1
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Schiavone M, François JM, Zerbib D, Capp JP. Emerging relevance of cell wall components from non-conventional yeasts as functional ingredients for the food and feed industry. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100603. [PMID: 37840697 PMCID: PMC10568300 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-conventional yeast species, or non-Saccharomyces yeasts, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in fermented foods. Many of them exhibit probiotic characteristics that are mainly due to direct contacts with other cell types through various molecular components of their cell wall. The biochemical composition and/or the molecular structure of the cell wall components are currently considered the primary determinant of their probiotic properties. Here we first present the techniques that are used to extract and analyze the cell wall components of food industry-related non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We then review the current understanding of the cell wall composition and structure of each polysaccharide from these yeasts. Finally, the data exploring the potential beneficial role of their cell wall components, which could be a source of innovative functional ingredients, are discussed. Such research would allow the development of high value-added products and provide the food industry with novel inputs beyond the well-established S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - Jean M. François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), UMS INRAE/INSA/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Zerbib
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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2
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Huang W, Hua MZ, Li S, Chen K, Lu X, Wu D. Application of atomic force microscopy in the characterization of fruits and vegetables and associated substances toward improvement in quality, preservation, and processing: nanoscale structure and mechanics perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37585698 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2242944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are essential horticultural crops for humans. The quality of fruits and vegetables is critical in determining their nutritional value and edibility, which are decisive to their commercial value. Besides, it is also important to understand the changes in key substances involved in the preservation and processing of fruits and vegetables. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a powerful technique for investigating biological surfaces, has been widely used to characterize the quality of fruits and vegetables and the substances involved in their preservation and processing from the perspective of nanoscale structure and mechanics. This review summarizes the applications of AFM to investigate the texture, appearance, and nutrients of fruits and vegetables based on structural imaging and force measurements. Additionally, the review highlights the application of AFM in characterizing the morphological and mechanical properties of nanomaterials involved in preserving and processing fruits and vegetables, including films and coatings for preservation, bioactive compounds for processing purposes, nanofiltration membrane for concentration, and nanoencapsulation for delivery of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the strengths and weaknesses of AFM for characterizing the quality of fruits and vegetables and the substances involved in their preservation and processing are examined, followed by a discussion on the prospects of AFM in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Growth and Development), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Marti Z Hua
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shenmiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Growth and Development), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Growth and Development), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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3
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Bizeau J, Adam A, Nadal C, Francius G, Siniscalco D, Pauly M, Bégin-Colin S, Mertz D. Protein sustained release from isobutyramide-grafted stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100130. [PMID: 36156982 PMCID: PMC9494245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are great therapeutic candidates as endogenous biomolecules providing a wide range of applications. However, their delivery suffers from some limitations and specifically designed delivery systems having an efficient protein anchoring and delivery strategy are still needed. In this work, we propose to combine large pore stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) with isobutyramide (IBAM), as a "glue" molecule which has been shown promising for immobilization of various biomacromolecules at silica surface. We address here for the first time the ability of such IBAM-modified NPs to sustainably deliver proteins over a prolonged time. In this work, a quantitative loading study of proteins (serum albumin (HSA), peroxidase (HRP), immunoglobulin (IgG) and polylysine (PLL)) on STMS@IBAM is first presented using three complementary detection techniques to ensure precision and avoid protein quantification issues. The results demonstrated a high loading capacity for HSA and HRP (≥ ca. 350 μg.mg-1) but a moderate one for IgG and PLL. After evaluating the physicochemical properties of the loaded particles and their stability over scaling-up and washings, the ability of STMS@IBAM to release proteins over prolonged time was evaluated in equilibrium (static) and flow mimicking (dynamic) conditions and at different temperatures (25, 37, 45 °C). Results show not only the potential of such "glue" functionalized STMS to release proteins in a sustained way, but also the retention of the biological activity of immobilized and released HRP, used as an enzyme model. Finally, an AFM-force spectroscopy study was conducted to decipher the interactions between IBAM and proteins, showing the involvement of different interactions in the adsorption and release processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Bizeau
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Adam
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clémence Nadal
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Grégory Francius
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - David Siniscalco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Matthias Pauly
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg BP 84047, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
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4
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Stafford CM, Guan X, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Liu X. Tuning the surface functionality of polyamide films via termination reaction in molecular layer-by-layer deposition. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Mizukoshi H, Kimura K, Ikemura H, Mori Y, Nagaoka M. Structural determination of the cell wall polysaccharide LCPS-1 in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota YIT 9029. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108670. [PMID: 36103733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The neutral polysaccharides LCPS-1 and LCPS-2 play functional roles in the cell wall of the lactic acid bacterium Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota YIT 9029 (LcS; formerly Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota YIT 9029), which has long been used as a probiotic food product. Studies have shown that LCPS-1 is associated with the immunomodulatory functions of LcS. We hypothesized that the structure of LCPS-1 is crucial for elucidating the mechanism of action of LcS on host immune responses and aimed to solve the undetermined primary structure of LCPS-1. Our results showed that LCPS-1 has a molecular weight of >400 kDa and is composed of Glc, Rha, Gal, and GlcNAc, with a repeating structure. Using limited degradation reactions, including controlled Smith and deamination degradations, we obtained key fragments with low molecular weight. Subsequently, their structures were analyzed using NMR spectra and other analytical techniques. Further, we integrated the results for each key fragment to derive the complete structure of LCPS-1. Our results indicated that the most probable structure of LCPS-1 is composed of two types of units (X, Y), each with a basic structure of seven sugars in which the C2-position of Rha is substituted with an acetyl group. The structure of X is {6[Glcβ1-2] Galα1-3[2-OAc] Rhaβ1-4Glcβ1-4[Rhaα1-3] [Glcα1-6] Glcβ1-} and that of Y is {6[Glcβ1-2] Galα1-3[2-OAc] Rhaβ1-4Glcβ1-4[Rhaα1-3] [Glcα1-6)] GlcNAcβ1-}, which can be expressed as (X6Y12)n. In this study, we identified the primary structure of LCPS-1, and our results may enable an improved understanding of the immunomodulatory abilities of LcS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Mizukoshi
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Kimura
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Haruo Ikemura
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Masato Nagaoka
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
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6
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Du B, Nie S, Peng F, Yang Y, Xu B. A narrative review on conformational structure characterization of natural polysaccharides. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology Qinhuangdao Hebei PR China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Fei Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology Qinhuangdao Hebei PR China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology Qinhuangdao Hebei PR China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program BNU–HKBU United International College Zhuhai China
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7
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Tong CY, Derek CJC. A Methodological Review on the Characterization of Microalgal Biofilm and Its Extracellular Polymeric Substances. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3490-3514. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang Malaysia
| | - C. J. C Derek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang Malaysia
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8
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Boghdady CM, Kalashnikov N, Mok S, McCaffrey L, Moraes C. Revisiting tissue tensegrity: Biomaterial-based approaches to measure forces across length scales. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041501. [PMID: 34632250 PMCID: PMC8487350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-generated forces play a foundational role in tissue dynamics and homeostasis and are critically important in several biological processes, including cell migration, wound healing, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Quantifying such forces in vivo is technically challenging and requires novel strategies that capture mechanical information across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales, while allowing these studies to be performed in physiologically realistic biological models. Advanced biomaterials can be designed to non-destructively measure these stresses in vitro, and here, we review mechanical characterizations and force-sensing biomaterial-based technologies to provide insight into the mechanical nature of tissue processes. We specifically and uniquely focus on the use of these techniques to identify characteristics of cell and tissue "tensegrity:" the hierarchical and modular interplay between tension and compression that provide biological tissues with remarkable mechanical properties and behaviors. Based on these observed patterns, we highlight and discuss the emerging role of tensegrity at multiple length scales in tissue dynamics from homeostasis, to morphogenesis, to pathological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Mok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
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9
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Martínez B, Rodríguez A, Kulakauskas S, Chapot-Chartier MP. Cell wall homeostasis in lactic acid bacteria: threats and defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:538-564. [PMID: 32495833 PMCID: PMC7476776 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) encompasses industrially relevant bacteria involved in food fermentations as well as health-promoting members of our autochthonous microbiota. In the last years, we have witnessed major progresses in the knowledge of the biology of their cell wall, the outermost macrostructure of a Gram-positive cell, which is crucial for survival. Sophisticated biochemical analyses combined with mutation strategies have been applied to unravel biosynthetic routes that sustain the inter- and intra-species cell wall diversity within LAB. Interplay with global cell metabolism has been deciphered that improved our fundamental understanding of the plasticity of the cell wall during growth. The cell wall is also decisive for the antimicrobial activity of many bacteriocins, for bacteriophage infection and for the interactions with the external environment. Therefore, genetic circuits involved in monitoring cell wall damage have been described in LAB, together with a plethora of defence mechanisms that help them to cope with external threats and adapt to harsh conditions. Since the cell wall plays a pivotal role in several technological and health-promoting traits of LAB, we anticipate that this knowledge will pave the way for the future development and extended applications of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martínez
- DairySafe research group. Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products. Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC. Paseo Río Linares s/n. 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- DairySafe research group. Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products. Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC. Paseo Río Linares s/n. 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Saulius Kulakauskas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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10
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Zhang Y, Wayner CC, Wu S, Liu X, Ball WP, Preheim SP. Effect of Strain-Specific Biofilm Properties on the Retention of Colloids in Saturated Porous Media under Conditions of Stormwater Biofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2585-2596. [PMID: 33523627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Filter performance can be affected by bacterial colonization of the filtration media, yet little is known about how naturally occurring bacteria modify the surface properties of filtration media to affect colloidal removal. We used sand columns and simulated stormwater conditions to study the retention of model colloidal particles, carboxyl-modified-latex (CML) beads, in porous media colonized by naturally occurring bacterial strains. Colloid retention varied substantially across identical columns colonized by different, in some cases closely related, bacterial strains in a cell density independent manner. Atomic force microscopy was applied to quantify the interaction energy between CML beads and each bacterial strain's biofilm surface. We found interaction energy between CML and each strain was significantly different, with adhesive energies between the biofilm and CML, presumed to be associated with polymer-surface bonding, a better predictor of CML retention than other strain characteristics. Overall, the findings suggest that interactions with biopolymers in naturally occurring bacterial biofilms strongly influence colloid retention in porous media. This work highlights the need for more investigation into the role of biofilm microbial community composition on colloid removal in porous media to improve biofilter design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Claire C Wayner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - William P Ball
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sarah P Preheim
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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11
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Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, Sanders ME, Shamir R, Swann JR, Szajewska H, Vinderola G. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:649-667. [PMID: 33948025 PMCID: PMC8387231 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 231.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology, gastroenterology, paediatrics, food science and microbiology to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The term 'postbiotics' is increasingly found in the scientific literature and on commercial products, yet is inconsistently used and lacks a clear definition. The purpose of this panel was to consider the scientific, commercial and regulatory parameters encompassing this emerging term, propose a useful definition and thereby establish a foundation for future developments. The panel defined a postbiotic as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Effective postbiotics must contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components, with or without metabolites, that contribute to observed health benefits. The panel also discussed existing evidence of health-promoting effects of postbiotics, potential mechanisms of action, levels of evidence required to meet the stated definition, safety and implications for stakeholders. The panel determined that a definition of postbiotics is useful so that scientists, clinical triallists, industry, regulators and consumers have common ground for future activity in this area. A generally accepted definition will hopefully lead to regulatory clarity and promote innovation and the development of new postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Salminen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- grid.419051.80000 0001 1945 7738Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Akihito Endo
- grid.410772.70000 0001 0807 3368Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Colin Hill
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eamonn M. M. Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO USA
| | - Raanan Shamir
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hania Szajewska
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- grid.10798.370000 0001 2172 9456Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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12
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Guyomarc'h F, Francius G, Parayre S, Madec MN, Deutsch SM. Surface properties associated with the production of polysaccharides in the food bacteria Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103579. [PMID: 32950163 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the production of polysaccharides (PS) in the strain Pf2289 of the food species Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Pf2289 presents characteristics atypical of the species: a molar-shaped morphotype upon plating, and cells strongly aggregative in liquid medium. When plating Pf2289, another morphotype was observed with a 4% frequency of appearance: round-shaped colonies, typical of the species. A clone was isolated, designated Pf456. No reversibility of Pf456 towards the molar-shaped morphotype was observed. Pf2289 was shown to produce a surface polysaccharide (PS) bound to the cell wall, mainly during the stationary growth phase. Meanwhile, Pf456 had lost the ability to produce the PS. AFM images of Pf2289 showed that entangled filaments spread over the whole surface of the bacteria, whereas Pf456 exhibited a smooth surface. Adhesion force maps, performed with concanavalin-A grafted probes, revealed twice as much adhesion of Pf2289 to concanavalin-A compared to Pf456. Furthermore, the length of PS molecules surrounding Pf2289 measured at least 7 μm, whereas it only reached 1 μm in Pf456. Finally, the presence of PS had a strong impact on adhesion properties: Pf2289 did not adhere to hydrophobic surfaces, whereas Pf456 showed strong adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grégory Francius
- Université de Lorraine, LCPME, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, UMR 7564, 54600, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
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13
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Wan SX, Tian J, Liu Y, Dhall A, Koo H, Hwang G. Cross-Kingdom Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Cariogenic Biofilm Initiation. J Dent Res 2020; 100:74-81. [PMID: 32853527 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520950286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is known to form polymicrobial biofilms with various Streptococcus spp., including mitis and mutans group streptococci. Streptococcus gordonii (mitis group) has been shown to bind avidly to C. albicans hyphae via direct cell-to-cell interaction, while the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans (mutans group) interacts with the fungal cells via extracellular glucans. However, the biophysical properties of these cross-kingdom interactions at the single-cell level during the early stage of biofilm formation remain understudied. Here, we examined the binding forces between S. mutans (or S. gordonii) and C. albicans in the presence and absence of in situ glucans on the fungal surface using single-cell atomic force microscopy and their influence on biofilm initiation and subsequent development under cariogenic conditions. The data show that S. gordonii binding force to the C. albicans surface is significantly higher than that ofS. mutans to the fungal surface (~2-fold). However, S. mutans binding forces are dramatically enhanced when the C. albicans cell surface is locally coated with extracellular glucans (~6-fold vs. uncoated C. albicans), which vastly exceeds the forces between S. gordonii andC. albicans. The enhanced binding affinity of S. mutans to glucan-coated C. albicans resulted in a larger structure during early biofilm initiation compared to S. gordonii-C. albicans biofilms. Ultimately, this resulted in S. mutans dominance composition in the 3-species biofilm model under cariogenic conditions. This study provides a novel biophysical aspect of Candida-streptococcal interaction whereby extracellular glucans may selectively favor S. mutans binding interactions with C. albicans during cariogenic biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Wan
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Tian
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Dhall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Benedito M, Manca F, Palla PL, Giordano S. Rate-dependent force-extension models for single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. Phys Biol 2020; 17:056002. [PMID: 32464604 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab97a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques allow for the measurement of several static and dynamic features of macromolecules of biological origin. In particular, atomic force microscopy, used with a variable pulling rate, provides valuable information on the folding/unfolding dynamics of proteins. We propose here two different models able to describe the out-of-equilibrium statistical mechanics of a chain composed of bistable units. These latter represent the protein domains, which can be either folded or unfolded. Both models are based on the Langevin approach and their implementation allows for investigating the effect of the pulling rate and of the device intrinsic elasticity on the chain unfolding response. The theoretical results (both analytical and numerical) have been compared with experimental data concerning the unfolding of the titin and filamin proteins, eventually obtaining a good agreement over a large range of the pulling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Benedito
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, UMR 8520, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, LIA LICS/LEMAC, 59000 Lille, France
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15
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Arzi RS, Sosnik A, Cohen N. A Microscopically Motivated Model for Particle Penetration into Swollen Biological Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091912. [PMID: 32854259 PMCID: PMC7565132 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological gels (bio-gels) are hydrated polymer networks that serve diverse biological functions, which often lead to intentional or unintentional exposure to particulate matter. In this work, we derive a microscopically motivated framework that enables the investigation of penetration mechanisms into bio-gels. We distinguish between two types of mechanisms: spontaneous (unforced) penetration and forced penetration. Using experimental data available in the literature, we exploit the proposed model to characterize and compare between the microstructures of respiratory, intestinal, and cervicovaginal mucus and two types of biofilms. Next, we investigate the forced penetration process of spherical and ellipsoidal particles into a locally quadrilateral network. The proposed framework can be used to improve and complement the analysis of experimental findings in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Additionally, the insights from this work pave the way towards enhanced designs of nano-medicines and allow the assessment of risk factors related to the nano-pollutants exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Mechanics of Soft Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Noy Cohen
- Mechanics of Soft Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.C.)
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16
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Schiavone M, Sieczkowski N, Castex M, Trevisiol E, Dague E, François JM. AFM dendritips functionalized with molecular probes specific to cell wall polysaccharides as a tool to investigate cell surface structure and organization. Cell Surf 2020; 5:100027. [PMID: 32743143 PMCID: PMC7389267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalisation of AFM dendritips with conA, WGA and anti-β-1,3/β-1, 6-glucan antibodies. Cell wall polysaccharides were immobilized on epoxy-activated glass slides. Specific binding of immobilized polysaccharides to functionalized dendritips. Functionalized dendritips used as a new tool to probe yeast cell surface.
The yeast cell wall is composed of mannoproteins, β-1,3/β-1, 6-glucans and chitin. Each of these components has technological properties that are relevant for industrial and medical applications. To address issues related to cell wall structure and alteration in response to stress or conditioning processes, AFM dendritips were functionalized with biomolecules that are specific for each of the wall components, which was wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for chitin, concanavalin A (ConA) for mannans and anti-β-1,3/anti-β-1,6-glucan antibodies for β-1,3/β-1,6-glucans. Binding specificity of these biomolecules were validated using penta-N-acetylchitopentaose, α-mannans, laminarin (short β-1,3-glucan chain) and gentiobiose (2 glucose units linked in β 1→6) immobilized on epoxy glass slides. Dynamic force spectroscopy was employed to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic information on the intermolecular interaction of the binary complexes using the model of Friddle-Noy-de Yoreo. Using this model, transition state distance xt, dissociate rate koff and the lowest force (feq) required to break the intermolecular bond of the complexes were approximated. These functionalized dendritips were then used to probe the yeast cell surface treated with a bacterial protease. As expected, this treatment, which removed the outer layer of the cell wall, gave accessibility to the inner layer composed of β-glucans. Likewise, bud scars were nicely localized using AFM dendritip bearing the WGA probe. To conclude, these functionalized AFM dendritips constitute a new toolbox that can be used to investigate cell surface structure and organization in response to a wide arrays of cultures and process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- LISBP, UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, F-31077 Toulouse, France.,Lallemand SAS, 19, rue des briquetiers, 31702 Blagnac, France
| | | | - Mathieu Castex
- Lallemand SAS, 19, rue des briquetiers, 31702 Blagnac, France
| | | | - Etienne Dague
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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17
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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The adhesion of homogenized fat globules to proteins is increased by milk heat treatment and acidic pH: Quantitative insights provided by AFM force spectroscopy. Food Res Int 2020; 129:108847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Li M, Xi N, Wang Y, Liu L. Atomic Force Microscopy as a Powerful Multifunctional Tool for Probing the Behaviors of Single Proteins. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 19:78-99. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2954099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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The surface properties of milk fat globules govern their interactions with the caseins: Role of homogenization and pH probed by AFM force spectroscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Ebner A, Wildling L, Gruber HJ. Functionalization of AFM Tips and Supports for Molecular Recognition Force Spectroscopy and Recognition Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1886:117-151. [PMID: 30374865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8894-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Linking of sensor molecules (e.g., antibodies) to an AFM tip converts it into a biosensor by which single target molecules (e.g., antigens) can be detected and localized on the sample surface. Moreover, the mechanism of interaction can be studied by force spectroscopy if purified target molecules are linked to an ultra-flat surface, such as mica or silicon (nitride). Rapid imaging of the binding sites and force spectroscopy studies are greatly facilitated if 6-10 nm long polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains are used as flexible tethers between the sensor molecule and the tip. Here, we describe a set of methods by which a variety of proteins, oligonucleotides, or small molecules can be tethered to silicon (nitride) tips or to mica. Methods are included which afford site-specific and oriented coupling of the sensor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ebner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - L Wildling
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - H J Gruber
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
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22
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23
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Adhesive interactions between milk fat globule membrane and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG inhibit bacterial attachment to Caco-2 TC7 intestinal cell. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Bacterial capture efficiency in fluid bloodstream improved by bendable nanowires. Nat Commun 2018; 9:444. [PMID: 29410412 PMCID: PMC5802748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases, such as sepsis, can lead to impaired function in the lungs, kidneys, and other vital organs. Although established technologies have been designed for the extracorporeal removal of bacteria, a high flow velocity of the true bloodstream might result in low capture efficiency and prevent the realization of their full clinical potential. Here, we develop a dialyzer made by three-dimensional carbon foam pre-grafted with nanowires to isolate bacteria from unprocessed blood. The tip region of polycrystalline nanowires is bent readily to form three-dimensional nanoclaws when dragged by the molecular force of ligand-receptor, because of a decreasing Young’s moduli from the bottom to the tip. The bacterial capture efficiency was improved from ~10% on carbon foam and ~40% on unbendable single-crystalline nanowires/carbon foam to 97% on bendable polycrystalline nanowires/carbon foam in a fluid bloodstream of 10 cm s−1 velocity. Bacteria and other pathogens entering the blood stream can have serious consequences, which can even lead to death. Here, the authors developed a sieve containing nano-sized claws that capture and hold these intruders, thus aiding their removal from patient’s blood
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25
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BinAhmed S, Hasane A, Wang Z, Mansurov A, Romero-Vargas Castrillón S. Bacterial Adhesion to Ultrafiltration Membranes: Role of Hydrophilicity, Natural Organic Matter, and Cell-Surface Macromolecules. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:162-172. [PMID: 29182855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the mechanisms underlying bacterial adhesion is critical to the formulation of membrane biofouling control strategies. Using AFM-based single-cell force spectroscopy, we investigated the interaction between Pseudomonas fluorescens, a biofilm-forming bacterium, and polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to unravel the mechanisms underlying early stage membrane biofouling. We show that hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) coatings decrease bacterial adhesion forces at short bacterium-membrane contact times. Further, we find that adhesion forces are weakened by the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) conditioning films, owing to the hydrophilicity of NOM. Investigation of the effect of adhesion contact time revealed that PDA coatings are less effective at preventing bioadhesion when the contact time is prolonged to 2-5 s, or when the membranes are exposed to bacterial suspensions under stirring. These results therefore challenge the notion that simple hydrophilic surface coatings are effective as a biofouling control strategy. Finally, we present evidence that adhesion to the UF membrane surface is mediated by cell-surface macromolecules (likely to be outer membrane proteins and pili) which, upon contacting the membrane, undergo surface-induced unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara BinAhmed
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anissa Hasane
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhaoxing Wang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aslan Mansurov
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Santiago Romero-Vargas Castrillón
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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26
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El-Kirat-Chatel S, Beaussart A. Probing Bacterial Adhesion at the Single-Molecule and Single-Cell Levels by AFM-Based Force Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1814:403-414. [PMID: 29956246 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8591-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of AFM probes with biomolecules or microorganisms allows for a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms driving microbial adhesion. Here we describe the most commonly used protocols to graft molecules and bacteria to AFM cantilevers. The bioprobes obtained that way enable to measure forces down to the single-cell and single-molecule levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000, Nancy, France.
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR7564, Nancy, France.
| | - Audrey Beaussart
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR7360, Nancy, France
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27
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Polotsky AA, Birshtein TM, Mercurieva AA, Leermakers FAM, Borisov OV. Unfolding of a comb-like polymer in a poor solvent: translation of macromolecular architecture in the force-deformation spectra. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9147-9161. [PMID: 29177317 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A numerical self-consistent field modeling approach was employed to study the mechanical unfolding of a globule made by comb-like polymers in a poor solvent with the aim of unraveling how the macromolecular architecture affects the shape of the single-molecule force-deformation curves. We demonstrate that the dependence of the restoring force on the imposed extension of the main chain of the comb-like polymer exhibits a characteristic oscillatory shape in the intermediate deformation range. Theoretical arguments are developed that enable us to relate the shape of the patterns on the force-deformation curves to the molecular architecture (grafting density and length of the side chains) and interaction parameters. Thus, the results of our study suggest a new approach for the determination of macromolecular topology from single-molecule mechanical unfolding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Polotsky
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences 31 Bolshoy pr, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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28
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Atomic Force Microscopy: A Promising Tool for Deciphering the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Fungi in Cystic Fibrosis. Mycopathologia 2017; 183:291-310. [PMID: 29128932 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool in microbiology. Although most of the works concerned bacteria, AFM also permitted major breakthroughs in the understanding of physiology and pathogenic mechanisms of some fungal species associated with cystic fibrosis. Complementary to electron microscopies, AFM offers unprecedented insights to visualize the cell wall architecture and components through three-dimensional imaging with nanometer resolution and to follow their dynamic changes during cell growth and division or following the exposure to drugs and chemicals. Besides imaging, force spectroscopy with piconewton sensitivity provides a direct means to decipher the forces governing cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, but also to quantify specific and non-specific interactions between cell surface components at the single-molecule level. This nanotool explores new ways for a better understanding of the structures and functions of the cell surface components and therefore may be useful to elucidate the role of these components in the host-pathogen interactions as well as in the complex interplay between bacteria and fungi in the lung microbiome.
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29
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Schiavone M, Déjean S, Sieczkowski N, Castex M, Dague E, François JM. Integration of Biochemical, Biophysical and Transcriptomics Data for Investigating the Structural and Nanomechanical Properties of the Yeast Cell Wall. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1806. [PMID: 29085340 PMCID: PMC5649194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast cell is surrounded by a cell wall conferring protection and resistance to environmental conditions that can be harmful. Identify the molecular cues (genes) which shape the biochemical composition and the nanomechanical properties of the cell wall and the links between these two parameters represent a major issue in the understanding of the biogenesis and the molecular assembly of this essential cellular structure, which may have consequences in diverse biotechnological applications. We addressed this question in two ways. Firstly, we compared the biochemical and biophysical properties using atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods of 4 industrial strains with the laboratory sequenced strain BY4743 and used transcriptome data of these strains to infer biological hypothesis about differences of these properties between strains. This comparative approach showed a 4–6-fold higher hydrophobicity of industrial strains that was correlated to higher expression of genes encoding adhesin and adhesin-like proteins and not to their higher mannans content. The second approach was to employ a multivariate statistical analysis to identify highly correlated variables among biochemical, biophysical and genes expression data. Accordingly, we found a tight association between hydrophobicity and adhesion events that positively correlated with a set of 22 genes in which the main enriched GO function was the sterol metabolic process. We also identified a strong association of β-1,3-glucans with contour length that corresponds to the extension of mannans chains upon pulling the mannosyl units with the lectin-coated AFM tips. This association was positively correlated with a group of 27 genes in which the seripauperin multigene family was highly documented and negatively connected with a set of 23 genes whose main GO biological process was sulfur assimilation/cysteine biosynthetic process. On the other hand, the elasticity modulus was found weakly associated with levels of β-1,6-glucans, and this biophysical variable was positively correlated with a set of genes implicated in microtubules polymerization, tubulin folding and mitotic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France.,Lallemand SASBlagnac, France
| | | | | | | | - Etienne Dague
- Laboratoire D'analyse et D'architecture des Systèmes du-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
| | - Jean M François
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Université de ToulouseToulouse, France
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30
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Li Q, Becker T, Sand W. Quantification of cell-substratum interactions by atomic force microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:639-643. [PMID: 28865360 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms adhere to surfaces and, subsequently, form biofilms. This process is of major interest in biotechnology, environmental sciences and medicine. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of interactions between substratum and cells or biofilms. By combining force mapping-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) with pyrite-modified cantilevers we quantified the adhesion forces between undenatured planktonic or biofilm cells of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and the substratum pyrite with values of 2.6±0.3nN and 77.3±7.1pN, respectively. This was achieved under natural conditions without any artefact resulting from the use of denaturing chemicals such as glutaraldehyde. This new technique is unique for quantifying the real interaction forces between cells or biofilms and their substrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Chemistry/Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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31
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Cuenot S, Bouvrée A, Bouchara JP. Nanoscale Mapping of Multiple Lectins on Cell Surfaces by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700050. [PMID: 32646172 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition events driven by protein-carbohydrate interactions play fundamental roles in various physiological and pathological processes in living organisms, including cohesion inside tissues, innate immune response, cancer cell metastasis, and infections. Unlike widely investigated carbohydrates, detailed knowledge of both the spatial organization of specific lectins and their identification on cell surfaces remains an essential prerequisite for the understanding of pathogen adhesion to host tissues and subsequent infection prevention. In this study, the spatially resolved localization, identification, and quantification of multiple carbohydrate-binding sites are directly revealed on the surface of fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Nanoscale reconstructed mapping from several recognition maps, corresponding each to a unique specific interaction probed by single-molecule force spectroscopy, shows the distribution of carbohydrate-binding sites on the pathogen surface. The identified binding sites are then blocked with the appropriate carbohydrate, attesting the possibility to control lectin-mediated host-pathogen interactions. Germination markedly affects both the spatial distribution of carbohydrate-binding sites, mostly expressed at the apex of hyphae, and the identity of the predominant ones, which depend on the location on germ tubes. These insights clearly open exciting avenues in nanomedicine to control host-pathogen interactions with the development of vaccines or inhibitory drugs that preferentially target the identified carbohydrate-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cuenot
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Audrey Bouvrée
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 9, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Institut de Biologie en Santé, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 9, France
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32
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Bao H, Yang B, Zhang X, Lei L, Li Z. Bacteria-templated fabrication of a charge heterogeneous polymeric interface for highly specific bacterial recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2319-2322. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using bacteria-templated polymerization, a novel bacteria-imprinted polymer (BIP) was fabricated for bacterial recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Lecheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Zhongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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33
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Tytgat HLP, van Teijlingen NH, Sullan RMA, Douillard FP, Rasinkangas P, Messing M, Reunanen J, Satokari R, Vanderleyden J, Dufrêne YF, Geijtenbeek TBH, de Vos WM, Lebeer S. Probiotic Gut Microbiota Isolate Interacts with Dendritic Cells via Glycosylated Heterotrimeric Pili. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151824. [PMID: 26985831 PMCID: PMC4795749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping of the microbial molecules underlying microbiota-host interactions is key to understand how microbiota preserve mucosal homeostasis. A pivotal family of such bacterial molecules are pili. Pili are proteinaceous cell wall appendages with a well-documented role in adhesion, whilst their role in immune interaction with the host is less established. Gram-positive pili are often posttranslationally modified by sortase-specific cleavage reactions and the formation of intramolecular peptide bonds. Here we report glycosylation as a new level of posttranslational modification of sortase-dependent pili of a beneficial microbiota species and its role in immune modulation. We focused on the SpaCBA pili of the model probiotic and beneficial human gut microbiota isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. A unique combination of molecular techniques, nanoscale mechanical and immunological approaches led to the identification of mannose and fucose residues on the SpaCBA pili. These glycans on the pili are recognized by human dendritic cells via the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, a key carbohydrate-dependent immune tailoring pattern recognition receptor. This specific lectin-sugar interaction is moreover of functional importance and modulated the cytokine response of dendritic cells. This provides insight into the direct role bacterial glycoproteins can play in the immunomodulation of the host. Modification of the complex heterotrimeric pili of a model probiotic and microbiota isolate with mannose and fucose is of importance for the functional interaction with the host immune lectin receptor DC-SIGN on human dendritic cells. Our findings shed light on the yet underappreciated role of glycoconjugates in bacteria-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne L. P. Tytgat
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Environmental Ecology & Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke H. van Teijlingen
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruby May A. Sullan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Pia Rasinkangas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcel Messing
- Immunobiology Research Program and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Immunobiology Research Program and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Environmental Ecology & Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Sokolov I, Zorn G, Nichols JM. A study of molecular adsorption of a cationic surfactant on complex surfaces with atomic force microscopy. Analyst 2016; 141:1017-26. [PMID: 26730682 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The study of molecular adsorption on solid surfaces is of broad interest. However, so far the study has been restricted to idealized flat smooth rigid surfaces which are rarely the case in real world applications. Here we describe a study of molecular adsorption on a complex surface of the submicron fibers of a fibrous membrane of regenerated cellulose in aqueous media. We use a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), as the adsorbing molecule. We study the equilibrium adsorption of CTAC molecules on the same area of the fibers by sequentially immersing the membrane in pure water, 1 mM and then a 20 mM solution of CTAC. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is applied to study the adsorption. The force-volume mode is used to record the force-deformation curves of the adsorbed molecules on the fiber surface. We suggest a model to separate the forces due to the adsorbed molecules from the elastic deformation of the fiber. Interestingly, knowledge of the surface geometry is not required in this model provided the surface is made of elastically homogeneous material. Different models are investigated to estimate the amount of the adsorbed molecules based on the obtained force curves. The exponential steric repulsion model fits the force data the best. The amount of the adsorbed surfactant molecules and its dependence on the concentration are found to be reasonable compared to the data previously measured by means of Raman scattering done on a flat surface of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sokolov
- Departments of ME, BME, Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Brian-Jaisson F, Molmeret M, Fahs A, Guentas-Dombrowsky L, Culioli G, Blache Y, Cérantola S, Ortalo-Magné A. Characterization and anti-biofilm activity of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the marine biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ulvae strain TC14. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:547-560. [PMID: 27020951 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1164845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated soluble (Sol-EPS), loosely bound (LB-EPS), and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) harvested from biofilm and planktonic cultures of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ulvae TC14. The aim of the characterization (colorimetric methods, FTIR, GC-MS, NMR, HPGPC, and AFM analyses) was to identify new anti-biofilm compounds; activity was assessed using the BioFilm Ring Test®. A step-wise separation of EPS was designed, based on differences in water-solubility and acidity. An acidic fraction was isolated from TB-EPS, which strongly inhibited biofilm formation by marine bacterial strains in a concentration-dependent manner. The main constituents of this fraction were characterized as two glucan-like polysaccharides. An active poly(glutamyl-glutamate) fraction was also recovered from TB-EPS. The distribution of these key EPS components in Sol-EPS, LB-EPS, and TB-EPS was distinct and differed quantitatively in biofilm vs planktonic cultures. The anti-biofilm potential of the fractions emphasizes the putative antifouling role of EPS in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maëlle Molmeret
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | - Ahmad Fahs
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | | | - Gérald Culioli
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | - Yves Blache
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | - Stéphane Cérantola
- b Service commun de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
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36
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Li Q, Zhang T, Pan Y, Ciacchi LC, Xu B, Wei G. AFM-based force spectroscopy for bioimaging and biosensing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AFM-based force spectroscopy shows wide bio-related applications especially for bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Tong Zhang
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Altens
- USA
| | - Yangang Pan
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Altens
- USA
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Altens
- USA
| | - Gang Wei
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
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Mechanics of Bacterial Cells and Initial Surface Colonisation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 915:245-60. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32189-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi play an important role not only in the bio-manufacturing of value-added products, but also in bioenergy and environmental research. The bioprocess manipulation of filamentous fungi is more difficult than that of other microbial species because of their different pellet morphologies and the presence of tangled mycelia under different cultivation conditions. Fungal pellets, which have the advantages of harvest ease, low fermentation broth viscosity and high yield of some proteins, have been used for a long time. Many attempts have been made to establish the relationship between pellet and product yield using quantitative approaches. Fungal pellet formation is attributed to the combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrophobicity and specific interactions from spore wall components. Electrostatic interactions result from van der Waals forces and negative charge repulsion from carboxyl groups in the spore wall structure. Electrostatic interactions are also affected by counter-ions (cations) and the physiologic conditions of spores that modify the carboxyl groups. Fungal aggregates are promoted by the hydrophobicity generated by hydrophobins, which form a hydrophobic coat that covers the spore. The specific interactions of spore wall components contribute to spore aggregation through salt bridging. A model of spore aggregation was proposed based on these forces. Additionally, some challenges were addressed, including the limitations of research techniques, the quantitative determination of forces and the complex information of biological systems, to clarify the mechanism of fungal pellet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology and
| | - Jining Zhang
- b Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , China
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Aguayo S, Donos N, Spratt D, Bozec L. Nanoadhesion of Staphylococcus aureus onto Titanium Implant Surfaces. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1078-84. [PMID: 26130256 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515591485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of bacteria to dental implant surfaces is the critical initial step in the process of biofilm colonization; however, the specific nanoadhesive interactions occurring during the first contact between bacterial cells and biomaterial substrates remain poorly understood. In this report, we utilize single-cell force spectroscopy to characterize the dynamics of the initial interaction between living Staphylococcus aureus cells and machined titanium surfaces at the nanoscale. Values for maximum adhesion force were found to increase from 0-s (-0.27 ± 0.30 nN) to 60-s (-9.15 ± 0.78 nN) surface delays, with similar results observed for total adhesion work (7.39 ± 2.38 and 988.06 ± 117.08 aJ, respectively). Single unbinding events observed at higher surface delays were modeled according to the wormlike chain model, obtaining molecular contour-length predictions of 314.06 ± 9.27 nm. Average single-bond rupture forces of -0.95 ± 0.04 nN were observed at increased contact times. Short- and long-range force components of bacterial adhesion were obtained by Poisson analysis of single unbinding event peaks, yielding values of -0.75 ± 0.04 and -0.58 ± 0.15 nN, respectively. Addition of 2-mg/mL chlorhexidine to the buffer solution resulted in the inhibition of specific adhesive events but an increased overall adhesion force and work. These results suggest that initial attachment of S. aureus to smooth titanium is mostly mediated by short-range attractive forces observed at higher surface delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aguayo
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Donos
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Spratt
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Bozec
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Li W, Xia X, Tang W, Ji J, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Dong M. Structural characterization and anticancer activity of cell-bound exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3454-3463. [PMID: 25798529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel cell-bound exopolysaccharide (c-EPS) was isolated from Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 by ultrasonic extraction, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography before being structurally characterized. The c-EPS is a heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 1.83 × 10(5) Da and is composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose at a molar ratio of 3.12:1.01:1.00:0.18:0.16. Methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the c-EPS is a linear glucomannogalactan containing repeating units of → 6)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Galp-(1 → and trace amounts of Rhap-(1 → and (1 → 4)-Arap residues. Complex formation with Congo red demonstrated a triple-strand helical conformation for the c-EPS. Scanning electron microscopy of the c-EPS revealed many regular feather-like structural units. Topographical examination of c-EPS by atomic force microscopy revealed that the c-EPS formed rounded-to-spherical lumps with different sizes and chain formations. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro tests revealed that c-EPS significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2, BGC-823, and especially HT-29 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiudong Xia
- ‡Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Weizhi Tang
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ji
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xin Rui
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mei Jiang
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- ‡Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Qiuqin Zhang
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- †College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
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41
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Heim KP, Sullan RMA, Crowley PJ, El-Kirat-Chatel S, Beaussart A, Tang W, Besingi R, Dufrene YF, Brady LJ. Identification of a supramolecular functional architecture of Streptococcus mutans adhesin P1 on the bacterial cell surface. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9002-19. [PMID: 25666624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
P1 (antigen I/II) is a sucrose-independent adhesin of Streptococcus mutans whose functional architecture on the cell surface is not fully understood. S. mutans cells subjected to mechanical extraction were significantly diminished in adherence to immobilized salivary agglutinin but remained immunoreactive and were readily aggregated by fluid-phase salivary agglutinin. Bacterial adherence was restored by incubation of postextracted cells with P1 fragments that contain each of the two known adhesive domains. In contrast to untreated cells, glutaraldehyde-treated bacteria gained reactivity with anti-C-terminal monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), whereas epitopes recognized by mAbs against other portions of the molecule were masked. Surface plasmon resonance experiments demonstrated the ability of apical and C-terminal fragments of P1 to interact. Binding of several different anti-P1 mAbs to unfixed cells triggered release of a C-terminal fragment from the bacterial surface, suggesting a novel mechanism of action of certain adherence-inhibiting antibodies. We also used atomic force microscopy-based single molecule force spectroscopy with tips bearing various mAbs to elucidate the spatial organization and orientation of P1 on living bacteria. The similar rupture lengths detected using mAbs against the head and C-terminal regions, which are widely separated in the tertiary structure, suggest a higher order architecture in which these domains are in close proximity on the cell surface. Taken together, our results suggest a supramolecular organization in which additional P1 polypeptides, including the C-terminal segment originally identified as antigen II, associate with covalently attached P1 to form the functional adhesive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Heim
- From the Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Ruby May A Sullan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Paula J Crowley
- From the Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Audrey Beaussart
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Wenxing Tang
- From the Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Richard Besingi
- From the Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Yves F Dufrene
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - L Jeannine Brady
- From the Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
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42
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Bacharouche J, Degardin M, Jierry L, Carteret C, Lavalle P, Hemmerlé J, Senger B, Auzély-Velty R, Boulmedais F, Boturyn D, Coche-Guérente L, Schaaf P, Francius G. Multivalency: influence of the residence time and the retraction rate on rupture forces measured by AFM. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular orientation and flexibility of β-CD modulate the contact time and the multivalence effects of specific host–guest interactions.
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44
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Abstract
Recent progress in surface science, nanotechnology and biophysics has cast new light on the correlation between the physicochemical properties of biomaterials and the resulting biological response. One experimental tool that promises to generate an increasingly more sophisticated knowledge of how proteins, cells and bacteria interact with nanostructured surfaces is the atomic force microscope (AFM). This unique instrument permits to close in on interfacial events at the scale at which they occur, the nanoscale. This perspective covers recent developments in the exploitation of the AFM, and suggests insights on future opportunities that can arise from the exploitation of this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Variola
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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45
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Pi J, Jin H, Yang F, Chen ZW, Cai J. In situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes: linking basic nanotechniques to cell biology, immunology and medicine. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:12229-12249. [PMID: 25227707 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane, which consists of a viscous phospholipid bilayer, different kinds of proteins and various nano/micrometer-sized domains, plays a very important role in ensuring the stability of the intracellular environment and the order of cellular signal transductions. Exploring the precise cell membrane structure and detailed functions of the biomolecules in a cell membrane would be helpful to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in cell membrane signal transductions, which could further benefit research into cell biology, immunology and medicine. The detection of membrane biomolecules at the single molecule level can provide some subtle information about the molecular structure and the functions of the cell membrane. In particular, information obtained about the molecular mechanisms and other information at the single molecule level are significantly different from that detected from a large amount of biomolecules at the large-scale through traditional techniques, and can thus provide a novel perspective for the study of cell membrane structures and functions. However, the precise investigations of membrane biomolecules prompts researchers to explore cell membranes at the single molecule level by the use of in situ imaging methods, as the exact conformation and functions of biomolecules are highly controlled by the native cellular environment. Recently, the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes has attracted increasing attention from cell biologists and immunologists. The size of biomolecules and their clusters on the cell surface are set at the nanoscale, which makes it mandatory to use high- and super-resolution imaging techniques to realize the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes. In the past few decades, some amazing imaging techniques and instruments with super resolution have been widely developed for molecule imaging, which can also be further employed for the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes. In this review, we attempt to summarize the characteristics of these advanced techniques for use in the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes. We believe that this work will help to promote the technological and methodological developments of super-resolution techniques for the single molecule imaging of cell membranes and help researchers better understand which technique is most suitable for their future exploring of membrane biomolecules; ultimately promoting further developments in cell biology, immunology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technique, Macau, China.
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46
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Basic and clinical research on the regulation of the intestinal barrier by Lactobacillus and its active protein components: a review with experience of one center. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8037-46. [PMID: 25185994 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics got protective effects on the intestinal barrier. Our present study is to review the basic and clinical progress on the regulation of the intestinal barrier by Lactobacillus and its active protein components, combing the study of our center. Our study have isolated the active component of micro integral membrane protein (MIMP) within the media place of the integral membrane protein of Lactobacillus plantarum, which was verified about the protective effects against the intestinal epithelial dysfunction. On the other hand, we also found the effects of perioperative use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of postoperative intestinal barrier dysfunction, and reduction of the postoperative infective complications. In this review, we would like to report the founding of our center, involving in the basic and clinical research progress of regulation of intestinal barrier by Lactobacillus and its active protein component MIMP. Furthermore, we may also promote our following studies about the MIMP and its clinical verification.
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Abstract
The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is a complex assemblage of glycopolymers and proteins. It consists of a thick peptidoglycan sacculus that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane and that is decorated with teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. It plays a major role in bacterial physiology since it maintains cell shape and integrity during growth and division; in addition, it acts as the interface between the bacterium and its environment. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are traditionally and widely used to ferment food, and they are also the subject of more and more research because of their potential health-related benefits. It is now recognized that understanding the composition, structure, and properties of LAB cell walls is a crucial part of developing technological and health applications using these bacteria. In this review, we examine the different components of the Gram-positive cell wall: peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. We present recent findings regarding the structure and function of these complex compounds, results that have emerged thanks to the tandem development of structural analysis and whole genome sequencing. Although general structures and biosynthesis pathways are conserved among Gram-positive bacteria, studies have revealed that LAB cell walls demonstrate unique properties; these studies have yielded some notable, fundamental, and novel findings. Given the potential of this research to contribute to future applied strategies, in our discussion of the role played by cell wall components in LAB physiology, we pay special attention to the mechanisms controlling bacterial autolysis, bacterial sensitivity to bacteriophages and the mechanisms underlying interactions between probiotic bacteria and their hosts.
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48
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Fahs A, Quilès F, Jamal D, Humbert F, Francius G. In Situ Analysis of Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances from a Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilm by Combined Vibrational and Single Molecule Force Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6702-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fahs
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour
l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Fabienne Quilès
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour
l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Dima Jamal
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour
l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - François Humbert
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour
l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Grégory Francius
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour
l’Environnement, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
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Chapot-Chartier MP. Interactions of the cell-wall glycopolymers of lactic acid bacteria with their bacteriophages. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:236. [PMID: 24904550 PMCID: PMC4033162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram positive bacteria widely used in the production of fermented food in particular cheese and yoghurts. Bacteriophage infections during fermentation processes have been for many years a major industrial concern and have stimulated numerous research efforts. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bacteriophage interactions with their host bacteria is required for the development of efficient strategies to fight against infections. The bacterial cell wall plays key roles in these interactions. First, bacteriophages must adsorb at the bacterial surface through specific interactions with receptors that are cell wall components. At next step, phages must overcome the barrier constituted by cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) to inject DNA inside bacterial cell. Also at the end of the infection cycle, phages synthesize endolysins able to hydrolyze PG and lyse bacterial cells to release phage progeny. In the last decade, concomitant development of genomics and structural analysis of cell wall components allowed considerable advances in the knowledge of their structure and function in several model LAB. Here, we describe the present knowledge on the structure of the cell wall glycopolymers of the best characterized LAB emphasizing their structural variations and we present the available data regarding their role in bacteria-phage specific interactions at the different steps of the infection cycle.
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Beaussart A, El-Kirat-Chatel S, Sullan RMA, Alsteens D, Herman P, Derclaye S, Dufrêne YF. Quantifying the forces guiding microbial cell adhesion using single-cell force spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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