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Wei Y, Tan X, Tian T, Luo X, Ren M. Ribosomal S6 kinases 2 mediates potato resistance to late blight, through WRKY59 transcription factor. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134581. [PMID: 39122078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Potato late blight is the most devastating pre- and post-harvest crop disease in the world, which is widespread and difficult to control, causing serious economic losses. Cultivating resistant varieties is a major way to prevent and control late blight in a green way. However, due to the rapid evolution of pathogens, the plant resistance is losing. Therefore, mining effective and durable genes involved in disease resistance is crucial for breeding resistant varieties against late blight. In this study, we took "potato-Phytophthora infestans" as the "host-pathogen" model system to discover the potential disease resistance-related genes and elucidate their molecular functional mechanism. Through yeast two-hybridization, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, Co-immunoprecipitation assays, and gene function validation etc., we found that ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (StS6K2) is a key resistant protein, which is interacted with StWRKY59 transcription factor. Overexpression of StS6K2 and StWRKY59 both enhanced the plants resistance to P. infestans, and promoted the host immune response, such as ROS burst and callose deposition. In OEStWRKY59 lines, DEGs involved in secondary metabolites synthesis, plant hormone signaling transduction and plant-pathogen interaction were significantly enriched. These findings provide novel genetic resources for the breeding of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610000, China; School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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2
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Lane AR, Scher NE, Bhattacharjee S, Zlatic SA, Roberts AM, Gokhale A, Singleton KS, Duong DM, McKenna M, Liu WL, Baiju A, Moctezuma FGR, Tran T, Patel AA, Clayton LB, Petris MJ, Wood LB, Patgiri A, Vrailas-Mortimer AD, Cox DN, Roberts BR, Werner E, Faundez V. Adaptive protein synthesis in genetic models of copper deficiency and childhood neurodegeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.09.612106. [PMID: 39314281 PMCID: PMC11419079 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.612106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Rare inherited diseases caused by mutations in the copper transporters SLC31A1 (CTR1) or ATP7A induce copper deficiency in the brain and throughout the body, causing seizures and neurodegeneration in infancy. The mechanistic underpinnings of such neuropathology remains unclear. Here, we characterized the molecular mechanisms by which neuronal cells respond to copper depletion in multiple genetic model systems. Targeted deletion of CTR1 in neuroblastoma clonal cell lines produced copper deficiency that was associated with compromised copper-dependent Golgi and mitochondrial enzymes and a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed simultaneous upregulation of mTORC1 and S6K signaling, along with reduced PERK signaling in CTR1 KO cells. Patterns of gene and protein expression and pharmacogenomics show increased activation of the mTORC1-S6K pathway as a pro-survival mechanism, ultimately resulting in increased protein synthesis as measured by puromycin labeling. These effects of copper depletion were corroborated by spatial transcriptomic profiling of the cerebellum of Atp7a flx/Y :: Vil1 Cre/+ mice, in which copper-deficient Purkinje cells exhibited upregulated protein synthesis machinery and expression of mTORC1-S6K pathway genes. We tested whether increased activity of mTOR in copper-deficient neurons was adaptive or deleterious by genetic epistasis experiments in Drosophila . Copper deficiency dendritic phenotypes in class IV neurons are partially rescued by increased S6k expression or 4E-BP1 (Thor) RNAi, while epidermis phenotypes are exacerbated by Akt, S6k, or raptor RNAi. Overall, we demonstrate that increased mTORC1-S6K pathway activation and protein synthesis is an adaptive mechanism by which neuronal cells respond to copper depletion. Significance Statement Copper dysregulation is present in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neurological conditions ranging from rare conditions such as Menkes disease and CTR1 deficiency to more common diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms through which copper deficiency leads to pathology and the survival mechanisms by which the brain exhibits resilience remain unknown. We demonstrate that in a human cell line, Drosophila , and the mouse cerebellum, copper-depleted neuronal cells exhibit increased protein synthesis through two distinct signaling pathways: mTORC1 activation and decreased PERK (EIF2AK3) activity. This upregulation of protein synthesis facilitates resilience of neuronal cells to copper deficiency, including partial restoration of dendritic arborization. Our findings offer a new framework for understanding copper deficiency-related pathology in neurological disorders.
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3
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Chen H, Wang W, Chang S, Huang X, Wang N. A useful mTORC1 signaling-related RiskScore model for the personalized treatment of osteosarcoma patients by using the bulk RNA-seq analysis. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:418. [PMID: 39251459 PMCID: PMC11383908 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This research developed a prognostic model for OS patients based on the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) signature. BACKGROUND The mTORC1 signaling pathway has a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis and development through the regulation of cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. However, the mechanism of action of this signaling pathway in Osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The datasets including the TARGET-OS and GSE39058, and 200 mTORC1 genes were collected. METHODS The mTORC1 signaling-related genes were obtained based on the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) database, and the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was utilized in order to calculate the mTORC1 score. Then, the WGCNA were performed for the mTORC1-correlated gene module, the un/multivariate and lasso Cox regression analysis were conducted for the RiskScore model. The immune infiltration analysis was performed by using the ssGSEA method, ESTIMATE tool and MCP-Count algorithm. KM survival and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis were performed by using the survival and timeROC package. RESULTS The mTORC1 score and WGCNA with β = 5 screened the mTORC1 positively correlated skyblue2 module that included 67 genes, which are also associated with the metabolism and hypoxia pathways. Further narrowing of candidate genes and calculating the regression coefficient, we developed a useful and reliable RiskScore model, which can classify the patients in the training and validation set into high and low-risk groups based on the median value of RiskScore as an independent and robust prognostic factor. High-risk patients had a significantly poor prognosis, lower immune infiltration level of multiple immune cells and prone to cancer metastasis. Finally, we a nomogram model incorporating the metastasis features and RiskScore showed excellent prediction accuracy and clinical practicability. CONCLUSION We developed a useful and reliable risk prognosis model based on the mTORC1 signaling signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Shichuan Chang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Papayova M, Warren E, Pears CJ. mTORC1 pathway activity biases cell fate choice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20832. [PMID: 39242621 PMCID: PMC11379915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into distinct cell types but the intracellular pathways controlling cell fate choice are not well understood. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a simplified system to study choice preference as proliferating amoebae enter a developmental cycle upon starvation and differentiate into two major cell types, stalk and spores, organised in a multicellular fruiting body. Factors such as acidic vesicle pH predispose amoebae to one fate. Here we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway has a role in cell fate bias in Dictyostelium. Inhibiting the mTORC1 pathway activity by disruption of Rheb (activator Ras homolog enriched in brain), or treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin prior to development, biases cells to a spore cell fate. Conversely activation of the pathway favours stalk cell differentiation. The Set1 histone methyltransferase, responsible for histone H3 lysine4 methylation, in Dictyostelium cells regulates transcription at the onset of development. Disruption of Set1 leads to high mTORC1 pathway activity and stalk cell predisposition. The ability of the mTORC1 pathway to regulate cell fate bias of cells undergoing differentiation offers a potential target to increase the efficiency of stem cell differentiation into a particular cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Monika Papayova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Eleanor Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Catherine J Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Ndunguru SF, Reda GK, Csernus B, Knop R, Lugata JK, Szabó C, Lendvai ÁZ, Czeglédi L. Embryonic Leucine Promotes Early Postnatal Growth via mTOR Signalling in Japanese Quails. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2596. [PMID: 39272381 PMCID: PMC11394045 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional cues during embryonic development can alter developmental trajectories and affect postnatal growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which nutrients influence avian growth remain largely unknown. Amino acids can directly interact with the nutrient-sensing pathways, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which are known to regulate growth. We examined the effects of embryonic leucine on gene expression and phenotypic growth in Japanese quails by injecting 2.5 mg leucine or saline (control) into Japanese quail eggs on the tenth day of incubation and incubating them under standard conditions. The treatment groups had similar hatching success and size at hatching. However, between 3 and 7 days post-hatching, quails treated with embryonic leucine showed increased growth in body mass and wing, tarsus, head, and intestinal lengths, lasting up to 21 days. The hepatic expression of IGF1, IGF1R, mTOR, and RPS6K1 was upregulated in leucine-treated quails, while the expression of FOXO1 remained unaffected. In conclusion, a subtle increase in embryonic leucine may induce developmental programming effects in Japanese quail by interacting with the IGF-1/mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway to promote growth. This study highlights the role of embryonic amino acids as crucial nutrients for enhancing growth. It provides valuable insight into nutrient intervention strategies during embryonic development to potentially improve poultry growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawadi F Ndunguru
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gebrehaweria K Reda
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Knop
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - James K Lugata
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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6
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Ramalho S, Dopler A, Faller W. Ribosome specialization in cancer: a spotlight on ribosomal proteins. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae029. [PMID: 38989007 PMCID: PMC11231584 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, our view of ribosomes has changed substantially. Rather than passive machines without significant variability, it is now acknowledged that they are heterogeneous, and have direct regulatory capacity. This 'ribosome heterogeneity' comes in many flavors, including in both the RNA and protein components of ribosomes, so there are many paths through which ribosome specialization could arise. It is easy to imagine that specialized ribosomes could have wide physiological roles, through the translation of specific mRNA populations, and there is now evidence for this in several contexts. Translation is highly dysregulated in cancer, needed to support oncogenic phenotypes and to overcome cellular stress. However, the role of ribosome specialization in this is not clear. In this review we focus on specialized ribosomes in cancer. Specifically, we assess the impact that post-translational modifications and differential ribosome incorporation of ribosomal proteins (RPs) have in this disease. We focus on studies that have shown a ribosome-mediated change in translation of specific mRNA populations, and hypothesize how such a process could be driving other phenotypes. We review the impact of RP-mediated heterogeneity in both intrinsic and extrinsic oncogenic processes, and consider how this knowledge could be leveraged to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ramalho
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Dopler
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - William James Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Bchetnia M, Powell J, McCuaig C, Boucher-Lafleur AM, Morin C, Dupéré A, Laprise C. Pathological Mechanisms Involved in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9495. [PMID: 39273442 PMCID: PMC11394917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of mechanobullous diseases characterized by non-scarring blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes upon mechanical trauma. The simplex form (EBS) is characterized by recurrent blister formation within the basal layer of the epidermis. It most often results from dominant mutations in the genes coding for keratin (K) 5 or 14 proteins (KRT5 and KRT14). A disruptive mutation in KRT5 or KRT14 will not only structurally impair the cytoskeleton, but it will also activate a cascade of biochemical mechanisms contributing to EBS. Skin lesions are painful and disfiguring and have a significant impact on life quality. Several gene expression studies were accomplished on mouse model and human keratinocytes to define the gene expression signature of EBS. Several key genes associated with EBS were identified as specific immunological mediators, keratins, and cell junction components. These data deepened the understanding of the EBS pathophysiology and revealed important functional biological processes, particularly inflammation. This review emphasizes the three EBS subtypes caused by dominant mutations on either KRT5 or KRT14 (localized, intermediate, and severe). It aims to summarize current knowledge about the EBS expression profiling pattern and predicted molecular mechanisms involved and to outline progress in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarka Bchetnia
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Anne-Marie Boucher-Lafleur
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Charles Morin
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Hôpital Universitaire de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Audrey Dupéré
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Hôpital Universitaire de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
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8
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Mohammed Abdul KS, Han K, Guerrero AB, Wilson CN, Kulkarni A, Purcell NH. Increased PHLPP1 expression through ERK-4E-BP1 signaling axis drives nicotine induced oxidative stress related damage of cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:100-112. [PMID: 38851627 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, a key constituent of tobacco/electronic cigarettes causes cardiovascular injury and mortality. Nicotine is known to induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes leading to cell death. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) is a member of metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family and is known to dephosphorylate several AGC family kinases and thereby regulate a diverse set of cellular functions including cell growth, survival, and death. Our lab has previously demonstrated that PHLPP1 removal reduced cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction following injury. Here, we present a novel finding that nicotine exposure significantly increased PHLPP1 protein expression in the adolescent rodent heart. Building upon our in vivo finding, we determined the mechanism of PHLPP1 expression in cardiomyocytes. Nicotine significantly increased PHLPP1 protein expression without altering PHLPP2 in cardiomyocytes. In cardiomyocytes, nicotine significantly increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which coincided with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis which were dependent on PHLPP1 expression. PHLPP1 expression was both necessary and sufficient for nicotine induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, nicotine activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and subsequent eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) to increase PHLPP1 protein expression. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) and 4EGI-1 abolished nicotine induced PHLPP1 protein expression. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 activity by U0126 significantly blocked nicotine induced PHLPP1 expression. Overall, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which nicotine regulates PHLPP1 expression through ERK-4E-BP1 signaling axis to drive cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimin Han
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Alyssa B Guerrero
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Cekia N Wilson
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Cardiovascular Signaling Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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9
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Wu S, Zhang J, Chen S, Zhou X, Liu Y, Hua H, Qi X, Mao Y, Young KH, Lu T. Low NDRG2, regulated by the MYC/MIZ-1 complex and methylation, predicts poor outcomes in DLBCL patients. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2877-2892. [PMID: 38842567 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common tumor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor highly expressed in healthy tissues but downregulated in many cancers. Although cell proliferation-related metabolism rewiring has been well characterized, less is known about the mechanism of metabolic changes with DLBCL. Herein, we investigated the expressions of NDRG2, MYC and Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (MIZ-1) in seven human lymphoma (mostly DLBCLs) cell lines. NDRG2 expression was inversely correlated with the expressions of MYC and MIZ-1. Further, we explored the regulatory mechanism and biological functions underlying the lymphomagenesis involving NDRG2, MYC and MIZ-1. MYC and MIZ-1 promoted DLBCL cell proliferation, while NDRG2 induced apoptosis in LY8 cells. Moreover, NDRG2 methylation was reversed by the 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CDR) treatment, triggering the downregulation of MYC and inhibiting DLBCL cell survival. MYC interacts with NDRG2 to regulate energy metabolism associated with mTOR. Remarkably, supporting the biological significance, the converse correlation between NDRG2 and MYC was observed in human DLBCL tumor tissues (R = -0.557). Bioinformatics analysis further validated the association among NDRG2, MYC, MIZ-1, mTOR, and related metabolism genes. Additionally, NDRG2 (P = 0.001) and MYC (P < 0.001) were identified as promising prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL patients through survival analysis. Together, our data demonstrate that the MYC/MIZ-1 complex interplays with NDRG2 to influence the proliferation and apoptosis of DLBCL cells and show the characterizations of NDRG2, MYC and MIZ-1 for metabolism features and prediction prognosis in DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Prognosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Middle Aged
- DNA Methylation
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Aged
- Cell Proliferation
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yankui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Hua
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tingxun Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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10
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Watanabe M, Tsugeno Y, Sato T, Higashide M, Umetsu A, Furuhashi M, Ohguro H. Inhibition of mTOR differently modulates planar and subepithelial fibrogenesis in human conjunctival fibroblasts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06481-2. [PMID: 39042147 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current investigation, the effects of the mTOR inhibitors, Rapa and Torin1 on the TGF-β2-induced conjunctival fibrogenesis were studied. STUDY DESIGN Experimental research. METHODS 2D and 3D cultures of HconF were subjected to the following analyses; (1) planar proliferation evaluated by TEER (2D), (2) Seahorse metabolic analyses (2D), (3) subepithelial proliferation evaluated by the 3D spheroids' size and hardness, and (4) the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and their regulators (2D and 3D). RESULT Rapa or Torin1 both significantly increased planar proliferation in the non-TGF-β2-treated 2D HconF cells, but in the TGF-β2-treated cells, this proliferation was inhibited by Rapa and enhanced by Torin1. Although Rapa or Torin1 did not affect cellular metabolism in the non-TGF-β2-treated HconF cells, mTOR inhibitors significantly decreased and increased the mitochondrial respiration and the glycolytic capacity, respectively, under conditions of TGF-β2-induced fibrogenesis. Subepithelial proliferation, as evidenced by the hardness of the 3D spheroids, was markedly down-regulated by both Rapa and Torin1 independent of TGF-β2. The mRNA expressions of several ECM molecules and their regulators fluctuated in the cases of 2D vs 3D and TGF-β2 untreated vs treated cultures. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that mTOR inhibitors have the ability to increase and to reduce planar and subepithelial proliferation in HconF cells, depending on the inhibitor being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Yuri Tsugeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
- Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan.
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11
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Kitai H, Choi PH, Yang YC, Boyer JA, Whaley A, Pancholi P, Thant C, Reiter J, Chen K, Markov V, Taniguchi H, Yamaguchi R, Ebi H, Evans J, Jiang J, Lee B, Wildes D, de Stanchina E, Smith JAM, Singh M, Rosen N. Combined inhibition of KRAS G12C and mTORC1 kinase is synergistic in non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6076. [PMID: 39025835 PMCID: PMC11258147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Current KRASG12C (OFF) inhibitors that target inactive GDP-bound KRASG12C cause responses in less than half of patients and these responses are not durable. A class of RASG12C (ON) inhibitors that targets active GTP-bound KRASG12C blocks ERK signaling more potently than the inactive-state inhibitors. Sensitivity to either class of agents is strongly correlated with inhibition of mTORC1 activity. We have previously shown that PI3K/mTOR and ERK-signaling pathways converge on key cellular processes and that inhibition of both pathways is required for inhibition of these processes and for significant antitumor activity. We find here that the combination of a KRASG12C inhibitor with a selective mTORC1 kinase inhibitor causes synergistic inhibition of Cyclin D1 expression and cap-dependent translation. Moreover, BIM upregulation by KRASG12C inhibition and inhibition of MCL-1 expression by the mTORC1 inhibitor are both required to induce significant cell death. In vivo, this combination causes deep, durable tumor regressions and is well tolerated. This study suggests that the ERK and PI3K/mTOR pathways each mitigate the effects of inhibition of the other and that combinatorial inhibition is a potential strategy for treating KRASG12C-dependent lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kitai
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip H Choi
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu C Yang
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jacob A Boyer
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adele Whaley
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Pancholi
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Thant
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Reiter
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Markov
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - James Evans
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Bianca Lee
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - David Wildes
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
| | - Neal Rosen
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Sen MG, Sanislav O, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ. The Multifaceted Interactions of Dictyostelium Atg1 with Mitochondrial Function, Endocytosis, Growth, and Development. Cells 2024; 13:1191. [PMID: 39056773 PMCID: PMC11274416 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative recycling process central to the maintenance of homeostasis in all eukaryotes. By ensuring the degradation of damaged mitochondria, it plays a key role in maintaining mitochondrial health and function. Of the highly conserved autophagy proteins, autophagy-related protein 1 (Atg1) is essential to the process. The involvement of these proteins in intracellular signalling pathways, including those involving mitochondrial function, are still being elucidated. Here the role of Atg1 was investigated in the simple model organism Dictyostelium discoideum using an atg1 null mutant and mutants overexpressing or antisense-inhibiting atg1. When evaluated against the well-characterised outcomes of mitochondrial dysfunction in this model, altered atg1 expression resulted in an unconventional set of phenotypic outcomes in growth, endocytosis, multicellular development, and mitochondrial homeostasis. The findings here show that Atg1 is involved in a tightly regulated signal transduction pathway coordinating energy-consuming processes such as cell growth and multicellular development, along with nutrient status and energy production. Furthermore, Atg1's effects on energy homeostasis indicate a peripheral ancillary role in the mitochondrial signalling network, with effects on energy balance rather than direct effects on electron transport chain function. Further research is required to tease out these complex networks. Nevertheless, this study adds further evidence to the theory that autophagy and mitochondrial signalling are not opposing but rather linked, yet strictly controlled, homeostatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne 3086, Australia; (M.G.S.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
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13
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Smart A, Gilmer O, Caliskan N. Translation Inhibition Mediated by Interferon-Stimulated Genes during Viral Infections. Viruses 2024; 16:1097. [PMID: 39066259 PMCID: PMC11281336 DOI: 10.3390/v16071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses often pose a significant threat to the host through the exploitation of cellular machineries for their own benefit. In the context of immune responses, myriad host factors are deployed to target viral RNAs and inhibit viral protein translation, ultimately hampering viral replication. Understanding how "non-self" RNAs interact with the host translation machinery and trigger immune responses would help in the development of treatment strategies for viral infections. In this review, we explore how interferon-stimulated gene products interact with viral RNA and the translation machinery in order to induce either global or targeted translation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Smart
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HIRI-HZI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Orian Gilmer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HIRI-HZI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Neva Caliskan
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HIRI-HZI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.S.); (O.G.)
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Al-Lamki RS, Tolkovsky AM, Alawwami M, Lu W, Field SF, Wang J, Pober JS, Bradley JR. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-2 Signals Clear-Cell Renal Carcinoma Proliferation via Phosphorylated 4E Binding Protein-1 and Mitochondrial Gene Translation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1374-1387. [PMID: 38537932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a tubular epithelial malignancy, secretes tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which signals ccRCC cells in an autocrine manner via two cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, to activate shared and distinct signaling pathways. Selective ligation of TNFR2 drives cell cycle entry of malignant cells via a signaling pathway involving epithelial tyrosine kinase, vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor type 2, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Akt, pSer727-Stat3, and mammalian target of rapamycin. In this study, phosphorylated 4E binding protein-1 (4EBP1) serine 65 (pSer65-4EBP1) was identified as a downstream target of this TNFR2 signaling pathway. pSer65-4EBP1 expression was significantly elevated relative to total 4EBP1 in ccRCC tissue compared with that in normal kidneys, with signal intensity increasing with malignant grade. Selective ligation of TNFR2 with the TNFR2-specific mutein increased pSer65-4EBP1 expression in organ cultures that co-localized with internalized TNFR2 in mitochondria and increased expression of mitochondrially encoded COX (cytochrome c oxidase subunit) Cox1, as well as nuclear-encoded Cox4/5b subunits. Pharmacologic inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin reduced both TNFR2-specific mutein-mediated phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and cell cycle activation in tumor cells while increasing cell death. These results signify the importance of pSer65-4EBP1 in mediating TNFR2-driven cell-cycle entry in tumor cells in ccRCC and implicate a novel relationship between the TNFR2/pSer65-4EBP1/COX axis and mitochondrial function.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia S Al-Lamki
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Alawwami
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - WanHua Lu
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah F Field
- Dementia Research Institute, Island Research Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Koli S, Shetty S. Ribosomal dormancy at the nexus of ribosome homeostasis and protein synthesis. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300247. [PMID: 38769702 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dormancy or hibernation is a non-proliferative state of cells with low metabolic activity and gene expression. Dormant cells sequester ribosomes in a translationally inactive state, called dormant/hibernating ribosomes. These dormant ribosomes are important for the preservation of ribosomes and translation shut-off. While recent studies attempted to elucidate their modes of formation, the regulation and roles of the diverse dormant ribosomal populations are still largely understudied. The mechanistic details of the formation of dormant ribosomes in stress and especially their disassembly during recovery remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the roles of dormant ribosomes and their potential regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight the paradigms that need to be answered in the field of ribosomal dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Koli
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sunil Shetty
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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16
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Harasimov K, Gorry RL, Welp LM, Penir SM, Horokhovskyi Y, Cheng S, Takaoka K, Stützer A, Frombach AS, Taylor Tavares AL, Raabe M, Haag S, Saha D, Grewe K, Schipper V, Rizzoli SO, Urlaub H, Liepe J, Schuh M. The maintenance of oocytes in the mammalian ovary involves extreme protein longevity. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1124-1138. [PMID: 38902423 PMCID: PMC11252011 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Women are born with all of their oocytes. The oocyte proteome must be maintained with minimal damage throughout the woman's reproductive life, and hence for decades. Here we report that oocyte and ovarian proteostasis involves extreme protein longevity. Mouse ovaries had more extremely long-lived proteins than other tissues, including brain. These long-lived proteins had diverse functions, including in mitochondria, the cytoskeleton, chromatin and proteostasis. The stable proteins resided not only in oocytes but also in long-lived ovarian somatic cells. Our data suggest that mammals increase protein longevity and enhance proteostasis by chaperones and cellular antioxidants to maintain the female germline for long periods. Indeed, protein aggregation in oocytes did not increase with age and proteasome activity did not decay. However, increasing protein longevity cannot fully block female germline senescence. Large-scale proteome profiling of ~8,890 proteins revealed a decline in many long-lived proteins of the proteostasis network in the aging ovary, accompanied by massive proteome remodeling, which eventually leads to female fertility decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Harasimov
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca L Gorry
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luisa M Welp
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Mae Penir
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yehor Horokhovskyi
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shiya Cheng
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katsuyoshi Takaoka
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Alexandra Stützer
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Frombach
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Lisa Taylor Tavares
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Raabe
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sara Haag
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translation Alliance Lower Saxony, Hannover, Braunschweig, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Debojit Saha
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department for Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vera Schipper
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department for Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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17
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Wu X, Yuan H, Wu Q, Gao Y, Duan T, Yang K, Huang T, Wang S, Yuan F, Lee D, Taori S, Plute T, Heissel S, Alwaseem H, Isay-Del Viscio M, Molina H, Agnihotri S, Hsu DJ, Zhang N, Rich JN. Threonine fuels glioblastoma through YRDC-mediated codon-biased translational reprogramming. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:1024-1044. [PMID: 38519786 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancers commonly reprogram translation and metabolism, but little is known about how these two features coordinate in cancer stem cells. Here we show that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) display elevated protein translation. To dissect underlying mechanisms, we performed a CRISPR screen and identified YRDC as the top essential transfer RNA (tRNA) modification enzyme in GSCs. YRDC catalyzes the formation of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) on ANN-decoding tRNA species (A denotes adenosine, and N denotes any nucleotide). Targeting YRDC reduced t6A formation, suppressed global translation and inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Threonine is an essential substrate of YRDC. Threonine accumulated in GSCs, which facilitated t6A formation through YRDC and shifted the proteome to support mitosis-related genes with ANN codon bias. Dietary threonine restriction (TR) reduced tumor t6A formation, slowed xenograft growth and augmented anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and anti-mitotic therapy, providing a molecular basis for a dietary intervention in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujia Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huairui Yuan
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yixin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Duan
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tengfei Huang
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fanen Yuan
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Suchet Taori
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tritan Plute
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- Proteomics Resource Center, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis J Hsu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Zou J, Wu B, Tao Y, Liu Z, Zhao H, Wang P, Liang Y, Qu J, Zhang S. Inhibition of the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1 /4E-BP1 axis attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibrotic response in human Tenon's fibroblasts. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109927. [PMID: 38750784 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Subconjunctival fibrosis is the major cause of failure in both conventional and modern minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs) with subconjunctival filtration. The search for safe and effective anti-fibrotic agents is critical for improving long-term surgical outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibiting the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis on the transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)-induced fibrotic responses in human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs), as well as in a rat model of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). Primary cultured HTFs were treated with 3 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h, followed by treatment with 10 μM CZ415 for additional 24 h. Rapamycin (10 μM) was utilized as a control for mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling insensitivity. The expression levels of fibrosis-associated molecules were measured using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell migration was assessed through the scratch wound assay. Additionally, a rat model of GFS was employed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of CZ415 in vivo. Our findings indicated that both rapamycin and CZ415 treatment significantly reduced the TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, migration, and the expression of pro-fibrotic factors in HTFs. CZ415 also more effectively inhibited TGF-β1-mediated collagen synthesis in HTFs compared to rapamycin. Activation of mTORC1/4E-BP signaling following TGF-β1 exposure was highly suppressed by CZ415 but was only modestly inhibited by rapamycin. Furthermore, CZ415 was found to decrease subconjunctival collagen deposition in rats post GFS. Our results suggest that rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling plays a critical role in TGF-β1-driven collagen synthesis in HTFs. This study demonstrated that inhibition of the mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis offers superior anti-fibrotic efficacy compared to rapamycin and represents a promising target for improving the success rate of both traditional and modern GFSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zou
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Binrong Wu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuimeng Liu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pin Wang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China; Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China; Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Byun KA, Lee JH, Lee SY, Oh S, Batsukh S, Cheon GW, Lee D, Hong JH, Son KH, Byun K. Piezo1 Activation Drives Enhanced Collagen Synthesis in Aged Animal Skin Induced by Poly L-Lactic Acid Fillers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7232. [PMID: 39000341 PMCID: PMC11242599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers stimulate collagen synthesis by activating various immune cells and fibroblasts. Piezo1, an ion channel, responds to mechanical stimuli, including changes in extracellular matrix stiffness, by mediating Ca2+ influx. Given that elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels trigger signaling pathways associated with fibroblast proliferation, Piezo1 is a pivotal regulator of collagen synthesis and tissue fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of PLLA on dermal collagen synthesis by activating Piezo1 in both an H2O2-induced cellular senescence model in vitro and aged animal skin in vivo. PLLA elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels in senescent fibroblasts, which was attenuated by the Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4. Furthermore, PLLA treatment increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 to total ERK1/2 (pERK1/2/ERK1/2) and phosphorylated AKT to total AKT (pAKT/AKT), indicating enhanced pathway activation. This was accompanied by upregulation of cell cycle-regulating proteins (CDK4 and cyclin D1), promoting the proliferation of senescent fibroblasts. Additionally, PLLA promoted the expression of phosphorylated mTOR/S6K1/4EBP1, TGF-β, and Collagen I/III in senescent fibroblasts, with GsMTx4 treatment mitigating these effects. In aged skin, PLLA treatment similarly upregulated the expression of pERK1/2/ERK1/2, pAKT/AKT, CDK4, cyclin D1, mTOR/S6K1/4EBP1, TGF-β, and Collagen I/III. In summary, our findings suggest Piezo1's involvement in PLLA-induced collagen synthesis, mediated by heightened activation of cell proliferation signaling pathways such as pERK1/2/ERK1/2, pAKT/AKT, and phosphorylated mTOR/S6K1/4EBP1, underscoring the therapeutic potential of PLLA in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyuk Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Doctorbom Clinic, Seoul 06614, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwahn-woo Cheon
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Maylin Clinic, Pangyo 13529, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea (J.H.H.)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea (J.H.H.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea (J.H.H.)
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20
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Rosen N, Mukherjee R, Pancholi P, Sharma M, Solomon H, Timaul M, Thant C, McGriskin R, Hayatt O, Markov V, D'Allara J, Bekker S, Candelier J, Carrasco S, de Stanchina E, Vanaja K. Diet induced insulin resistance is due to induction of PTEN expression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4021885. [PMID: 38978604 PMCID: PMC11230483 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4021885/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a condition that is often associated with obesity and defined by reduced sensitivity of PI3K signaling to insulin (insulin resistance), hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Molecular causes and early signaling events underlying insulin resistance are not well understood. Insulin activation of PI3K signaling causes mTOR dependent induction of PTEN translation, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. We speculated that insulin resistance is due to insulin dependent induction of PTEN protein that prevent further increases in PI3K signaling. Here we show that in a diet induced model of obesity and insulin resistance, PTEN levels are increased in fat, muscle and liver tissues. Onset of hyperinsulinemia and PTEN induction in tissue is followed by hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis and severe glucose intolerance. Treatment with a PTEN phosphatase inhibitor prevents and reverses these phenotypes, whereas an mTORC1 kinase inhibitor reverses all but the hepatic steatosis. These data suggest that induction of PTEN by increasing levels of insulin elevates feedback inhibition of the pathway to a point where downstream PI3K signaling is reduced and hyperglycemia ensues. PTEN induction is thus necessary for insulin resistance and the type 2 diabetes phenotype and a potential therapeutic target.
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21
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Wang T, Gao T, Fujisawa M, Ohara T, Sakaguchi M, Yoshimura T, Matsukawa A. SPRED2 Is a Novel Regulator of Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Normal Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6269. [PMID: 38892460 PMCID: PMC11172722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sprouty-related enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1 domain containing 2 (SPRED2) is an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and has been shown to promote autophagy in several cancers. Here, we aimed to determine whether SPRED2 plays a role in autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Liver Cancer Database showed a negative association between the level of SPRED2 and p62, a ubiquitin-binding scaffold protein that accumulates when autophagy is inhibited. Immunohistochemically, accumulation of p62 was detected in human HCC tissues with low SPRED2 expression. Overexpression of SPRED2 in HCC cells increased the number of autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles containing damaged mitochondria, decreased p62 levels, and increased levels of light-chain-3 (LC3)-II, an autophagy marker. In contrast, SPRED2 deficiency increased p62 levels and decreased LC3-II levels. SPRED2 expression levels were negatively correlated with translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20) expression levels, suggesting its role in mitophagy. Mechanistically, SPRED2 overexpression reduced ERK activation followed by the mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated signaling pathway, and SPRED2 deficiency showed the opposite pattern. Finally, hepatic autophagy was impaired in the liver of SPRED2-deficient mice with hepatic lipid droplet accumulation in response to starvation. These results indicate that SPRED2 is a critical regulator of autophagy not only in HCC cells, but also in hepatocytes, and thus the manipulation of this process may provide new insights into liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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22
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Marafie SK, Al-Mulla F, Abubaker J. mTOR: Its Critical Role in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer, and the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6141. [PMID: 38892329 PMCID: PMC11173325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a pivotal regulator, integrating diverse environmental signals to control fundamental cellular functions, such as protein synthesis, cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. Embedded in a complex network of signaling pathways, mTOR dysregulation is implicated in the onset and progression of a range of human diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, as well as various cancers. mTOR also has a notable role in aging. Given its extensive biological impact, mTOR signaling is a prime therapeutic target for addressing these complex conditions. The development of mTOR inhibitors has proven advantageous in numerous research domains. This review delves into the significance of mTOR signaling, highlighting the critical components of this intricate network that contribute to disease. Additionally, it addresses the latest findings on mTOR inhibitors and their clinical implications. The review also emphasizes the importance of developing more effective next-generation mTOR inhibitors with dual functions to efficiently target the mTOR pathways. A comprehensive understanding of mTOR signaling will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies for managing diseases associated with mTOR dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman K. Marafie
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
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23
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhi X, Xu L, Tao J, Cui D, Liu TF. Tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway regulates infection and inflammation: from mechanisms to biomarkers and therapies. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:979-996. [PMID: 38592457 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Tryptophan (L-Trp), an essential amino acid, is the only amino acid whose level is regulated specifically by immune signals. Most proportions of Trp are catabolized via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) which has evolved to align the food availability and environmental stimulation with the host pathophysiology and behavior. Especially, the KP plays an indispensable role in balancing the immune activation and tolerance in response to pathogens. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we elucidate the underlying immunological regulatory network of Trp and its KP-dependent catabolites in the pathophysiological conditions by participating in multiple signaling pathways. Furthermore, the KP-based regulatory roles, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies in pathologically immune disorders are summarized covering from acute to chronic infection and inflammation. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The immunosuppressive effects dominate the functions of KP induced-Trp depletion and KP-produced metabolites during infection and inflammation. However, the extending minor branches from the KP are not confined to the immune tolerance, instead they go forward to various functions according to the specific condition. Nevertheless, persistent efforts should be made before the clinical use of KP-based strategies to monitor and cure infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Highway, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Highway, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Highway, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Fu Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Highway, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Meur S, Mukherjee S, Roy S, Karati D. Role of PIM Kinase Inhibitor in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04257-7. [PMID: 38816674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the most prevalent form of senile dementia, causing progressive deterioration of cognition, behavior, and rational skills. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by two hallmark proteinaceous aggregates: amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed of hyperphosphorylated tau. A significant study has been done to understand how Aβ and/or tau accumulation can alter signaling pathways that affect neuronal function. A conserved protein kinase known as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential for maintaining the proper balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Overwhelming evidence shows mTOR signaling's primary role in age-dependent cognitive decline and the pathogenesis of AD. Postmortem human AD brains consistently show an upregulation of mTOR signaling. Confocal microscopy findings demonstrated a direct connection between mTOR and intraneuronal Aβ42 through molecular processes of PRAS40 phosphorylation. By attaching to the mTORC1 complex, PRAS40 inhibits the activity of mTOR. Furthermore, inhibiting PRAS40 phosphorylation can stop the Aβ-mediated increase in mTOR activity, indicating that the accumulation of Aβ may aid in PRAS40 phosphorylation. Physiologically, PRAS40 is phosphorylated by PIM1 which is a serine/threonine kinase of proto-oncogene PIM kinase family. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM1 activity prevents the Aβ-induced mTOR hyperactivity in vivo by blocking PRAS40 phosphorylation and restores cognitive impairments by enhancing proteasome function. Recently identified small-molecule PIM1 inhibitors have been developed as potential therapeutic to reduce AD-neuropathology. This comprehensive study aims to address the activity of PIM1 inhibitor that has been tested for the treatment of AD, in addition to the pharmacological and structural aspects of PIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Meur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarupananda Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124, B.L Saha Road, Kolkata, 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124, B.L Saha Road, Kolkata, 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
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25
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Onaka GM, de Carvalho MR, Onaka PK, Barbosa CM, Martinez PF, de Oliveira-Junior SA. Exercise, mTOR Activation, and Potential Impacts on the Liver in Rodents. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38927242 PMCID: PMC11201249 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The literature offers a consensus on the association between exercise training (ET) protocols based on the adequate parameters of intensity and frequency, and several adaptive alterations in the liver. Indeed, regular ET can reverse glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, especially from aerobic modalities, which can decrease intrahepatic fat formation. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the regulation of hepatic fat formation would be directly related to the modulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which would be stimulated by insulin signaling and Akt activation, from the following three different primary signaling pathways: (I) growth factor, (II) energy/ATP-sensitive, and (III) amino acid-sensitive signaling pathways, respectively. Hyperactivation of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway induces lipogenesis by regulating the action of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). Exercise training interventions have been associated with multiple metabolic and tissue benefits. However, it is worth highlighting that the mTOR signaling in the liver in response to exercise interventions remains unclear. Hepatic adaptive alterations seem to be most outstanding when sustained by chronic interventions or high-intensity exercise protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Moreto Onaka
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Marianna Rabelo de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Patricia Kubalaki Onaka
- Graduate Program in Education and Health, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Maria Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Paula Felippe Martinez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
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26
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Canova PN, Charron AJ, Leib DA. Models of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency. Viruses 2024; 16:747. [PMID: 38793628 PMCID: PMC11125678 DOI: 10.3390/v16050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of HSV latency is based on a variety of clinical observations, and in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro model systems, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. The criteria for authentically modeling HSV latency include the ability to easily manipulate host genetics and biological pathways, as well as mimicking the immune response and viral pathogenesis in human infections. Although realistically modeling HSV latency is necessary when choosing a model, the cost, time requirement, ethical constraints, and reagent availability are also equally important. Presently, there remains a pressing need for in vivo models that more closely recapitulate human HSV infection. While the current in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models used to study HSV latency have limitations, they provide further insights that add to our understanding of latency. In vivo models have shed light on natural infection routes and the interplay between the host immune response and the virus during latency, while in vitro models have been invaluable in elucidating molecular pathways involved in latency. Below, we review the relative advantages and disadvantages of current HSV models and highlight insights gained through each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N. Canova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Audra J. Charron
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - David A. Leib
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
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27
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Wang C, Jiang D. Exogenous PRAS40 reduces KLF4 expression and alleviates hypertrophic scar fibrosis and collagen deposition through inhibiting mTORC1. Burns 2024; 50:936-946. [PMID: 38369439 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the anti-fibrosis effect of PRAS40 in scar, and its potential mechanism. METHODS We constructed a rat model of hypertrophic scarthat was locally injected the PRAS40 overexpression adenoviruses, mTORC1 inhibitor MHY1485 and activator rapamycin, and further observed the pathological changes of skin tissue and the severity of fibrosis by HE, Masson and sirius red staining, and analyzed the deposition of a-SMA and collagen I by western blot and immunofluorescence test. Meanwhile, the co-localization of KLF4 with a-SMA and type I collagen was analyzed, as well as the regulatory effect of PRAS40 on KLF4. In addition, we also verified whether the inhibition of scar fibrosis by PRAS40 is related to mTORC1, and whether the upregulation of KLF4 is related to mTORC1. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of PRAS40 was low and p-PRAS40 was high in scar skin tissue. After local injection of PRAS40 overexpression adenovirus, the expression of PRAS40 in skin tissue was increased. The overexpression of PRAS40 can inhibit scar skin fibrosis and reduce the content of a-SMA and collagen I. Further mechanism analysis confirms that the inhibitory effect of PRAS40 on skin fibrosis is related to mTORC1, and PRAS40 inhibits the activation of mTORC1. The expression of KLF4 is relatively low in scar tissue. PRAS40 administration upregulated the expression of KLF4, which is related to mTORC1 CONCLUSIONS: PRAS40 significantly improves fibrosis of scar skin tissue and increases the expression of KLF4 in scars. The anti-fibrotic effect of PRAS40 depends on mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
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28
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Ochiai K, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sugie N, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. Accelerated plasma-cell differentiation in Bach2-deficient mouse B cells is caused by altered IRF4 functions. EMBO J 2024; 43:1947-1964. [PMID: 38605225 PMCID: PMC11099079 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator. Release of these gene loci from heterochromatin in response to B-cell receptor stimulation was coupled to AKT-mTOR pathway activation. In Bach2-deficient B cells, PC genes' activation depended on IRF4 protein accumulation, without an increase in Irf4 mRNA. Mechanistically, a PU.1-IRF4 heterodimer in activated B cells promoted BACH2 function by inducing gene expression of Bach2 and Pten, a negative regulator of AKT signaling. Elevated AKT activity in Bach2-deficient B cells resulted in IRF4 protein accumulation. Thus, BACH2 and IRF4 mutually modulate the activity of each other, and BACH2 inhibits PC differentiation by both the repression of PC genes and the restriction of IRF4 protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nao Sugie
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymhocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Meuten TK, Dean GA, Thamm DH. Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:339-356. [PMID: 37905509 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors in dogs and humans share many similar molecular and genetic features, incentivizing a better understanding of canine neoplasms not only for the purpose of treating companion animals, but also to facilitate research of spontaneously developing tumors with similar biologic behavior and treatment approaches in an immunologically competent animal model. Multiple tumor types of both species have similar dysregulation of signal transduction through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), collectively known as the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. This review aims to delineate the pertinent aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in health and in tumor development. It will then present a synopsis of current understanding of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in important canine cancers and advancements in targeted inhibitors of this pathway.
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30
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Zhao C, Gong Y, Zheng L, Zhao M. Untargeted metabolomic reveals the changes in muscle metabolites of mice during exercise recovery and the mechanisms of whey protein and whey protein hydrolysate in promoting muscle repair. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114261. [PMID: 38609238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) showed effective anti-fatigue properties, but its regulatory mechanism on recovery from exercise in mice is unclear. In the present study, we divided the mice into control, WP, and WPH groups and allowed them to rest for 1 h and 24 h after exercise, respectively. The changes in muscle metabolites of mice in the recovery period were investigated using metabolomics techniques. The results showed that the WPH group significantly up-regulated 94 muscle metabolites within 1 h of rest, which was 1.96 and 2.61 times more than the control and WP groups, respectively. In detail, significant decreases in TCA cycle intermediates, lipid metabolites, and carbohydrate metabolites were observed in the control group during exercise recovery. In contrast, administration with WP and WPH enriched more amino acid metabolites within 1 h of rest, which might provide a more comprehensive metabolic environment for muscle repair. Moreover, the WPH group remarkably stimulated the enhancement of lipid, carbohydrate, and vitamin metabolites in the recovery period which might provide raw materials and energy for anabolic reactions. The result of the western blot further demonstrated that WPH could promote muscle repair via activating the Sestrin2/Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway within 1 h of rest. These findings deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by WPH to promote muscle recovery and may serve as a reference for comprehensive assessments of protein supplements on exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoya Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yurong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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31
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Waldron RT, Lugea A, Chang HH, Su HY, Quiros C, Lewis MS, Che M, Ramanujan VK, Rozengurt E, Eibl G, Pandol SJ. Upregulated Matrisomal Proteins and Extracellular Matrix Mechanosignaling Underlie Obesity-Associated Promotion of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1593. [PMID: 38672675 PMCID: PMC11048773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mice expressing KRasG12D in the pancreas (KC mice), but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed multiplex quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and further bioinformatic and spatial analysis of pancreas tissues from control-fed versus DIO KC mice after 3, 6, and 9 months. Normal pancreatic parenchyma and associated proteins were steadily eliminated and the novel proteins, phosphoproteins, and signaling pathways associated with PDAC tumorigenesis increased until 6 months, when most males exhibited cancer, but females did not. Differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins induced by DIO revealed the crucial functional role of matrisomal proteins, which implies the roles of upstream regulation by TGFβ, extracellular matrix-receptor signaling to downstream PI3K-Akt-mTOR-, MAPK-, and Yap/Taz activation, and crucial effects in the tumor microenvironment such as metabolic alterations and signaling crosstalk between immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor cells. Staining tissues from KC mice localized the expression of several prognostic PDAC biomarkers and elucidated tumorigenic features, such as robust macrophage infiltration, acinar-ductal metaplasia, mucinous PanIN, distinct nonmucinous atypical flat lesions (AFLs) surrounded by smooth muscle actin-positive CAFs, invasive tumors with epithelial-mesenchymal transition arising close to AFLs, and expanding deserted areas by 9 months. We next used Nanostring GeoMX to characterize the early spatial distribution of specific immune cell subtypes in distinct normal, stromal, and PanIN areas. Taken together, these data richly contextualize DIO promotion of Kras-driven PDAC tumorigenesis and provide many novel insights into the signaling pathways and processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Waldron
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsin-Yuan Su
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Crystal Quiros
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health System, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA;
| | - Mingtian Che
- Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - V. Krishnan Ramanujan
- Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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32
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Henis M, Rücker T, Scharrenberg R, Richter M, Baltussen L, Hong S, Meka DP, Schwanke B, Neelagandan N, Daaboul D, Murtaza N, Krisp C, Harder S, Schlüter H, Kneussel M, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, de Wit J, Singh KK, Duncan KE, de Anda FC. The autism susceptibility kinase, TAOK2, phosphorylates eEF2 and modulates translation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadf7001. [PMID: 38608030 PMCID: PMC11014455 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Genes implicated in translation control have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, some important genetic causes of autism, including the 16p11.2 microdeletion, bear no obvious connection to translation. Here, we use proteomics, genetics, and translation assays in cultured cells and mouse brain to reveal altered translation mediated by loss of the kinase TAOK2 in 16p11.2 deletion models. We show that TAOK2 associates with the translational machinery and functions as a translational brake by phosphorylating eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Previously, all signal-mediated regulation of translation elongation via eEF2 phosphorylation was believed to be mediated by a single kinase, eEF2K. However, we show that TAOK2 can directly phosphorylate eEF2 on the same regulatory site, but functions independently of eEF2K signaling. Collectively, our results reveal an eEF2K-independent signaling pathway for control of translation elongation and suggest altered translation as a molecular component in the etiology of some forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melad Henis
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, 72511 El-Kharga, Egypt
| | - Tabitha Rücker
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Scharrenberg
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Richter
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Baltussen
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Hong
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Durga Praveen Meka
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schwanke
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nagammal Neelagandan
- Neuronal Translational Control Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danie Daaboul
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadeem Murtaza
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4A9, Canada
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Campus Forschung, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Campus Forschung, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Campus Forschung, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Institute of Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Transgenic Service Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karun K. Singh
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1 A8, Canada
| | - Kent E. Duncan
- Neuronal Translational Control Group, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Froylan Calderón de Anda
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Wang X, Zhang T, Li W, Wang H, Yan L, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang N, Zhang B. Arginine alleviates Clostridium perfringens α toxin-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro via the SLC38A9/mTORC1 pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357072. [PMID: 38638435 PMCID: PMC11024335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clostridium perfringens α toxin is a main virulence factor responsible for gut damage in animals. Arginine is a functional amino acid exhibiting significant immunoregulatory activities. However, the effects and immunoregulatory mechanisms of arginine supplementation on α toxin-induced intestinal injury remain unclear. Methods In vivo, 256 male Arbor Acres chickens were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement, involving diet treatments (with or without 0.3% arginine supplementation) and immunological stress (with or without α toxin challenge). In vitro, IEC-6 cells were treated with or without arginine in the presence or absence of α toxin. Moreover, IEC-6 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting mTOR and SLC38A9 to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results and discussion The results showed that in vivo, arginine supplementation significantly alleviated the α toxin-induced growth performance impairment, decreases in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG levels, and intestinal morphology damage. Arginine supplementation also significantly reduced the α toxin-induced increase in jejunal proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 mRNA expression. Clostridium perfringens α toxin significantly decreased jejunal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and solute carrier family 38 member 9 (SLC38A9) mRNA expression, while arginine supplementation significantly increased mTOR and SLC38A9 mRNA expression. In vitro, arginine pretreatment mitigated the α toxin-induced decrease in cell viability and the increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Arginine pretreatment also alleviated the α toxin-induced upregulation of mRNA expression of inflammation-related cytokines IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CXCL11 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), as well as apoptosis-related genes B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3) and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. Arginine pretreatment significantly increased the α toxin-induced decrease in mTOR, SLC38A9, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) mRNA expression. Knockdown SLC38A9 and mTOR largely abrogated the positive effects of arginine pretreatment on α toxin-induced intracellular changes. Furthermore, SLC38A9 silencing abolished the increased mTOR mRNA expression caused by arginine pretreatment. In conclusion, arginine administration attenuated α toxin-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro, which could be associated with the downregulation of inflammation via regulating SLC38A9/mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heliang Wang
- Qingdao Sino-science Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianwen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nianxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Coffey NJ, Simon MC. Metabolic alterations in hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:233-250. [PMID: 38253811 PMCID: PMC11165401 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer in the world, and its incidence is on the rise. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form and is a heterogeneous disease comprising three major subtypes that vary in their histology, clinical course and driver mutations. These subtypes include clear cell RCC, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC. Molecular analyses of hereditary and sporadic forms of RCC have revealed that this complex and deadly disease is characterized by metabolic pathway alterations in cancer cells that lead to deregulated oxygen and nutrient sensing, as well as impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. These metabolic changes facilitate tumour growth and survival. Specifically, studies of the metabolic features of RCC have led to the discovery of oncometabolites - fumarate and succinate - that can promote tumorigenesis, moonlighting functions of enzymes, and substrate auxotrophy owing to the disruption of pathways that enable the production of arginine and cholesterol. These metabolic alterations within RCC can be exploited to identify new therapeutic targets and interventions, in combination with novel approaches that minimize the systemic toxicity of metabolic inhibitors and reduce the risk of drug resistance owing to metabolic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Coffey
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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35
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Kumar P, Goettemoeller AM, Espinosa-Garcia C, Tobin BR, Tfaily A, Nelson RS, Natu A, Dammer EB, Santiago JV, Malepati S, Cheng L, Xiao H, Duong DD, Seyfried NT, Wood LB, Rowan MJM, Rangaraju S. Native-state proteomics of Parvalbumin interneurons identifies unique molecular signatures and vulnerabilities to early Alzheimer's pathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2823. [PMID: 38561349 PMCID: PMC10985119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs) may represent an early pathophysiological perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Defining early proteomic alterations in PV-INs can provide key biological and translationally-relevant insights. We used cell-type-specific in-vivo biotinylation of proteins (CIBOP) coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain native-state PV-IN proteomes. PV-IN proteomic signatures include high metabolic and translational activity, with over-representation of AD-risk and cognitive resilience-related proteins. In bulk proteomes, PV-IN proteins were associated with cognitive decline in humans, and with progressive neuropathology in humans and the 5xFAD mouse model of Aβ pathology. PV-IN CIBOP in early stages of Aβ pathology revealed signatures of increased mitochondria and metabolism, synaptic and cytoskeletal disruption and decreased mTOR signaling, not apparent in whole-brain proteomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated pre-synaptic defects in PV-to-excitatory neurotransmission, validating our proteomic findings. Overall, in this study we present native-state proteomes of PV-INs, revealing molecular insights into their unique roles in cognitive resiliency and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Annie M Goettemoeller
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Brendan R Tobin
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ali Tfaily
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ruth S Nelson
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Juliet V Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sneha Malepati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Duc D Duong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, GeoInsrgia titute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew J M Rowan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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36
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Caligaris M, De Virgilio C. Proxies introduce bias in decoding TORC1 activity. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001170. [PMID: 38605723 PMCID: PMC11007552 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic TORC1 kinase integrates and links nutritional, energy, and hormonal signals to cell growth and homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with human diseases including neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Quantification of TORC1 activities in various genetic settings and defined physiological conditions generally relies on the assessment of the phosphorylation level of residues in TORC1 targets. Here we show that two commonly used TORC1 effectors in yeast, namely Sch9 and Rps6, exhibit distinct phosphorylation patterns in response to rapamycin treatment or changes in nitrogen availability, indicating that the choice of TORC1 proxies introduces a bias in decoding TORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caligaris
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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37
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Sanidad KZ, Rager SL, Carrow HC, Ananthanarayanan A, Callaghan R, Hart LR, Li T, Ravisankar P, Brown JA, Amir M, Jin JC, Savage AR, Luo R, Rowdo FM, Martin ML, Silver RB, Guo CJ, Krumsiek J, Inohara N, Zeng MY. Gut bacteria-derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj4775. [PMID: 38489352 PMCID: PMC11328322 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota promotes immune system development in early life, but the interactions between the gut metabolome and immune cells in the neonatal gut remain largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that the neonatal gut is uniquely enriched with neurotransmitters, including serotonin, and that specific gut bacteria directly produce serotonin while down-regulating monoamine oxidase A to limit serotonin breakdown. We found that serotonin directly signals to T cells to increase intracellular indole-3-acetaldehdye and inhibit mTOR activation, thereby promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells, both ex vivo and in vivo in the neonatal intestine. Oral gavage of serotonin into neonatal mice resulted in long-term T cell-mediated antigen-specific immune tolerance toward both dietary antigens and commensal bacteria. Together, our study has uncovered an important role for specific gut bacteria to increase serotonin availability in the neonatal gut and identified a function of gut serotonin in shaping T cell response to dietary antigens and commensal bacteria to promote immune tolerance in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Z Sanidad
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie L Rager
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hannah C Carrow
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aparna Ananthanarayanan
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryann Callaghan
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucy R Hart
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Jill Roberts Institute for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Purnima Ravisankar
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julia A Brown
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny C Jin
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandria Rose Savage
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryan Luo
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - M Laura Martin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Randi B Silver
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY 10065, USA
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38
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Tucker SK, Ghosal R, Swartz ME, Zhang S, Eberhart JK. Zebrafish raptor mutation inhibits the activity of mTORC1, inducing craniofacial defects due to autophagy-induced neural crest cell death. Development 2024; 151:dev202216. [PMID: 38512806 PMCID: PMC11006402 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates metabolism and cell growth with environmental inputs. mTOR forms two functional complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. Proper development requires both complexes but mTORC1 has unique roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, survival and autophagy. Here, we investigate the function of mTORC1 in craniofacial development. We created a zebrafish raptor mutant via CRISPR/Cas9, to specifically disrupt mTORC1. The entire craniofacial skeleton and eyes were reduced in size in mutants; however, overall body length and developmental timing were not affected. The craniofacial phenotype associates with decreased chondrocyte size and increased neural crest cell death. We found that autophagy is elevated in raptor mutants. Chemical inhibition of autophagy reduced cell death and improved craniofacial phenotypes in raptor mutants. Genetic inhibition of autophagy, via mutation of the autophagy gene atg7, improved facial phenotypes in atg7;raptor double mutants, relative to raptor single mutants. We conclude that finely regulated levels of autophagy, via mTORC1, are crucial for craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ritika Ghosal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mary E. Swartz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephanie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Johann K. Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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39
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Wang D, Ritz C, Pierce A, Brunt B, Luo Y, Dahl N, Venkataraman S, Danis E, Kuś K, Mazan M, Rzymski T, Veo B, Vibhakar R. Transcriptional Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Mediator Kinase in MYC-driven Medulloblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584103. [PMID: 38559100 PMCID: PMC10979852 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
MYC-driven medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly aggressive cancer type with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Through CRISPR-Cas9 screening across MB cell lines, we identified the Mediator-associated kinase CDK8 as the top dependence for MYC-driven MB. Loss of CDK8 markedly reduces MYC expression and impedes MB growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CDK8 depletion suppresses ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation. CDK8 regulates occupancy of phospho-Polymerase II at specific chromatin loci facilitating an epigenetic alteration that promotes transcriptional regulation of ribosome biogenesis. Additionally, CDK8-mediated phosphorylation of 4EBP1 plays a crucial role in initiating eIF4E-dependent translation. Targeting CDK8 effectively suppresses cancer stem and progenitor cells, characterized by increased ribosome biogenesis activity. We also report the synergistic inhibition of CDK8 and mTOR in vivo and in vitro . Overall, our findings establish a connection between transcription and translation regulation, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach targets multiple points in the protein synthesis network for MYC-driven MB.
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40
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Ying Y, Yu Z, Wu L. Causal association between mTOR-dependent circulating protein levels and central precocious puberty: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360043. [PMID: 38516410 PMCID: PMC10954777 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has a significant effect on central precocious puberty (CPP). However, the causality between mTOR-dependent circulating protein levels and CPP is still unclear. Our aim is to assess the effects of seven mTOR-dependent circulating protein levels on CPP using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Instrumental variables (IVs) for mTOR-dependent circulating protein levels were retrieved from the proteomics-GWAS INTERVAL study and eQTLGen. The summary-level genetic datasets for CPP outcome were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method and the pleiotropy, heterogeneity and robustness of the analyses were detected as sensitivity analysis. Positive exposures in the discovery cohort would be revalidated in the validation cohort. Results This two-sample MR study revealed a causal association between eIF4G level in plasma and CPP in both discovery cohort (IVW: OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.22-0.91, p = 0.026) and validation cohort (IVW: OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.24-0.85, p = 0.014). Conclusions There was a causal association between eIF4G level in plasma and CPP. Whether eIF4G can be used for the prevention or treatment of CPP needs to be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Laboratory of Cytobiology & Molecular Biology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Science and Education Section, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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41
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Zacarías-Fluck MF, Soucek L, Whitfield JR. MYC: there is more to it than cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1342872. [PMID: 38510176 PMCID: PMC10952043 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1342872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in multiple cellular processes. While its mechanism of action and targets are not completely elucidated, it has a fundamental role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, ribogenesis, and bone and vascular development. Over 4 decades of research and some 10,000 publications linking it to tumorigenesis (by searching PubMed for "MYC oncogene") have led to MYC becoming a most-wanted target for the treatment of cancer, where many of MYC's physiological functions become co-opted for tumour initiation and maintenance. In this context, an abundance of reviews describes strategies for potentially targeting MYC in the oncology field. However, its multiple roles in different aspects of cellular biology suggest that it may also play a role in many additional diseases, and other publications are indeed linking MYC to pathologies beyond cancer. Here, we review these physiological functions and the current literature linking MYC to non-oncological diseases. The intense efforts towards developing MYC inhibitors as a cancer therapy will potentially have huge implications for the treatment of other diseases. In addition, with a complementary approach, we discuss some diseases and conditions where MYC appears to play a protective role and hence its increased expression or activation could be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano F. Zacarías-Fluck
- Models of Cancer Therapies Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soucek
- Models of Cancer Therapies Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Peptomyc S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan R. Whitfield
- Models of Cancer Therapies Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Krauter D, Stausberg D, Hartmann TJ, Volkmann S, Kungl T, Rasche DA, Saher G, Fledrich R, Stassart RM, Nave KA, Goebbels S, Ewers D, Sereda MW. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in rodent models of PMP22 gene-dosage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:616-640. [PMID: 38383802 PMCID: PMC10940316 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Haplo-insufficiency of the gene encoding the myelin protein PMP22 leads to focal myelin overgrowth in the peripheral nervous system and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Conversely, duplication of PMP22 causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), characterized by hypomyelination of medium to large caliber axons. The molecular mechanisms of abnormal myelin growth regulation by PMP22 have remained obscure. Here, we show in rodent models of HNPP and CMT1A that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-pathway inhibiting phosphatase PTEN is correlated in abundance with PMP22 in peripheral nerves, without evidence for direct protein interactions. Indeed, treating DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures from HNPP mice with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors reduced focal hypermyelination. When we treated HNPP mice in vivo with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, motor functions were improved, compound muscle amplitudes were increased and pathological tomacula in sciatic nerves were reduced. In contrast, we found Schwann cell dedifferentiation in CMT1A uncoupled from PI3K/Akt/mTOR, leaving partial PTEN ablation insufficient for disease amelioration. For HNPP, the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors may be considered as the first treatment option for pressure palsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Krauter
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Stausberg
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon J Hartmann
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Volkmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David A Rasche
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - David Ewers
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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43
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Brito Querido J, Díaz-López I, Ramakrishnan V. The molecular basis of translation initiation and its regulation in eukaryotes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:168-186. [PMID: 38052923 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over the past two decades that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, of which translation regulation is a major part, can be equally important. Translation can be divided into four main stages: initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. Translation is controlled mainly during its initiation, a process which culminates in a ribosome positioned with an initiator tRNA over the start codon and, thus, ready to begin elongation of the protein chain. mRNA translation has emerged as a powerful tool for the development of innovative therapies, yet the detailed mechanisms underlying the complex process of initiation remain unclear. Recent studies in yeast and mammals have started to shed light on some previously unclear aspects of this process. In this Review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on eukaryotic translation initiation and its regulation in health and disease. Specifically, we focus on recent advances in understanding the processes involved in assembling the 43S pre-initiation complex and its recruitment by the cap-binding complex eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) at the 5' end of mRNA. In addition, we discuss recent insights into ribosome scanning along the 5' untranslated region of mRNA and selection of the start codon, which culminates in joining of the 60S large subunit and formation of the 80S initiation complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jailson Brito Querido
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irene Díaz-López
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Ramakrishnan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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44
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Saaoud F, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Praticò D, Vazquez-Padron RI, Wang H, Yang X. Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers - Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108604. [PMID: 38360205 PMCID: PMC10917129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle that is physiologically responsible for protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid biosynthesis. Pathological stimuli such as oxidative stress, ischemia, disruptions in calcium homeostasis, and increased production of normal and/or folding-defective proteins all contribute to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, causing ER stress. The adaptive response to ER stress is the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), which affect a wide variety of cellular functions to maintain ER homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Three different ER transmembrane sensors, including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), are responsible for initiating UPR. The UPR involves a variety of signal transduction pathways that reduce unfolded protein accumulation by boosting ER-resident chaperones, limiting protein translation, and accelerating unfolded protein degradation. ER is now acknowledged as a critical organelle in sensing dangers and determining cell life and death. On the other hand, UPR plays a critical role in the development and progression of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Here, we critically analyze the most current knowledge of the master regulatory roles of ER stress particularly the PERK pathway as a conditional danger receptor, an organelle crosstalk regulator, and a regulator of protein translation. We highlighted that PERK is not only ER stress regulator by sensing UPR and ER stress but also a frontier sensor and direct senses for gut microbiota-generated metabolites. Our work also further highlighted the function of PERK as a central hub that leads to metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification which further enhanced inflammatory response and promoted trained immunity. Moreover, we highlighted the contribution of ER stress and PERK in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, CVD, kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic target of ER stress and PERK for cancer treatment and the potential novel therapeutic targets for CVD, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of ER stress, by the development of small molecules that target the PERK and UPR, represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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45
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Aleksandrova KV, Vorobev ML, Suvorova II. mTOR pathway occupies a central role in the emergence of latent cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:176. [PMID: 38418814 PMCID: PMC10902345 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The current focus in oncology research is the translational control of cancer cells as a major mechanism of cellular plasticity. Recent evidence has prompted a reevaluation of the role of the mTOR pathway in cancer development leading to new conclusions. The mechanistic mTOR inhibition is well known to be a tool for generating quiescent stem cells and cancer cells. In response to mTOR suppression, quiescent cancer cells dynamically change their proteome, triggering alternative non-canonical translation mechanisms. The shift to selective translation may have clinical relevance, since quiescent tumor cells can acquire new phenotypical features. This review provides new insights into the patterns of mTOR functioning in quiescent cancer cells, enhancing our current understanding of the biology of latent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail L Vorobev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Suvorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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46
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Bierling TEH, Gumann A, Ottmann SR, Schulz SR, Weckwerth L, Thomas J, Gessner A, Wichert M, Kuwert F, Rost F, Hauke M, Freudenreich T, Mielenz D, Jäck HM, Pracht K. GLUT1-mediated glucose import in B cells is critical for anaplerotic balance and humoral immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113739. [PMID: 38340319 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose uptake increases during B cell activation and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) differentiation, but conflicting findings prevent a clear metabolic profile at different stages of B cell activation. Deletion of the glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) gene in mature B cells (GLUT1-cKO) results in normal B cell development, but it reduces germinal center B cells and ASCs. GLUT1-cKO mice show decreased antigen-specific antibody titers after vaccination. In vitro, GLUT1-deficient B cells show impaired activation, whereas established plasmablasts abolish glycolysis, relying on mitochondrial activity and fatty acids. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal an altered anaplerotic balance in GLUT1-deficient ASCs. Despite attempts to compensate for glucose deprivation by increasing mitochondrial mass and gene expression associated with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and hexosamine synthesis, GLUT1-deficient ASCs lack the metabolites for energy production and mitochondrial respiration, limiting protein synthesis. We identify GLUT1 as a critical metabolic player defining the germinal center response and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E H Bierling
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amelie Gumann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shannon R Ottmann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonie Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arne Gessner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Wichert
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederic Kuwert
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Rost
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Hauke
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Freudenreich
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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47
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Pernin F, Cui QL, Mohammadnia A, Fernandes MGF, Hall JA, Srour M, Dudley RWR, Zandee SEJ, Klement W, Prat A, Salapa HE, Levin MC, Moore GRW, Kennedy TE, Vande Velde C, Antel JP. Regulation of stress granule formation in human oligodendrocytes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1524. [PMID: 38374028 PMCID: PMC10876533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) injury and subsequent loss is a pathologic hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles containing mRNAs stalled in translation and considered as participants of the cellular response to stress. Here we show SGs in OLs in active and inactive areas of MS lesions as well as in normal-appearing white matter. In cultures of primary human adult brain derived OLs, metabolic stress conditions induce transient SG formation in these cells. Combining pro-inflammatory cytokines, which alone do not induce SG formation, with metabolic stress results in persistence of SGs. Unlike sodium arsenite, metabolic stress induced SG formation is not blocked by the integrated stress response inhibitor. Glycolytic inhibition also induces persistent SGs indicating the dependence of SG formation and disassembly on the energetic glycolytic properties of human OLs. We conclude that SG persistence in OLs in MS reflects their response to a combination of metabolic stress and pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Milton G F Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - G R Wayne Moore
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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48
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Chen L, Taniguchi H, Bagnicka E. Microproteomic-Based Analysis of the Goat Milk Protein Synthesis Network and Casein Production Evaluation. Foods 2024; 13:619. [PMID: 38397596 PMCID: PMC10887518 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Goat milk has been consumed by humans since ancient times and is highly nutritious. Its quality is mainly determined by its casein content. Milk protein synthesis is controlled by a complex network with many signal pathways. Therefore, the aim of our study is to clearly depict the signal pathways involved in milk protein synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) using state-of-the-art microproteomic techniques and to identify the key genes involved in the signal pathway. The microproteomic analysis identified more than 2253 proteins, with 323 pathways annotated from the identified proteins. Knockdown of IRS1 expression significantly influenced goat casein composition (α, β, and κ); therefore, this study also examined the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene more closely. A total of 12 differential expression proteins (DEPs) were characterized as upregulated or downregulated in the IRS1-silenced sample compared to the negative control. The enrichment and signal pathways of these DEPs in GMECs were identified using GO annotation and KEGG, as well as KOG analysis. Our findings expand our understanding of the functional genes involved in milk protein synthesis in goats, paving the way for new approaches for modifying casein content for the dairy goat industry and milk product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland;
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
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Madhyastha S, Rao MS, Renno WM. Serotonergic and Adrenergic Neuroreceptor Manipulation Ameliorates Core Symptoms of ADHD through Modulating Dopaminergic Receptors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2300. [PMID: 38396978 PMCID: PMC10888658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are due to the hypofunction of the brain's adrenergic (NE) and dopamine (DA) systems. Drugs that enhance DA and NE neurotransmission in the brain by blocking their transporters or receptors are the current therapeutic strategies. Of late, the emerging results point out the serotonergic (5-HT) system, which indirectly modulates the DA activity in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD. On this basis, second-generation antipsychotics, which utilize 5-HT receptors, were prescribed to children with ADHD. However, it is not clear how serotonergic receptors modulate the DA activity to minimize the symptoms of ADHD. The present study investigates the efficacy of serotonergic and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor manipulation in tackling the core symptoms of ADHD and how it affects the DA neuroreceptors in the brain regions involved in ADHD. Fifteen-day-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received 5-HT1A agonist (ipsapirone) or 5-HT2A antagonist (MDL 100907) (i.p.) or alpha-2 agonist (GFC) from postnatal days 15 to 42 along with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) (n = 8 in each group). ADHD-like behaviors were assessed using a battery of behavioral tests during postnatal days 44 to 65. After the behavioral tests, rat brains were processed to estimate the density of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, DA-D1, and DA-D2 neuroreceptors in the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, and the substantia nigra. All three neuroreceptor manipulations were able to minimize the core symptoms of ADHD in SHRs. The positive effect was mainly associated with the upregulation of 5-HT2A receptors in all three areas investigated, while 5-HT1A was in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. Further, the DA-D1 receptor expression was downregulated by all three neuroreceptor manipulations except for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in the striatum and 5-HT2A antagonists in the substantia nigra. The DA-D2 expression was upregulated in the striatum while downregulated in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. In this animal model study, the 5-HT1A agonist or 5-HT2A antagonist monotherapies were able to curtail the ADHD symptoms by differential expression of DA receptors in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Madhyastha
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait; (M.S.R.); (W.M.R.)
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50
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Tidu A, Martin F. The interplay between cis- and trans-acting factors drives selective mRNA translation initiation in eukaryotes. Biochimie 2024; 217:20-30. [PMID: 37741547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Translation initiation consists in the assembly of the small and large ribosomal subunits on the start codon. This important step directly modulates the general proteome in living cells. Recently, genome wide studies revealed unexpected translation initiation events from unsuspected novel open reading frames resulting in the synthesis of a so-called 'dark proteome'. Indeed, the identification of the start codon by the translation machinery is a critical step that defines the translational landscape of the cell. Therefore, translation initiation is a highly regulated process in all organisms. In this review, we focus on the various cis- and trans-acting factors that rule the regulation of translation initiation in eukaryotes. Recent discoveries have shown that the guidance of the translation machinery for the choice of the start codon require sophisticated molecular mechanisms. In particular, the 5'UTR and the coding sequences contain cis-acting elements that trigger the use of AUG codons but also non-AUG codons to initiate protein synthesis. The use of these alternative start codons is also largely influenced by numerous trans-acting elements that drive selective mRNA translation in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Tidu
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS UPR9002, 2, allée Konrad Roentgen, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS UPR9002, 2, allée Konrad Roentgen, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
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