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Saeed S, Bonnefond A, Froguel P. Obesity: exploring its connection to brain function through genetic and genomic perspectives. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02737-9. [PMID: 39237720 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity represents an escalating global health burden with profound medical and economic impacts. The conventional perspective on obesity revolves around its classification as a "pure" metabolic disorder, marked by an imbalance between calorie consumption and energy expenditure. Present knowledge, however, recognizes the intricate interaction of rare or frequent genetic factors that favor the development of obesity, together with the emergence of neurodevelopmental and mental abnormalities, phenotypes that are modulated by environmental factors such as lifestyle. Thirty years of human genetic research has unveiled >20 genes, causing severe early-onset monogenic obesity and ~1000 loci associated with common polygenic obesity, most of those expressed in the brain, depicting obesity as a neurological and mental condition. Therefore, obesity's association with brain function should be better recognized. In this context, this review seeks to broaden the current perspective by elucidating the genetic determinants that contribute to both obesity and neurodevelopmental and mental dysfunctions. We conduct a detailed examination of recent genetic findings, correlating them with clinical and behavioral phenotypes associated with obesity. This includes how polygenic obesity, influenced by a myriad of genetic variants, impacts brain regions associated with addiction and reward, differentiating it from monogenic forms. The continuum between non-syndromic and syndromic monogenic obesity, with evidence from neurodevelopmental and cognitive assessments, is also addressed. Current therapeutic approaches that target these genetic mechanisms, yielding improved clinical outcomes and cognitive advantages, are discussed. To sum up, this review corroborates the genetic underpinnings of obesity, affirming its classification as a neurological disorder that may have broader implications for neurodevelopmental and mental conditions. It highlights the promising intersection of genetics, genomics, and neurobiology as a foundation for developing tailored medical approaches to treat obesity and its related neurological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- INSERM UMR 1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France.
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Koskinas KC, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Antoniades C, Blüher M, Gorter TM, Hanssen H, Marx N, McDonagh TA, Mingrone G, Rosengren A, Prescott EB. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae279. [PMID: 39210708 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past four decades, currently affecting more than a billion individuals. Beyond its recognition as a high-risk condition that is causally linked to many chronic illnesses, obesity has been declared a disease per se that results in impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Notably, two-thirds of obesity-related excess mortality is attributable to cardiovascular disease. Despite the increasingly appreciated link between obesity and a broad range of cardiovascular disease manifestations including atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, thromboembolic disease, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, obesity has been underrecognized and sub-optimally addressed compared with other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In the view of major repercussions of the obesity epidemic on public health, attention has focused on population-based and personalized approaches to prevent excess weight gain and maintain a healthy body weight from early childhood and throughout adult life, as well as on comprehensive weight loss interventions for persons with established obesity. This clinical consensus statement by the European Society of Cardiology discusses current evidence on the epidemiology and aetiology of obesity; the interplay between obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac conditions; the clinical management of patients with cardiac disease and obesity; and weight loss strategies including lifestyle changes, interventional procedures, and anti-obesity medications with particular focus on their impact on cardiometabolic risk and cardiac outcomes. The document aims to raise awareness on obesity as a major risk factor and provide guidance for implementing evidence-based practices for its prevention and optimal management within the context of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Koskinas
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital-INSELSPITAL, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
- Research group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gorter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa A McDonagh
- Cardiology Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- King's College, London, UK
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli & Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Västra Götaland Region, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva B Prescott
- Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
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3
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Koskinas KC, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Antoniades C, Blüher M, Gorter TM, Hanssen H, Marx N, McDonagh TA, Mingrone G, Rosengren A, Prescott EB. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae508. [PMID: 39210706 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past four decades, currently affecting more than a billion individuals. Beyond its recognition as a high-risk condition that is causally linked to many chronic illnesses, obesity has been declared a disease per se that results in impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Notably, two-thirds of obesity-related excess mortality is attributable to cardiovascular disease. Despite the increasingly appreciated link between obesity and a broad range of cardiovascular disease manifestations including atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, thromboembolic disease, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, obesity has been underrecognized and sub-optimally addressed compared with other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In the view of major repercussions of the obesity epidemic on public health, attention has focused on population-based and personalized approaches to prevent excess weight gain and maintain a healthy body weight from early childhood and throughout adult life, as well as on comprehensive weight loss interventions for persons with established obesity. This clinical consensus statement by the European Society of Cardiology discusses current evidence on the epidemiology and aetiology of obesity; the interplay between obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac conditions; the clinical management of patients with cardiac disease and obesity; and weight loss strategies including lifestyle changes, interventional procedures, and anti-obesity medications with particular focus on their impact on cardiometabolic risk and cardiac outcomes. The document aims to raise awareness on obesity as a major risk factor and provide guidance for implementing evidence-based practices for its prevention and optimal management within the context of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Koskinas
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital-INSELSPITAL, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
- Research group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gorter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa A McDonagh
- Cardiology Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- King's College, London, UK
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli & Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Västra Götaland Region, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva B Prescott
- Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
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Meulebrouck S, Merrheim J, Queniat G, Bourouh C, Derhourhi M, Boissel M, Yi X, Badreddine A, Boutry R, Leloire A, Toussaint B, Amanzougarene S, Vaillant E, Durand E, Loiselle H, Huyvaert M, Dechaume A, Scherrer V, Marchetti P, Balkau B, Charpentier G, Franc S, Marre M, Roussel R, Scharfmann R, Cnop M, Canouil M, Baron M, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. Functional genetics reveals the contribution of delta opioid receptor to type 2 diabetes and beta-cell function. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6627. [PMID: 39103322 PMCID: PMC11300616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional genetics has identified drug targets for metabolic disorders. Opioid use impacts metabolic homeostasis, although mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we explore the OPRD1 gene (encoding delta opioid receptor, DOP) to understand its impact on type 2 diabetes. Large-scale sequencing of OPRD1 and in vitro analysis reveal that loss-of-function variants are associated with higher adiposity and lower hyperglycemia risk, whereas gain-of-function variants are associated with lower adiposity and higher type 2 diabetes risk. These findings align with studies of opium addicts. OPRD1 is expressed in human islets and beta cells, with decreased expression under type 2 diabetes conditions. DOP inhibition by an antagonist enhances insulin secretion from human beta cells and islets. RNA-sequencing identifies pathways regulated by DOP antagonism, including nerve growth factor, circadian clock, and nuclear receptor pathways. Our study highlights DOP as a key player between opioids and metabolic homeostasis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Grants
- This study was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-46 [European Genomics Institute for Diabetes] to PF and AB), the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-EQPX-07-01 [LIGAN-PM] to PF and AB), the European Research Council (ERC Reg-Seq – 715575 and ERC OpiO – 101043671, to AB), the EFSD New Targets for Diabetes or Obesity-related Metabolic Diseases Programme supported by an educational research grant from MSD (to AB) and the National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine – PreciDIAB, which is jointly supported by the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-IBHU-0001), by the European Union (FEDER), by the Hauts-de-France Regional Council and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL). The study was also supported by "France Génomique" consortium (ANR-10-INBS-009). XY was supported by the Fondation ULB and the China Scholarship Council. MCnop acknowledges support by the Walloon Region SPW-EER (Win2Wal project BetaSource), the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS) and the Francophone Foundation for Diabetes Research (FFRD, that is sponsored by the French Diabetes Federation, Abbott, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Novo Nordisk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meulebrouck
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Judith Merrheim
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Gurvan Queniat
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alaa Badreddine
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Leloire
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Souhila Amanzougarene
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Loiselle
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Huyvaert
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Victoria Scherrer
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018 Clinical Epidemiology, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France
| | - Sylvia Franc
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France
- Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Clinique Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology Endocrinology Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, ULB Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Morgane Baron
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Mu M, Sun H, Geng S, Xu T, Sun C, Zhang Z, Meng S, Li M, Liu A, Yang Z, Xie W. Neurexin-3 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates body weight and glucose homeostasis independently of food intake. Mol Brain 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 39090731 PMCID: PMC11295692 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurexin-3 (Nrxn3) has been genetically associated with obesity, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of Nrxn3 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in regulating energy balance and glucose homeostasis. We found that Nrxn3 expression in the PVN was upregulated in response to metabolic stressors, including cold exposure and fasting. Using Cre-loxP technology, we selectively ablated Nrxn3 in CaMKIIα-expressing neurons of the PVN in male mice. This genetic manipulation resulted in marked weight gain attributable to increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance, without affecting food intake. Our findings identify PVN CaMKIIα-expressing neurons as a critical locus where Nrxn3 modulates energy balance by regulating adipogenesis and glucose metabolism, independently of appetite. These results reveal a novel neural mechanism potentially linking Nrxn3 dysfunction to obesity pathogenesis, suggesting that targeting PVN Nrxn3-dependent neural pathways may inform new therapeutic approaches for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdao Mu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Xu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chuanyao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Sibie Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Moyi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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6
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Goldfield GS, Cameron JD, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Prud'homme D, Ngu M, Alberga AS, Doucette S, Goldfield DB, Tulloch H, Thai H, Simas KR, Walsh J. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and health-related quality of life in youth with obesity. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16140. [PMID: 38997217 PMCID: PMC11245332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism causes functional changes in BDNF, and is associated with obesity and some psychiatric disorders, but its relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains unknown. This study examined, in youth with obesity, whether carriers of the BDNF Val66met polymorphism Met-alleles (A/A or G/A) differed from noncarriers (G/G) on HRQoL. The participants were 187 adolescents with obesity. Ninety-nine youth were carriers of the homozygous Val/Val (G/G) alleles, and 88 were carriers of the Val/Met (G/A) or Met/Met (A/A) alleles. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast for genotyping. HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric-Quality of Life core version. Compared to carriers of the Val66Met Val (G/G) alleles, carriers of the Met-Alleles reported significantly higher physical -HRQoL (p = 0.02), school-related HRQoL, (p = 0.05), social-related HRQoL (p = 0.05), and total HRQoL (p = 0.03), and a trend for Psychosocial-HRQoL. Research is needed to confirm our findings and determine whether carriers of the BDNF Val66Met homozygous Val (G/G) alleles may be at risk of diminished HRQoL, information that can influence interventions in a high-risk population of inactive youth with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mathew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Heather Tulloch
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Thai
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin R Simas
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Walsh
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Gad H, Mohammed I, Dauleh H, Pasha M, Al-Barazenji T, Hussain K, Malik RA. Case report: Nerve fiber regeneration in children with melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutation related obesity treated with semaglutide. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385463. [PMID: 38974580 PMCID: PMC11227249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) mutations are the commonest cause of monogenic obesity through dysregulation of neuronal pathways in the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex that regulate hunger and satiety. MC4R also regulates neuropathic pain pathways via JNK signaling after nerve injury. We show evidence of corneal small fiber degeneration in 2 siblings carrying a heterozygous missense variant c.508A>G, p.Ille170Val in the MC4R gene. Both children were treated with once weekly semaglutide for 6 months with no change in weight, and only a minor improvement in HbA1c and lipid profile. However, there was evidence of nerve regeneration with an increase in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) [child A (13.9%), child B (14.7%)], corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) [child A (110.2%), child B (58.7%)] and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) [child A (21.5%), child B (44.0%)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Gad
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Idris Mohammed
- Endocrinology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hajar Dauleh
- Endocrinology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maheen Pasha
- Endocrinology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Rayaz A. Malik
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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8
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Krittika S, Yadav P. Correlated changes in stress resistance and biochemical parameters in response to long-term protein restriction in Drosophila melanogaster. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231741. [PMID: 39100164 PMCID: PMC11295984 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Studies in fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, have observed considerable variation in the effect of dietary protein restriction (PR) on various fitness traits. In addition, not only are there inconsistent results relating lifespan to stress resistance, but also the long-term effects of PR are unexplored. We study PR implementation across generations (long term) hypothesizing that it will be beneficial for fitness traits, stress resistance and storage reserves due to nutritional plasticity transferred by parents to offspring in earlier Drosophila studies. By imposing two concentrations of PR diets (50% and 70% of control protein) from the pre-adult and adult (age 1 day) stages of the flies, we assessed the stage-specific and long-term effect of the imposed PR. All long-term PR flies showed increased resistance against the tested stressors (starvation, desiccation, H2O2-induced oxidative stress). In addition, we also found long-term PR-induced increased stress resistance across generations. The PR flies also possessed higher protein and triglyceride (TG) content, reduced glucose and unaffected glycogen levels. We also assayed the effect of returning the PR flies to control (AL) food for a single generation and assessed their biochemical parameters to witness the transient PR effect. It was seen that TG content upon reversal was similar to AL flies except for PRI70 males; however, the glucose levels of PR males increased, while they were consistently lower in females. Taken altogether, our study suggests that long-term PR implementation contributes to increased stress resistance and was found to influence storage reserves in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Krittika
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
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9
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Folon L, Baron M, Scherrer V, Toussaint B, Vaillant E, Loiselle H, Dechaume A, De Pooter F, Boutry R, Boissel M, Diallo A, Ning L, Balkau B, Charpentier G, Franc S, Marre M, Derhourhi M, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. Pathogenic, Total Loss-of-Function DYRK1B Variants Cause Monogenic Obesity Associated With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:444-451. [PMID: 38170957 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rare variants in DYRK1B have been described in some patients with central obesity, type 2 diabetes, and early-onset coronary disease. Owing to the limited number of conducted studies, the broader impact of DYRK1B variants on a larger scale has yet to be investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DYRK1B was sequenced in 9,353 participants from a case-control study for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Each DYRK1B variant was functionally assessed in vitro. Variant pathogenicity was determined using criteria from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The effect of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants on metabolic traits was assessed using adjusted mixed-effects score tests. RESULTS Sixty-five rare, heterozygous DYRK1B variants were identified and were not associated with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Following functional analyses, 20 P/LP variants were pinpointed, including 6 variants that exhibited a fully inhibitory effect (P/LP-null) on DYRK1B activity. P/LP and P/LP-null DYRK1B variants were associated with increased BMI and obesity risk; however, the impact was notably more pronounced for the P/LP-null variants (effect of 8.0 ± 3.2 and odds ratio of 7.9 [95% CI 1.2-155]). Furthermore, P/LP-null variants were associated with higher fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes risk (effect of 2.9 ± 1.0 and odds ratio of 4.8 [95% CI 0.85-37]), while P/LP variants had no effect on glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS P/LP, total loss-of-function DYRK1B variants cause monogenic obesity associated with type 2 diabetes. This study underscores the significance of conducting functional assessments in order to accurately ascertain the tangible effects of P/LP DYRK1B variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Folon
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Morgane Baron
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Victoria Scherrer
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Loiselle
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédérique De Pooter
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aboubacar Diallo
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lijiao Ning
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, UVSQ, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018 Clinical Epidemiology, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France
| | - Sylvia Franc
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France
- Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Clinique Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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10
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Zoh RS, Esteves BH, Yu X, Fairchild AJ, Vazquez AI, Chapple AG, Brown AW, George B, Gordon D, Landsittel D, Gadbury GL, Pavela G, de Los Campos G, Mestre LM, Allison DB. Design, analysis, and interpretation of treatment response heterogeneity in personalized nutrition and obesity treatment research. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13635. [PMID: 37667550 PMCID: PMC10825777 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly assumed that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to dietary recommendations for the management and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. This phenomenon that not all individuals respond uniformly to a given treatment has become an area of research interest given the rise of personalized and precision medicine. To conduct, interpret, and disseminate this research rigorously and with scientific accuracy, however, requires an understanding of treatment response heterogeneity. Here, we define treatment response heterogeneity as it relates to clinical trials, provide statistical guidance for measuring treatment response heterogeneity, and highlight study designs that can quantify treatment response heterogeneity in nutrition and obesity research. Our goal is to educate nutrition and obesity researchers in how to correctly identify and consider treatment response heterogeneity when analyzing data and interpreting results, leading to rigorous and accurate advancements in the field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Zoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew G Chapple
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew W Brown
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Brandon George
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek Gordon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Gary L Gadbury
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansa, USA
| | - Greg Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Statistics & Probability, IQ - Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis M Mestre
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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11
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Mohammed I, Haris B, Al-Barazenji T, Vasudeva D, Tomei S, Al Azwani I, Dauleh H, Shehzad S, Chirayath S, Mohamadsalih G, Petrovski G, Khalifa A, Love DR, Al-Shafai M, Hussain K. Understanding the Genetics of Early-Onset Obesity in a Cohort of Children From Qatar. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3201-3213. [PMID: 37329217 PMCID: PMC10655519 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Monogenic obesity is a rare form of obesity due to pathogenic variants in genes implicated in the leptin-melanocortin signaling pathway and accounts for around 5% of severe early-onset obesity. Mutations in the genes encoding the MC4R, leptin, and leptin receptor are commonly reported in various populations to cause monogenic obesity. Determining the genetic cause has important clinical benefits as novel therapeutic interventions are now available for some forms of monogenic obesity. OBJECTIVE To unravel the genetic causes of early-onset obesity in the population of Qatar. METHODS In total, 243 patients with early-onset obesity (above the 95% percentile) and age of onset below 10 years were screened for monogenic obesity variants using a targeted gene panel, consisting of 52 obesity-related genes. RESULTS Thirty rare variants potentially associated with obesity were identified in 36 of 243 (14.8%) probands in 15 candidate genes (LEP, LEPR, POMC, MC3R, MC4R, MRAP2, SH2B1, BDNF, NTRK2, DYRK1B, SIM1, GNAS, ADCY3, RAI1, and BBS2). Twenty-three of the variants identified were novel to this study and the rest, 7 variants, were previously reported in literature. Variants in MC4R were the most common cause of obesity in our cohort (19%) and the c.485C>T p.T162I variant was the most frequent MC4R variant seen in 5 patients. CONCLUSION We identified likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants that seem to explain the phenotype of around 14.8% of our cases. Variants in the MC4R gene are the commonest cause of early-onset obesity in our population. Our study represents the largest monogenic obesity cohort in the Middle East and revealed novel obesity variants in this understudied population. Functional studies will be required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Mohammed
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Haris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tara Al-Barazenji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhanya Vasudeva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomic Services, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman Al Azwani
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomic Services, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hajar Dauleh
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saira Shehzad
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shiga Chirayath
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghassan Mohamadsalih
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amel Khalifa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donald R Love
- Division of Genetic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mashael Al-Shafai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Qahaz N, Lone IM, Khadija A, Ghnaim A, Zohud O, Nun NB, Nashef A, Abu El-Naaj I, Iraqi FA. Host Genetic Background Effect on Body Weight Changes Influenced by Heterozygous Smad4 Knockout Using Collaborative Cross Mouse Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16136. [PMID: 38003328 PMCID: PMC10671513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its attendant conditions have become major health problems worldwide, and obesity is currently ranked as the fifth most common cause of death globally. Complex environmental and genetic factors are causes of the current obesity epidemic. Diet, lifestyle, chemical exposure, and other confounding factors are difficult to manage in humans. The mice model is helpful in researching genetic BW gain because genetic and environmental risk factors can be controlled in mice. Studies in mouse strains with various genetic backgrounds and established genetic structures provide unparalleled opportunities to find and analyze trait-related genomic loci. In this study, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC), a large panel of recombinant inbred mouse strains, to present a predictive study using heterozygous Smad4 knockout profiles of CC mice to understand and effectively identify predispositions to body weight gain. Male C57Bl/6J Smad4+/- mice were mated with female mice from 10 different CC lines to create F1 mice (Smad4+/-x CC). Body weight (BW) was measured weekly until week 16 and then monthly until the end of the study (week 48). The heritability (H2) of the assessed traits was estimated and presented. Comparative analysis of various machine learning algorithms for predicting the BW changes and genotype of mice was conducted. Our data showed that the body weight records of F1 mice with different CC lines differed between wild-type and mutant Smad4 mice during the experiment. Genetic background affects weight gain and some lines gained more weight in the presence of heterozygous Smad4 knockout, while others gained less, but, in general, the mutation caused overweight mice, except for a few lines. In both control and mutant groups, female %BW had a higher heritability (H2) value than males. Additionally, both sexes with wild-type genotypes showed higher heritability values than the mutant group. Logistic regression provides the most accurate mouse genotype predictions using machine learning. We plan to validate the proposed method on more CC lines and mice per line to expand the literature on machine learning for BW prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayrouz Qahaz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
| | - Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
| | - Aya Khadija
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
| | - Aya Ghnaim
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
| | - Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
| | - Nadav Ben Nun
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya 15208, Israel; (A.N.); (I.A.E.-N.)
| | - Imad Abu El-Naaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya 15208, Israel; (A.N.); (I.A.E.-N.)
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.Q.); (I.M.L.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (O.Z.); (N.B.N.)
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13
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Szczerbinski L, Florez JC. Precision medicine of obesity as an integral part of type 2 diabetes management - past, present, and future. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:861-878. [PMID: 37804854 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous condition that leads to various metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, for some, treatment options to date for obesity are insufficient, with many people not reaching sustained weight loss or having improvements in metabolic health. In this Review, we discuss advances in the genetics of obesity from the past decade-with emphasis on developments from the past 5 years-with a focus on metabolic consequences, and their potential implications for precision management of the disease. We also provide an overview of the potential role of genetics in guiding weight loss strategies. Finally, we propose a vision for the future of precision obesity management that includes developing an obesity-centred multidisease management algorithm that targets both obesity and its comorbidities. However, further collaborative efforts and research are necessary to fully realise its potential and improve metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jose C Florez
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Gatta-Cherifi B, Laboye A, Gronnier C, Monsaingeon-Henry M, Meulebrouck S, Baron M, Bertin F, Pupier E, Cambos S, Poitou C, Beyec-Le Bihan JL, Bonnefond A. A novel pathogenic variant in MRAP2 in an obese patient with successful outcome of bariatric surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:K15-K18. [PMID: 37888144 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding proteins located in the leptin/melanocortin pathway have been identified in the rare cases of genetic obesities. Heterozygous variants of MRAP2, encoding a G coupled-protein receptor accessory protein implicated in energy control notably via the melanocortin-4 receptor, have been recently identified. A 24-year-old patient with early-onset severe obesity (body mass index [BMI]: 64 kg/m2) associated with hypertension, respiratory complications, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes was referred to our department. Sleeve gastrectomy was successful. A new heterozygous variant in MRAP2 (NM_138409.4: c.154G>C/p.G52R) variant was identified in the patient DNA. Functional assessment confirmed that this new variant was pathogenic. We report a new pathogenic loss-of-function mutation in MRAP2 in a patient suffering from a severe multicomplicated obesity. This confirms the metabolic phenotype in patients with this monogenic form of obesity. Longer follow-up will be necessary. Our finding will allow a personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
- Neurocentre Magendie, Equipe "physiopathologie de la balance énergétique et obésité" INSERMU1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Laboye
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Gronnier
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Chirurgie digestive et endocrinienne, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Maud Monsaingeon-Henry
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sarah Meulebrouck
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Morgane Baron
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Françoise Bertin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, UF Génétique de l'obésité et des Dyslipidémies, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Pupier
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Cambos
- CHU Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hopital Haut Lévêque Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rare Diseases PRADORT, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: systemic approaches Research Unit (NutriOmics), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec-Le Bihan
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, UF Génétique de l'obésité et des Dyslipidémies, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, 75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S1149, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Hammad MM, Abu-Farha M, Hebbar P, Anoop E, Chandy B, Melhem M, Channanath A, Al-Mulla F, Thanaraj TA, Abubaker J. The miR-668 binding site variant rs1046322 on WFS1 is associated with obesity in Southeast Asians. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185956. [PMID: 37859980 PMCID: PMC10583568 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wolfram syndrome 1 gene (WFS1) is the main causative locus for Wolfram syndrome, an inherited condition characterized by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. Global genome-wide association studies have listed at least 19 WFS1 variants that are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic traits. It has been suggested that miRNA binding sites on WFS1 play a critical role in the regulation of the wolframin protein, and loss of WFS1 function may lead to the pathogenesis of diabetes. In the Hungarian population, it was observed that a 3' UTR variant from WFS1, namely rs1046322, influenced the affinity of miR-668 to WFS1 mRNA, and showed a strong association with T2D. In this study, we genotyped a large cohort of 2067 individuals of different ethnicities residing in Kuwait for the WFS1 rs1046322 polymorphism. The cohort included 362 Southeast Asians (SEA), 1045 Arabs, and 660 South Asians (SA). Upon performing genetic association tests, we observed significant associations between the rs1046322 SNP and obesity traits in the SEA population, but not in the Arab or SA populations. The associated traits in SEA cohort were body mass index, BMI (β=1.562, P-value=0.0035, Pemp=0.0072), waist circumference, WC (β=3.163, P-value=0.0197, Pemp=0.0388) and triglyceride, TGL (β=0.224, P-value=0.0340). The association with BMI remained statistically significant even after multiple testing correction. Among the SEA individuals, carriers of the effect allele at the SNP had significantly higher BMI [mean of 27.63 (3.6) Kg/m2], WC [mean of 89.9 (8.1) cm], and TGL levels [mean of 1.672 (0.8) mmol/l] than non-carriers of the effect allele. Our findings suggest a role for WFS1 in obesity, which is a risk factor for diabetes. The study also emphasizes the significant role the ethnic background may play in determining the effect of genetic variants on susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Emil Anoop
- Special Service Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Betty Chandy
- Special Service Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Special Service Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
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16
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Tamaroff J, Williamson D, Slaughter JC, Xu M, Srivastava G, Shoemaker AH. Prevalence of genetic causes of obesity in clinical practice. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:508-515. [PMID: 37810530 PMCID: PMC10551116 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While obesity is common in the United States, monogenic obesity is rare, accounting for approximately 5% of individuals with obesity. New targeted therapies for genetic forms of obesity are available but there is limited guidance on who requires testing. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of potentially clinically significant variants among individuals in Pediatric Endocrinology or Medical Weight Center clinics at a single center and to identify clinical characteristics that may make genetic obesity more likely. Methods Children and adults who had a genetic test for obesity, Uncovering Rare Obesity Gene panel, ordered during routine clinic visits from December 2019 to March 2021 were identified. Results Of the 139 patients with testing ordered, 117 had available results and clinical data. Over 40% (52/117, 44%) had at least one positive result (variant) with a variant that is considered pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or a variant of uncertain significance. No association was detected between age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-score with a variant. Twenty-six individuals (22%) had one or more variants in genes associated with Bardet Biedl Syndrome, and 8 (6.8%) of them had pathogenic variants, higher than expected. Conclusion Overall, clinical suspicion for genetic obesity is important in determining who requires genetic testing but no clinical factors were found to predict results. While obesity is multifactorial, novel medications for genetic forms of obesity indicate the need for evidence-based guidelines for who requires genetic testing for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Tamaroff
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Dylan Williamson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and MetabolismVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ashley H. Shoemaker
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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17
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Mei H, Li J, Liu S, Jeyaraj A, Zhuang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Yuan Q, Li X. The Role of Green Tea on the Regulation of Gut Microbes and Prevention of High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:2953. [PMID: 37569222 PMCID: PMC10418490 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea is a popular non-alcoholic beverage consumed worldwide and has been shown to be beneficial for human health. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand its function in reducing obesity and regulating gut microbes. Here, we investigated the modulatory effects of green tea and its functional components on high-fat diet (HF)-induced metabolic alterations and gut microbiota in obese mice. Our results showed that 1%, 2%, and 4% of green tea promotes weight loss, with the 2% and 4% groups exhibiting distinct gut microflora clusters compared to the HF group. These results were comparable to those observed in the tea polyphenols (TPP)-treated group, suggesting the TPP in green tea plays a crucial role in body weight control and gut microbiota regulation. Additionally, 32 bacteria were identified as potential obesity markers via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 16SrDNA gene is a chromosomal gene present in all bacterial species, highly conserved in structure and function, that can reflect the differences between different taxa. The 16S rRNA-based analysis revealed that Akkermansia, a gut-beneficial bacteria, significantly increased in the TPP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Mei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Jin Li
- College of Tourism and Economic Management, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China;
| | - Shujing Liu
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.L.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Anburaj Jeyaraj
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.L.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Jing Zhuang
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.L.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuhua Wang
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.L.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuan Chen
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.L.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Qijun Yuan
- Northern Tea Germplasm Resource Center, Rizhao 276808, China;
| | - Xinghui Li
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for the Belt and Road, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.L.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
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18
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Su Z, Tian C, Wang G, Guo J, Yang X. Study of the Effect of Intestinal Microbes on Obesity: A Bibliometric Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37513673 PMCID: PMC10383578 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem. According to statistics, there are millions of obese people worldwide. Research studies have discovered a complex and intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity. Probing and summarizing the relationship between intestinal microbes and obesity has important guiding significance for the accurate control of the research direction and expanding the choice of obesity treatment methods. We used bibliometric analysis to analyze the published literature with the intention to reveal the research hotspots and development trends on the effects of intestinal microbes on obesity from a visualization perspective, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that current research is focusing on related mechanisms of the effects of intestinal microbes on obesity and therapeutic methods for obesity. Several noteworthy hotspots within this field have garnered considerable attention and are expected to remain the focal points of future research. Of particular interest are the mechanisms by which intestinal microbes potentially regulate obesity through metabolite interactions, as well as the role of microbiomes as metabolic markers of obesity. These findings strongly suggest that gut microbes continue to be a key target in the quest for effective obesity treatments. Co-operation and communication between countries and institutions should be strengthened to promote development in this field to benefit more patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Su
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang X, Moran C, Wang R, Zhou Y, Brooks N. Salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number variation has only a minor correlation with body composition in Chinese adults. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:935-943. [PMID: 37043131 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the WHO, about 39% of the global adult population were overweight or obese in 2016. Obesity has high heritability, with more than 1000 variants so far identified. There have been reports indicating that salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number was one of these variants, yet its association with obesity remains controversial. OBJECTIVE Our research aimed to provide more evidence on the relationship of AMY1 copy number variation (CNV) with body mass index (BMI) and body composition. METHODS We recruited 133 Chinese adults (65 males, 68 females, 18-25 years old) with normal fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels. 19 males were selected for a 10-week intervention to change body composition. After anthropometric measurements, BMI was calculated, and body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). For the 19 selected participants, we collected their height, weight, and body composition data one more time after intervention. All participants were required to leave their saliva samples and their AMY1 copy number was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS We failed to find any significant difference in BMI and body composition between different copy number groups. Only a weak correlation was found between body muscle mass and body fat mass. After adjusted for height and weight, AMY1 CNV explained 4.83% of the variance and one single increase in AMY1 CNV can increase 0.214 kg of the body muscle mass, while one single increase in AMY1 CNV can decrease 0.217 kg of the body fat mass and explained 4.69% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS As a genetic factor, the AMY1 gene copy number variation has only a minor correlation with BMI and body composition, and its effect can easily be hidden by other factors such as individual diet and exercise habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Colin Moran
- School of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Ruiyuan Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing City, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing City, China
| | - Naomi Brooks
- School of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
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20
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Liu B, Yu L, Zhai Q, Li M, Li L, Tian F, Chen W. Effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta on high-fat diet-induced obese mice: changes in gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37191147 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Morchella esculenta polysaccharides exhibit numerous probiotic activities, but their regulatory effects on the gut microbiota are unclear. This study was conducted to explore whether M. esculenta polysaccharides can regulate dysbacteriosis caused by a high-fat diet and relieve obesity. We extracted a water-soluble polysaccharide from M. esculenta (MPF, purity: 96.19%, consisting of 55.97% glucose, 9.63% xylose, and 22% mannose) that reduces mouse fat accumulation, alleviates obesity, and relieves liver injury, after 90 days of high-fat diet intake. This polysaccharide reversed dysbiosis and regulated the abundance of gut microbiota caused by a high-fat diet (restoring the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and changing the abundances of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, and Faecalibaculum), increasing short-chain fatty acids and decreasing gene expression in the liver (glucose 6-phosphatase, glucose transporter 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) receptor-1α, PPARα, PPARγ, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α). We identified a regulatory relationship between polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and the liver as a potential mechanism by which polysaccharides can alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Miaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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21
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Folon L, Baron M, Toussaint B, Vaillant E, Boissel M, Scherrer V, Loiselle H, Leloire A, Badreddine A, Balkau B, Charpentier G, Franc S, Marre M, Aboulouard S, Salzet M, Canouil M, Derhourhi M, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. Contribution of heterozygous PCSK1 variants to obesity and implications for precision medicine: a case-control study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:182-190. [PMID: 36822744 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare biallelic pathogenic mutations in PCSK1 (encoding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 [PC1/3]) cause early-onset obesity associated with various endocrinopathies. Setmelanotide has been approved for carriers of these biallelic mutations in the past 3 years. We aimed to perform a large-scale functional genomic study focusing on rare heterozygous variants of PCSK1 to decipher their putative impact on obesity risk. METHODS This case-control study included all participants with overweight and obesity (ie, cases) or healthy weight (ie, controls) from the RaDiO study of three community-based and one hospital-based cohort in France recruited between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2000. In adults older than 18 years, healthy weight was defined as BMI of less than 25·0 kg/m2, overweight as 25·0-29·9 kg/m2, and obesity as 30·0 kg/m2 or higher. Participants with type 2 diabetes had fasting glucose of 7·0 mmol/L or higher or used treatment for hyperglycaemia (or both) and were negative for islet or insulin autoantibodies. Functional assessment of rare missense variants of PCSK1 was performed. Pathogenicity clusters of variants were determined with machine learning. The effect of each cluster of PCSK1 variants on obesity was assessed using the adjusted mixed-effects score test. FINDINGS All 13 coding exons of PCSK1 were sequenced in 9320 participants (including 7260 adults and 2060 children and adolescents) recruited from the RaDiO study. We detected 65 rare heterozygous PCSK1 variants, including four null variants and 61 missense variants that were analysed in vitro and clustered into five groups (A-E), according to enzymatic activity. Compared with the wild-type, 15 missense variants led to complete PC1/3 loss of function (group A; reference) and rare exome variant ensemble learner (REVEL) led to 15 (25%) false positives and four (7%) false negatives. Carrying complete loss-of-function or null PCSK1 variants was significantly associated with obesity (six [86%] of seven carriers vs 1518 [35%] of 4395 non-carriers; OR 9·3 [95% CI 1·5-177·4]; p=0·014) and higher BMI (32·0 kg/m2 [SD 9·3] in carriers vs 27·3 kg/m2 [6·5] in non-carriers; mean effect π 6·94 [SE 1·95]; p=0·00029). Clusters of PCSK1 variants with partial or neutral effect on PC1/3 activity did not have an effect on obesity or overweight and on BMI. INTERPRETATION Only carriers of heterozygous, null, or complete loss-of-function PCSK1 variants cause monogenic obesity and, therefore, might be eligible for setmelanotide. In silico tests were unable to accurately detect these variants, which suggests that in vitro assays are necessary to determine the variant pathogenicity for genetic diagnosis and precision medicine purposes. FUNDING Agence Nationale de la Recherche, European Research Council, National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine, European Regional Development Fund, Hauts-de-France Regional Council, and the European Metropolis of Lille.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Folon
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Morgane Baron
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Victoria Scherrer
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Loiselle
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Leloire
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alaa Badreddine
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018 Clinical Epidemiology, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète, Evry, France
| | - Sylvia Franc
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète, Evry, France; Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Clinique Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- Université de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse, Lille, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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22
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Rigamonti AE, Bollati V, Favero C, Albetti B, Caroli D, De Col A, Cella SG, Sartorio A. Changes in DNA Methylation of Clock Genes in Obese Adolescents after a Short-Term Body Weight Reduction Program: A Possible Metabolic and Endocrine Chrono-Resynchronization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315492. [PMID: 36497566 PMCID: PMC9738941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by a series of genes, collectively named clock genes, which act as a self-sustained internal 24 h timing system in the body. Many physiological processes, including metabolism and the endocrine system, are regulated by clock genes in coordination with environmental cues. Loss of the circadian rhythms has been reported to contribute to widespread obesity, particularly in the pediatric population, which is increasingly exposed to chronodisruptors in industrialized society. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DNA methylation status of seven clock genes, namely clock, arntl, per1-3 and cry1-2, in a cohort of chronobiologically characterized obese adolescents (n: 45: F/M: 28/17; age ± SD: 15.8 ± 1.4 yrs; BMI SDS: 2.94 [2.76; 3.12]) hospitalized for a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program (BWRP), as well as a series of cardiometabolic outcomes and markers of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function. At the end of the intervention, an improvement in body composition was observed (decreases in BMI SDS and fat mass), as well as glucometabolic homeostasis (decreases in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and Hb1Ac), lipid profiling (decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides and NEFA) and cardiovascular function (decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate). Moreover, the BWRP reduced systemic inflammatory status (i.e., decrease in C-reactive protein) and HPA activity (i.e., decreases in plasma ACTH/cortisol and 24 h urinary-free cortisol excretion). Post-BWRP changes in the methylation levels of clock, cry2 and per2 genes occurred in the entire population, together with hypermethylation of clock and per3 genes in males and in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In contrast to the pre-BWRP data, at the end of the intervention, cardiometabolic parameters, such as fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides and HDL-C, were associated with the methylation status of some clock genes. Finally, BWRP induced changes in clock genes that were associated with markers of HPA function. In conclusion, when administered to a chronodisrupted pediatric obese population, a short-term BWRP is capable of producing beneficial cardiometabolic effects, as well as an epigenetic remodeling of specific clock genes, suggesting the occurrence of a post-BWRP metabolic and endocrine chronoresynchronization, which might represent a "biomolecular" predictor of successful antiobesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albetti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G. Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
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Mierzwa M, Bik-Multanowski M, Ranke MB, Brandt S, Flehmig B, Małecka-Tendera E, Mazur A, Petriczko E, Wabitsch M, Wójcik M, Zachurzok A. Clinical, genetic, and epidemiological survey of Polish children and adolescents with severe obesity: A study protocol of the Polish-German study project on severe early-onset obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972174. [PMID: 36479220 PMCID: PMC9719973 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) in children is a common feature of monogenic obesity. Nowadays, mutations in at least 50 genes are known to be related to monogenic obesity, and many others are tested. Part of them is involved in the leptin-proopiomelanocortin pathway. The aim of the project is to establish the Polish database of severely obese children and adolescents and to evaluate the prevalence of monogenic forms of obesity in this cohort, with a special focus on leptin-proopiomelanocortin pathway abnormalities. The secondary project aim is to identify new population-specific mutations in obesity-related genes in severely obese Polish children and adolescents. This is a prospective multi-center clinical study performed in four Polish centers. The estimated sample size is 500 patients aged 1-18 years, with severe obesity, hyperphagia, and food-seeking behaviors. In each patient, the medical history regarding the obesity duration in the patient and obesity and its complication existence in the family will be taken. Next, the questionnaire regarding the symptom characteristic of specific mutations, which we are going to test, will be performed. Hyperphagia will be assessed on the basis of age-specific questionnaires. The physical examination with anthropometric measurement, basic biochemical and hormonal tests, and leptin and biologically active leptin measurements will be performed. Finally, genetic analysis will be performed using next-generation sequencing with sequencing libraries prepared to include obesity-related genes. The genotyping findings will be confirmed with the use of classic sequencing (Sanger's method). In the future, the pathogenicity of new mutations in obesity-related genes identified in our cohort is planned to be confirmed by functional testing in vitro. Nowadays, there are no data regarding the prevalence of severe obesity or monogenic obesity in Polish children. This project has the potential to improve understanding of obesity etiology and may contribute to implementing attribute mutation-specific treatment. Moreover, it may lead to a finding of new, population-specific mutations related to SEOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mierzwa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Ward, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mirosław Bik-Multanowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Stephanie Brandt
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Małecka-Tendera
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Petriczko
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zachurzok
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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Patel P, Selvaraju V, Babu JR, Wang X, Geetha T. Racial Disparities in Methylation of NRF1, FTO, and LEPR Gene in Childhood Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2030. [PMID: 36360268 PMCID: PMC9690504 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has affected the health of millions of children around the world despite vigorous efforts by health experts. The obesity epidemic in the United States has disproportionately afflicted certain racial and ethnic minority groups. African American children are more likely than other children to have obesity-related risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For the reduction in obesity-related health inequalities to be successful, it is essential to identify the variables affecting various groups. A notable advancement in epigenetic biology has been made over the past decade. Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation impact on many genes associated with obesity. Here, we evaluated the DNA methylation levels of the genes NRF1, FTO, and LEPR from the saliva of children using real-time quantitative PCR-based multiplex MethyLight technology. ALU was used as a reference gene, and the Percent of Methylated Reference (PMR) was calculated for each sample. European American children showed a significant increase in PMR of NRF1 and FTO in overweight/obese participants compared to normal weight, but not in African American children. After adjusting for maternal education and annual family income by regression analysis, the PMR of NRF1 and FTO was significantly associated with BMI z-score only in European American children. While for the gene LEPR, African American children had higher methylation in normal weight participants as compared to overweight/obese and no methylation difference in European American children. The PMR of LEPR was significantly negative associated with the obesity measures only in African American children. These findings contribute to a race-specific link between NRF1, FTO, and LEPR gene methylation and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshni Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Pimpini L, Kochs S, Franssen S, van den Hurk J, Valente G, Roebroeck A, Jansen A, Roefs A. More complex than you might think: Neural representations of food reward value in obesity. Appetite 2022; 178:106164. [PMID: 35863505 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity reached pandemic proportions and weight-loss treatments are mostly ineffective. The level of brain activity in the reward circuitry is proposed to be proportionate to the reward value of food stimuli, and stronger in people with obesity. However, empirical evidence is inconsistent. This may be due to the double-sided nature of high caloric palatable foods: at once highly palatable and high in calories (unhealthy). This study hypothesizes that, viewing high caloric palatable foods, a hedonic attentional focus compared to a health and a neutral attentional focus elicits more activity in reward-related brain regions, mostly in people with obesity. Moreover, caloric content and food palatability can be decoded from multivoxel patterns of activity most accurately in people with obesity and in the corresponding attentional focus. During one fMRI-session, attentional focus (hedonic, health, neutral) was manipulated using a one-back task with individually tailored food stimuli in 32 healthy-weight people and 29 people with obesity. Univariate analyses (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected) showed that brain activity was not different for palatable vs. unpalatable foods, nor for high vs. low caloric foods. Instead, this was higher in the hedonic compared to the health and neutral attentional focus. Multivariate analyses (MVPA) (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) showed that palatability and caloric content could be decoded above chance level, independently of either BMI or attentional focus. Thus, brain activity to visual food stimuli is neither proportionate to the reward value (palatability and/or caloric content), nor significantly moderated by BMI. Instead, it depends on people's attentional focus, and may reflect motivational salience. Furthermore, food palatability and caloric content are represented as patterns of brain activity, independently of BMI and attentional focus. So, food reward value is reflected in patterns, not levels, of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pimpini
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Sarah Kochs
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sieske Franssen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Job van den Hurk
- Scannexus, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Valente
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Anita Jansen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Roefs
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Giannopoulou EZ, Zorn S, Schirmer M, Herrmann G, Heger S, Reinehr T, Denzer C, Rabenstein H, Hillmer M, Sowada N, Siebert R, von Schnurbein J, Wabitsch M. Genetic Obesity in Children: Overview of Possible Diagnoses with a Focus on SH2B1 Deletion. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:137-148. [PMID: 34689140 DOI: 10.1159/000520402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic obesity is rare and quite challenging for pediatricians in terms of early identification. Src-homology-2 (SH2) B adapter protein 1 (SH2B1) is an important component in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and is found to play an important role in leptin and insulin signaling and therefore in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Microdeletions in chromosome 16p11.2, encompassing the SH2B1 gene, are known to be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hyperphagia, and developmental delay. The aim of our study is to report on a case series of young individuals with 16p11.2 microdeletions, including the SH2B1 gene, and provide detailed information on body mass index (BMI) development and obesity-associated comorbidities. In this way, we want to raise awareness of this syndromic form of obesity as a differential diagnosis of genetic obesity. METHODS We describe the phenotype of 7 children (3 male; age range: 2.8-18.0 years) with 16p11.2 microdeletions, encompassing the SH2B1 gene, and present their BMI trajectories from birth onward. Screening for obesity-associated comorbidities was performed at the time of genetic diagnosis. RESULTS All children presented with severe, early-onset obesity already at the age of 5 years combined with variable developmental delay. Five patients presented with elevated fasting insulin levels, 1 patient developed diabetes mellitus type 2, 4 patients had dyslipidemia, and 4 developed nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Chromosomal microdeletions in 16p11.2, including the SH2B1 gene, in children are associated with severe, early-onset obesity and comorbidities associated with insulin resistance. Early genetic testing in suspicious patients and early screening for comorbidities are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Z Giannopoulou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zorn
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gloria Herrmann
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Heger
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Christian Denzer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Rabenstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Morten Hillmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadine Sowada
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Understanding the perceptions of parents and preschool principals on the determinants of weight management among Iranian preschoolers: A directed qualitative content analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270244. [PMID: 35737692 PMCID: PMC9223302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of Iranian parents and principals of preschool children on weight management based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM), a comprehensive structure for assessing health needs for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion, and other public health programs. PRECEDE provides a structure for planning a targeted and focused public health program, and PROCEED provides a structure for implementing and evaluating the program. Data were gathered from 17 preschoolers’ parents and two principals using semi-structured interviews in the preschool setting in Tehran, the capital of Iran, in 2019. Data were analyzed manually through directed content analysis based on constructs in phases two and three of the PPM, simultaneously with data collection. This study identified genetic, behavioral (e.g., food preferences, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, the effect of parents’, peers’, principals’ and teachers’ behavior and also influence of grandparents’ and neighbors’ behaviors) and environmental (e.g., home, grandparents’ home and preschool) factors from the epidemiological construct. Also, predisposing (e.g., child’s attitude, parent’s and principals’ attitude, as well as parents’ knowledge and parents’ and principals’ beliefs), enabling (e.g., parental skills and skills of the principals and teachers, rules and laws in the preschools, and availability), and reinforcing (e.g., family support and influences, teachers’ encouragement and influences, and peers’ influences) factors were identified from the educational and ecological construct. Additionally, “quality of child-parent relationship” was determined as a new factor affecting preschoolers’ weight management promotion; however, it was not in the PPM. In the study, parents’ and principals’ experiences regarding preschoolers’ weight management promotion confirmed the genetic, behavioral, environmental, predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors of the PPM. “Quality of child-parent relationship” factor may be related to the culture and family relationship type of Iranian people, which is suggested to be investigated in future studies.
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Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic basis of growth trait in yellow catfish with sexual size dimorphism. Genomics 2022; 114:110380. [PMID: 35533968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism has been widely observed in a large number of animals including fish species. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful tool to dissect the genetic basis of complex traits, whereas the sex-differences in the genomics of animal complex traits have been ignored in the GWAS analysis. Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an important aquaculture fish in China with significant sexual size dimorphism. In this study, GWAS was conducted to identify candidate SNPs and genes related to body length (BL) and body weight (BW) in 125 female yellow catfish from a breeding population. In total, one BL-related SNP and three BW-related SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with the traits. Besides, one of these SNPs (Chr15:19195072) was shared in both the BW and BL traits in female yellow catfish, which was further validated in 185 male individuals and located on the exon of stat5b gene. Transgenic yellow catfish and zebrafish that expressed yellow catfish stat5b showed increased growth rate and reduction of sexual size dimorphism. These results not only reveal the genetic basis of growth trait and sexual size dimorphism in fish species, but also provide useful information for the marker-assisted breeding in yellow catfish.
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Guo Q, Liang S, Ge C, Xiao Z. Research progress on extraction technology and biological activity of polysaccharides from Edible Fungi: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2039182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangmin Liang
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Molecular profiling of melanocortin 4 receptor variants and agouti-related peptide interactions in morbid obese phenotype: a novel paradigm from molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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31
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Li G, Zhang H, Cao K, Zhai Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Han J. Transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue identifies an inflammation-related ceRNA network that regulates obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1095-1106. [PMID: 35064875 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an epidemic of widespread concern, but the underlying causes remain elusive. In this study, whole transcriptome RNA sequencing revealed differential profiles of noncoding (nc) RNAs and mRNAs in visceral adipose tissue from obese (BMI > 32.5 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 20 kg/m2) individuals, with 1920 differentially expressed genes, 1466 long noncoding (lnc) RNAs, 122 micro (mi) RNAs, and 52 circular (circ) RNAs identified. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that these ncRNAs were involved in inflammation-related pathways that included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the tumor necrosis factor and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. The results indicated a critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. The network interaction of lncRNA, circRNA, and miRNA revealed a competing endogenous (ce) RNA network that was associated with inflammation. The ceRNA network included circORC5/miR-197-5p/TNFRSF10D and circNTRK2/miR-760/LAT, which were dysregulated in obese patients. In conclusion, this whole transcriptome study provided a pool of data that will be useful for identifying biomarkers of obesity and identified an obesity-associated ceRNA network that is regulated by circORC5 and circNTRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbin Li
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhai
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiagang Han
- The General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Li J, Ni J, Zhang C, Jia J, Wu G, Sun H, Wang S. Berberine Relieves Metabolic Syndrome in Mice by Inhibiting Liver Inflammation Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Potential Association With Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:752512. [PMID: 35095784 PMCID: PMC8790126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether berberine mediates its anti-inflammatory and blood sugar and lipid-lowering effects solely by adjusting the structure of the gut microbiota or by first directly regulating the expression of host pro-inflammatory proteins and activation of macrophages and subsequently acting on gut microbiota, is currently unclear. To clarify the mechanism of berberine-mediated regulation of metabolism, we constructed an obese mouse model using SPF-grade C57BL/6J male mice and conducted a systematic study of liver tissue pathology, inflammatory factor expression, and gut microbiota structure. We screened the gut microbiota targets of berberine and showed that the molecular mechanism of berberine-mediated treatment of metabolic syndrome involves the regulation of gut microbiota structure and the expression of inflammatory factors. Our results revealed that a high-fat diet (HFD) significantly changed mice gut microbiota, thereby probably increasing the level of toxins in the intestine, and triggered the host inflammatory response. The HFD also reduced the proportion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genes, thereby hindering mucosal immunity and cell nutrition, and increased the host inflammatory response and liver fat metabolism disorders. Further, berberine could improve the chronic HFD-induced inflammatory metabolic syndrome to some extent and effectively improved the metabolism of high-fat foods in mice, which correlated with the gut microbiota composition. Taken together, our study may improve our understanding of host-microbe interactions during the treatment of metabolic diseases and provide useful insights into the action mechanism of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Research and Development Center, Guangdong Meilikang Bio-Science Ltd., Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Caibo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianlei Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoying Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongzhao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
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Franzago M, Di Nicola M, Fraticelli F, Marchioni M, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetic variants and response to diet/lifestyle intervention in obese subjects: a pilot study. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:69-81. [PMID: 34480216 PMCID: PMC8758637 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nutritional and lifestyle interventions can contribute to prevent and treat obesity and its complications; however, genetic background may influence the success of a therapy. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects of the interaction between nutrigenetic variants and nutritional intervention, as well as the changes in clinical parameters and the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and to physical activity, of 18 overweight or obese subjects affected by T2D or dysglycemia included in a nutritional program. METHODS The subjects' clinical parameters as well as their PREDIMED score and physical activity levels were recorded and compared at baseline, at 6 months and at the end of the intervention. Rs9939609 in FTO, rs17782313 near MC4R, rs326 in LPL, rs16147 in NPY, rs2943641 near IRS-1 were genotyped. RESULTS The subjects carrying the A allele in FTO lost less weight (p = 0.022) and had a lower BMI decrease from baseline to 12 months (p-interaction = 0.047) than TT carriers. In addition, there was a significant PREDIMED score modification over time, according to genotypes for FTO rs9939609 (p = 0.025) and NPY rs16147 (p = 0.039), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings show a significant interaction between genetic variants and the PREDIMED score, suggesting that individuals carrying the FTO variant may lose less weight than non-carriers through diet/lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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He Y, Wang B, Wen L, Wang F, Yu H, Chen D, Su X, Zhang C. Effects of dietary fiber on human health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Du Y, Yang W, Yang C, Yang X. A comprehensive review on microbiome, aromas and flavors, chemical composition, nutrition and future prospects of Fuzhuan brick tea. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dhurandhar NV, Petersen KS, Webster C. Key Causes and Contributors of Obesity: A Perspective. Nurs Clin North Am 2021; 56:449-464. [PMID: 34749887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with several potential causes and contributors. This article provides a focused overview of key known causes of obesity and factors that contribute to obesity. Obesity ultimately results from impaired energy storage mechanisms, such as dysregulation of hunger, satiety, digestion, fat storage, and metabolic rate. In addition, myriad contributors promote its expression, including dietary factors, sleep quality and duration, psychological health and well-being, and tobacco cessation, among others. This article concludes with a discussion of the clinical relevance of causes and contributors in obesity prevention and treatment, which is paramount to providing effective, individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Avenue, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Avenue, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Chelsi Webster
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Avenue, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Dos Santos LR, Melo SRDS, Severo JS, Morais JBS, da Silva LD, de Paiva Sousa M, de Sousa TGV, Henriques GS, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Cardiovascular Diseases in Obesity: What is the Role of Magnesium? Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4020-4027. [PMID: 33389619 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An excess of adipose tissue, a characteristic of obesity, has been associated with endocrine-metabolic alterations that contribute to dyslipidemias, which are characterized by an increase in the plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and LDL-c along with a reduction in HDL-c. Some nutrients such as the mineral magnesium play important roles in lipid metabolism. Magnesium regulates the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. The objective of this review is to present important aspects about the contribution of obesity to the manifestation of cardiovascular risk, to bring the main physiological functions of magnesium, as well as the role of the nutrient in the protection against cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that individuals with obesity have low intracellular concentrations of magnesium, which can compromise the nutrient's physiological functions. Thus, this mineral appears to play an important role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases; however, changes in the nutrient metabolism in obesity may compromise the functions of this element. Further studies are needed to clarify this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lyandra Dias da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, Teresina, PI, CEP 64048-320, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, Teresina, PI, CEP 64048-320, Brazil.
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A Clinical-Genetic Score for Predicting Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery: The OBEGEN Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101040. [PMID: 34683180 PMCID: PMC8537695 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 30% of the patients that undergo bariatric surgery (BS) do not reach an appropriate weight loss. The OBEGEN study aimed to assess the added value of genetic testing to clinical variables in predicting weight loss after BS. A multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal, and observational study including 416 patients who underwent BS was conducted (Clinical.Trials.gov- NCT02405949). 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 39 genes were examined. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Satisfactory response to BS was defined as at nadir excess weight loss >50%. A good predictive model of response [area under ROC of 0.845 (95% CI 0.805–0.880), p < 0.001; sensitivity 90.1%, specificity 65.5%] was obtained by combining three clinical variables (age, type of surgery, presence diabetes) and nine SNPs located in ADIPOQ, MC4R, IL6, PPARG, INSIG2, CNR1, ELOVL6, PLIN1 and BDNF genes. This predictive model showed a significant higher area under ROC than the clinical score (p = 0.0186). The OBEGEN study shows the key role of combining clinical variables with genetic testing to increase the predictability of the weight loss response after BS. This finding will permit us to implement a personalized medicine which will be associated with a more cost-effective clinical practice.
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Berger C, Heyne HO, Heiland T, Dommel S, Höfling C, Guiu-Jurado E, Roßner S, Dannemann M, Kelso J, Kovacs P, Blüher M, Klöting N. A novel compound heterozygous leptin receptor mutation causes more severe obesity than in Lepr db/db mice. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100105. [PMID: 34390703 PMCID: PMC8450258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leptin receptor (Lepr) pathway is important for food intake regulation, energy expenditure, and body weight. Mutations in leptin and the Lepr have been shown to cause early-onset severe obesity in mice and humans. In studies with C57BL/6NCrl mice, we found a mouse with extreme obesity. To identify a putative spontaneous new form of monogenic obesity, we performed backcross studies with this mouse followed by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and sequencing of the selected chromosomal QTL region. We thereby identified a novel Lepr mutation (C57BL/6N-LeprL536Hfs*6-1NKB), which is located at chromosome 4, exon 11 within the CRH2-leptin-binding site. Compared with C57BL/6N mice, LeprL536Hfs*6 develop early onset obesity and their body weight exceeds that of Leprdb/db mice at an age of 30 weeks. Similar to Leprdb/db mice, the LeprL536Hfs*6 model is characterized by hyperphagia, obesity, lower energy expenditure and activity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia compared with C57BL/6N mice. Crossing Leprdb/wt with LeprL536Hfs*6/wt mice results in compound heterozygous LeprL536Hfs*6/db mice, which develop even higher body weight and fat mass than both homozygous Leprdb/db and LeprL536Hfs*6 mice. Compound heterozygous Lepr deficiency affecting functionally different regions of the Lepr causes more severe obesity than the parental homozygous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Berger
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Medical Department, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland: FIMM, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tina Heiland
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janet Kelso
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, CRC1052, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Beach SRH, Ong ML, Lei MK, Klopack E, Carter SE, Simons RL, Gibbons FX, Lavner JA, Philibert RA, Ye K. Childhood adversity is linked to adult health among African Americans via adolescent weight gain and effects are genetically moderated. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:803-820. [PMID: 32372728 PMCID: PMC7644595 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms linking early experiences, genetic risk factors, and their interaction with later health consequences is central to the development of preventive interventions and identifying potential boundary conditions for their efficacy. In the current investigation of 412 African American adolescents followed across a 20-year period, we examined change in body mass index (BMI) across adolescence as one possible mechanism linking childhood adversity and adult health. We found associations of childhood adversity with objective indicators of young adult health, including a cardiometabolic risk index, a methylomic aging index, and a count of chronic health conditions. Childhood adversities were associated with objective indicators indirectly through their association with gains in BMI across adolescence and early adulthood. We also found evidence of an association of genetic risk with weight gain across adolescence and young adult health, as well as genetic moderation of childhood adversity's effect on gains in BMI, resulting in moderated mediation. These patterns indicated that genetic risk moderated the indirect pathways from childhood adversity to young adult health outcomes and childhood adversity moderated the indirect pathways from genetic risk to young adult health outcomes through effects on weight gain during adolescence and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. H. Beach
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Mei Ling Ong
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Justin A. Lavner
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Robert A. Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa
- Behavioral Diagnostics, Coralville, Iowa
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia
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Naja F, Itani L, Hammoudeh S, Manzoor S, Abbas N, Radwan H, Saber-Ayad M. Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With the FTO and FGF21 Gene Variants Among Emirati Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:668901. [PMID: 34095191 PMCID: PMC8171665 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.668901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the dietary patterns and their associations with the FTO and FGF21 gene variants among Emirati adults. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, healthy adult male and female Emiratis (n = 194) were recruited from primary health care centers in Sharjah, UAE. Participants completed a 61-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, a saliva sample was obtained for the genetic analysis. Genotyping was performed for FTOrs9939609(A>T), FTOrs9930506(A>G), FGF21 rs838133 (A > G), and FGF21 rs838145 (A > G). Dietary patterns were derived using the principal component analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of dietary patterns with genetic variants. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: "Western": consisting of fast food, sweets, and processed meat; "Traditional Emirati" rich in vegetables, traditional Emirati-mixed-dishes and whole dairy; while whole grains, low-fat dairy, and bulgur were components of the "Prudent" pattern. Subjects carrying the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 were 2.41 times more likely to adhere to the Western pattern compared to subjects with genotype TT (OR:2.41; 95%CI:1.05-5.50). Compared with subjects with A/A, those carrying the G allele of the FTO rs9930506 were more likely to follow a Western diet (OR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.00-4.97). Participants carrying the risk allele (A) of the FGF21 rs838133 were twice more likely to adhere to the Traditional pattern as compared to subjects with genotype GG (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.01-3.57). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested associations among specific FTO and FGF21 gene variants with dietary patterns among Emirati adults. These findings could be used to inform evidence-based targeted nutrition preventive recommendations, especially those aiming to limit intake of western type foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Hammoudeh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaista Manzoor
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Abbas
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Poitou C, Puder L, Dubern B, Krabusch P, Genser L, Wiegand S, Verkindt H, Köhn A, von Schwartzenberg RJ, Flück C, Pattou F, Laville M, Kühnen P, Clément K. Long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with bi-allelic mutations in the POMC, LEPR, and MC4R genes. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1449-1456. [PMID: 34083135 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene mutations in the leptin-melanocortin signaling cascade lead to hyperphagia and severe early onset obesity. In most cases, multimodal conservative treatment (increased physical activity, reduced caloric intake) is not successful to stabilize body weight and control hyperphagia. OBJECTIVES To examine bariatric surgery as a therapeutic option for patients with genetic obesity. SETTING Three major academic, specialized medical centers. METHODS In 3 clinical centers, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of bariatric surgery performed in 8 patients with monogenic forms of obesity with bi-allelic variants in the genes LEPR (n = 5), POMC (n = 2), and MC4R (n = 1). RESULTS In this group of patients with monogenic obesity, initial bariatric surgery was performed at a median age of 19 years (interquartile range [IQR], 16-23.8 yr). All patients initially experienced weight loss after each bariatric surgery, which was followed by substantial weight regain. In total, bariatric surgery led to a median maximum reduction of body weight of -21.5 kg (IQR, -36.3 to -2.9 kg), median percent excess weight loss (%EWL) of -47.5 %EWL (IQR, -57.6 to -28.9 %EWL). This body weight reduction was followed by median weight regain of 24.1 kg (IQR: 10.0 to 42.0 kg), leading to a final weight change of -24.2 % EWL (IQR: -37.6 to -5.4 %EWL) after a maximum duration of 19 years post surgery. In one patient, bariatric surgery was accompanied by significant complications, including vitamin deficiencies and hernia development. CONCLUSION The indication for bariatric surgery in patients with monogenic obesity based on bi-allelic gene mutations and its benefit/risk balance has to be evaluated very cautiously by specialized centers. Furthermore, to avoid an unsuccessful operation, preoperative genetic testing of patients with a history of early onset obesity might be essential, even more since novel pharmacological treatment options are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, CRNH Ile de France, F-CRIN/FORCE Network Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, F-CRIN/FORCE Network Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lia Puder
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany; Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Dubern
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, F-CRIN/FORCE Network Paris, Paris, France; Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Krabusch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany; Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Genser
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, F-CRIN/FORCE Network Paris, Paris, France; Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- CHU Lille, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Integrated Center for Obesity, Lille, France
| | - Arvid Köhn
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Lipid Metabolism), Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Lipid Metabolism), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Flück
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics and Department of BioMedical Research, Bern University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - François Pattou
- CHU Lille, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Integrated Center for Obesity, Lille, France; University of Lille, Lille Pasteur Institute, Inserm U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France; F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France; Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karine Clément
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, CRNH Ile de France, F-CRIN/FORCE Network Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, F-CRIN/FORCE Network Paris, Paris, France
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Gago-Dominguez M, Sobrino T, Torres-Español M, Calaza M, Rodríguez-Castro E, Campos F, Redondo CM, Castillo J, Carracedo Á. Obesity-related genetic determinants of stroke. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab069. [PMID: 34550115 PMCID: PMC8126360 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity, circulating lipids and other vascular/metabolic factors influence the risk of stroke, we examined if genetic variants associated with these conditions are related to risk of stroke using a case-control study in Galicia, Spain. A selection of 200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously found to be related to obesity, body mass index, circulating lipids, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, obesity-related cancer and cerebral infarction were genotyped in 465 patients diagnosed with stroke and 480 population-based controls. An unsupervised Lasso regression procedure was carried out for single-nucleotide polymorphism selection based on their potential effect on stroke according to obesity. Selected genotypes were further analysed through multivariate logistic regression to study their association with risk of stroke. Using unsupervised selection procedures, nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be related to risk of stroke overall and after stratification by obesity. From these, rs10761731, rs2479409 and rs6511720 in obese subjects [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.61 (0.39-0.95) (P = 0.027); 0.54 (0.35-0.84) (P = 0.006) and 0.42 (0.22-0.80) (P = 0.0075), respectively], and rs865686 in non-obese subjects [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.67 (0.48-0.94) (P = 0.019)], were independently associated with risk of stroke after multivariate logistic regression procedures. The associations between the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with stroke risk in obese subjects were more pronounced among females; for rs10761731, odds ratios among obese males and females were 1.07 (0.58-1.97) (P = 0.84), and 0.31 (0.14-0.69) (P = 0.0018), respectively; for rs2479409, odd ratios were 0.66 (0.34-1.27) (P = 0.21), and 0.49 (0.24-0.99) (P = 0.04), for obese males and females, respectively; the stroke-rs6511720 association was also slightly more pronounced among obese females, odds ratios were 0.33 (0.13-0.87) (P = 0.022), and 0.28 (0.09-0.85) (P = 0.02) for obese males and females, respectively. The rs865686-stroke association was more pronounced among non-obese males [odds ratios = 0.61 (0.39-0.96) (P = 0.029) and 0.72 (0.42-1.22) (P = 0.21), for non-obese males and females, respectively]. A combined genetic score of variants rs10761731, rs2479409 and rs6511720 was highly predictive of stroke risk among obese subjects (P = 2.04 × 10-5), particularly among females (P = 4.28 × 10-6). In summary, single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1076173, rs2479409 and rs6511720 were found to independently increase the risk of stroke in obese subjects after adjustment for established risk factors. A combined score with the three genomic variants was an independent predictor of risk of stroke among obese subjects in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina
Xenómica (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro en Red de
Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology
Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS),
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico
Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - María Torres-Español
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina
Xenómica (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Conselleria de Educación, Xunta de
Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emilio Rodríguez-Castro
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico
Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico
Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen M Redondo
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de
Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico
Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina
Xenómica (FPGMX), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Health
Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro en Red de
Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Rehman N, Varghese J. Larval nutrition influences adult fat stores and starvation resistance in Drosophila. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247175. [PMID: 33606785 PMCID: PMC7895371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays a major role in connecting nutrient availability to energy homeostasis by regulating metabolic pathways. Defects in insulin signalling is the primary cause for diabetes, obesity and various metabolic disorders. Nutritional status during growth and developmental stages play a crucial role in determining adult size, fecundity and ageing. However, the association between developmental nutrition and adult metabolic disorders has not been fully explored. Here, we address the effects of nutrient status during the larval growth phase on adult metabolism in Drosophila. We report that restricted food supply in larvae led to higher fat reserves and starvation resistance in mature adult flies, which we attribute to low insulin signalling. A lesser amount of stored fat was mobilised during early adult stages and during acute starvation, which accounts for the metabolic effects. Furthermore, larval diet influenced the expression of fat mobilisation genes brummer and lipid storage droplet-2 in adult flies, which led to the metabolic phenotypes reported here. Thus, the restricted nutrient environment in developing larvae led to adaptive changes that entrain the adult flies for scarce food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyas Rehman
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jishy Varghese
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail:
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45
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da Silva RSB, Persuhn DC, Barbosa FKL, de Souza MF, Sena KDF, Costa MDS, Franca GAM, de Assis CS, Cardoso GA, Silva AS. Relationship of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism on the PPARy2 Gene With the Body Composition of Practitioners of Cyclic Exercises. Front Physiol 2021; 11:633721. [PMID: 33510651 PMCID: PMC7835835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.633721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the association between the genotypic of the receptor gene activated by peroxisome proliferators gamma 2 (PPARy2) and the body composition and the specific indicators of adiposity in practitioners physical exercises, considering nutritional intake, age, and training load as influencing factors. It was conducted a cross-sectional study with 335 adults (47.9 ± 12.7 years, 138 men, body mass index/BMI = 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2), practitioners of aerobic exercises in cyclical modalities (running, walking and/or cycling, who spent 328.3 ± 193.6 kcal/day on physical training). The genotyping of the Pro12Ala polymorphism was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique and the body composition measured by bioimpedance (InBody 720). Energy expenditure was based on the compendium of physical activities and caloric intake was measured by 24 h recall questionnaire. The higher prevalence was for the Pro/Pro genotype (76.1% vs. 23.9% of Pro/Ala). Pro/Pro genotypic group showed significant higher mean values for body mass (BM) (p < 0.03 for men and p < 0.02 for women) and BMI (p < 0.00 for men and p < 0.02 for women) and %FAT (p < 0.00), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.04), and visceral fat (VF) (p < 0.00) only in men compared to Pro/Ala. Higher frequency of Pro/Pro was observed in the category indicating BMI (p < 0.00 for men and p < 0.03 for women), WRH (p < 0.03 for men and p < 0.00 for women), and %FAT (p < 0.03) (in the latter case, only among men. It was also observed that the frequency of distribution of Pro/Ala in the eutrophic category of the BMI remained independent of all influencers, while WHR and %FAT were independent of the training load, but influenced by nutritional intake and age. In women, the frequency of Pro/Ala distribution at the lowest BMI and WHR values remained independent of all confounding variables. It is concluded that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARy2 gene consistently influences indicators of body composition and adiposity, regardless of the practitioners of physical training, but the relationship needs to be considered according to age and nutritional intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Suelen Brito da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Postgraduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (PPGCN/UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francisca Karinny Lemos Barbosa
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (PPGCN/UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marizângela Ferreira de Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Klécia de Farias Sena
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Postgraduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silveira Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (PPGCN/UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Severo de Assis
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (PPGCN/UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Glêbia Alexa Cardoso
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Postgraduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health-LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Postgraduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity in the Arab world: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1899-1913. [PMID: 34131278 PMCID: PMC8380539 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, one of the most common chronic health conditions worldwide, is a multifactorial disease caused by complex genetic and environmental interactions. Several association studies have revealed a considerable number of candidate loci for obesity; however, the genotype-phenotype correlations remain unclear. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has been conducted to investigate the genetic risk factors for obesity among Arabs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the genetic polymorphisms that are significantly associated with obesity in Arabs. METHODS We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception until May 2020 to obtain all reported genetic data related to obesity in Arab populations. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed individually by three investigators. RESULTS In total, 59 studies comprising a total of 15,488 cases and 9,760 controls were included in the systematic review. A total of 76 variants located within or near 49 genes were reported to be significantly associated with obesity. Among the 76 variants, two were described as unique to Arabs, as they have not been previously reported in other populations, and 19 were reported to be distinctively associated with obesity in Arabs but not in non-Arab populations. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a unique genetic and clinical susceptibility profile of obesity in Arab patients.
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Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:92-119. [PMID: 33309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk, with junk food consumption playing a central role in weight gain, because of its high palatability and high-energy nutrients. The Cafeteria (CAF) diet model for animal experiments consists of the same tasty but unhealthy food products that people eat (e.g. hot dogs and muffins), and considers variety, novelty and secondary food features, such as smell and texture. This model, therefore, mimics human eating patterns better than other models. In this paper, we systematically review studies that have used a CAF diet in behavioral experiments and propose a standardized CAF diet protocol. The proposed diet is ad libitum and voluntary; combines different textures, nutrients and tastes, including salty and sweet products; and it is rotated and varied. Our summary of the behavioral effects of CAF diet show that it alters meal patterns, reduces the hedonic value of other rewards, and tends to reduce stress and spatial memory. So far, no clear effects of CAF diet were found on locomotor activity, impulsivity, coping and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Norway.
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48
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Kanwal S, Aliya S, Xin Y. Anti-Obesity Effect of Dictyophora indusiata Mushroom Polysaccharide (DIP) in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Inflammatory Cascades and Intestinal Microbiome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:558874. [PMID: 33329380 PMCID: PMC7717937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.558874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, hyper-permeability of the gut epithelium, and perturbation of the intestinal microbiome. Despite the numerous therapeutic efficacies of Dictyophora indusiata mushroom, its biological activity in alleviating obesity through regulation of the gut microbiota and inflammatory cascades remain obscure. Henceforth, we determined the modulatory impact of D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. The experimental subjects (BALB/C mice) were supplemented with chow diet (Control group), high-fat diet (HFD group), or HFD along with DIP at a low dose [HFD + DIP(L)] and high dose [HFD + DIP(H)]. Obesity-related parameters, including body weight gain, epididymal adipocyte size, fat accumulation, adipogenic markers, lipogenic markers, inflammatory associated markers, intestinal integrity, and intestinal microbiome, were elucidated. Our findings demonstrated that the oral administration of DIP at low dose partially and at high dose significantly reversed HFD-induced obesity parameters. Furthermore, the body weight, fat accumulation, adipocyte size, adipogenic and liver associated markers, glucose levels, inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) levels were reduced considerably. Moreover, the study revealed that DIP treatment reversed the dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome community by decreasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings led us to infer the therapeutic potential of DIP in alleviating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, modulating intestinal integrity and intestinal microbiome community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kanwal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shams Aliya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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49
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Exploring Therapeutic Targets to Reverse or Prevent the Transition from Metabolically Healthy to Unhealthy Obesity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071596. [PMID: 32630256 PMCID: PMC7407965 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic comorbidities are rapidly increasing worldwide, placing a huge economic burden on health systems. Excessive nutrient supply combined with reduced physical exercise results in positive energy balance that promotes adipose tissue expansion. However, the metabolic response and pattern of fat accumulation is variable, depending on the individual’s genetic and acquired susceptibility factors. Some develop metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and are resistant to obesity-associated metabolic diseases for some time, whereas others readily develop metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). An unhealthy response to excess fat accumulation could be due to susceptibility intrinsic factors (e.g., increased likelihood of dedifferentiation and/or inflammation), or by pathogenic drivers extrinsic to the adipose tissue (e.g., hyperinsulinemia), or a combination of both. This review outlines the major transcriptional factors and genes associated with adipogenesis and regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and describes which of these are disrupted in MUO compared to MHO individuals. It also examines the potential role of pathogenic insulin hypersecretion as an extrinsic factor capable of driving the changes in adipose tissue which cause transition from MHO to MUO. On this basis, therapeutic approaches currently available and emerging to prevent and reverse the transition from MHO to MUO transition are reviewed.
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50
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Rosales-Velderrain A, Goldberg RF, Ames GE, Stone RL, Lynch SA, Bowers SP. Hypometabolizers: Characteristics of Obese Patients with Abnormally Low Resting Energy Expenditure. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481408000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain or loss is determined by the difference between calorie intake and energy expenditure. The Mifflin metabolic equation most accurately predicts resting energy expenditure (REE) in morbidly obese patients. Hypometabolizers have a measured REE that is much less than predicted and pose the greatest challenge for weight loss induced by restriction of calorie intake. We studied 628 morbidly obese patients (467 female and 161 men, aged 52.5 ± 15.7 years, body mass index [BMI] of 42.6 ± 7.6 m/kg2 [mean ± SD]). REE was measured using the MedGem® device (REEm) and the percentage variance (δREE%) from the Mifflin-predicted expenditure (REEp) was calculated. Patients with δREE% more than 1 standard deviation from the mean were defined as hypometabolizers (REEm greater than 27% below REEp) and hypermetabolizers (REEm less than 13% above REEp), respectively. Hypometabolizers had greater REEp (1900 ± 301 vs 1719 ± 346 calories, P = 0.005) and lower REEm (1244 ± 278 vs 2161 ± 438 calories, P < 0.0001) than hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers, when compared with hypermetabolizers, were taller (167.2 ± 8.4 vs 164.0 ± 10.9 cm, P = 0.04), heavier (123.6 ± 22.2 vs 110.2 ± 23.1 kg, P = 0.006), and had increased BMI (44.1 ± 6.5 vs 40.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2, P = 0.04). Other measured anthropometrics were not different between hypo- and hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers were less likely to be diabetic (23 vs 43%, P = 0.03) and more likely to be black (25 vs 5%, P = 0.002) than hypermetabolizers. This study defines hypometabolizers as having variance in REEm more than 27 per cent below that predicted by the Mifflin equation. We could not identify any distinguishing phenotypic characteristics of hypometabolizers, suggesting an influence unrelated to body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross F. Goldberg
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Gretchen E. Ames
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ronald L. Stone
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Scott A. Lynch
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Steven P. Bowers
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
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