1
|
Kuwaba K, Kusubata M, Saito M, Mizuno K. Dietary Collagen Peptides Ameliorate the Mood Status of Fatigue and Vigor: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparative Trial. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39291817 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2399343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The mood status of fatigue can impact daily activities. Dietary collagen peptides have been reported to be beneficial for health conditions. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study investigated the effects of collagen peptides on mood status including fatigue, physical condition, and immunological status. The participants who were healthy but easily fatigued consumed active food containing collagen peptides (10 g/day) (n = 33) or placebo food (n = 33) for eight weeks. POMS® 2 was used to assess the perceived fatigue and other mood status. The primary outcome was the T-scores of Fatigue-Inertias at eight weeks. In addition, their physical condition and immunological parameters were evaluated. The data set was a per protocol set of 31 participants each in both groups. As for POMS® 2, the T-score of Fatigue-Inertias at eight weeks was significantly lower in the active group than in the placebo group (47.0 ± 7.4 versus 51.5 ± 9.0, p = 0.045). The T-score of Vigor-Activity was significantly higher in the active group than in the placebo group after eight weeks (53.9 ± 10.7 versus 47.3 ± 9.6, p = 0.002). Regarding the questionnaire on the physical condition, the Likert scale score on fatigue after a night's sleep at eight weeks was significantly lower in the active group than in the placebo group (median; 3.0 versus 4.0, p = 0.038). There were no significant differences in the measured values of immunological parameters. No safety-related issues were reported in this trial. The intake of collagen peptides (10 g/day) for eight weeks ameliorated the mood status of fatigue and vigor and increased the feeling of sleep restfulness. Dietary collagen peptides were efficient and safe nutritional ingredients for healthy but easily fatigued individuals.Clinical trial registry number and website: UMIN-CTR, UMIN000042291 https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048280.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kuwaba
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Kusubata
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Maki Saito
- Gelatin Division, Nippi Inc., Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prasad A, Kumar P, Marithammanahalli Faneesha G, Kumar C. Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia masquerading as a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode following vaccination in an infant. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e257093. [PMID: 38782422 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) is an inborn error of glycine metabolism with autosomal recessive inheritance. A female infant presented to our emergency department with intractable seizures, lethargy and hypotonia, 2 weeks after her routine vaccination. Detailed infective and metabolic workup revealed normal blood sugar, ketone, lactate ammonia, and a high level of glycine in serum and cerebrospinal fluid suggesting NKH. Diagnosis of NKH was further confirmed on genetic analysis for AMT gene mutation. The child showed clinical improvement with oral sodium benzoate. Here, we report the inheritance, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, genetic confirmation, management and prognosis of a child with NKH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Chandramohan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomas C, Kingshott RN, Allott KM, Tang JCY, Dunn R, Fraser WD, Thorley J, Virgilio N, Prawitt J, Hogervorst E, Škarabot J, Clifford T. Collagen peptide supplementation before bedtime reduces sleep fragmentation and improves cognitive function in physically active males with sleep complaints. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:323-335. [PMID: 37874350 PMCID: PMC10799148 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a glycine-rich collagen peptides (CP) supplement could enhance sleep quality in physically active men with self-reported sleep complaints. METHODS In a randomized, crossover design, 13 athletic males (age: 24 ± 4 years; training volume; 7 ± 3 h·wk1) with sleep complaints (Athens Insomnia Scale, 9 ± 2) consumed CP (15 g·day1) or a placebo control (CON) 1 h before bedtime for 7 nights. Sleep quality was measured with subjective sleep diaries and actigraphy for 7 nights; polysomnographic sleep and core temperature were recorded on night 7. Cognition, inflammation, and endocrine function were measured on night 7 and the following morning. Subjective sleepiness and fatigue were measured on all 7 nights. The intervention trials were separated by ≥ 7 days and preceded by a 7-night familiarisation trial. RESULTS Polysomnography showed less awakenings with CP than CON (21.3 ± 9.7 vs. 29.3 ± 13.8 counts, respectively; P = 0.028). The 7-day average for subjective awakenings were less with CP vs. CON (1.3 ± 1.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 counts, respectively; P = 0.023). The proportion of correct responses on the baseline Stroop cognitive test were higher with CP than CON (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.97 ± 0.05 AU, respectively; P = 0.009) the morning after night 7. There were no trial differences in core temperature, endocrine function, inflammation, subjective sleepiness, fatigue and sleep quality, or other measures of cognitive function or sleep (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION CP supplementation did not influence sleep quantity, latency, or efficiency, but reduced awakenings and improved cognitive function in physically active males with sleep complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Thomas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Ruth N Kingshott
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, The Sleep House, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty M Allott
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, The Sleep House, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology Norfolk, Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Dunn
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology Norfolk, Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology Norfolk, Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Josh Thorley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | | | | | - Eef Hogervorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jakob Škarabot
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116973. [PMID: 37517566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the rapid pace of modern society, chronic insomnia has become universal phenomenon. In China, Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) has been used in treating chronic insomnia for thousands of years, but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the chemical composition of BXSMD and its effects on Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in mice with chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS was applied in determining the chemical composition of BXSMD. After 21-day sleep deprivation (SD) in platform water environment, CSD mice model was prepared. By conducting open field test, 24-h autonomic diurnal and nocturnal activity of mice in each group was detected. ELISA was employed to measure the contents of 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, Glu, and MT. With RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA and protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were tested. RESULTS BXSMD included ferulic acid, kaverol, daidzein, apigenin, berberine, adenosine, aesculin, vanillin, naringin, and glycine, which might constitute the material basis forthe improvement of chronic insomnia. With BXSMD, the total moving distance and the rest time in dark period of CSD mice were shortened, while its rest time in light period was increased. Besides, BXSMD enhanced the contents of 5-HT, GABA, and MT in CSD mice, and decreased the contents of Glu, NE, and DA. BXSMD elevated the mRNA of Esr1 and Esr2, and elevated the protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of CSD mice. CONCLUSIONS BXSMD contains various chemical components for sleep-wake regulation, with the mechanism of stimulating estrogen signaling pathway by regulating the expressions of ESR1 and ESR2, ultimately realizing the regulation to sleep-wake disorder caused by CSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jinni Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bae GY, Ko K, Yang E, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Combined Effects of Ziziphus jujuba, Dimocarpus longan, and Lactuca sativa on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling. Foods 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 38201029 PMCID: PMC10778002 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the increase in the sleep-promoting effects based on the mixed ratio of botanical extracts, Ziziphus jujuba seeds, Dimocarpus longan fruits, and Lactuca sativa leaves, using animal models. Behavioral analyses, including an analysis of the total sleep time of Drosophila melanogaster, were conducted to select the optimal mixed ratio of the three botanical extracts. The effects were verified in a caffeine-induced sleepless model, specific neurotransmitter receptor antagonists, and ICR mice. In D. melanogaster exposed to 2.0% of each extract, group behavior was significantly reduced, and the mixed extracts of Z. jujuba, D. longan, and L. sativa (4:1:1 and 1:4:1) significantly increased the total sleep time with individual fruit flies. In the caffeine-induced insomnia model, mixed extracts (4:1:1 and 1:4:1) led to the highest increase in total sleep time. An analysis of locomotor ability revealed a significant reduction in the mobility percentage in the mixed extract groups (0:0:1, 1:0:1, 1:1:1, 4:1:1, and 1:4:1). The administration of Z. jujuba extract and mixed extracts (4:1:1) significantly increased the expression of GABAA-R, whereas the administration of the mixed extracts (4:1:1) and (1:4:1) significantly increased the expression of GABAB-R1 and GABAB-R2, respectively. D. longan extract and the mixed ratio (1:4:1) reduced the subjective nighttime movement and increased the total sleep time in the presence of flumazenil. An analysis of ICR mice indicated that the administration of mixed extracts (4:1:1) significantly increased sleep duration in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the mixed ratio of Z. jujuba, D. longan, and L. sativa extracts, particularly the mixed ratio of 4:1:1, may have sleep-enhancing effects in fruit flies and mice. The study also identified changes in gene expression related to GABA receptors, indicating the potential mechanism for the observed sleep-promoting effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yeon Bae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.B.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Kayoung Ko
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.-S.P.)
| | - Eunseon Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.-S.P.)
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.-S.P.)
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.B.); (H.J.S.)
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (E.Y.); (S.-S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ono T, Nishino N, Iwai Y, Iwai Y, Sakai N, Kuroki Y, Nishino S. Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) enhances wakefulness during active periods but facilitates sleep during resting periods in C57BL/6 mice. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4298-4309. [PMID: 37968729 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the Eurycoma longifolia (also known as Tongkat Ali [TA]) on sleep and wakefulness was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. While TA has been used as an aphrodisiac in males, it exhibits various pharmacological effects. The most notable effect observed with TA was wake-enhancement during the second half of the active period, accompanied by significant elevations in core body temperature (CBT). In contrast, sleep was enhanced during the resting period (i.e., increase in rapid eye movement [REM] sleep and delta electroencephalography [EEG] power in non-REM sleep) with significant declines in CBT. The transition of TA's effects between resting and active periods was rapid. The results of the experiments in constant darkness indicate that TA prolongs the circadian tau and that this transition is governed by circadian clock mechanisms rather than light exposure. TA did not demonstrate efficacy in aiding sleep in an acute stress-induced insomnia model; thus, TA may be more suitable as a wake-enhancing agent for daytime sleepiness, as sleep propensity tends to accumulate towards the end of active period. Since TA amplifies the rest-activity pattern, prolongs circadian tau and increases REM sleep, thereby reversing some common symptoms seen in elderly subjects, it may also hold promise as a rejuvenating medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Ono
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yusuke Iwai
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yumi Iwai
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yutaka Kuroki
- D-LAB, Japan Tobacco Inc., Minato, Japan
- Delightex Pte. Ltd., Singapore
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arizanovska D, Emodogo JA, Lally AP, Palavicino-Maggio CB, Liebl DJ, Folorunso OO. Cross species review of the physiological role of D-serine in translationally relevant behaviors. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1501-1517. [PMID: 37833512 PMCID: PMC10689556 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between preclinical models of neurological and psychiatric disorders with their human manifestations is necessary to understand their underlying mechanisms, identify biomarkers, and develop novel therapeutics. Cognitive and social impairments underlie multiple neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders and are often comorbid with sleep disturbances, which can exacerbate poor outcomes. Importantly, many symptoms are conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, although they may have subtle differences. Therefore, it is essential to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these behaviors across different species and their translatability to humans. Genome-wide association studies have indicated an association between glutamatergic gene variants and both the risk and frequency of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. For example, changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission, such as glutamate receptor subtype N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, in neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease, hyperactivation of NMDARs leads to synaptic damage. In addition to glutamate binding, NMDARs require the binding of a co-agonist D-serine or glycine to the GluN1 subunit to open. D-serine, which is racemized from L-serine by the neuronal enzyme serine racemase (SRR), and both SRR and D-serine are enriched in cortico-limbic brain regions. D-serine is critical for complex behaviors, such as cognition and social behavior, where dysregulation of its synthesis and release has been implicated in many pathological conditions. In this review, we explore the role of D-serine in behaviors that are translationally relevant to multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders in different models across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dena Arizanovska
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jada A Emodogo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Anna P Lally
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Caroline B Palavicino-Maggio
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurobiological Mechanisms of Aggression Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi O Folorunso
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiang X, Chen J, Zhu M, Gao H, Liu X, Wang Q. Multiomics Revealed the Multi-Dimensional Effects of Late Sleep on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Children in Northwest China. Nutrients 2023; 15:4315. [PMID: 37892391 PMCID: PMC10609417 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep plays a pivotal role in children's mental and physical development and has been linked to the gut microbiota in animals and adults. However, the characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolites and the relationship to late bedtimes in children remain unclear. Methods In total, 88 eligible children, aged from 3 to 8 years, were recruited and divided into two groups according to the bedtime collected by designed questionnaires (early, before 22:00: n = 48; late, after 22:00, n = 40). Stools and plasma samples were collected to examine the characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolites by shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics. Results The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota in children with early bedtime were significantly increased compared with the late ones. Coprococcus, Collinsella, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were significantly more abundant in children with early bedtime, while Bacteroides and Clostridium sp. CAG-253 were obviously enriched in the late ones. A total of 106 metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of ribonucleotide, peptidoglycan, and amino acids, and starch degradation were enriched in children with early bedtime, while 42 pathways were abundant in those with late bedtime. Notably, more gut microbial metabolites were observed in children with late bedtime, which included aldehyde, ketones, esters, amino acids and their metabolites, benzene and substituted derivatives, bile acids, heterocyclic compounds, nucleotide and metabolites, organic acid and derivatives, sugars and acyl carnitine. In plasma, fatty amides, lipids, amino acids, metabolites, hormones, and related compounds were enriched in children with early bedtime, while bile acids were higher in children with late bedtime. Association studies revealed that the different microbial species were correlated with metabolites from gut microbiota and plasma. Conclusions The results of our study revealed that the gut microbiota diversity and richness, and metabolic pathways were significantly extensive in children with early bedtime, whereas the gut microbial metabolites were significantly decreased, which might be related to gut microbial differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Huiyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.X.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oishi K, Yajima Y, Yoshida Y, Hagihara H, Miyakawa T, Higo-Yamamoto S, Toyoda A. Metabolic profiles of saliva in male mouse models of chronic sleep disorders induced by psychophysiological stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11156. [PMID: 37429932 PMCID: PMC10333369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disordered sleep is a global social problem and an established significant risk factor for psychological and metabolic diseases. We profiled non-targeted metabolites in saliva from mouse models of chronic sleep disorder (CSD). We identified 288 and 55 metabolites using CE-FTMS and LC-TOFMS, respectively, among which concentrations of 58 (CE-FTMS) and three (LC-TOFMS) were significantly changed by CSD. Pathway analysis revealed that CSD significantly suppressed glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Arginine and proline metabolic pathways were among those that were both upregulated and downregulated. Pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, genetic information processing, and the TCA cycle tended to be downregulated, whereas histidine metabolism tended to be upregulated in mice with CSD. Pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate and the glycemic amino acids alanine, glycine, methionine, proline, and threonine were significantly decreased, whereas 3-hydroxybutyric and 2-hydroxybutyric acids associated with ketosis were significantly increased, suggesting abnormal glucose metabolism in mice with CSD. Increases in the metabolites histamine and kynurenic acid that are associated with the central nervous system- and decreased glycine, might be associated with sleep dysregulation and impaired cognitive dysfunction in mice with CSD. Our findings suggested that profiling salivary metabolites could be a useful strategy for diagnosing CSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Yajima
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ibaraki Prefecture Livestock Research Center, Ishioka, Ibaraki, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshida
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hayashi T, Wada N, Kubota T, Koizumi C, Sakurai Y, Aihara M, Usami S, Yamauchi T, Kubota N. Associations of sleep quality with the skeletal muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:801-810. [PMID: 36934440 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are reported to be at a high risk for sarcopenia, and are known to have a poorer sleep quality. However, the association between sleep quality and skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not yet precisely understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 110 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 40-90 years were enrolled. The sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength was evaluated by measuring the grip strength. We also performed dietary surveys and measurements of the plasma amino acid levels. RESULTS A high total score on the PSQI was significantly associated with reduced muscle strength, and the association persisted even after adjustments for confounders. On the other hand, adjusted analysis did not reveal any significant associations between the PSQI total score and the skeletal muscle mass. In regard to the associations with subscores of the PSQI, the scores for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction were significantly negatively associated with the muscle strength. Although poor sleep quality was associated with a high confectionery intake and low plasma arginine, citrulline, and ornithine levels, neither confectionery intake levels nor the plasma levels of these amino acids was associated with the muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant association between the sleep quality and muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that poor sleep quality is an important risk factor for sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Wada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohashi Hospital, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Koizumi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakurai
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Aihara
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Langan-Evans C, Hearris MA, Gallagher C, Long S, Thomas C, Moss AD, Cheung W, Howatson G, Morton JP. Nutritional Modulation of Sleep Latency, Duration, and Efficiency: A Randomized, Repeated-Measures, Double-Blind Deception Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:289-300. [PMID: 36094342 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that a novel nutritional blend composed of tryptophan, glycine, magnesium, tart cherry powder, and l -theanine enhances subjective and objective measures of sleep during free living conditions. METHODS In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover and double-blind deception design, participants ( n = 9 males and 7 females, age = 24 ± 3 yr, body mass = 69.8 ± 11.6 kg, stature = 170.8 ± 9.1 cm) completed a 3-d familiarization period, followed by 3-d intervention and placebo trials. Subjective Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Index, Core Consensus Sleep Diary, and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale survey tools, alongside objective actigraphy measures of sleep, were assessed, with daily nutritional intake, activity, and light exposure standardized between trials. Participants provided daily urine samples for assessment of targeted and untargeted metabolomes. RESULTS The intervention trial reduced sleep onset latency (-24 ± 25 min; P = 0.002), increased total sleep time (22 ± 32 min; P = 0.01), and increased sleep efficiency (2.4% ± 3.9%; P = 0.03), while also reducing morning sleepiness ( P = 0.02). Throughout the study, 75% of participants remained blinded to sleep assessment as a primary outcome measure, with 56% subjectively indicating improved sleep during the intervention trial. Metabolomic analysis highlighted several significantly altered metabolomes related to sleep regulation between trials, inclusive of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, d -serine, and l -glutamic acid. CONCLUSIONS Data demonstrate that using the proposed blend of novel nutritional ingredients during free living conditions reduced sleep onset latency, increased total sleep duration, and increased sleep efficiency, leading to reduced perceptions of morning sleepiness. These effects may be mediated by the upregulation of key metabolites involved in the neurophysiological modulation of the sleep/wake cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Langan-Evans
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mark A Hearris
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Chloe Gallagher
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Stephen Long
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Craig Thomas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences (SSEHS) Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andrew D Moss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - William Cheung
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation and Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miyazaki K, Itoh N, Saiki P, Kuroki Y. Supplementation with Eurycoma longifolia Extract Modulates Diurnal Body Temperature Fluctuation and Sleep Rhythm in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:342-347. [PMID: 36047106 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali; TA) is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly known as Malaysian ginseng. The root tea has been traditionally applied to treat fevers, aches, sexual dysfunction and other ailments. We evaluated the effects of TA extract supplementation on diurnal core body temperature (BT) and sleep architecture in model mice. Dietary supplementation with TA extract for 4 wk resulted in significantly and moderately reduced BT during the rest and active phases, respectively. A high dose delayed the onset of BT elevation at the start of the active phase, indicating that the effect was dose-dependent. Electroencephalography findings revealed that dietary supplementation with TA extract changed sleep rhythms and delta power during the inactive phase of NREM sleep, indicating improved sleep quality. Our findings suggested that dietary TA extract could be a promising natural aid that alleviates sleep problems via thermoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koyomi Miyazaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Nanako Itoh
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Papawee Saiki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kobrzycka AT, Stankiewicz AM, Goscik J, Gora M, Burzynska B, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Pierzchala-Koziec K, Wieczorek M. Hypothalamic Neurochemical Changes in Long-Term Recovered Bilateral Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomized Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:869526. [PMID: 35874650 PMCID: PMC9304976 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.869526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vagus nerve is one of the crucial routes in communication between the immune and central nervous systems. The impaired vagal nerve function may intensify peripheral inflammatory processes. This effect subsides along with prolonged recovery after permanent nerve injury. One of the results of such compensation is a normalized plasma concentration of stress hormone corticosterone – a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this work, we strive to explain this corticosterone normalization by studying the mechanisms responsible for compensation-related neurochemical alterations in the hypothalamus. Materials and Methods Using microarrays and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured genome-wide gene expression and major amino acid neurotransmitters content in the hypothalamus of bilaterally vagotomized rats, 1 month after surgery. Results Our results show that, in the long term, vagotomy affects hypothalamic amino acids concentration but not mRNA expression of tested genes. Discussion We propose an alternative pathway of immune to CNS communication after vagotomy, leading to activation of the HPA axis, by influencing central amino acids and subsequent monoaminergic neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Teresa Kobrzycka
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łodz, Łodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Anna Teresa Kobrzycka,
| | - Adrian Mateusz Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Software Department, Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Gora
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Burzynska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Wieczorek
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łodz, Łodz, Poland
- Marek Wieczorek,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun YY, Wang Z, Zhou HY, Huang HC. Sleep-Wake Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1467-1478. [PMID: 35507669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, and it has become a serious health problem in the world. Senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are two main pathological characters of AD. SP mainly consists of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ), and NFT is formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Sleep-wake disorders are prevalent in AD patients; however, the links and mechanisms of sleep-wake disorders on the AD pathogenesis remain to be investigated. Here, we referred to the sleep-wake disorders and reviewed some evidence to demonstrate the relationship between sleep-wake disorders and the pathogenesis of AD. On one hand, the sleep-wake disorders may lead to the increase of Aβ production and the decrease of Aβ clearance, the spreading of tau pathology, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. On the other hand, the ApoE4 allele, a risk gene for AD, was reported to participate in sleep-wake disorders. Furthermore, some neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin, melatonin, and orexins, and their receptors were suggested to be involved in AD development and sleep-wake disorders. We discussed and suggested some possible therapeutic strategies for AD treatment based on the view of sleep regulation. In general, this review explored different views to find novel targets of diagnosis and therapy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - He-Yan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
NISHIMON SHOHEI. Sleep Basic Research on Verifying the Effects of Natural Compounds on Wakefulness or Sleep. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI = JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 68:115-119. [PMID: 38912281 PMCID: PMC11189786 DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj21-0022-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
I studied at the Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, from April 2018 to March 2020. At Stanford University, I mainly researched the following themes: (1) sleep basic research using mice (administering compounds with sleep or wakefulness effects to mice and examining their effects), and (2) research on circadian rhythm disorders. There are only a few institutions in the world that can conduct sleep basic research using mice, and Stanford University is a wonderful environment to immerse yourself in research, as it is home to not only psychiatrists but also neurologists and many basic researchers. In this article, I would like to review the experiments I conducted during my study abroad, using mice to verify the effects of natural compounds on wakefulness or sleep. In one study, we evaluated the effects of ginkgolides (A, B, and C) and bilobalide on arousal, locomotion, and core body temperature. The results showed that only ginkgolide B dose-dependently increased the amount of arousal and decreased the amount of NREM sleep in the physiological sleep-wake cycle of mice. In another study, we tested the sleep-inducing effects of sake yeast in mice under an acute insomnia model. We showed that sake yeast dose-dependently increased REM and non-REM sleep, decreased arousal within 6 hours after oral administration of sake yeast, and decreased locomotion and core body temperature in a new cage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SHOHEI NISHIMON
- Corresponding author: Shohei Nishimon, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan, TEL&FAX: +81-3-5802-1071 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, van de Wouw M, Drogos L, Vaghef-Mehrabani E, Reimer RA, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Giesbrecht GF. Sleep and the gut microbiota in preschool-aged children. Sleep 2022; 45:6509073. [PMID: 35037059 PMCID: PMC9189981 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays a significant role in the mental and physical development of children. Emerging evidence in animals and human adults indicates a relationship between sleep and the gut microbiota; however, it is unclear whether the sleep of preschoolers during a key developmental period, associates with features of their gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep and gut microbiota in preschool-aged children (4.37 ± 0.48 years, n = 143). Sleep measures included total night-time sleep (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake-time after sleep onset (WASO) assessed using actigraphy. Beta-diversity differences between children with low and high TST (p = .048) suggest gut microbiota community differences. Particularly, relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was higher in the high TST group and Bacteroides, was higher in children who had greater SE and less WASO (LDA score >2). In contrast, some Lachnospiraceae members including Blautia and Coprococcus 1 were associated with shorter night-time sleep duration and less efficiency, respectively. We also found a group of fecal metabolites, including specific neuroactive compounds and immunomodulating metabolites were associated with greater sleep efficiency and less time awake at night. Notably, tryptophan and its metabolizing products were higher in children who had higher SE or lower WASO (LDA score >2); concentration of propionate was higher in children with less WASO (p = .036). Overall, our results reveal a novel association between sleep and gut microbiota in preschool-aged children. Longer night-time sleep and greater sleep efficiency were associated with specific commensal bacteria that may regulate sleep through modulating neurotransmitter metabolism and the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Lauren Drogos
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Raylene A Reimer
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Corresponding author. Gerry Giesbrecht, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakagawa H, Nakane S, Ban G, Tomita J, Kume K. Effects of D-amino acids on sleep in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 589:180-185. [PMID: 34922200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and metabolism are closely related and nutritional elements such as sugars and amino acids are known to regulate sleep differently. Here we comprehensively investigated the effects of D-amino acids fed in the diet on the sleep of Drosophila melanogaster. Among 19 amino acids examined, both D-serine (Ser) and D-glutamine (Gln) induced a significant increase in sleep amount and the effect of D-Ser was the largest at the same concentration of 1% of the food. The effects were proportional to its concentration and significant above 0.5% (about 50 mM). D-Ser is known to bind NR1 subunit of NMDA type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) and activate it. D-Ser did not increase the sleep of the NR1 hypomorphic mutant flies indicating its effects on sleep is mediated by NMDAR. In addition, hypomorphic mutants of D-amino acid oxidase (Daao1), which catabolizes D-amino acids and its disruption is known to increase D-Ser in the brain, showed increase in sleep. These results altogether suggested that D-Ser activated NMDAR in the brain thus increase sleep, and that D-Ser work physiologically to regulate sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Shin Nakane
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Gosuke Ban
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Jun Tomita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nishimon S, Sakai N, Nishino S. Sake yeast induces the sleep-promoting effects under the stress-induced acute insomnia in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20816. [PMID: 34675261 PMCID: PMC8531297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces adverse effects on the health, productivity, and performance. The individuals who could not get enough sleep temporarily experience the symptoms of an induced acute insomnia. This study investigated the efficacy of sake yeast in treatment of acute insomnia in mice. The results of this study showed that sake yeast induced a significant dose-dependent wake reduction, a rapid eye movement (REM) and a non-REM (NREM) sleep enhancement during the first 6 h after the oral administration of sake yeast with locomotor activity and core body temperature decreases under the stressful environment in a new cage. In fact, the wake amounts at 3 h and 6 h were significantly reduced after the oral administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle. The NREM sleep amounts at 3 h and 6 h significantly increased after the administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle. The REM amount at 6 h significantly increased after the administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle, but not at 3 h. The previous study suggested that the sleep-promoting effects of sake yeast could be referred from the activating effect of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). In summary, the sake yeast is an A2AR agonist and may induce sleep due to its stress-reducing and anti-anxiety properties. Further verification of the involvement of adenosine in the pathophysiology of insomnia is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishimon
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Rm2106, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meftah A, Hasegawa H, Kantrowitz JT. D-Serine: A Cross Species Review of Safety. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:726365. [PMID: 34447324 PMCID: PMC8384137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.726365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:D-Serine, a direct, full agonist at the D-serine/glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR), has been assessed as a treatment for multiple psychiatric and neurological conditions. Based on studies in rats, concerns of nephrotoxicity have limited D-serine research in humans, particularly using high doses. A review of D-serine's safety is timely and pertinent, as D-serine remains under active study for schizophrenia, both directly (R61 MH116093) and indirectly through D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitors. The principal focus is on nephrotoxicity, but safety in other physiologic and pathophysiologic systems are also reviewed. Methods: Using the search terms "D-serine," "D-serine and schizophrenia," "D-serine and safety," "D-serine and nephrotoxicity" in PubMed, we conducted a systematic review on D-serine safety. D-serine physiology, dose-response and efficacy in clinical studies and dAAO inhibitor safety is also discussed. Results: When D-serine doses >500 mg/kg are used in rats, nephrotoxicity, manifesting as an acute tubular necrosis syndrome, seen within hours of administration is highly common, if not universal. In other species, however, D-serine induced nephrotoxicity has not been reported, even in other rodent species such as mice and rabbits. Even in rats, D--serine related toxicity is dose dependent and reversible; and does not appear to be present in rats at doses producing an acute Cmax of <2,000 nmol/mL. For comparison, the Cmax of D-serine 120 mg/kg, the highest dose tested in humans, is ~500 nmol/mL in acute dosing. Across all published human studies, only one subject has been reported to have abnormal renal values related to D-serine treatment. This abnormality did not clearly map on to the acute tubular necrosis syndrome seen in rats, and fully resolved within a few days of stopping treatment. DAAO inhibitors may be nephroprotective. D-Serine may have a physiologic role in metabolic, extra-pyramidal, cardiac and other systems, but no other clinically significant safety concerns are revealed in the literature. Conclusions: Even before considering human to rat differences in renal physiology, using current FDA guided monitoring paradigms, D-serine appears safe at currently studied maximal doses, with potential safety in combination with DAAO inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Meftah
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, United States
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Rijo-Ferreira F, Green CB, Takahashi JS. Importance of circadian timing for aging and longevity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2862. [PMID: 34001884 PMCID: PMC8129076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) decreases body weight, improves health, and extends lifespan. DR can be achieved by controlling how much and/or when food is provided, as well as by adjusting nutritional composition. Because these factors are often combined during DR, it is unclear which are necessary for beneficial effects. Several drugs have been utilized that target nutrient-sensing gene pathways, many of which change expression throughout the day, suggesting that the timing of drug administration is critical. Here, we discuss how dietary and pharmacological interventions promote a healthy lifespan by influencing energy intake and circadian rhythms. Circadian clocks link physiologic processes to environmental conditions and a mismatch between internal and external rhythms has negative effects on organismal health. In this review, the authors discuss the interactions between circadian clocks and dietary interventions targeted to promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sugaya K, Oh-Oka H, Yamada T, Miyata M, Ashitomi K, Kadekawa K, Nishijima S. Dietary glycine improves urine storage symptoms in urology outpatients. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:617-620. [PMID: 33793143 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal glycinergic mechanisms inhibit the micturition reflex, and administration of glycine inhibits bladder activity in rats. Therefore, we examined whether dietary glycine would improve storage symptoms in urological outpatients. METHODS We enrolled 20 participants (16 men and four women) with an overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) ≥ 3. All participants took 3 g of glucose (placebo) twice a day for the first four weeks, then 3 g of glycine twice a day for the next four weeks. We evaluated blood pressure, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), nocturia quality of life (N-QOL) score, OABSS, frequency of urination, sleep latency, time to first nighttime void, bladder pain, global self-assessment (GSA) evaluated urinary symptom improvement, and adverse events. RESULTS Glucose administered as a placebo improved urinary frequency, urine force on the IPSS, and five of the 13 items on the N-QOL. However, compared to the results before and after glucose administration, glycine treatment decreased the number of nocturnal voids, urgency, and total score for urine storage items on the IPSS. It also reduced blood pressure and improved IPSS-QOL. For the OABSS, improvements with glycine were noted in the number of nocturnal urinations, urinary urgency, urge incontinence, and total score. For the N-QOL, eight of 13 items, and the total score, improved. The actual number of nighttime urinations, sleep latency, latency to first nighttime urination, bladder pain, and GSA also improved. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Glycine might improve urine storage symptoms, cardiovascular function, pain, and sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Sugaya
- Department of Urology, Kitakami Central Hospital, Kitakami, Okinawa, Japan.,Southern Knights' Laboratory, Chatan, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Katsuhiro Ashitomi
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, Chatan, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Urology, Okinawa Hokubu Hospital, Nago, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kadekawa
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, Chatan, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Urology, Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Franco-Pérez J, Montes S, Sánchez-Hernández J, Ballesteros-Zebadúa P. Whole-brain irradiation differentially modifies neurotransmitters levels and receptors in the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:269. [PMID: 33228731 PMCID: PMC7684903 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-brain radiotherapy is a primary treatment for brain tumors and brain metastasis, but it also induces long-term undesired effects. Since cognitive impairment can occur, research on the etiology of secondary effects has focused on the hippocampus. Often overlooked, the hypothalamus controls critical homeostatic functions, some of which are also susceptible after whole-brain radiotherapy. Therefore, using whole-brain irradiation (WBI) in a rat model, we measured neurotransmitters and receptors in the hypothalamus. The prefrontal cortex and brainstem were also analyzed since they are highly connected to the hypothalamus and its regulatory processes. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to WBI with 11 Gy (Biologically Effective Dose = 72 Gy). After 1 month, we evaluated changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, taurine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and brainstem according to an HPLC method. Ratios of Glutamate/GABA and Glutamine/Glutamate were calculated. Through Western Blott analysis, we measured the expression of GABAa and GABAb receptors, and NR1 and NR2A subunits of NMDA receptors. Changes were analyzed comparing results with sham controls using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). RESULTS WBI with 11 Gy induced significantly lower levels of GABA, glycine, taurine, aspartate, and GABAa receptor in the hypothalamus. Also, in the hypothalamus, a higher Glutamate/GABA ratio was found after irradiation. In the prefrontal cortex, WBI induced significant increases of glutamine and glutamate, Glutamine/Glutamate ratio, and increased expression of both GABAa receptor and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit. The brainstem showed no statistically significant changes after irradiation. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that WBI can affect rat brain regions differently and opens new avenues for study. After 1 month, WBI decreases inhibitory neurotransmitters and receptors in the hypothalamus and, conversely, increases excitatory neurotransmitters and receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Increments in Glutamate/GABA in the hypothalamus and Glutamine/Glutamate in the frontal cortex indicate a neurochemical imbalance. Found changes could be related to several reported radiotherapy secondary effects, suggesting new prospects for therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Franco-Pérez
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, INNN, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, C.P. 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, INNN, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, C.P. 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Josué Sánchez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, INNN, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, C.P. 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Ballesteros-Zebadúa
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, INNN, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, C.P. 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Q, Zhu D, Ping S, Li C, Pang K, Zhu S, Zhang J, Comai S, Sun J. Melatonin recovers sleep phase delayed by MK-801 through the melatonin MT 2 receptor- Ca 2+ -CaMKII-CREB pathway in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12674. [PMID: 32535982 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is widely used to treat sleep disorders although the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In mice, using wheel-running detection, we found that exogenous MLT could completely recover the period length prolonged by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) impairment due to the injection of the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, a preclinical model of psychosis. The analysis of the possible underlying mechanisms indicated that MLT could regulate the homeostatic state in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) instead of the circadian process in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In addition, our data showed that MK-801 decreased Ca2+ -related CaMKII expression and CREB phosphorylation levels in the VLPO, and MLT could rescue these intracellular impairments but not NMDAR expression levels. Accordingly, Gcamp6 AAV virus was injected in-vivo to further monitor intracellular Ca2+ levels in the VLPO, and MLT demonstrated a unique ability to increase Ca2+ fluorescence compared with MK-801-injected mice. Additionally, using the selective melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4P-PDOT), we discovered that the pharmacological effects of MLT upon NMDAR impairments were mediated by melatonin MT2 receptors. Using electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) recordings, we observed that the latency to the first nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episode was delayed by MK-801, and MLT was able to recover this delay. In conclusion, exogenous MLT by acting upon melatonin MT2 receptors rescues sleep phase delayed by NMDAR impairment via increasing intracellular Ca2+ signaling in the VLPO, suggesting a regulatory role of the neurohormone on the homeostatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Ping
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuangang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kunkun Pang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Potter GDM, Wood TR. The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science. Front Nutr 2020; 7:116. [PMID: 32850937 PMCID: PMC7426458 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work is commonplace in modern societies, and shift workers are predisposed to the development of numerous chronic diseases. Disruptions to the circadian systems of shift workers are considered important contributors to the biological dysfunction these people frequently experience. Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. While light exposure is the most important zeitgeber for the central clock in the circadian system, diet and exercise are plausible zeitgebers for circadian clocks in many tissues. We know little about how different zeitgebers interact and how to tailor zeitgeber schedules to the needs of individuals; however, in this review we share some guidelines to help shift workers adapt to their work schedules based on our current understanding of circadian biology. We focus in particular on the importance of diet timing and composition. Going forward, developments in phenotyping and "envirotyping" methods may be important to understanding how to optimise shift work. Non-invasive, multimodal, comprehensive phenotyping using multiple sources of time-stamped data may yield insights that are critical to the care of shift workers. Finally, the impact of these advances will be reduced without modifications to work environments to make it easier for shift workers to engage in behaviours conducive to their health. Integrating findings from behavioural science and ergonomics may help shift workers make healthier choices, thereby amplifying the beneficial effects of improved lifestyle prescriptions for these people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas R Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Human Health, Performance and Resilience, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jenkinson S, Goody SMG, Bassyouni A, Jones R, Otto-Bruc A, Duquennoy S, DaSilva JK, Butler P, Mead A. Translation of in vitro cannabinoid 1 receptor agonist activity to in vivo pharmacodynamic endpoints. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 104:106899. [PMID: 32702414 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Building an understanding of in vivo efficacy based on the evaluation of in vitro affinity or potency is critical in expediting early decision making in drug discovery and can significantly reduce the need for animal studies. The aim of the present study was to understand the translation of in vitro to in vivo endpoints for the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). METHODS Using a selection of CB1 agonists we describe an evaluation of in vitro to in vivo translation comparing in vitro receptor affinity or functional potency, using both cAMP and β-arrestin endpoints, to various in vivo CB1 agonist-associated endpoints. RESULTS We demonstrate that in vitro CB1 agonism significantly correlates with the CB1-induced cue in the drug discrimination model in vivo, but not with other purported CB1 agonist-mediated in vivo endpoints, including hypothermia and sedation. Thus, these data challenge common perceptions regarding CB1 agonist-induced tetrad effects in rodents. DISCUSSION This work exemplifies how in vitro profiling of receptor affinity or potency can predict in vivo pharmacodynamic effects, using the CB1 as an example system. The translatability of in vitro activity to in vivo efficacy allows for the ability to rapidly contextualize off-target CB1 in vitro findings, allowing clear and rapid definition of the risk posed by such activity without the need for extensive animal studies. This has significant implications in terms of early decision making in drug discovery and reducing the use of animals in research, while also outlining a template for expanding the approach for additional targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Jenkinson
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Susan M G Goody
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Asser Bassyouni
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rhys Jones
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jamie K DaSilva
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Paul Butler
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Andy Mead
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nishimon S, Yamaguchi M, Muraki H, Sakai N, Nishino S. Intraperitoneal injection of ginkgolide B, a major active compound of Ginkgo biloba, dose-dependently increases the amount of wake and decreases non-rapid eye movement sleep in C57BL/6 mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134832. [PMID: 32050100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The terpene lactones of Ginkgo biloba extract, namely ginkgolides (A, B, and C) and bilobalide, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. They are widely prescribed for the treatment of cerebral dysfunctions and neurological impairments. In addition, they demonstrate antagonistic action at the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptors, which are members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. In the present study, the effects of ginkgolides (A, B, and C) and bilobalide on sleep in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. Ginkgolide B was found to dose-dependently increase the amount of wake and decrease that of non-rapid eye movement sleep without changes in the electroencephalography power density of each sleep/wake stage, core body temperature and locomotor activity for the first 6 h after intraperitoneal injection. Of note, the amount of wake after injection of 5 mg/kg of ginkgolide B showed a significant increase (14.9 %) compared with that of vehicle (P = 0.005). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the amount of sleep, core body temperature, and locomotor activity in the mice injected with ginkgolide A and C. Bilobalide briefly induced a decrease in locomotor activity but did not exert significant effects on the amounts of sleep and wake. The modes of action of the wake-enhancing effects of ginkgolide B are unknown. However, it may act through the antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptors because it is established that these inhibitory amino acids mediate sleep and sleep-related physiology. It is of interest to further evaluate the stimulant and awaking actions of ginkgolide B on the central nervous system in clinical and basic research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishimon
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mai Yamaguchi
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hisae Muraki
- Sleep Medical Center, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murai H, Suzuki H, Tanji H, Kimura T, Iba Y. A simple method using anesthetics to test effects of sleep-inducing substances in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 142:79-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
29
|
Ki Y, Lim C. Sleep-promoting effects of threonine link amino acid metabolism in Drosophila neuron to GABAergic control of sleep drive. eLife 2019; 8:40593. [PMID: 31313987 PMCID: PMC6636906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the role of amino acid metabolism in sleep regulation. Here we demonstrate sleep-promoting effects of dietary threonine (SPET) in Drosophila. Dietary threonine markedly increased daily sleep amount and decreased the latency to sleep onset in a dose-dependent manner. High levels of synaptic GABA or pharmacological activation of metabotropic GABA receptors (GABAB-R) suppressed SPET. By contrast, synaptic blockade of GABAergic neurons or transgenic depletion of GABAB-R in the ellipsoid body R2 neurons enhanced sleep drive non-additively with SPET. Dietary threonine reduced GABA levels, weakened metabotropic GABA responses in R2 neurons, and ameliorated memory deficits in plasticity mutants. Moreover, genetic elevation of neuronal threonine levels was sufficient for facilitating sleep onset. Taken together, these data define threonine as a physiologically relevant, sleep-promoting molecule that may intimately link neuronal metabolism of amino acids to GABAergic control of sleep drive via the neuronal substrate of sleep homeostasis. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Ki
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Symphony of Signals: Intercellular and Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Circadian Timekeeping in Mice and Flies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092363. [PMID: 31086044 PMCID: PMC6540063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The central pacemakers of circadian timekeeping systems are highly robust yet adaptable, providing the temporal coordination of rhythms in behavior and physiological processes in accordance with the demands imposed by environmental cycles. These features of the central pacemaker are achieved by a multi-oscillator network in which individual cellular oscillators are tightly coupled to the environmental day-night cycle, and to one another via intercellular coupling. In this review, we will summarize the roles of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the regulation of circadian entrainment and synchrony within the mammalian and Drosophila central pacemakers. We will also describe the diverse functions of protein kinases in the relay of input signals to the core oscillator or the direct regulation of the molecular clock machinery.
Collapse
|
31
|
Canfield CA, Bradshaw PC. Amino acids in the regulation of aging and aging-related diseases. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
32
|
Song Q, Feng G, Zhang J, Xia X, Ji M, Lv L, Ping Y. NMDA Receptor-mediated Ca2+ Influx in the Absence of Mg2+ Block Disrupts Rest: Activity Rhythms in Drosophila. Sleep 2018; 40:4330652. [PMID: 29029290 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives The correlated activation of pre- and postsynaptic neurons is essential for the NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx by removing Mg2+ from block site and NMDA receptors have been implicated in phase resetting of circadian clocks. So we assessed rest:activity rhythms in Mg2+ block defective animals. Methods Using Drosophila locomotor monitoring system, we checked circadian rest:activity rhythms of different mutants under constant darkness (DD) and light:dark (LD) conditions. We recorded NMDA receptor-mediated currents or Ca2+ increase in neurons using patch-clamp and Ca2+ imaging techniques. Results We found that Mg2+ block defective mutant flies were completely arrhythmic under DD. To further understand the role of Mg2+ block in daily circadian rest:activity, we observed the mutant files under LD cycles, and we found severely reduced morning anticipation and advanced evening peak compared to control flies. We also used tissue-specific expression of Mg2+ block defective NMDA receptors and demonstrated pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR)-expressing circadian neurons were implicated in mediating the circadian rest:activity deficits. Endogenous functional NMDA receptors are expressed in most Drosophila neurons, including in a subgroup of dorsal neurons (DN1s). Subsequently, we determined that the uncorrelated extra Ca2+ influx may act in part through Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-stimulated PDE1c pathway leading to morning behavior phenotypes. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Mg2+ block of NMDA receptors at resting potential is essential for the daily circadian rest:activity rhythms and we propose that Mg2+ block functions to suppress CaM-stimulated PDE1c activation at resting potential, thus regulating Ca2+ and cyclic AMP oscillations in circadian and sleep circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Feng
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechun Xia
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yong Ping
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Inhibition of Acid Sensing Ion Channel 3 Aggravates Seizures by Regulating NMDAR Function. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1227-1241. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
34
|
McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Dietary Glycine Is Rate-Limiting for Glutathione Synthesis and May Have Broad Potential for Health Protection. Ochsner J 2018; 18:81-87. [PMID: 29559876 PMCID: PMC5855430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione is a key scavenging antioxidant that opposes the proinflammatory signaling of hydrogen peroxide. Boosting cellular glutathione levels may have broad utility in the prevention and treatment of disorders driven by oxidative stress. Supplemental N-acetylcysteine has been employed for this purpose. Could supplemental glycine likewise promote glutathione synthesis? METHODS We conducted a review of the pertinent literature using PubMed. RESULTS Tissue glycine levels are lower than the glutathione synthase Michaelis constant (Km) for glycine. When glycine availability is too low to sustain a normal rate of glutathione synthesis, the consequent rise in tissue levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine leads to an increase in urinary excretion of its alternative metabolite 5-L-oxoproline. The fact that urinary excretion of this metabolite is elevated in vegetarians and others consuming relatively low-protein diets strongly suggests that dietary glycine can be rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis in normally fed humans. Moreover, supplemental glycine has been reported to increase tissue glutathione levels in several animal studies. Glycine is a biosynthetic precursor for porphyrins, purines, creatine, sarcosine, and bile salts; is an agonist for glycine-gated chloride channels and a coagonist for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors; inhibits protein glycation; and increases hepatic production of pyruvate, an effective scavenger of hydrogen peroxide. Supplemental glycine may have the potential for improving endothelial function, preventing cardiac hypertrophy, aiding control of metabolic syndrome, preventing the complications of diabetes, dampening inflammation, protecting the liver, and promoting effective sleep. CONCLUSION Clinical research is warranted to evaluate the impact of supplemental glycine on glutathione levels and on various health disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. O'Keefe
- Department of Cardiology, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO
| | - James J. DiNicolantonio
- Department of Cardiology, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yasuo S, Iwamoto A, Lee SI, Ochiai S, Hitachi R, Shibata S, Uotsu N, Tarumizu C, Matsuoka S, Furuse M, Higuchi S. l-Serine Enhances Light-Induced Circadian Phase Resetting in Mice and Humans. J Nutr 2017; 147:2347-2355. [PMID: 29070712 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.255380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The circadian clock is modulated by the timing of ingestion or food composition, but the effects of specific nutrients are poorly understood.Objective: We aimed to identify the amino acids that modulate the circadian clock and reset the light-induced circadian phase in mice and humans.Methods: Male CBA/N mice were orally administered 1 of 20 l-amino acids, and the circadian and light-induced phase shifts of wheel-running activity were analyzed. Antagonists of several neurotransmitter pathways were injected before l-serine administration, and light-induced phase shifts were analyzed. In addition, the effect of l-serine on the light-induced phase advance was investigated in healthy male students (mean ± SD age 22.2 ± 1.8 y) by using dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) determined by saliva samples as an index of the circadian phase.Results: l-Serine administration enhanced light-induced phase shifts in mice (1.86-fold; P < 0.05). Both l-serine and its metabolite d-serine, a coagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, exerted this effect, but d-serine concentrations in the hypothalamus did not increase after l-serine administration. The effect of l-serine was blocked by picrotoxin, an antagonist of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors, but not by MK801, an antagonist of NMDA receptors. l-Serine administration altered the long-term expression patterns of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. After advancing the light-dark cycle by 6 h, l-serine administration slightly accelerated re-entrainment to the shifted cycle. In humans, l-serine ingestion before bedtime induced significantly larger phase advances of DLMO after bright-light exposure during the morning (means ± SEMs-l-serine: 25.9 ± 6.6 min; placebo: 12.1 ± 7.0 min; P < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that l-serine enhances light-induced phase resetting in mice and humans, and it may be useful for treating circadian disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Yasuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, and
| | - Ayaka Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, and
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Shotaro Ochiai
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Rina Hitachi
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, and
| | - Satomi Shibata
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, and
| | - Nobuo Uotsu
- Health Science Research Center, Research Institute, FANCL Co., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chie Tarumizu
- Health Science Research Center, Research Institute, FANCL Co., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sayuri Matsuoka
- Health Science Research Center, Research Institute, FANCL Co., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, and
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Holst SC, Sousek A, Hefti K, Saberi-Moghadam S, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Scheidegger M, Franken P, Henning A, Seifritz E, Tafti M, Landolt HP. Cerebral mGluR5 availability contributes to elevated sleep need and behavioral adjustment after sleep deprivation. eLife 2017; 6:28751. [PMID: 28980941 PMCID: PMC5644949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sleep time and intensity quantified as low-frequency brain electrical activity after sleep loss demonstrate that sleep need is homeostatically regulated, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We here demonstrate that metabotropic glutamate receptors of subtype 5 (mGluR5) contribute to the molecular machinery governing sleep-wake homeostasis. Using positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electroencephalography in humans, we find that increased mGluR5 availability after sleep loss tightly correlates with behavioral and electroencephalographic biomarkers of elevated sleep need. These changes are associated with altered cortical myo-inositol and glycine levels, suggesting sleep loss-induced modifications downstream of mGluR5 signaling. Knock-out mice without functional mGluR5 exhibit severe dysregulation of sleep-wake homeostasis, including lack of recovery sleep and impaired behavioral adjustment to a novel task after sleep deprivation. The data suggest that mGluR5 contribute to the brain's coping mechanisms with sleep deprivation and point to a novel target to improve disturbed wakefulness and sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Holst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,CRPP Sleep and Health, Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Sousek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Hefti
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Buck
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institut, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institut, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- CRPP Sleep and Health, Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Tafti
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,CRPP Sleep and Health, Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1716701. [PMID: 28337245 PMCID: PMC5350494 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1716701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is most important and simple, nonessential amino acid in humans, animals, and many mammals. Generally, glycine is synthesized from choline, serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine through interorgan metabolism in which kidneys and liver are the primarily involved. Generally in common feeding conditions, glycine is not sufficiently synthesized in humans, animals, and birds. Glycine acts as precursor for several key metabolites of low molecular weight such as creatine, glutathione, haem, purines, and porphyrins. Glycine is very effective in improving the health and supports the growth and well-being of humans and animals. There are overwhelming reports supporting the role of supplementary glycine in prevention of many diseases and disorders including cancer. Dietary supplementation of proper dose of glycine is effectual in treating metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases, several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes. Glycine also has the property to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions. In this review we will focus on the metabolism of glycine in humans and animals and the recent findings and advances about the beneficial effects and protection of glycine in different disease states.
Collapse
|
39
|
Safory H, Neame S, Shulman Y, Zubedat S, Radzishevsky I, Rosenberg D, Sason H, Engelender S, Avital A, Hülsmann S, Schiller J, Wolosker H. The alanine-serine-cysteine-1 (Asc-1) transporter controls glycine levels in the brain and is required for glycinergic inhibitory transmission. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:590-8. [PMID: 25755256 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asc-1 (SLC7A10) is an amino acid transporter whose deletion causes neurological abnormalities and early postnatal death in mice. Using metabolomics and behavioral and electrophysiological methods, we demonstrate that Asc-1 knockout mice display a marked decrease in glycine levels in the brain and spinal cord along with impairment of glycinergic inhibitory transmission, and a hyperekplexia-like phenotype that is rescued by replenishing brain glycine. Asc-1 works as a glycine and L-serine transporter, and its transport activity is required for the subsequent conversion of L-serine into glycine in vivo. Asc-1 is a novel regulator of glycine metabolism and a candidate for hyperekplexia disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Safory
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samah Neame
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Shulman
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Salman Zubedat
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Radzishevsky
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dina Rosenberg
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagit Sason
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simone Engelender
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Avital
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Swen Hülsmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jackie Schiller
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Herman Wolosker
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|