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Miao X, Shen S, Koch G, Wang X, Li J, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Systems pharmacodynamic model of combined gemcitabine and trabectedin in pancreatic cancer cells. Part I.Çô Effects on signal transduction pathways related to tumor growth. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:214-227. [PMID: 38498417 PMCID: PMC11017371 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often chemotherapy-resistant, and novel drug combinations would fill an unmet clinical need. Previously we reported synergistic cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine and trabectedin on pancreatic cancer cells, but underlying protein-level interaction mechanisms remained unclear. We employed a reliable, sensitive, comprehensive, quantitative, high-throughput IonStar proteomic workflow to investigate the time course of gemcitabine and trabectedin effects, alone and combined, upon pancreatic cancer cells. MiaPaCa-2 cells were incubated with vehicle (controls), gemcitabine, trabectedin, and their combinations over 72 hours. Samples were collected at intervals and analyzed using the label-free IonStar liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflow to provide temporal quantification of protein expression for 4,829 proteins in four experimental groups. To characterize diverse signal transduction pathways, a comprehensive systems pharmacodynamic (SPD) model was developed. The analysis is presented in two parts. Here, Part I describes drug responses in cancer cell growth and migration pathways included in the full model: receptor tyrosine kinase- (RTK), integrin-, G-protein coupled receptor- (GPCR), and calcium-signaling pathways. The developed model revealed multiple underlying mechanisms of drug actions, provides insight into the basis of drug interaction synergism, and offers a scientific rationale for potential drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gilbert Koch
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University of Basel, Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xue Wang
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Li
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Zhou K, Liu Y, Yuan S, Zhou Z, Ji P, Huang Q, Wen F, Li Q. Signalling in pancreatic cancer: from pathways to therapy. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1013-1026. [PMID: 37869884 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2274806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignant tumour in the digestive system. Due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic markers, strong metastasis ability, and resistance to anti-cancer drugs, the prognosis of PC is inferior. In the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that the development of PC is closely related to various signalling pathways. With the exploration of RAS-driven, epidermal growth factor receptor, Hedgehog, NF-κB, TGF-β, and NOTCH signalling pathways, breakthroughs have been made to explore the mechanism of pancreatic carcinogenesis, as well as the novel therapies. In this review, we discussed the signalling pathways involved in PC and summarised current targeted agents in the treatment of PC. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges in the exploration of potential therapies targeting signalling pathways were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingping Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Ziyu Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianhan Huang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cannabinoids Transmogrify Cancer Metabolic Phenotype via Epigenetic Reprogramming and a Novel CBD Biased G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Platform. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041030. [PMID: 36831374 PMCID: PMC9954791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of epigenetic reprogramming predicts long-term functional health effects. This reprogramming can be activated by exogenous or endogenous insults, leading to altered healthy and different disease states. The exogenous or endogenous changes that involve developing a roadmap of epigenetic networking, such as drug components on epigenetic imprinting and restoring epigenome patterns laid down during embryonic development, are paramount to establishing youthful cell type and health. This epigenetic landscape is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. The initiation and progression of cancer are considered to involve epigenetic abnormalities and genetic alterations. Cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer development, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, non-coding RNAs, and microRNA expression. Endocannabinoids are natural lipid molecules whose levels are regulated by specific biosynthetic and degradative enzymes. They bind to and activate two primary cannabinoid receptors, type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), and together with their metabolizing enzymes, form the endocannabinoid system. This review focuses on the role of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 signaling in activating numerous receptor tyrosine kinases and Toll-like receptors in the induction of epigenetic landscape alterations in cancer cells, which might transmogrify cancer metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming to a metastatic phenotype. Strategies applied from conception could represent an innovative epigenetic target for preventing and treating human cancer. Here, we describe novel cannabinoid-biased G protein-coupled receptor signaling platforms (GPCR), highlighting putative future perspectives in this field.
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Szlasa W, Michel O, Sauer N, Novickij V, Lewandowski D, Kasperkiewicz P, Tarek M, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Nanosecond pulsed electric field suppresses growth and reduces multi-drug resistance effect in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:351. [PMID: 36611083 PMCID: PMC9825384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have been shown to exert anticancer effects; however, little is known about the mechanisms triggered in cancer cells by nanosecond-length pulses, especially when low, sub-permeabilization voltage is used. In this study, three human pancreatic cancer cell lines were treated with nsPEF and molecular changes at the cellular level were analyzed. Further, we assessed the efficacy of paclitaxel chemotherapy following nsPEF treatment and correlated that with the changes in the expression of multi-drug resistance (MDR) proteins. Finally, we examined the influence of nsPEF on the adhesive properties of cancer cells as well as the formation and growth of pancreatic cancer spheroids. Cell line response differed with the application of a 200 ns, 100 pulses, 8 kV/cm, 10 kHz PEF treatment. PEF treatment led to (1) the release of microvesicles (MV) in EPP85-181RDB cells, (2) electropermeabilization in EPP85-181RNOV cells and (3) cell shrinkage in EPP85-181P cells. The release of MV's in EPP85-181RDB cells reduced the membrane content of P-gp and LRP, leading to a transient increase in vulnerability of the cells towards paclitaxel. In all cell lines we observed an initial reduction in size of the cancer spheroids after the nsPEF treatment. Cell line EPP85-181RNOV exhibited a permanent reduction in the spheroid size after nsPEF. We propose a mechanism in which the surface tension of the membrane, regulated by the organization of actin fibers, modulates the response of cancer cells towards nsPEF. When a membrane's surface tension remains low, we observed some cells form protrusions and release MVs containing MDR proteins. In contrast, when cell surface tension remains high, the cell membrane is being electroporated. The latter effect may be responsible for the reduced tumor growth following nsPEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Michel
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland ,grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Sauer
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XFaculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- grid.9424.b0000 0004 1937 1776Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania ,grid.493509.2Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Damian Lewandowski
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mounir Tarek
- grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland ,grid.493509.2Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Fernandes AS, Oliveira C, Reis RL, Martins A, Silva TH. Marine-Inspired Drugs and Biomaterials in the Perspective of Pancreatic Cancer Therapies. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:689. [PMID: 36355012 PMCID: PMC9698933 DOI: 10.3390/md20110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its low prevalence, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest, typically characterised as silent in early stages and with a dramatically poor prognosis when in its advanced stages, commonly associated with a high degree of metastasis. Many efforts have been made in pursuing innovative therapeutical approaches, from the search for new cytotoxic drugs and other bioactive compounds, to the development of more targeted approaches, including improved drug delivery devices. Marine biotechnology has been contributing to this quest by providing new chemical leads and materials originating from different organisms. In this review, marine biodiscovery for PC is addressed, particularly regarding marine invertebrates (namely sponges, molluscs, and bryozoans), seaweeds, fungi, and bacteria. In addition, the development of biomaterials based on marine-originating compounds, particularly chitosan, fucoidan, and alginate, for the production of advanced cancer therapies, is also discussed. The key role that drug delivery can play in new cancer treatments is highlighted, as therapeutical outcomes need to be improved to give further hope to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal
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Sharma N, Arora V. Strategies for drug targeting in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2022; 22:937-950. [PMID: 36055937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is expected to replace lung cancer as the second greatest cause of cancer mortality by 2025. It has been a particularly the most lethal kind of cancer. OBJECTIVE Despite the new innovations, research, and improvements in drug design; there are many hurdles limiting their therapeutic applications such as intrinsic resistance to chemotherapeutics, inability to deliver a sufficient concentration of drug to the target site, lack of effectiveness of drug delivery systems. These are the major contributing factors to limit the treatment. So, the main objective is to overcome these types of problems by nanotechnology and ligand conjugation approach to achieve targeted drug delivery. METHOD Nanotechnology has emerged as a major approach to develop cancer treatment. Regardless of the severity, there are several issues that restrict the therapeutic impact, including inadequate transport across biological barriers, limited cellular absorption, degradation, and faster clearance. RESULT Targeted drug delivery may overcome these obstacles by binding a natural ligand to the surface of nanocarriers, which enhances the drug's capacity to release at the desired site and minimizes adverse effects. CONCLUSION This study will investigate the possible outcomes of targeted therapeutic agent delivery in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, as well as the limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navni Sharma
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140113, India.
| | - Vimal Arora
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140113, India
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Cao C, Zhao W, Chen X, Shen B, Wang T, Wu C, Rong X. Deciphering the action mechanism of paeoniflorin in suppressing pancreatic cancer: A network pharmacology study and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032282. [PMID: 36339551 PMCID: PMC9630940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main active component of Chinese herbaceous peony that has been shown to have an anti-tumor effect. However, there are few studies on the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer with PF. Methods: We gathered Microarray data pertaining to paeoniflorin intervention in pancreatic cancer by utilizing the GEO database (GSE97124). Then, the DEGs were filtered by the 33R program. RNA-seq data of pancreatic cancer and normal tissue samples were taken from the TCGA and GTEx databases, respectively, and the WGCNA technique was utilized to examine the pancreatic cancer-specific genes. Paeoniflorin target genes for the treatment of pancreatic cancer were determined based on the overlap between DEGs and WGCNA. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were then performed on paeoniflorin target genes to discover which biological processes were impacted. Using the 3 hierarchical methods included in the Cytohubba plugin, we re-screened the hub genes in the target genes to find the genes most relevant to paeoniflorin treatment. The overall survival effects of hub genes were confirmed using the TCGA database. Finally, the paeoniflorin targets identified by the network pharmacology analysis were validated using PANC-1 and Capan-2 cells. Results: We identified 148 main potential PF targets, and gene enrichment analysis suggested that the aforementioned targets play a crucial role in the regulation of MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and other pathways. The further screening of the prospective targets resulted in the identification of 39 hub genes. Using the TCGA database, it was determined that around 33.33% of the hub gene’s high expression was linked with a bad prognosis. Finally, we demonstrated that PF inhibits IL-6 and IL-10 expression and p38 phosphorylation in pancreatic cancer cells, thereby reducing inflammation. Conclusion: PF may regulate inflammatory factors mainly through the p38 MAPK signal pathway. These findings provide theoretical and experimental evidence suggesting the PF as a promising natural source of anti-tumor compounds for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Bin Shen
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoxu Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Rong, ; Chaoxu Wu,
| | - Xiaofeng Rong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Rong, ; Chaoxu Wu,
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Repositioning of Old Drugs for Novel Cancer Therapies: Continuous Therapeutic Perfusion of Aspirin and Oseltamivir Phosphate with Gemcitabine Treatment Disables Tumor Progression, Chemoresistance, and Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153595. [PMID: 35892853 PMCID: PMC9331689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Repositioning old drugs in combination with clinical standard chemotherapeutics opens a promising clinical treatment approach for patients with pancreatic cancer. This report presents a therapeutic repositioning of continuous perfusion of aspirin and oseltamivir phosphate in combination with gemcitabine treatment as an effective treatment option for pancreatic cancer. The data suggest that repositioning these drugs with continuous perfusion with gemcitabine disables chemoresistance, tumor progression, EMT program, cancer stem cells, and metastases in a preclinical mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. These promising results warrant additional investigation to assess the potential of translating into the clinical setting to improve the cancer patient prognosis for an otherwise fatal disease. Abstract Metastatic pancreatic cancer has an invariably fatal outcome, with an estimated median progression-free survival of approximately six months employing our best combination chemotherapeutic regimens. Once drug resistance develops, manifested by increased primary tumor size and new and growing metastases, patients often die rapidly from their disease. Emerging evidence indicates that chemotherapy may contribute to the development of drug resistance through the upregulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways and subsequent cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment. Neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1) regulates the activation of several receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in EMT induction, angiogenesis, and cellular proliferation. Here, continuous therapeutic targeting of Neu-1 using parenteral perfusion of oseltamivir phosphate (OP) and aspirin (ASA) with gemcitabine (GEM) treatment significantly disrupts tumor progression, critical compensatory signaling mechanisms, EMT program, CSC, and metastases in a preclinical mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. ASA- and OP-treated xenotumors significantly inhibited the metastatic potential when transferred into animals.
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Kabiraj L, Kundu A. Potential role of microRNAs in pancreatic cancer manifestation: a review. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:26. [PMID: 35718815 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are different from normal cells in regard to phenotypic and functional expression. Cancer is the outcome of aberrant gene expression affecting various cellular signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (MiRs) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating the expression of various protein-coding genes post-transcriptionally and are known to play critical roles in the complicated cellular pathways leading to cell growth, proliferation, development, and apoptosis. MiRs are involved in various cancer-related pathways and function both as tumor suppressor and cancer-causing genes. There is a need for significant biomarkers, and better prognostication of response to a particular treatment and liquid biopsy could be useful to appraise such potential biomarkers. This review has focused on the involvement of anomalous expression of miRs in human pancreatic cancer and the investigation of miR-based biomarkers for disease diagnosis and better therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kabiraj
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Atreyee Kundu
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700091, India.
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Laurella LC, Mirakian NT, Garcia MN, Grasso DH, Sülsen VP, Papademetrio DL. Sesquiterpene Lactones as Promising Candidates for Cancer Therapy: Focus on Pancreatic Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:3492. [PMID: 35684434 PMCID: PMC9182036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease which confers to patients a poor prognosis at short term. PDAC is the fourth leading cause of death among cancers in the Western world. The rate of new cases of pancreatic cancer (incidence) is 10 per 100,000 but present a 5-year survival of less than 10%, highlighting the poor prognosis of this pathology. Furthermore, 90% of advanced PDAC tumor present KRAS mutations impacting in several oncogenic signaling pathways, many of them associated with cell proliferation and tumor progression. Different combinations of chemotherapeutic agents have been tested over the years without an improvement of significance in its treatment. PDAC remains as one the more challenging biomedical topics thus far. The lack of a proper early diagnosis, the notable mortality statistics and the poor outcome with the available therapies urge the entire scientific community to find novel approaches against PDAC with real improvements in patients' survival and life quality. Natural compounds have played an important role in the process of discovery and development of new drugs. Among them, terpenoids, such as sesquiterpene lactones, stand out due to their biological activities and pharmacological potential as antitumor agents. In this review, we will describe the sesquiterpene lactones with in vitro and in vivo activity against pancreatic tumor cells. We will also discuss the mechanism of action of the compounds as well as the signaling pathways associated with their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cecilia Laurella
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
| | - Nadia Talin Mirakian
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
| | - Maria Noé Garcia
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 4, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
| | - Daniel Héctor Grasso
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 4, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Valeria Patricia Sülsen
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
| | - Daniela Laura Papademetrio
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 4, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina;
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Kumar AA, Buckley BJ, Ranson M. The Urokinase Plasminogen Activation System in Pancreatic Cancer: Prospective Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:152. [PMID: 35204653 PMCID: PMC8961517 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy that features high recurrence rates and the poorest prognosis of all solid cancers. The urokinase plasminogen activation system (uPAS) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for more than 90% of all pancreatic cancers. Overexpression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) or its cell surface receptor uPAR is a key step in the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype via multiple mechanisms, including the increased activation of cell surface localised plasminogen which generates the serine protease plasmin. This triggers multiple downstream processes that promote tumour cell migration and invasion. Increasing clinical evidence shows that the overexpression of uPA, uPAR, or of both is strongly associated with worse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in PDAC patients. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the uPAS in the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on PDAC, and summarises the substantial body of evidence that supports the role of uPAS components, including plasminogen receptors, in this disease. The review further outlines the clinical utility of uPAS components as prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC, as well as a rationale for the development of novel uPAS-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna A. Kumar
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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12
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Minin A, Blatov I, Lebedeva V, Tuchai M, Pozdina V, Byzov I, Zubarev I. Novel cost-efficient protein-membrane basedsystem for cells co-cultivation and modeling theintercellular communication. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1033-1042. [PMID: 35000190 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In vitro systems serve as compact and manipulate models to investigate interactions between different cell types. A homogeneous population of cells predictably and uniformly responds to external factors. In a heterogeneous cell population, the effect of external growth factors is perceived in the context of intercellular interactions. Indirect cell cocultivation allows one to observe the paracrine effects of cells and separately analyze cell populations. The article describes an application of custom-made cell co-cultivation systems based on protein membranes separated from the bottom of the vessel by the 3d printed holder or kept afloat by a magnetic field. Using the proposed co-cultivation system, we analyzed the interaction of A549 cells and fibroblasts, in the presence and absence of growth factors. During co-cultivation of cells, the expression of genes of the activation for epithelial and mesenchymal transitions decreases. The article proposes the application of a newly available system for the co-cultivation of different cell types. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minin
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - I Blatov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - V Lebedeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - M Tuchai
- Ural Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - V Pozdina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - I Byzov
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - I Zubarev
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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13
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Selvarajoo N, Stanslas J, Islam MK, Sagineedu SR, Lian HK, Lim JCW. Pharmacological Modulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2581-2595. [PMID: 35331093 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220324123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignant neoplasm with infrequent signs and symptoms until a progressive stage. In 2020, GLOBOCAN reported that pancreatic cancer accounts for 4.7% of all cancer deaths. Despite the availability of standard chemotherapy regimens for treatment, the survival benefits are not guaranteed because tumor cells become chemoresistant even due to the development of chemoresistance in tumor cells even with a short treatment course, where apoptosis and autophagy play critical roles. OBJECTIVE This review compiled essential information on the regulatory mechanisms and roles of apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer, as well as drug-like molecules that target different pathways in pancreatic cancer eradication, with an aim to provide ideas to the scientific communities in discovering novel and specific drugs to treat pancreatic cancer, specifically PDAC. METHOD Electronic databases that were searched for research articles for this review were Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. The published studies were identified and retrieved using selected keywords. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Many small-molecule anticancer agents have been developed to regulate autophagy and apoptosis associated with pancreatic cancer treatment, where most of them target apoptosis directly through EGFR/Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. The cancer drugs that regulate autophagy in treating cancer can be categorized into three groups: i) direct autophagy inducers (e.g., rapamycin), ii) indirect autophagy inducers (e.g., resveratrol), and iii) autophagy inhibitors. Resveratrol persuades both apoptosis and autophagy with a cytoprotective effect, while autophagy inhibitors (e.g., 3-methyladenine, chloroquine) can turn off the protective autophagic effect for therapeutic benefits. Several studies showed that autophagy inhibition resulted in a synergistic effect with chemotherapy (e.g., a combination of metformin with gemcitabine/ 5FU). Such drugs possess a unique clinical value in treating pancreatic cancer as well as other autophagy-dependent carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityaa Selvarajoo
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Kaisarul Islam
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ho Kok Lian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Faleiro I, Roberto VP, Demirkol Canli S, Fraunhoffer NA, Iovanna J, Gure AO, Link W, Castelo-Branco P. DNA Methylation of PI3K/AKT Pathway-Related Genes Predicts Outcome in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246354. [PMID: 34944974 PMCID: PMC8699150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy. Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms leads to abnormal patterns of gene expression contributing to the development and progression of cancer. We explored the ability of DNA methylation of PI3K-related genes to differentiate between malignant and healthy pancreatic tissue using distinct pancreatic cancer cohorts, and found that the methylation levels of the ITGA4, SFN, ITGA2, and PIK3R1 genes are altered in tumour samples since the early stages of malignant transformation and could serve as new diagnostic tools. We also demonstrate that these alterations correlate with overall survival and recurrence-free survival of the patients suggesting that its assessment can serve as independent prognostic indicators of patients’ survival with higher sensitivity and specificity than the currently implemented biomarkers. Therefore, the methylation profile of genes involved in this pathway may be an alternative method for predicting cell malignancy and help doctors’ decisions on patient care. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of 9%. Despite the advances in the field, the need for an earlier detection and effective therapies is paramount. PCA high heterogeneity suggests that epigenetic alterations play a key role in tumour development. However, only few epigenetic biomarkers or therapeutic targets have been identified so far. Here we explored the potential of distinct DNA methylation signatures as biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of PCA. PI3K/AKT-related genes differentially expressed in PCA were identified using the Pancreatic Expression Database (n = 153). Methylation data from PCA patients was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 183), crossed with clinical data to evaluate the biomarker potential of the epigenetic signatures identified and validated in independent cohorts. The majority of selected genes presented higher expression and hypomethylation in tumour tissue. The methylation signatures of specific genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway could distinguish normal from malignant tissue at initial disease stages with AUC > 0.8, revealing their potential as PCA diagnostic tools. ITGA4, SFN, ITGA2, and PIK3R1 methylation levels could be independent prognostic indicators of patients’ survival. Methylation status of SFN and PIK3R1 were also associated with disease recurrence. Our study reveals that the methylation levels of PIK3/AKT genes involved in PCA could be used to diagnose and predict patients’ clinical outcome with high sensitivity and specificity. These results provide new evidence of the potential of epigenetic alterations as biomarkers for disease screening and management and highlight possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Faleiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (IMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia Palma Roberto
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.P.R.); (P.C.-B.)
| | - Secil Demirkol Canli
- Molecular Pathology Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Nicolas A. Fraunhoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France; (N.A.F.); (J.I.)
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France; (N.A.F.); (J.I.)
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Medical Biology, Acibadem University, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.P.R.); (P.C.-B.)
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15
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Liu X, Yuan H, Zhou J, Wang Q, Qi X, Bernal C, Avella D, Kaifi JT, Kimchi ET, Timothy P, Cheng K, Miao Y, Jiang K, Li G. LMO7 as an Unrecognized Factor Promoting Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647387. [PMID: 33763427 PMCID: PMC7982467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies without effective treatment. In an effort to discover key genes and molecular pathways underlying PC growth, we have identified LIM domain only 7 (LMO7) as an under-investigated molecule, which highly expresses in primary and metastatic human and mouse PC with the potential of impacting PC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Using genetic methods with siRNA, shRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9, we have successfully generated stable mouse PC cells with LMO7 knockdown or knockout. Using these cells with loss of LMO7 function, we have demonstrated that intrinsic LMO7 defect significantly suppresses PC cell proliferation, anchorage-free colony formation, and mobility in vitro and slows orthotopic PC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that loss of LMO7 function causes PC cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. These data indicate that LMO7 functions as an independent and unrecognized druggable factor significantly impacting PC growth and metastasis, which could be harnessed for developing a new targeted therapy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission of China, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xiaoqiang Qi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Catharine Bernal
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Diego Avella
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Parrett Timothy
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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16
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Antwi SO, Bamlet WR, Cawthon RM, Rabe KG, Druliner BR, Sicotte H, Jatoi A, Mahipal A, Boardman LA, Oberg AL, Petersen GM. Shorter Treatment-Naïve Leukocyte Telomere Length is Associated with Poorer Overall Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 30:210-216. [PMID: 33187969 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically shortened telomeres contribute to chromosomal instability and neoplastic transformation and are associated with early death of patients with certain cancer types. Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been associated with higher risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and might be associated also with survival of patients with PDAC. We investigated the association between treatment-naïve LTL and overall survival of patients with incident PDAC. METHODS The study included 642 consecutively enrolled PDAC patients in the Mayo Clinic Biospecimen Resource for Pancreas Research. Blood samples were obtained at the time of diagnosis, before the start of cancer treatment, from which LTL was assayed by qRT-PCR. LTL was first modeled as a continuous variable (per-interquartile range decrease in LTL) and then as a categorized variable (short, medium, long). Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for overall mortality using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Shorter treatment-naïve LTL was associated with higher mortality among patients with PDAC (HRcontinuous = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P = 0.03; HRshortest vs. longest LTL = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.59, P trend = 0.01). There was a difference in the association between LTL and overall mortality by tumor stage at diagnosis; resectable tumors (HRcontinuous = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.73-1.12), locally advanced tumors (HRcontinuous = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07-1.56), and metastatic tumors (HRcontinuous = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.96-1.42), P interaction = 0.04. CONCLUSION Shorter treatment-naïve LTL is associated with poorer overall survival of patients with incident PDAC. IMPACT Peripheral blood LTL might be a prognostic marker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O Antwi
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - William R Bamlet
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hugues Sicotte
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aminah Jatoi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lisa A Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Wright JW, Church KJ, Harding JW. Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage-stimulating Protein "Hinge" Analogs to Treat Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:782-795. [PMID: 30914029 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190326130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks twelfth in frequency of diagnosis but is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths with a 5 year survival rate of less than 7 percent. This poor prognosis occurs because the early stages of PC are often asymptomatic. Over-expression of several growth factors, most notably vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been implicated in PC resulting in dysfunctional signal transduction pathways and the facilitation of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts via the Met receptor and has also received research attention with ongoing efforts to develop treatments to block the Met receptor and its signal transduction pathways. Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and its receptor Ron, is also recognized as important in the etiology of PC but is less well studied. Although the angiotensin II (AngII)/AT1 receptor system is best known for mediating blood pressure and body water/electrolyte balance, it also facilitates tumor vascularization and growth by stimulating the expression of VEGF. A metabolite of AngII, angiotensin IV (AngIV) has sequence homology with the "hinge regions" of HGF and MSP, key structures in the growth factor dimerization processes necessary for Met and Ron receptor activation. We have developed AngIV-based analogs designed to block dimerization of HGF and MSP and thus receptor activation. Norleual has shown promise as tested utilizing PC cell cultures. Results indicate that cell migration, invasion, and pro-survival functions were suppressed by this analog and tumor growth was significantly inhibited in an orthotopic PC mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wright
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, and Program in Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kevin J Church
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, and Program in Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Joseph W Harding
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, and Program in Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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18
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Wang Q, Yan H, Wang Z, Li Z, Li D, Li Z, Wang K, Tian J, Zhao X. Construction of a novel bispecific fusion protein to enhance targeting for pancreatic cancer imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120161. [PMID: 32505034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis are the most important endeavors for reducing associated morbidity and mortality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Developing molecular imaging probes that can specifically and effectively target cancer-associated biological pathways is one of the key points for sensitive and accurate diagnosis for PDAC. Herein, a small-sized, bispecific fusion protein constructed by genetic fusion of different binding domains of antibodies, termed Bi50, with enhanced targeting effect for PDAC is reported. Bi50 has excellent bispecific targeting for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) simultaneously in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Bi50 shows increased intratumoral permeability and enrichment characteristics in the tumor than the control protein, which is constructed directly connecting two individual Fabs. Moreover, Bi50 can not only target areas rich in vasculature but also bind with affinity to tumor parenchymal cells, achieving "multilevel" targeting effect. Our work demonstrates that the bispecific fusion protein Bi50 has great potential as an efficient, targeted molecular imaging probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zihua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Yi-Chuang Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Xinming Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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19
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Alexander BE, Sun S, Palframan MJ, Kociok‐Köhn G, Dibwe DF, Watanabe S, Caggiano L, Awale S, Lewis SE. Sidechain Diversification of Grandifloracin Allows Identification of Analogues with Enhanced Anti-Austerity Activity against Human PANC-1 Pancreatic Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:125-135. [PMID: 31821731 PMCID: PMC7003952 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The natural product (+)-grandifloracin is a potent "anti-austerity" agent, able to suppress the ability of various pancreatic cancer cell lines to tolerate conditions of nutrient deprivation. Such anti-austerity agents represent a promising approach to cancer chemotherapy. Here we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of racemic analogues of grandifloracin bearing diverse sidechains, of which two show enhanced potency in comparison with the natural product. Additionally, several unexpected by-products containing modifications of the grandifloracin core were isolated, identified and similarly evaluated for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sijia Sun
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
| | | | - Gabriele Kociok‐Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC)University of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
| | - Lorenzo Caggiano
- Department of Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
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20
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Novel Mechanistic Insight into the Anticancer Activity of Cucurbitacin D against Pancreatic Cancer (Cuc D Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer). Cells 2019; 9:cells9010103. [PMID: 31906106 PMCID: PMC7017063 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the United States. The current standard treatment for pancreatic cancer is gemcitabine, but its success is poor due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural products have been widely investigated as potential candidates in cancer therapies, and cucurbitacin D (Cuc D) has shown excellent anticancer properties in various models. However, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of Cuc D in PanCa. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the Cuc D on PanCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Cuc D inhibited the viability of PanCa cells in a dose and time dependent manner, as evident by MTS assays. Furthermore, Cuc D treatment suppressed the colony formation, arrest cell cycle, and decreased the invasion and migration of PanCa cells. Notably, our findings suggest that mucin 13 (MUC13) is down-regulated upon Cuc D treatment, as demonstrated by Western blot and qPCR analyses. Furthermore, we report that the treatment with Cuc D restores miR-145 expression in PanCa cells/tissues. Cuc D treatment suppresses the proliferation of gemcitabine resistant PanCa cells and inhibits RRM1/2 expression. Treatment with Cuc D effectively inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors. Taken together, Cuc D could be utilized as a novel therapeutic agents for the treatment/sensitization of PanCa.
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21
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Lefranc F, Koutsaviti A, Ioannou E, Kornienko A, Roussis V, Kiss R, Newman D. Algae metabolites: from in vitro growth inhibitory effects to promising anticancer activity. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:810-841. [PMID: 30556575 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1957 to 2017 Algae constitute a heterogeneous group of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, mainly found in the marine environment. Algae produce numerous metabolites that help them cope with the harsh conditions of the marine environment. Because of their structural diversity and uniqueness, these molecules have recently gained a lot of interest for the identification of medicinally useful agents, including those with potential anticancer activities. In the current review, which is not a catalogue-based one, we first highlight the major biological events that lead to various types of cancer, including metastatic ones, to chemoresistance, thus to any types of current anticancer treatment relating to the use of chemotherapeutics. We then review algal metabolites for which scientific literature reports anticancer activity. Lastly, we focus on algal metabolites with promising anticancer activity based on their ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. Thus, we highlight compounds that have, among others, one or more of the following characteristics: selectivity in reducing the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, potential for killing cancer cells through non-apoptotic signaling pathways, ability to circumvent MDR-related efflux pumps, and activity in vivo in relevant pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Yoon S, Rossi JJ. Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer by Aptamer Conjugated C/EBPα-saRNA. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 28639199 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4310-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is estimated to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2020. While the death rates of most other cancers continue to decline recently, the death rates of pancreatic cancer are still increasing, with less than 5% of patients achieving 5-year survival. Despite great efforts to improve treatment with combinational therapies in pancreatic cancer patients, limited progress has been made. V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) has been depicted as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer for many years. However, the clinical outcome of KRAS-directed therapies has not been successful, suggesting that KRAS is an undruggable target. For the new druggable target, epigenetically silenced transcriptional factor C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α), upregulator of a strong inhibitor of cell proliferation (p21), is upregulated by small activating RNA (saRNA) in pancreatic cancer. For the cell type-specific delivery, pancreatic cancer-specific 2'-Fluoropyrimidine RNA-aptamers (2'F-RNAs) are conjugated with C/EBPα-saRNA via sticky bridge sequences. The conjugates of aptamer-C/EBPα-saRNA upregulate the expression of C/EBPα in vitro and inhibit the tumor growth in vivo. It suggests that aptamer-mediated targeted delivery of therapeutic C/EBPα-saRNA might be the effective therapeutics under the current therapeutic modality failure in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorah Yoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John J Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, USA. .,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Kim Y, Kim KH, Lee IS, Park JY, Na YC, Chung WS, Jang HJ. Apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by a timosaponin A3 from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge on AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:48-56. [PMID: 30668353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timosaponin A3 (TA3), one of the active components of spirostanol saponin isolated from A. asphodeloides, is widely used as an anticancer agent in a variety of cancer cell lines. However, the research on the anticancer efficacy is very limited in human pancreatic cancer models. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the molecular targets in the active components of A. asphodeloides, which showed anti-cancer effects in human pancreatic cancer cells, and confirmed the pathways involved. STUDY DESIGN The apoptotic effects of five solvent extracts of A. asphodeloides in human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1) was studied, and the phytochemical leading to their effects identified. Next, we determined whether the phytochemical inhibit STAT3 and ERK1/2, and investigated the pathways involved. METHODS Five solvent extracts of A. asphodeloides (100 µg/ml, 24 h) was investigated for their cytotoxicity against AsPC-1 cells. The active ingredient of the extract exhibiting the highest toxicity were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Next, we studied the mechanism of action of the phytochemical in pancreatic cancer. Cell cycle and annexin V/FITC assays were performed to assess cell growth and apoptosis capacity. The effects on apoptosis and proliferation-related pathways, STAT3, and MAPKs were confirmed at the protein level using immunoblotting. The factors regulated in the pathways were investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of A. asphodeloides (EAA) induced apoptotic and anti-proliferative activities through the STAT3 and MAPKs pathways. We found that TA3, an active component of EAA, inhibits constitutive STAT3 and ERK1/2 proteins. EAA and TA3 decreased the viability of AsPC-1 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 and G2/M phases. Moreover, TA3 inhibited the expression of various genes encoding anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl), proliferative (Cyclin D1), metastatic (MMP-9), and angiogenic (VEGF-1) proteins. CONCLUSION The results indicated that TA3, an active phytochemical from A. asphodeloides, could induce apoptosis and suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways. Thus, TA3 is a candidate cancer chemotherapeutic agent instead to treat human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Na
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Barati Bagherabad M, Afzaljavan F, ShahidSales S, Hassanian SM, Avan A. Targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer: Promises and failures. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2726-2741. [PMID: 28703890 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incidence rate nearly equal to its mortality rate. The poor prognosis of the disease can be explained by the absence of effective biomarkers for screening and early detection, together with the aggressive behavior and resistance to the currently available chemotherapy. The therapeutic failure can also be attributed to the inter-/intratumor genetic heterogeneity and the abundance of tumor stroma that occupies the majority of the tumor mass. Gemcitabine is used in the treatment of PDAC; however, the response rate is less than 12%. A recent phase III trial revealed that the combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin could be an option for the treatment of metastatic PDAC patients with good performance status, although these approaches can result in high toxicity level. Further investigations are required to develop innovative anticancer agents that either improve gemcitabine activity, within novel combinatorial approaches or acts with a better efficacy than gemcitabine. The aim of the current review is to give an overview of preclinical and clinical studies targeting key dysregulated signaling pathways in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matineh Barati Bagherabad
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzaljavan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soodabeh ShahidSales
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Molecular Medicine group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Wu M, Zhu L, Feng X. Network-based feature screening with applications to genome data. Ann Appl Stat 2018. [DOI: 10.1214/17-aoas1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Mismatch repair status as a beneficial predictor of fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2018; 163:1080-1089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Kanteti R, Mirzapoiazova T, Riehm JJ, Dhanasingh I, Mambetsariev B, Wang J, Kulkarni P, Kaushik G, Seshacharyulu P, Ponnusamy MP, Kindler HL, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Salgia R. Focal adhesion kinase a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:316-327. [PMID: 29303405 PMCID: PMC5902231 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1416937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is known to play a key role in a variety of normal and cancer cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. It is highly active and overexpressed in various cancers including Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Here, initially, we demonstrate that FAK is overexpressed in both PDAC and MPM cell lines. Then we analyze effects of two small molecule inhibitors PF-573228, and PF-431396, which are dual specificity inhibitors of FAK and proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), as well as VS-6063, another small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits FAK but not PYK2 for cell growth, motility and invasion of PDAC and MPM cell lines. Treatment with PF-573228, PF-431396 and VS-6063 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of growth and anchorage-independent colony formation in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, these compounds suppressed the phosphorylation of FAK at its active site, Y397, and functionally induced significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in both cell lines. Using the ECIS (Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing) system, we found that treatment of both PF compounds suppressed adherence and migration of PDAC cells on fibronectin. Interestingly, 3D-tumor organoids derived from autochthonous KC (Kras;PdxCre) mice treated with PF-573228 revealed a significant decrease in tumor organoid size and increase in organoid cell death. Taken together, our results show that FAK is an important target for mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer therapy that merit further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanteti
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Jacob J Riehm
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Immanuel Dhanasingh
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Jiale Wang
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA.,d Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , China
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Garima Kaushik
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Hedy L Kindler
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
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28
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Bi YL, Min M, Shen W, Liu Y. Genistein induced anticancer effects on pancreatic cancer cell lines involves mitochondrial apoptosis, G 0/G 1cell cycle arrest and regulation of STAT3 signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:10-16. [PMID: 29433670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein is a natural flavonoid that has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects against different types of cancers which include, but are not limited to, breast and oral squamous cell carcinoma. PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of the natural flavonoid genistein against pancreatic cancer cell lines and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Antiproliferative activity was investigated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by DAPI and annexin V/PI staining. DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined by wound healing assay. Protien expressions were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Antiproliferative assay revealed that genistein reduced the cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 of 20 and 25 µM against Mia-PaCa2 and PANC-1 cancer cell lines respectively. However, its antiproliferative effects were less pronounced against non-cancerous pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (H6C7) as evident from the IC50 of 120 µM. Genistein induced significant morphological changes in pancreatic cancer cells and triggered cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that genistein induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner through generation of substantial amounts of ROS and reduction of MMP. However, treatment of the pancreatic cancer with genistein and ascorbic acid could abrogate the effects of genistein on cell viability. Protien expression analysis revealed that genistein upregulated cytosolic cytochrome c, Bax, cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 expressions with concomitant downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, genistein inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT3 proteins and downregulated the expression of survivin, cyclin D1 and ALDH1A1 in Mia-PaCa2 cells in a dose dependent manner. Interestingly, genistein could inhibit the cell migration potential of the Mia-PaCa2 cells which was further associated with the downregulation of metalloproteinases (MPP-2 and MPP-9). CONCLUSION Taken together, we propose that genistein exerts anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer cells through induction of ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and regulation of STAT3 and may therefore prove beneficial in the management of pancreatic cancers cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Military Medical Science, 307th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Military Medical Science, 307th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Military Medical Science, 307th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Military Medical Science, 307th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China.
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29
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Jeong SJ, Kim JH, Lim BJ, Yoon I, Song JA, Moon HS, Kim D, Lee DK, Kim S. Inhibition of MUC1 biosynthesis via threonyl-tRNA synthetase suppresses pancreatic cancer cell migration. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e424. [PMID: 29328069 PMCID: PMC5799795 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1), a heterodimeric oncoprotein, containing tandem repeat structures with a high proportion of threonine, is aberrantly overexpressed in many human cancers including pancreatic cancer. Since the overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients has remained low for several decades, novel therapeutic approaches are highly needed. Intestinal mucin has been known to be affected by dietary threonine supply since de novo synthesis of mucin proteins is sensitive to luminal threonine concentration. However, it is unknown whether biosynthesis of MUC1 is regulated by threonine in human cancers. In this study, data provided suggests that threonine starvation reduces the level of MUC1 and inhibits the migration of MUC1-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, knockdown of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TRS), an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation of threonine to its cognate tRNA, also suppresses MUC1 levels but not mRNA levels. The inhibitors of TRS decrease the level of MUC1 protein and prohibit the migration of MUC1-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, a positive correlation between TRS and MUC1 levels is observed in human pancreatic cancer cells. Concurrent with these results, the bioinformatics data indicate that co-expression of both TRS and MUC1 is correlated with the poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for TRS in controlling MUC1-mediated cancer cell migration and provide insight into targeting TRS as a novel therapeutic approach to pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jae Jeong
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ina Yoon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Song
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Moon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Haxho F, Neufeld RJ, Szewczuk MR. Neuraminidase-1: a novel therapeutic target in multistage tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40860-40881. [PMID: 27029067 PMCID: PMC5130050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several of the growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and insulin are promising candidate targets for cancer therapy. Indeed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been developed to target these growth factors and their receptors, and have demonstrated dramatic initial responses in cancer therapy. Yet, most patients ultimately develop TKI drug resistance and relapse. It is essential in the clinical setting that the targeted therapies are to circumvent multistage tumorigenesis, including genetic mutations at the different growth factor receptors, tumor neovascularization, chemoresistance of tumors, immune-mediated tumorigenesis and the development of tissue invasion and metastasis. Here, we identify a novel receptor signaling platform linked to EGF, NGF, insulin and TOLL-like receptor (TLR) activations, all of which are known to play major roles in tumorigenesis. The importance of these findings signify an innovative and promising entirely new targeted therapy for cancer. The role of mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) in complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 and G protein-coupled receptor tethered to RTKs and TLRs is identified as a major target in multistage tumorigenesis. Evidence exposing the link connecting growth factor-binding and immune-mediated tumorigenesis to this novel receptor-signaling paradigm will be reviewed in its current relationship to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Haxho
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald J Neufeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 is a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12894-12906. [PMID: 29560118 PMCID: PMC5849182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with very poor prognosis, and the five-year survival rate of the patients is less than 5% after diagnosis. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) belong to a serine protease family with 15 members that play important roles in cellular physiological behavior and diseases. The high expression level of KLK7 in pancreatic cancer tissues is considered to be a marker for the poor prognosis of this disease. In this work, we set out to investigate whether KLK7 could be a target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed and constructed in lentivirus to knock down KLK7 in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, and the real time cellular analysis (RTCA) was used to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. Small molecules inhibiting KLK7 were discovered by computer-aided drug screening and used to inhibit PANC-1 cells. Our results confirmed that KLK7 is significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue, and knocking down or inhibiting KLK7 efficiently inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. This study suggested that KLK7 could be a potential chemotherapy target for treatment of pancreatic cancer, which would provide us a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.
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32
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Queen A, Khan P, Idrees D, Azam A, Hassan MI. Biological evaluation of p-toluene sulphonylhydrazone as carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors: An approach to fight hypoxia-induced tumors. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:840-850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Mato-Berciano A, Raimondi G, Maliandi MV, Alemany R, Montoliu L, Fillat C. A NOTCH-sensitive uPAR-regulated oncolytic adenovirus effectively suppresses pancreatic tumor growth and triggers synergistic anticancer effects with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22700-22715. [PMID: 28186974 PMCID: PMC5410256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is an embryonic program that becomes reactivated in pancreatic cancer and contributes to cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. We explored the concept of oncolytic adenoviral activity in response to Notch activation signaling, in the context of a chimeric promoter with uPAR regulatory sequences, as a strategy to drive its activity in neoplastic and CSC. We explored the advantages of a chemo-virotherapy approach based on synergistic combinations. Regulatory sequences recognized by the transcriptional factor CSL upstream a minimal uPAR promoter were engineered in adenoviral vectors and in the oncolytic adenovirus AdNuPARmE1A. Viral response to Notch signaling, and viral potency in cell lines and pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSC) was tested. Preclinical toxicity and antitumor efficacy in xenografts and Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models was evaluated, as unimodal or in combination with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel. Mechanistic studies were conducted to explore the synergism of combined therapies. We demonstrate that CSL-binding site optimized-engineered sequences respond to Notch activation in AdNuPARmLuc and AdNuPARmE1A. AdNuPARmE1A showed strong lytic effects in pancreatic cancer cell lines and PCSC. AdNuPARmE1A displayed attenuated activity in normal tissues, but robust antitumor effects in xenograft and PDX models, leading to a reduced capacity of treated tumors to form tumorspheres. Chemo-virotherapy treatment enlarged therapeutic response in both tumor models. Synergistic effects of the combination resulted from viral sensitization of apoptotic cell death triggered by chemotherapy. In summary we present a novel effective oncolytic adenovirus, AdNuPARmE1A that reduces PCSC and presents synergistic effects with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, supporting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mato-Berciano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Maliandi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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Seshacharyulu P, Baine MJ, Souchek JJ, Menning M, Kaur S, Yan Y, Ouellette MM, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Biological determinants of radioresistance and their remediation in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:69-92. [PMID: 28249796 PMCID: PMC5548591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in radiotherapy, a majority of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (PC) do not achieve objective responses due to the existence of intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. Identification of molecular mechanisms that compromise the efficacy of radiation therapy and targeting these pathways is paramount for improving radiation response in PC patients. In this review, we have summarized molecular mechanisms associated with the radio-resistant phenotype of PC. Briefly, we discuss the reversible and irreversible biological consequences of radiotherapy, such as DNA damage and DNA repair, mechanisms of cancer cell survival and radiation-induced apoptosis following radiotherapy. We further describe various small molecule inhibitors and molecular targeting agents currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies as potential radiosensitizers for PC. Notably, we draw attention towards the confounding effects of cancer stem cells, immune system, and the tumor microenvironment in the context of PC radioresistance and radiosensitization. Finally, we discuss the need for examining selective radioprotectors in light of the emerging evidence on radiation toxicity to non-target tissue associated with PC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael J Baine
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joshua J Souchek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Melanie Menning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chi Lin
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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36
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Gilardini Montani MS, Granato M, Santoni C, Del Porto P, Merendino N, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Histone deacetylase inhibitors VPA and TSA induce apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:167-180. [PMID: 28160167 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are anti-neoplastic agents that are known to affect the growth of different cancer types, but their underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, we compared the effects of two HDACi, i.e., Trichostatin A (TSA) and Valproic Acid (VPA), on the induction of cell death and autophagy in pancreatic cancer-derived cells that exhibit a high metastatic capacity and carry KRAS/p53 double mutations. METHODS Cell viability and proliferation tests were carried out using Trypan blue dye exclusion, MTT and BrdU assays. FACS analyses were carried out to assess cell cycle progression, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial depolarization, while Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses were employed to detect proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy. RESULTS We found that both VPA and TSA can induce apoptosis in Panc1 and PaCa44 pancreatic cancer-derived cells by triggering mitochondrial membrane depolarization, Cytochrome c release and Caspase 3 activation, although VPA was more effective than TSA, especially in Panc1 cells. As underlying molecular events, we found that ERK1/2 was de-phosphorylated and that the c-Myc and mutant p53 protein levels were reduced after VPA and, to a lesser extent, after TSA treatment. Up-regulation of p21 and Puma was also observed, concomitantly with mutant p53 degradation. In addition, we found that in both cell lines VPA increased the pro-apoptotic Bim level, reduced the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 level and increased ROS production and autophagy, while TSA was able to induce these effects only in PaCA44 cells. CONCLUSIONS From our results we conclude that both VPA and TSA can induce pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy. VPA appears have a stronger and broader cytotoxic effect than TSA and, thus, may represent a better choice for anti-pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoni
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Tumor Biology Unit, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Słotwiński R, Słotwińska SM. Diagnostic value of selected markers and apoptotic pathways for pancreatic cancer. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:392-403. [PMID: 28450803 PMCID: PMC5382885 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer occupies the fourth place as a cause of death from cancer, and the mortality rate is similar to the number of newly detected cases. Due to the late diagnosis, only 5-6% of patients with pancreatic cancer survive for five years. Given that early diagnosis is critical for improving patients' survival rates, there is an urgent need for the discovery and validation of new biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to help diagnose pancreatic cancer early. Detection of serum tumor markers (CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242) is conducive to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The combination of miR-16, miR-196a and CA19-9 plasma level was more effective, especially in early tumor screening. Furthermore, recent studies reported that mainly miR-21, miR-155 and miR-196 were dysregulated in IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms) and PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions, suggesting their usefulness as early biomarkers of these diseases. The reduced rate of apoptosis plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, and it is one of the most important characteristics acquired by pancreatic cancer cells, which protects them from attack by the immune system and reduces the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment. This review summarizes the data concerning the clinical utility of selected biomarkers in pancreatic cancer patients. The review mainly focuses on the genetic aspects of signaling pathway disorders associated with apoptosis in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Słotwiński
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Chung S, Kijima K, Kudo A, Fujisawa Y, Harada Y, Taira A, Takamatsu N, Miyamoto T, Matsuo Y, Nakamura Y. Preclinical evaluation of biomarkers associated with antitumor activity of MELK inhibitor. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18171-82. [PMID: 26918358 PMCID: PMC4951280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MELK is upregulated in various types of human cancer and is known to be associated with cancer progression, maintenance of stemness, and poor prognosis. OTS167, a MELK kinase inhibitor, shows potent growth-suppressive effect on human tumors in a xenograft model, but the detailed mode of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism of action of MELK inhibitor OTS167 in a preclinical model. OTS167-treated cells caused morphological transformation, induced the differentiation markers, and reduced stem-cell marker expression. Furthermore, we identified DEPDC1, known as an oncogene, as an additional downstream molecule of the MELK signaling pathway. MELK enhanced DEPDC1 phosphorylation and its stability. The expression of MELK and downstream molecules was decreased in OTS167-treated xenograft tumor tissues, which revealed central necrosis and significant growth suppression. Our data should further shed light on the mechanism of action how OTS167 suppresses tumor growth through the inhibition of the MELK signaling pathway and suggest the possibility of biomarkers for the assessment of clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoun Chung
- OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kijima
- OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aiko Kudo
- OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Harada
- OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Taira
- OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yo Matsuo
- OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Modi S, Kir D, Banerjee S, Saluja A. Control of Apoptosis in Treatment and Biology of Pancreatic Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016. [PMID: 26206252 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is estimated to be the 12th most common cancer in the United States in 2014 and yet this malignancy is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Late detection and resistance to therapy are the major causes for its dismal prognosis. Apoptosis is an actively orchestrated cell death mechanism that serves to maintain tissue homoeostasis. Cancer develops from normal cells by accruing significant changes through one or more mechanisms, leading to DNA damage and mutations, which in a normal cell would induce this programmed cell death pathway. As a result, evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. PDAC is notoriously resistant to apoptosis, thereby explaining its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatment modalities. The current review is focus on understanding different intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in pancreatic cancer that may affect apoptosis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Modi
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Devika Kir
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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40
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Generation of self-clusters of galectin-1 in the farnesyl-bound form. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32999. [PMID: 27624845 PMCID: PMC5021961 DOI: 10.1038/srep32999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras protein is involved in a signal transduction cascade in cell growth, and cluster formation of H-Ras and human galectin-1 (Gal-1) complex is considered to be crucial to achieve its physiological roles. It is considered that the complex is formed through interactions between Gal-1 and the farnesyl group (farnesyl-dependent model), post-translationally modified to the C-terminal Cys, of H-Ras. We investigated the role of farnesyl-bound Gal-1 in the cluster formation by analyzing the structure and properties of Gal-1 bound to farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (FTS), a competitive inhibitor of the binding of H-Ras to Gal-1. Gal-1 exhibited self-cluster formation upon interaction with FTS, and small- and large-size clusters were formed depending on FTS concentration. The galactoside-binding pocket of Gal-1 in the FTS-bound form was found to play an important role in small-size cluster formation. Large-size clusters were likely formed by the interaction among the hydrophobic sites of Gal-1 in the FTS-bound form. The present results indicate that Gal-1 in the FTS-bound form has the ability to form self-clusters as well as intrinsic lectin activity. Relevance of the self-clustering of FTS-bound Gal-1 to the cluster formation of the H-Ras–Gal-1complex was discussed by taking account of the farnesyl-dependent model and another (Raf-dependent) model.
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41
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Wu X, Cao Y, Xiao H, Li C, Lin J. Bazedoxifene as a Novel GP130 Inhibitor for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2609-2619. [PMID: 27535971 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The IL6/GP130/STAT3 pathway is crucial for tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, and presents as a viable target for cancer therapy. We reported Bazedoxifene, which is approved as a selective estrogen modulator by FDA, as a novel inhibitor of IL6/GP130 protein-protein interactions using multiple ligand simultaneous docking and drug repositioning approaches. STAT3 is one of the major downstream effectors of IL6/GP130. Here, we observed Bazedoxifene inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 DNA binding, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth in pancreatic cancer cells with persistent IL6/GP130/STAT3 signaling in vitro and in vivo In addition, IL6, but not INFγ, rescued Bazedoxifene-mediated reduction of cell viability. Bazedoxifene also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL6 and IL11, but not by OSM or STAT1 phosphorylation induced by INFγ in pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that Bazedoxifene inhibits the GP130/STAT3 pathway mediated by IL6 and IL11. Furthermore, Bazedoxifene combined with paclitaxel or gemcitabine synergistically inhibited cell viability and cell migration in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that Bazedoxifene is a potential agent and can generate synergism when combined with conventional chemotherapy in human pancreatic cancer cells and tumor xenograft in mice. Therefore, our results support that Bazedoxifene as a novel inhibitor of GP130 signaling and may be a potential and safe therapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2609-19. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Romeo C, Weber MC, Zarei M, DeCicco D, Chand SN, Lobo AD, Winter JM, Sawicki JA, Sachs JN, Meisner-Kober N, Yeo CJ, Vadigepalli R, Tykocinski ML, Brody JR. HuR Contributes to TRAIL Resistance by Restricting Death Receptor 4 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:599-611. [PMID: 27053682 PMCID: PMC5312260 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal cancers, in part, due to resistance to both conventional and targeted therapeutics. TRAIL directly induces apoptosis through engagement of cell surface Death Receptors (DR4 and DR5), and has been explored as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Clinical trials with recombinant TRAIL and DR-targeting agents, however, have failed to show overall positive outcomes. Herein, we identify a novel TRAIL resistance mechanism governed by Hu antigen R (HuR, ELAV1), a stress-response protein abundant and functional in PDA cells. Exogenous HuR overexpression in TRAIL-sensitive PDA cell lines increases TRAIL resistance whereas silencing HuR in TRAIL-resistant PDA cells, by siRNA oligo-transfection, decreases TRAIL resistance. PDA cell exposure to soluble TRAIL induces HuR translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that HuR interacts with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of DR4 mRNA. Pre-treatment of PDA cells with MS-444 (Novartis), an established small molecule inhibitor of HuR, substantially increased DR4 and DR5 cell surface levels and enhanced TRAIL sensitivity, further validating HuR's role in affecting TRAIL apoptotic resistance. NanoString analyses on the transcriptome of TRAIL-exposed PDA cells identified global HuR-mediated increases in antiapoptotic processes. Taken together, these data extend HuR's role as a key regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. IMPLICATIONS Discovery of an important new HuR-mediated TRAIL resistance mechanism suggests that tumor-targeted HuR inhibition increases sensitivity to TRAIL-based therapeutics and supports their re-evaluation as an effective treatment for PDA patients. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 599-611. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmella Romeo
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C Weber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mahsa Zarei
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle DeCicco
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angie D Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet A Sawicki
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Charles J Yeo
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark L Tykocinski
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Evidente A, Kornienko A, Lefranc F, Cimmino A, Dasari R, Evidente M, Mathieu V, Kiss R. Sesterterpenoids with Anticancer Activity. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:3502-22. [PMID: 26295461 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150821101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes have received a great deal of attention in the scientific literature due to complex, synthetically challenging structures and diverse biological activities associated with this class of natural products. Based on the number of C5 isoprene units they are generated from, terpenes are classified as hemi- (C5), mono- (C10), sesqui- (C15), di- (C20), sester- (C25), tri (C30), and tetraterpenes (C40). Among these, sesterterpenes and their derivatives known as sesterterpenoids, are ubiquitous secondary metabolites in fungi, marine organisms, and plants. Their structural diversity encompasses carbotricyclic ophiobolanes, polycyclic anthracenones, polycyclic furan-2-ones, polycyclic hydroquinones, among many other carbon skeletons. Furthermore, many of them possess promising biological activities including cytotoxicity and the associated potential as anticancer agents. This review discusses the natural sources that produce sesterterpenoids, provides sesterterpenoid names and their chemical structures, biological properties with the focus on anticancer activities and literature references associated with these metabolites. A critical summary of the potential of various sesterterpenoids as anticancer agents concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Cheng X, Kim JY, Ghafoory S, Duvaci T, Rafiee R, Theobald J, Alborzinia H, Holenya P, Fredebohm J, Merz KH, Mehrabi A, Hafezi M, Saffari A, Eisenbrand G, Hoheisel JD, Wölfl S. Methylisoindigo preferentially kills cancer stem cells by interfering cell metabolism via inhibition of LKB1 and activation of AMPK in PDACs. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:806-24. [PMID: 26887594 PMCID: PMC5423166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinically has a very poor prognosis. No small molecule is available to reliably achieve cures. Meisoindigo is chemically related to the natural product indirubin and showed substantial efficiency in clinical chemotherapy for CML in China. However, its effect on PDAC is still unknown. Our results showed strong anti-proliferation effect of meisoindigo on gemcitabine-resistant PDACs. Using a recently established primary PDAC cell line, called Jopaca-1 with a larger CSCs population as model, we observed a reduction of CD133+ and ESA+/CD44+/CD24+ populations upon treatment and concomitantly a decreased expression of CSC-associated genes, and reduced cellular mobility and sphere formation. Investigating basic cellular metabolic responses, we detected lower oxygen consumption and glucose uptake, while intracellular ROS levels increased. This was effectively neutralized by the addition of antioxidants, indicating an essential role of the cellular redox balance. Further analysis on energy metabolism related signaling revealed that meisoindigo inhibited LKB1, but activated AMPK. Both of them were involved in cellular apoptosis. Additional in situ hybridization in tissue sections of PDAC patients reproducibly demonstrated co-expression and -localization of LKB1 and CD133 in malignant areas. Finally, we detected that CD133+/CD44+ were more vulnerable to meisoindigo, which could be mimicked by LKB1 siRNAs. Our results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that LKB1 sustains the CSC population in PDACs and demonstrate a clear benefit of meisoindigo in treatment of gemcitabine-resistant cells. This novel mechanism may provide a promising new treatment option for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Shahrouz Ghafoory
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tijen Duvaci
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roya Rafiee
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jannick Theobald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pavlo Holenya
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fredebohm
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Mohammadreza Hafezi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Arash Saffari
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Morimoto M, Matsuo Y, Koide S, Tsuboi K, Shamoto T, Sato T, Saito K, Takahashi H, Takeyama H. Enhancement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis due to acquisition of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer: effect of CXCR4 antagonists. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:305. [PMID: 27175473 PMCID: PMC4866076 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis in malignant tumor biology has increased in importance, and these peptides are implicated in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The aim of our study was to examine the important role of the axis in pancreatic cancer (PaCa) cells' relationship with stromal cells in gemcitabine-resistant (GEM-R) tumors and to confirm the effectiveness of CXCR4 antagonists for the treatment of GEM-R PaCa cells. METHODS We established two GEM-R PaCa cell lines using MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells. The expression of CXCR4 mRNA in PaCa cells and the expression of CXCL12 mRNA in fibroblasts were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of CXCR4 protein in PaCa cells was examined by immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunocytochemistry. Using Matrigel invasion assays and animal studies, we then examined the effects of two CXCR4 antagonists, AMD11070 and KRH3955, on the invasiveness and tumorigenicity of GEM-R PaCa cells stimulated by CXCL12. RESULTS We found that the expression of CXCR4 in GEM-R PaCa cells was significantly enhanced by GEM but not in normal GEM-sensitive (GEM-S) PaCa cells. In RT-PCR and ELISA assays, the production and secretion of CXCL12 from fibroblasts was significantly enhanced by co-culturing with GEM-R PaCa cells treated with GEM. In Matrigel invasion assays, the invasiveness of GEM-R PaCa cells treated with GEM was significantly activated by fibroblast-derived CXCL12 and was significantly inhibited by CXCR4 antagonists, AMD11070 and KRH3955. In vivo, the tumorigenicity of GEM-R PaCa cells was activated by GEM, and it was significantly inhibited by the addition with CXCR4 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis plays an important role in PaCa cells' resistance to GEM. CXCR4 expression was significantly enhanced by the exposure to GEM in GEM-R PaCa cells but not in GEM-S PaCa cells. Furthermore, CXCR4 antagonists can inhibit the growth and invasion of GEM-R PaCa cells. These agents may be useful as second-line chemotherapy for GEM-R PaCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Morimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shuji Koide
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoya Shamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Targeted Delivery of C/EBPα -saRNA by Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-specific RNA Aptamers Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1106-1116. [PMID: 26983359 PMCID: PMC4923325 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains dismal despite current chemotherapeutic agents and inhibitors of molecular targets. As the incidence of PDAC constantly increases, more effective multidrug approaches must be made. Here, we report a novel method of delivering antitumorigenic therapy in PDAC by upregulating the transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), recognized for its antiproliferative effects. Small activating RNA (saRNA) duplexes designed to increase C/EBPα expression were linked onto PDAC-specific 2′-Fluropyrimidine RNA aptamers (2′F-RNA) - P19 and P1 for construction of a cell type–specific delivery vehicle. Both P19- and P1-C/EBPα-saRNA conjugates increased expression of C/EBPα and significantly suppressed cell proliferation. Tail vein injection of the saRNA/aptamer conjugates in PANC-1 and in gemcitabine-resistant AsPC-1 mouse-xenografts led to reduced tumor size with no observed toxicity. To exploit the specificity of the P19/P1 aptamers for PDAC cells, we also assessed if conjugation with Cy3 would allow it to be used as a diagnostic tool on archival human pancreatic duodenectomy tissue sections. Scoring pattern from 72 patients suggested a positive correlation between high fluorescent signal in the high mortality patient groups. We propose a novel aptamer-based strategy for delivery of targeted molecular therapy in advanced PDAC where current modalities fail.
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Ahn DH, Williams TM, Goldstein DA, El-Rayes B, Bekaii-Saab T. Adjuvant therapy for pancreas cancer in an era of value based cancer care. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 42:10-7. [PMID: 26620819 PMCID: PMC4976619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In resected pancreas cancer, adjuvant therapy improves outcomes and is considered the standard of care for patients who recover sufficiently post operatively. Chemotherapy or combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (chemoradiation; CRT) are strategies used in the adjuvant setting. However, there is a lack of evidence to suggest whether the addition of RT to chemotherapy translates to an improvement in clinical outcomes. This is true even when accounting for the subset of patients with a higher risk for recurrence, such as those with R1 and lymph node positive disease. When considering the direct and indirect costs, impact on quality of life and questionable added clinical benefit, the true "net health benefit" from added RT to chemotherapy becomes more uncertain. Future directions, including the utilization of modern RT, integration of novel therapies, and intensifying chemotherapy regimens may improve outcomes in resected pancreas cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Ahn
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 310 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 310 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel A Goldstein
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365-C Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365-C Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 310 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, United States.
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48
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Sun L, Chua CYX, Tian W, Zhang Z, Chiao PJ, Zhang W. MicroRNA Signaling Pathway Network in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:563-577. [PMID: 26554910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered to be the most lethal and aggressive malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Their responses to current multimodal therapeutic regimens are limited. It is urgently needed to identify the molecular mechanism underlying pancreatic oncogenesis. Twelve core signaling cascades have been established critical in PDAC tumorigenesis by governing a wide variety of cellular processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in different types of tumors and play pivotal roles as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Here, we will describe how miRNAs regulate different signaling pathways that contribute to pancreatic oncogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Weijun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston 77030, USA; Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is an approved treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer; however, its role in treating resected pancreatic cancer is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence of the role of adjuvant GEM therapy on survival in resected pancreatic cancer. Four phase III randomized trials of adjuvant GEM in patients with resected pancreatic cancer were identified and the hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival were used in this meta-analysis; 2 studies compared GEM treatment with best supportive care and 2 studies with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid therapy. The pooled data (n=2017 patients) indicated that the overall survival data were homogenous among the studies (Q=4.371; I=31.37%; P=0. 224). The combined HR significantly favors GEM over the other treatments. The overall HR was 0.88 (range, 0. 720 to 0.940; P=0.014). The results indicate that GEM prolongs overall survival compared with other treatments after the resection of pancreatic cancer.
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50
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Zhao Q, Huo XC, Sun FD, Dong RQ. Polyphenol-rich extract of Salvia chinensis exhibits anticancer activity in different cancer cell lines, and induces cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁-phase, apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4843-50. [PMID: 26165362 PMCID: PMC4581742 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive types of human malignancy, which has an overall 5-year survival rate of <2%. PC is the fourth most common cause of cancer‑associated mortality in the western world. At present, there is almost no effective treatment available for the treatment of PC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer potential of a polyphenol enriched extract obtained from Salvia chinensis, a Chinese medicinal plant. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability of five cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. In addition, the effects of the extract on apoptotic induction, cell cycle phase distribution, DNA damage and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΛΨm) were evaluated in MiapaCa‑2 human PC cells. The effects of the extract on cell cycle phase distribution and ΛΨm were assessed by flow cytometry, using propidium iodide and rhodamine‑123 DNA‑binding fluorescent dyes, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy, using 4',6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole as a staining agent, was performed in order to detect the morphological changes of the MiapaCa‑2 cancer cells and the presence of apoptotic bodies following treatment with the extract. The results of the present study demonstrated that the polyphenol‑rich extract from S. chinensis induced potent cytotoxicity in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells, A549 human lung cancer cells, HCT‑116 and COLO 205 human colon cancer cells, and MiapaCa‑2 human PC cells. The Colo 205 and MCF‑7 cancer cell lines were the most susceptible to treatment with the extract, which exhibited increased rate of growth inhibition. Fluorescence microscopy revealed characteristic morphological features of apoptosis and detected the appearance of apoptotic bodies following treatment with the extract in the PC cells. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the extract induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, treatment with the extract induced a significant and concentration-dependent reduction in the ΛΨm of the PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chen Huo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Dong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Qian Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
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