J, Dzemidzic M, West J, Oberlin BG, Eiler WJA, Saykin AJ, Kareken DA. Externalizing personality traits, empathy, and gray matter volume in healthy young drinkers. Psychiatry Res 2016; 248:64-72. [PMID: 26778367 PMCID: PMC4760619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology has been linked to prefrontal abnormalities. While clinically diagnosed subjects show altered frontal gray matter, it is unknown if similar deficits relate to externalizing traits in non-clinical populations. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to retrospectively analyze the cerebral gray matter volume of 176 young adult social to heavy drinkers (mean age=24.0±2.9, male=83.5%) from studies of alcoholism risk. We hypothesized that prefrontal gray matter volume and externalizing traits would be correlated. Externalizing personality trait components-Boredom Susceptibility-Impulsivity (BS/IMP) and Empathy/Low Antisocial Behaviors (EMP/LASB)-were tested for correlations with gray matter partial volume estimates (gmPVE). Significantly large clusters (pFWE<0.05, family-wise whole-brain corrected) of gmPVE correlated with EMP/LASB in dorsolateral and medial prefrontal regions, and in occipital cortex. BS/IMP did not correlate with gmPVE, but one scale of impulsivity (Eysenck I7) correlated positively with bilateral inferior frontal/orbitofrontal, and anterior insula gmPVE. In this large sample of community-dwelling young adults, antisocial behavior/low empathy corresponded with reduced prefrontal and occipital gray matter, while impulsivity correlated with increased inferior frontal and anterior insula cortical volume. These findings add to a literature indicating that externalizing personality features involve altered frontal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Charpentier
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John West
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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38
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Opel N, Zwanzger P, Redlich R, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Arolt V, Heindel W, Kugel H, Dannlowski U. Differing brain structural correlates of familial and environmental risk for major depressive disorder revealed by a combined VBM/pattern recognition approach. Psychol Med 2016; 46:277-290. [PMID: 26355299 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging traits of either familial or environmental risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) have been interpreted as possibly useful vulnerability markers. However, the simultaneous occurrence of familial and environmental risk might prove to be a major obstacle in the attempt of recent studies to confine the precise impact of each of these conditions on brain structure. Moreover, the exclusive use of group-level analyses does not permit prediction of individual illness risk which would be the basic requirement for the clinical application of imaging vulnerability markers. Hence, we aimed to distinguish between brain structural characteristics of familial predisposition and environmental stress by using both group- and individual-level analyses. METHOD We investigated grey matter alterations between 20 healthy control subjects (HC) and 20 MDD patients; 16 healthy first-degree relatives of MDD patients (FH+) and 20 healthy subjects exposed to former childhood maltreatment (CM+) by using a combined VBM/pattern recognition approach. RESULTS We found similar grey matter reductions in the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex in patients and FH+ subjects and in the hippocampus in patients and CM+ subjects. No direct overlap in grey matter alterations was found between FH+ and CM+ subjects. Pattern classification successfully detected subjects at risk for the disease even by strictly focusing on morphological traits of MDD. CONCLUSIONS Familial and environmental risk factors for MDD are associated with differing morphometric anomalies. Pattern recognition might be a promising instrument in the search for and future application of vulnerability markers for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Opel
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - P Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - R Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - D Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - K Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - W Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - H Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - U Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
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39
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Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 158:8-21. [PMID: 26559000 PMCID: PMC4698007 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a family history of alcoholism are at much greater risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) than youth or adults without such history. A large body of research suggests that there are premorbid differences in brain structure and function in family history positive (FHP) individuals relative to their family history negative (FHN) peers. METHODS This review summarizes the existing literature on neurobiological phenotypes present in FHP youth and adults by describing findings across neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS Neuroimaging studies have shown FHP individuals differ from their FHN peers in amygdalar, hippocampal, basal ganglia, and cerebellar volume. Both increased and decreased white matter integrity has been reported in FHP individuals compared with FHN controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have found altered inhibitory control and working memory-related brain response in FHP youth and adults, suggesting neural markers of executive functioning may be related to increased vulnerability for developing AUDs in this population. Additionally, brain activity differences in regions involved in bottom-up reward and emotional processing, such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, have been shown in FHP individuals relative to their FHN peers. CONCLUSIONS It is critical to understand premorbid neural characteristics that could be associated with cognitive, reward-related, or emotional risk factors that increase risk for AUDs in FHP individuals. This information may lead to the development of neurobiologically informed prevention and intervention studies focused on reducing the incidence of AUDs in high-risk youth and adults.
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40
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Hill SY, O'Brien J. Psychological and Neurobiological Precursors of Alcohol Use Disorders in High Risk Youth. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2015; 2:104-113. [PMID: 26301172 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-015-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) run in families with substantial heritability. Determining the specific genetic underpinnings of these disorders has been challenging because of the clinical heterogeneity and variable expression across the lifespan. The search for endophenotypic biological variation associated with the AUD and related substance use disorder (SUD) phenotypes is based on the belief that an endophenotype is more proximal to the causative gene. Identification of genes conferring increased susceptibility has important implications for treatment through the potential development of medications that target specific genetic pathways. High risk family designs that contrast offspring with and without a familial/genetic background have provided valuable insights into the psychological characteristics (executive control, affective regulation, decision making and social cognition) that differentiate such individuals. The current chapter will review these with a focus on brain morphology of specific regions, the coordinated activity of neural networks, and developmental trajectories of electrophysiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Y Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 ; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 ; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jessica O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
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