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Konyshev IV, Byvalov AA. The bacterial flagellum as an object for optical trapping. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:403-415. [PMID: 39309130 PMCID: PMC11415335 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This letter considers the possibility of using the optical trap to study the structure and function of the microbial flagellum. The structure of the flagellum of a typical gram-negative bacterium is described in brief. A standard mathematical model based on the principle of superposition is used to describe the movement of an ellipsoidal microbial cell in a liquid medium. The basic principles of optical trapping based on the combined action of the light pressure and the gradient force are briefly clarified. Several problems related to thermal damage of living microscopic objects when the latter gets to the focus of a laser beam are shortly discussed. It is shown that the probability of cell damage depends nonlinearly on the wavelength of laser radiation. Finally, the model systems that would make it possible to study flagella of the free bacteria and the ones anchored or tethered on the surface of a solid material are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Konyshev
- Institute of Physiology of the Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia
- Vyatka State University, Kirov, 610000 Russia
| | - Andrey A. Byvalov
- Institute of Physiology of the Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia
- Vyatka State University, Kirov, 610000 Russia
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2
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Li Z, Wang Q, Niu Y, Wang R, Zhao W, Zhang C, Wang G, Wang K. Dynamic behavior of DNA molecules in microchannels: exploring deflective, elliptical, and spin motions induced by Saffman and Magnus forces. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3704-3717. [PMID: 38953215 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Precise manipulation of individual DNA molecules entering and leaving the channel ports, as well as their smooth passage across the channel, is essential for the detection and screening of DNA molecules using nano-/micro-fluidic technologies. In this paper, by combining single-molecule fluorescence imaging and numerical simulations, the motion states of DNA molecules translocating through a microfluidic channel under the action of the applied electric field are monitored and analyzed in detail. It is found that, under certain conditions of the applied electric field DNA molecules exhibit various motion states, including translation crossing, deflection outflow, reverse outflow, reciprocal movement, and elliptical movement. Simulations indicate that, under the action of Saffman force, DNA molecules can only undergo deflective motion when they experience a velocity gradient in the microchannel flow field; and they can only undergo elliptical motion when their deflective motion is accompanied by a spin motion. In this case, the Magnus force also plays an important role. The detailed study and elucidation of the movement states, dynamic characteristics and mechanisms of DNA molecules such as the deflective and elliptical motions under the actions of Saffman and Magnus forces have helpful implications for the development of related DNA/gene nano-/microfluidic chips, and for the separation, screening and detection of DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Ruiyu Wang
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Guiren Wang
- Mechanical Engineering Department & Biomedical Engineering Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kaige Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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3
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Li YB, Rukhlova M, Zhang D, Nhan J, Sodja C, Bedford E, St-Pierre JP, Jezierski A. Single-Step 3D Bioprinting of Alginate-Collagen Type I Hydrogel Fiber Rings to Promote Angiogenic Network Formation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:289-306. [PMID: 38946589 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2024.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the advent of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the demand for innovative approaches to biofabricate complex vascular structures is increasing. We describe a single-step 3D bioprinting method leveraging Aspect Biosystems RX1 technology, which integrates the crosslinking step at a flow-focusing junction, to biofabricate immortalized adult rat brain endothelial cell (SV-ARBEC)-encapsulated alginate-collagen type I hydrogel rings. This single-step biofabrication process involves the strategic layer-by-layer assembly of hydrogel rings, encapsulating SV-ARBECs in a spatially controlled manner while optimizing access to media and nutrients. The spatial arrangement of the SV-ARBECs within the rings promotes spontaneous angiogenic network formation and the constrained deposition of cells within the hydrogel matrix facilitates tissue-like organized vascular-like network development. This approach provides a platform that can be adapted to many different endothelial cell types and leveraged to better understand the mechanisms driving angiogenesis and vascular-network formation in 3D bioprinted constructs supporting the development of more complex tissue and disease models for advancing drug discovery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Betty Li
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marina Rukhlova
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jordan Nhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Zheng F, Tian R, Lu H, Liang X, Shafiq M, Uchida S, Chen H, Ma M. Droplet Microfluidics Powered Hydrogel Microparticles for Stem Cell-Mediated Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401400. [PMID: 38881184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-related therapeutic technologies have garnered significant attention of the research community for their multi-faceted applications. To promote the therapeutic effects of stem cells, the strategies for cell microencapsulation in hydrogel microparticles have been widely explored, as the hydrogel microparticles have the potential to facilitate oxygen diffusion and nutrient transport alongside their ability to promote crucial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Despite their significant promise, there is an acute shortage of automated, standardized, and reproducible platforms to further stem cell-related research. Microfluidics offers an intriguing platform to produce stem cell-laden hydrogel microparticles (SCHMs) owing to its ability to manipulate the fluids at the micrometer scale as well as precisely control the structure and composition of microparticles. In this review, the typical biomaterials and crosslinking methods for microfluidic encapsulation of stem cells as well as the progress in droplet-based microfluidics for the fabrication of SCHMs are outlined. Moreover, the important biomedical applications of SCHMs are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, scale-up production of stem cells, and microenvironmental simulation for fundamental cell studies. Overall, microfluidics holds tremendous potential for enabling the production of diverse hydrogel microparticles and is worthy for various stem cell-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hangrong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Dong M, Kavannaugh M, Lee C, Feng H. Mircrofabricating double-sided polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) artificial phylloplane for microbial food safety research. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114252. [PMID: 38609230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Leafy green surface microbiology studies often experience significant variations in results due to the heterogeneous nature of leaf surfaces. To provide a precise and controllable substitute, we microfabricated double-sided artificial leafy green phylloplanes using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a vinyl-terminated polyethylene glycol chain-based hydrophobicity modifier (PDMS-PEG) to modify PDMS hydrophobicity. We further tested the properties and applications of these artificial leaves, by examining the function of epicuticular wax, growth and survival of E. coli O157:H7 87-23 on the surface, and removal of attached E. coli cells via sanitation. The double-sided PDMS-PDMS-PEG leaves well-replicated their natural counterparts in macroscopic and microscopic structure, hydrophobicity, and E. coli O157:H7 87-23 attachment. After depositing natural epicuticular wax onto artificial leaves, the leaf surface wetting ability decreased, while E. coli O157:H7 87-23 surface retention increased. The artificial leaves supplied with lettuce lysate or bacterial growth media supported E. coli O157:H7 87-23 growth and survival similarly to those on natural leaves. In the sanitation test, the artificial lettuce leaves also displayed patterns similar to those of natural leaves regarding sanitizer efficiency. Overall, this study showcased the microfabrication and applications of double-sided PDMS-PDMS-PEG leaves as a replicable and controllable platform for future leafy green food safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Dong
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Melannie Kavannaugh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Caroline Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agriculture and Technology State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, United States.
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6
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Parmar D, Rosado-Rosa JM, Shrout JD, Sweedler JV. Metabolic insights from mass spectrometry imaging of biofilms: A perspective from model microorganisms. Methods 2024; 224:21-34. [PMID: 38295894 PMCID: PMC11149699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are dense aggregates of bacterial colonies embedded inside a self-produced polymeric matrix. Biofilms have received increasing attention in medical, industrial, and environmental settings due to their enhanced survival. Their characterization using microscopy techniques has revealed the presence of structural and cellular heterogeneity in many bacterial systems. However, these techniques provide limited chemical detail and lack information about the molecules important for bacterial communication and virulence. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) bridges the gap by generating spatial chemical information with unmatched chemical detail, making it an irreplaceable analytical platform in the multi-modal imaging of biofilms. In the last two decades, over 30 species of biofilm-forming bacteria have been studied using MSI in different environments. The literature conveys both analytical advancements and an improved understanding of the effects of environmental variables such as host surface characteristics, antibiotics, and other species of microorganisms on biofilms. This review summarizes the insights from frequently studied model microorganisms. We share a detailed list of organism-wide metabolites, commonly observed mass spectral adducts, culture conditions, strains of bacteria, substrate, broad problem definition, and details of the MS instrumentation, such as ionization sources and matrix, to facilitate future studies. We also compared the spatial characteristics of the secretome under different study designs to highlight changes because of various environmental influences. In addition, we highlight the current limitations of MSI in relation to biofilm characterization to enable cross-comparison between experiments. Overall, MSI has emerged to become an important approach for the spatial/chemical characterization of bacterial biofilms and its use will continue to grow as MSI becomes more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joenisse M Rosado-Rosa
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joshua D Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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7
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Meng Z, Tayyab M, Lin Z, Raji H, Javanmard M. A computer vision enhanced smart phone platform for microfluidic urine glucometry. Analyst 2024; 149:1719-1726. [PMID: 38334484 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Glucose is an important biomarker for diagnosing and prognosing various diseases, including diabetes and hypoglycemia, which can have severe side effects, symptoms, and even lead to death in patients. As a result, there is a need for quick and economical glucose level measurements to help identify those at potential risk. With the increase in smartphone users, portable smartphone glucose sensors are becoming popular. In this paper, we present a disposable microfluidic glucose sensor that accurately and rapidly quantifies glucose levels in human urine using a combination of colorimetric analysis and computer vision. This glucose sensor implements a disposable microfluidic device based on medical-grade tapes and glucose analysis strips on a glass slide integrated with a custom-made polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropump that accelerates capillary flow, making it economical, convenient, rapid, and equipment-free. After absorbing the target solution, the disposable device is slid into the 3D-printed main chassis and illuminated exclusively with Light Emitting Diode (LED) illumination, which is pivotal to color-sensitive experiments. After collecting images, the images are imported into the algorithm to measure the glucose levels using computer vision and average RGB values measurements. This article illustrates the impressive accuracy and consistency of the glucose sensor in quantifying glucose in sucrose water. This is evidenced by the close agreement between the computer vision method used by the sensor and the traditional method of measuring in the biology field, as well as the small variation observed between different sensor performances. The exponential regression curve used in the study further confirms the strong relationship between glucose concentrations and average RGB values, with an R-square value of 0.997 indicating a high degree of correlation between these variables. The article also emphasizes the potential transferability of the solution described to other types of assays and smartphone-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Meng
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Hassan Raji
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Hagemann C, Bailey MCD, Carraro E, Stankevich KS, Lionello VM, Khokhar N, Suklai P, Moreno-Gonzalez C, O’Toole K, Konstantinou G, Dix CL, Joshi S, Giagnorio E, Bergholt MS, Spicer CD, Imbert A, Tedesco FS, Serio A. Low-cost, versatile, and highly reproducible microfabrication pipeline to generate 3D-printed customised cell culture devices with complex designs. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002503. [PMID: 38478490 PMCID: PMC10936828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell culture devices, such as microwells and microfluidic chips, are designed to increase the complexity of cell-based models while retaining control over culture conditions and have become indispensable platforms for biological systems modelling. From microtopography, microwells, plating devices, and microfluidic systems to larger constructs such as live imaging chamber slides, a wide variety of culture devices with different geometries have become indispensable in biology laboratories. However, while their application in biological projects is increasing exponentially, due to a combination of the techniques, equipment and tools required for their manufacture, and the expertise necessary, biological and biomedical labs tend more often to rely on already made devices. Indeed, commercially developed devices are available for a variety of applications but are often costly and, importantly, lack the potential for customisation by each individual lab. The last point is quite crucial, as often experiments in wet labs are adapted to whichever design is already available rather than designing and fabricating custom systems that perfectly fit the biological question. This combination of factors still restricts widespread application of microfabricated custom devices in most biological wet labs. Capitalising on recent advances in bioengineering and microfabrication aimed at solving these issues, and taking advantage of low-cost, high-resolution desktop resin 3D printers combined with PDMS soft lithography, we have developed an optimised a low-cost and highly reproducible microfabrication pipeline. This is thought specifically for biomedical and biological wet labs with not prior experience in the field, which will enable them to generate a wide variety of customisable devices for cell culture and tissue engineering in an easy, fast reproducible way for a fraction of the cost of conventional microfabrication or commercial alternatives. This protocol is designed specifically to be a resource for biological labs with limited expertise in those techniques and enables the manufacture of complex devices across the μm to cm scale. We provide a ready-to-go pipeline for the efficient treatment of resin-based 3D-printed constructs for PDMS curing, using a combination of polymerisation steps, washes, and surface treatments. Together with the extensive characterisation of the fabrication pipeline, we show the utilisation of this system to a variety of applications and use cases relevant to biological experiments, ranging from micro topographies for cell alignments to complex multipart hydrogel culturing systems. This methodology can be easily adopted by any wet lab, irrespective of prior expertise or resource availability and will enable the wide adoption of tailored microfabricated devices across many fields of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Hagemann
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
| | - Matthew C. D. Bailey
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Carraro
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
| | - Ksenia S. Stankevich
- Department of Chemistry and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Maria Lionello
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noreen Khokhar
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pacharaporn Suklai
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
| | - Carmen Moreno-Gonzalez
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
| | - Kelly O’Toole
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
| | | | | | - Sudeep Joshi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Giagnorio
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neurology IV—Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Spicer
- Department of Chemistry and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Serio
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
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9
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Ma X, Yue Y, Li K, Meng Y, Wu Y. Bidirectional and Stepwise Rotation of Cells and Particles Using Induced Charge Electroosmosis Vortexes. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38534219 PMCID: PMC10968096 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The rotation of cells is of significant importance in various applications including bioimaging, biophysical analysis and microsurgery. Current methods usually require complicated fabrication processes. Herein, we proposed an induced charged electroosmosis (ICEO) based on a chip manipulation method for rotating cells. Under an AC electric field, symmetric ICEO flow microvortexes formed above the electrode surface can be used to trap and rotate cells. We have discussed the impact of ICEO and dielectrophoresis (DEP) under the experimental conditions. The capabilities of our method have been tested by investigating the precise rotation of yeast cells and K562 cells in a controllable manner. By adjusting the position of cells, the rotation direction can be changed based on the asymmetric ICEO microvortexes via applying a gate voltage to the gate electrode. Additionally, by applying a pulsed signal instead of a continuous signal, we can also precisely and flexibly rotate cells in a stepwise way. Our ICEO-based rotational manipulation method is an easy to use, biocompatible and low-cost technique, allowing rotation regardless of optical, magnetic or acoustic properties of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhexin Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuanbo Yue
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kemu Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yingqi Meng
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.M.); (K.L.); (Y.M.)
- Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400, China
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10
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Kalathil Balakrishnan H, Schultz AG, Lee SM, Alexander R, Dumée LF, Doeven EH, Yuan D, Guijt RM. 3D printed porous membrane integrated devices to study the chemoattractant induced behavioural response of aquatic organisms. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:505-516. [PMID: 38165774 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Biological models with genetic similarities to humans are used for exploratory research to develop behavioral screening tools and understand sensory-motor interactions. Their small, often mm-sized appearance raises challenges in the straightforward quantification of their subtle behavioral responses and calls for new, customisable research tools. 3D printing provides an attractive approach for the manufacture of custom designs at low cost; however, challenges remain in the integration of functional materials like porous membranes. Nanoporous membranes have been integrated with resin exchange using purpose-designed resins by digital light projection 3D printing to yield functionally integrated devices using a simple, economical and semi-automated process. Here, the impact of the layer thickness and layer number on the porous properties - parameters unique for 3D printing - are investigated, showing decreases in mean pore diameter and porosity with increasing layer height and layer number. From the same resin formulation, materials with average pore size between 200 and 600 nm and porosity between 45% and 61% were printed. Membrane-integrated devices were used to study the chemoattractant induced behavioural response of zebrafish embryos and planarians, both demonstrating a predominant behavioral response towards the chemoattractant, spending >85% of experiment time in the attractant side of the observation chamber. The presented 3D printing method can be used for printing custom designed membrane-integrated devices using affordable 3D printers and enable fine-tuning of porous properties through adjustment of layer height and number. This accessible approach is expected to be adopted for applications including behavioural studies, early-stage pre-clinical drug discovery and (environmental) toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Aaron G Schultz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
| | - Richard Alexander
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Centre on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Dan Yuan
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
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11
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Zoheir AE, Stolle C, Rabe KS. Microfluidics for adaptation of microorganisms to stress: design and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:162. [PMID: 38252163 PMCID: PMC10803453 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have fundamentally transformed the realm of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) for microorganisms by offering unparalleled control over environmental conditions, thereby optimizing mutant generation and desired trait selection. This review summarizes the substantial influence of microfluidic technologies and their design paradigms on microbial adaptation, with a primary focus on leveraging spatial stressor concentration gradients to enhance microbial growth in challenging environments. Specifically, microfluidic platforms tailored for scaled-down ALE processes not only enable highly autonomous and precise setups but also incorporate novel functionalities. These capabilities encompass fostering the growth of biofilms alongside planktonic cells, refining selection gradient profiles, and simulating adaptation dynamics akin to natural habitats. The integration of these aspects enables shaping phenotypes under pressure, presenting an unprecedented avenue for developing robust, stress-resistant strains, a feat not easily attainable using conventional ALE setups. The versatility of these microfluidic systems is not limited to fundamental research but also offers promising applications in various areas of stress resistance. As microfluidic technologies continue to evolve and merge with cutting-edge methodologies, they possess the potential not only to redefine the landscape of microbial adaptation studies but also to expedite advancements in various biotechnological areas. KEY POINTS: • Microfluidics enable precise microbial adaptation in controlled gradients. • Microfluidic ALE offers insights into stress resistance and distinguishes between resistance and persistence. • Integration of adaptation-influencing factors in microfluidic setups facilitates efficient generation of stress-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Zoheir
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Camilla Stolle
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG-1), Biomolecular Micro- and Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG-1), Biomolecular Micro- and Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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12
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Shaner S, Lu H, Lenz M, Garg S, Vlachos A, Asplund M. Brain stimulation-on-a-chip: a neuromodulation platform for brain slices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4967-4985. [PMID: 37909911 PMCID: PMC10661668 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of ex vivo brain tissue slices has been a method used to understand mechanisms imparted by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), but there are significant direct current electric field (dcEF) dosage and electrochemical by-product concerns in conventional experimental setups that may impact translational findings. Therefore, we developed an on-chip platform with fluidic, electrochemical, and magnetically-induced spatial control. Fluidically, the chamber geometrically confines precise dcEF delivery to the enclosed brain slice and allows for tissue recovery in order to monitor post-stimulation effects. Electrochemically, conducting hydrogel electrodes mitigate stimulation-induced faradaic reactions typical of commonly-used metal electrodes. Magnetically, we applied ferromagnetic substrates beneath the tissue and used an external permanent magnet to enable in situ rotational control in relation to the dcEF. By combining the microfluidic chamber with live-cell calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings, we showcased the potential to study the acute and lasting effects of dcEFs with the potential of providing multi-session stimulation. This on-chip bioelectronic platform presents a modernized yet simple solution to electrically stimulate explanted tissue by offering more environmental control to users, which unlocks new opportunities to conduct thorough brain stimulation mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Shaner
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Han Lu
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shreyash Garg
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- MSc Neuroscience Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Maria Asplund
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Chalmersplatsen 4, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 79187 Luleå, Sweden
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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13
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Liu Y, Liu R, Liu H, Lyu T, Chen K, Jin K, Tian Y. Breast tumor-on-chip: from the tumor microenvironment to medical applications. Analyst 2023; 148:5822-5842. [PMID: 37850340 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of microfluidic technology, tumor-on-chip models have gradually become a new tool for the study of breast cancer because they can simulate more key factors of the tumor microenvironment compared with traditional models in vitro. Here, we review up-to-date advancements in breast tumor-on-chip models. We summarize and analyze the breast tumor microenvironment (TME), preclinical breast cancer models for TME simulation, fabrication methods of tumor-on-chip models, tumor-on-chip models for TME reconstruction, and applications of breast tumor-on-chip models and provide a perspective on breast tumor-on-chip models. This review will contribute to the construction and design of microenvironments for breast tumor-on-chip models, even the development of the pharmaceutical field, personalized/precision therapy, and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - He Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Tong Lyu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Kaiming Jin
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan, 528300, China
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14
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Meng Z, Raji H, Tayyab M, Javanmard M. Cell phone microscopy enabled low-cost manufacturable colorimetric urine glucose test. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:43. [PMID: 37930426 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose serves as a pivotal biomarker crucial for the monitoring and diagnosis of a spectrum of medical conditions, encompassing hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and diabetes, all of which may precipitate severe clinical manifestations in individuals. As a result, there is a growing demand within the medical domain for the development of rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly diagnostic tools. In this research article, we introduce an innovative glucose sensor that relies on microfluidic devices meticulously crafted from disposable, medical-grade tapes. These devices incorporate glucose urine analysis strips securely affixed to microscope glass slides. The microfluidic channels are intricately created through laser cutting, representing a departure from traditional cleanroom techniques. This approach streamlines production processes, enhances cost-efficiency, and obviates the need for specialized equipment. Subsequent to the absorption of the target solution, the disposable device is enclosed within a 3D-printed housing. Image capture is seamlessly facilitated through the use of a smartphone camera for subsequent colorimetric analysis. Our study adeptly demonstrates the glucose sensor's capability to accurately quantify glucose concentrations within sucrose solutions. This is achieved by employing an exponential regression model, elucidating the intricate relationship between glucose concentrations and average RGB (Red-Green-Blue) values. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis reveals minimal variation in sensor performance across different instances. Significantly, this study underscores the potential adaptability and versatility of our solution for a wide array of assay types and smartphone-based sensor systems, making it particularly promising for deployment in resource-constrained settings and undeveloped countries. The robust correlation established between glucose concentrations and average RGB values, substantiated by an impressive R-square value of 0.98709, underscores the effectiveness and reliability of our pioneering approach within the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Meng
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA.
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15
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Zhang Y, Young P, Traini D, Li M, Ong HX, Cheng S. Challenges and current advances in in vitro biofilm characterization. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300074. [PMID: 37477959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix, which develop over time and exhibit temporal responses to stimuli from internal biological processes or external environmental changes. They can be detrimental, threatening public health and causing economic loss, while they also play beneficial roles in ecosystem health, biotechnology processes, and industrial settings. Biofilms express extreme heterogeneity in their physical properties and structural composition, resulting in critical challenges in understanding them comprehensively. The lack of detailed knowledge of biofilms and their phenotypes has deterred significant progress in developing strategies to control their negative impacts and take advantage of their beneficial applications. A range of in vitro models and characterization tools have been developed and used to study biofilm growth and, specifically, to investigate the impact of environmental and growth factors on their development. This review article discusses the existing knowledge of biofilm properties and explains how external factors, such as flow condition, surface, interface, and host factor, may impact biofilm growth. The limitations of current tools, techniques, and in vitro models that are currently used for biofilms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Zhang N, Li C, Dou X, Du Y, Tian F. Test Article for automation purposes. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023; 53:1969-1989. [PMID: 37881955 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2042999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Digital recombinase polymerase amplification (dRPA) aims to quantify the initial amount of nucleic acid by dividing nucleic acid and all reagents required for the RPA reaction evenly into numerous individual reaction units, such as chambers or droplets. dRPA turns out to be a prominent technique for quantifying the absolute quantity of target nucleic acid because of its advantages including low equipment requirements, short time consumption, as well as high sensitivity and specificity. dRPA combined with microfluidics are recognized as simple, various, and high-throughput nucleic acid quantization systems. This paper classifies the microfluidic dRPA systems over the last decade. We analyze and summarize the vital technologies of various microfluidic dRPA systems (e.g., chip preparation process, segmentation principle, microfluidic control, and statistical analysis methods), and major efforts to address limitations (e.g., prevention of evaporation and contamination, accurate initiation, and reduction of manual operation). In addition, this paper summarizes key factors and potential constraints to the success of the microfluidic dRPA to help more researchers, and possible strategies to overcome the mentioned challenges. Lastly, actual suggestions and strategies are proposed for the subsequent development of microfluidic dRPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuechen Dou
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaohua Du
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
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17
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Shinde P, Shinde A, Kar S, Illath K, Nagai M, Tseng FG, Santra TS. Ultrathin SU-8 membrane for highly efficient tunable cell patterning and massively parallel large biomolecular delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4636-4651. [PMID: 37655799 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell patterning is a powerful technique for the precise control and arrangement of cells, enabling detailed single-cell analysis with broad applications in therapeutics, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. This study presents a novel and efficient technique that enables massively parallel high throughput cell patterning and precise delivery of small to large biomolecules into patterned cells. The innovative cell patterning device proposed in this study is a standalone, ultrathin 3D SU-8 micro-stencil membrane, with a thickness of 10 μm. It features an array of micro-holes ranging from 40 μm to 80 μm, spaced apart by 50 μm to 150 μm. By culturing cells on top of this SU-8 membrane, the technique achieves highly efficient cell patterns varying from single-cell to cell clusters on a Petri dish. Utilizing this technique, we have achieved a remarkable reproducible patterning efficiency for mouse fibroblast L929 (80.5%), human cervical SiHa (81%), and human neuroblastoma IMR32 (89.6%) with less than 1% defects in undesired areas. Single-cell patterning efficiency was observed to be highest at 75.8% for L929 cells. Additionally, we have demonstrated massively parallel high throughput uniform transfection of large biomolecules into live patterned cells by employing an array of titanium micro-rings (10 μm outer diameter, 3 μm inner diameter) activated through infrared light pulses. Successful delivery of a wide range of small to very large biomolecules, including propidium iodide (PI) dye (668.4 Da), dextran (3 kDa), siRNA (13.3 kDa), and β-galactosidase enzyme (465 kDa), was accomplished in cell patterns for various cancer cells. Notably, our platform achieved exceptional delivery efficiencies of 97% for small molecules like PI dye and 84% for the enzyme, with corresponding high cell viability of 100% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, the compact and reusable SU-8-based membrane device facilitates highly efficient cell patterning, transfection, and cell viability, making it a promising tool for diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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18
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Arango-Santander S, Martinez C, Bedoya-Correa C, Sanchez-Garzon J, Franco J. Assessment of Polydopamine to Reduce Streptococcus mutans Adhesion to a Dental Polymer. Pathogens 2023; 12:1223. [PMID: 37887739 PMCID: PMC10609920 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to the surface of materials is the first step in biofilm formation, which will lead to conditions that may compromise the health status of patients. Recently, polydopamine (PDA) has been proposed as an antibacterial material. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to assess and compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) discs that were modified using PDA following a biomimetic approach versus smooth PDA-coated PMMA surfaces. In addition, an assessment of the growth inhibition by PDA was performed. PMMA discs were manufactured and polished; soft lithography, using the topography from the Crocosmia aurea leaf, was used to modify their surface. PDA was used to smooth-coat PMMA discs by dip-coating. The growth inhibition was measured using an inhibition halo. The surfaces were characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the contact angle (CA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Polydopamine exhibited a significant antibacterial effect when used directly on the S. mutans planktonic cells, but such an effect was not as strong when modifying the PMMA surfaces. These results open the possibility of using polydopamine to reduce the adhesion and growth of S. mutans, which might have important consequences in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Arango-Santander
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Carlos Martinez
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Claudia Bedoya-Correa
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
| | | | - John Franco
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
- Salud y Sostenibilidad Group, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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19
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Pandian SK, Broom M, Balzan M, Willmott GR. Influence of rheology and micropatterns on spreading, retraction and fingering of an impacting drop. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6784-6796. [PMID: 37646074 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheology and surface microstructure affect many drop impact processes, including in emerging printing and patterning applications. This study reports on experiments systematically addressing the influence of these parameters on drop impacts. The experiments involved drop impacts of water, glycerol, and shear-thinning carbopol solutions on ten different microstructured surfaces, captured using high-speed photography. The impact Weber number (We) was varied from 70 to 350, and the microstructures consisted of 20 μm wide pillars with circular and square cross sections arranged in square arrays. The data focus on maximum spreading, retraction rates, threshold conditions for asymmetric (non-circular) spreading, and fingers protruding from the spreading rim. The extent of spreading was reduced by the presence of micropillars, and was well-explained using a hybrid scaling model. The drop retraction rate () showed moderate agreement with the inertial regime scaling ∝ We-0.50, but did decrease with effective viscosity. Retraction was slower when the contact line was pinned on surfaces that were flat or had relatively tall or closely-spaced pillars, and was disrupted by drop break-up at We ≳ 250 for low-viscosity fluids. Impact velocities at the onset of asymmetric spreading had weak dependence on viscosity. Fingers were more numerous for greater We, lower effective viscosity, lower pillar height, and for pillars with square cross-sections. Fingers were favoured in directions parallel to the rows of the pillar array, especially near the onset of finger formation. Consistent comparisons between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were enabled by calculating an effective Reynolds number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Pandian
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Matheu Broom
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Miguel Balzan
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Geoff R Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Ma ZC, Fan J, Wang H, Chen W, Yang GZ, Han B. Microfluidic Approaches for Microactuators: From Fabrication, Actuation, to Functionalization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300469. [PMID: 36855777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microactuators can autonomously convert external energy into specific mechanical motions. With the feature sizes varying from the micrometer to millimeter scale, microactuators offer many operation and control possibilities for miniaturized devices. In recent years, advanced microfluidic techniques have revolutionized the fabrication, actuation, and functionalization of microactuators. Microfluidics can not only facilitate fabrication with continuously changing materials but also deliver various signals to stimulate the microactuators as desired, and consequently improve microfluidic chips with multiple functions. Herein, this cross-field that systematically correlates microactuator properties and microfluidic functions is comprehensively reviewed. The fabrication strategies are classified into two types according to the flow state of the microfluids: stop-flow and continuous-flow prototyping. The working mechanism of microactuators in microfluidic chips is discussed in detail. Finally, the applications of microactuator-enriched functional chips, which include tunable imaging devices, micromanipulation tools, micromotors, and microsensors, are summarized. The existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. It is believed that with the rapid progress of this cutting-edge field, intelligent microsystems may realize high-throughput manipulation, characterization, and analysis of tiny objects and find broad applications in various fields, such as tissue engineering, micro/nanorobotics, and analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Chen Ma
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiahao Fan
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hesheng Wang
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Fang W, Tao Z, Li H, Yin S, Xu T, Huang Y, Wong T. AC-electric-field-controlled multi-component droplet coalescence at microscale. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2341-2355. [PMID: 37078784 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Droplet coalescence with fast response, high controllability and monodispersity has been widely investigated in industrial production and bioengineering. Especially for droplets with multiple components, programmable manipulation of such droplets is crucial for practical applications. However, precise control of the dynamics can be challenging, owing to the complex boundaries and the interfacial and fluidic properties. AC electric fields, with their fast response and high flexibility, have attracted our interest. We design and fabricate an improved flow-focusing microchannel configuration together with a non-contact type of electrode featuring asymmetric geometries, based on which we conduct systematic investigations of the AC-electric-field-controlled coalescence of multi-component droplets at the microscale. Parameters such as flow rates, component ratio, surface tension, electric permittivity and conductivity were given our attention. The results show that droplet coalescence in different flow parameters can be achieved in milliseconds by adjusting the electrical conditions, which shows high controllability. Specifically, both the coalescence region and reaction time can be adjusted by a combination of applied voltage and frequency, and unique merging phenomena have appeared. One is contact coalescence with the approach of paired droplets, while the other is squeezing coalescence, which occurs in the start position and promotes the merging process. The fluid properties, such as the electric permittivity, conductivity and surface tension, present a significant influence on merging behavior. The increasing relative dielectric constant leads to a dramatic reduction of the start merging voltage from the original 250 V to 30 V. The range of effective voltage for coalescence decreases with the addition of surfactant, offering a stricter and yet higher selectivity on electrical conditions, about 1500 V. The conductivity presents a negative correlation with the start merging voltage due to the reduction of the dielectric stress, from 400 V to 1500 V. Finally, we achieve the precise fabrication process of the Janus droplet via implementation of the proposed method, where the components of the droplets and the coalescence conditions are well controlled. Our results can serve as a potent methodology to decipher the physics of multi-component droplet electro-coalescence and contribute to applications in chemical synthesis, bioassay and material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhi Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Haiwang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shuai Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tiantong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Teckneng Wong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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22
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Chang Y, Wang Y, Li W, Wei Z, Tang S, Chen R. Mechanisms, Techniques and Devices of Airborne Virus Detection: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5471. [PMID: 37107752 PMCID: PMC10138381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne viruses, such as COVID-19, cause pandemics all over the world. Virus-containing particles produced by infected individuals are suspended in the air for extended periods, actually resulting in viral aerosols and the spread of infectious diseases. Aerosol collection and detection devices are essential for limiting the spread of airborne virus diseases. This review provides an overview of the primary mechanisms and enhancement techniques for collecting and detecting airborne viruses. Indoor virus detection strategies for scenarios with varying ventilations are also summarized based on the excellent performance of existing advanced comprehensive devices. This review provides guidance for the development of future aerosol detection devices and aids in the control of airborne transmission diseases, such as COVID-19, influenza and other airborne transmission viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zewen Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shichuan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China; (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
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23
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Kim YT, Ahmadianyazdi A, Folch A. A 'print-pause-print' protocol for 3D printing microfluidics using multimaterial stereolithography. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1243-1259. [PMID: 36609643 PMCID: PMC10101882 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods to make microfluidic chips using 3D printers have attracted much attention because these simple procedures allow rapid fabrication of ready-to-use products from digital 3D designs with minimal human intervention. Printing high-resolution chips that are simultaneously transparent, biocompatible and contain regions of dissimilar materials is an ongoing challenge. Transparency allows for the optical inspection of specimens containing cells and labeled biomolecules inside the chip. Being able to use different materials for different layers in the product increases the number of potential applications. In this 'print-pause-print' protocol, we describe detailed strategies for fabricating transparent biomicrofluidic devices and multimaterial chips using stereolithographic 3D printing. To print transparent biomicrofluidic chips, we developed a transparent resin based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) (average molecular weight: 250 g/mol, PEG-DA-250) and a smooth chip surface technique achieved using glass. Cells can be successfully cultured and visualized on PEG-DA-250 prints and inside PEG-DA-250 microchannels. The multimaterial potential of the technique is exemplified using a molecular diffusion device that comprises parts made of two different materials: the channel walls, which are water impermeable, and a porous barrier structure, which is permeable to small molecules that diffuse through it. The two materials were prepared from two different molecular-weight PEG-DA-based printing resins. Alignment of the two dissimilar material structures is performed automatically by the printer during the printing process, which only requires a simple pause step to exchange the resins. The procedure takes less than 1 h and can facilitate chip-based applications including biomolecule analysis, cell biology, organ-on-a-chip and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Tech University of Korea, Siheung-si, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensors and Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:3508-3531. [PMID: 36877442 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable development of human society in today's high-tech world depends on some form of eco-friendly energy source because existing technologies cannot keep up with the rapid population expansion and the vast amounts of wastewater that result from human activity. A green technology called a microbial fuel cell (MFC) focuses on using biodegradable trash as a substrate to harness the power of bacteria to produce bioenergy. Production of bioenergy and wastewater treatment are the two main uses of MFC. MFCs have also been used in biosensors, water desalination, polluted soil remediation, and the manufacture of chemicals like methane and formate. MFC-based biosensors have gained a lot of attention in the last few decades due to their straightforward operating principle and long-term viability, with a wide range of applications including bioenergy production, treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater, biological oxygen demand, toxicity detection, microbial activity detection, and air quality monitoring, etc. This review focuses on several MFC types and their functions, including the detection of microbial activity.
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25
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Jeong Y, Irudayaraj J. Hierarchical encapsulation of bacteria in functional hydrogel beads for inter- and intra- species communication. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:203-215. [PMID: 36632875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To sequester prokaryotic cells in a biofilm-like niche, the creation of a pertinent and reliable microenvironment that reflects the heterogeneous nature of biological systems is vital for sustenance. Design of a microenvironment that is conducive for growth and survival of organisms, should account for factors such as mass transport, porosity, stability, elasticity, size, functionality, and biochemical characteristics of the organisms in the confined architecture. In this work we present an artificial long-term confinement model fabricated by natural alginate hydrogels that are structurally stable and can host organisms for over 10 days in physiologically relevant conditions. A unique feature of the confinement platform is the development of stratified habitats wherein bacterial cells can be entrapped in the core as well as in the shell layers, wherein the thickness and the number of shell layers are tunable at fabrication. We show that the hydrogel microenvironment in the beads can host complex subpopulations of organisms similar to that in a biofilm. Dynamic interaction of bacterial colonies encapsulated in different beads or within the core and stratified layers of single beads was demonstrated to show intra- species communication. Inter- species communication between probiotic bacteria and human colorectal carcinoma cells was also demonstrated to highlight a possible bidirectional communication between the organisms in the beads and the environment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacteria confinement in a natural soft hydrogel structure has always been a challenge due to the collapse of hydrogel architectures. Alternative methods have been attempted to encapsulate microorganisms by employing various processes to avoid/minimize rupturing of hydrogel structures. However, most of the past approaches have been unfavorable in balancing cell proliferation and functionality upon confinement. Our study addresses the fundamental gap in knowledge necessary to create favorable and complex 3D biofilm mimics utilizing natural hydrogel for microbial colonization for long-term studies. Our approach represents a cornerstone in the development of 3D functional architectures not only to advance studies in microbial communication, host-microbe interaction but also to address basic and fundamental questions in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
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26
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Ramos G, Toulouze C, Rima M, Liot O, Duru P, Davit Y. Ultraviolet control of bacterial biofilms in microfluidic chips. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024107. [PMID: 37124629 PMCID: PMC10132849 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic systems have been instrumental in better understanding couplings between physical mechanisms and bacterial biofilm processes, such as hydrodynamic effects. However, precise control of the growth conditions, for example, the initial distribution of cells on the substrate or the boundary conditions in a flow system, has remained challenging. Furthermore, undesired bacterial colonization in crucial parts of the systems, in particular, in mixing zones or tubing, is an important factor that strongly limits the duration of the experiments and, therefore, impedes our ability to study the biophysics of biofilm evolving over long periods of time, as found in the environment, in engineering, or in medicine. Here, we develop a new approach that uses ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to confine bacterial development to specific zones of interest in the flow channels. The LEDs are integrated into a 3D printed light guide that is positioned upon the chip and used to irradiate germicidal UV-C directly through the PDMS. We first demonstrate that this system is successful in controlling undesired growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in inlet and outlet mixing zones during 48 h. We further illustrate how this can be used to define the initial distribution of bacteria to perturb already formed biofilms during an experiment and to control colonization for seven days-and possibly longer periods of time-therefore opening the way toward long-term biofilm experiments in microfluidic devices. Our approach is easily generalizable to existing devices at low cost and may, thus, become a standard in biofilm experiments in PDMS microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ramos
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Toulouze
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Maya Rima
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Liot
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Duru
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Davit
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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27
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Durand-Smet P, Chevallier A, Colin L, Malivert A, Melogno I, Hamant O. Single-Cell Confinement Methods to Study Plant Cytoskeleton. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:63-75. [PMID: 36773225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cytoskeletal research in animal systems has been accompanied by the development of single-cell systems (e.g., fibroblasts in culture). Single-cell systems exist for plant research, but the presence of a cell wall hinders the possibility to relate cytoskeleton dynamics to changes in cell shape or in mechanical stress pattern. Here we present two protocols to confine wall-less plant protoplasts in microwells with defined geometries. Either protocol might be more or less adapted to the question at hand. For instance, when using microwells made of agarose, the composition of the well can be easily modified to analyze the impact of biochemical cues. When using microwells in a stiff polymer (NOA73), protoplasts can be pressurized, and the wall of the well can be coated with cell wall components. Using both protocols, we could analyze microtubule and actin dynamics in vivo while also revealing the relative contribution of geometry and stress in their self-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Durand-Smet
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Cité, Paris cedex 13, France.
| | - Antoine Chevallier
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Léia Colin
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Alice Malivert
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Isaty Melogno
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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28
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Rojas-Rodríguez M, Fiaschi T, Mannelli M, Mortati L, Celegato F, Wiersma DS, Parmeggiani C, Martella D. Cellular Contact Guidance on Liquid Crystalline Networks with Anisotropic Roughness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 36791024 PMCID: PMC10037237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell contact guidance is widely employed to manipulate cell alignment and differentiation in vitro. The use of nano- or micro-patterned substrates allows efficient control of cell organization, thus opening up to biological models that cannot be reproduced spontaneously on standard culture dishes. In this paper, we explore the concept of cell contact guidance by Liquid Crystalline Networks (LCNs) presenting different surface topographies obtained by self-assembly of the monomeric mixture. The materials are prepared by photopolymerization of a low amount of diacrylate monomer dissolved in a liquid crystalline solvent, not participating in the reaction. The alignment of the liquid crystals, obtained before polymerization, determines the scaffold morphology, characterized by a nanometric structure. Such materials are able to drive the organization of different cell lines, e.g., fibroblasts and myoblasts, allowing for the alignment of single cells or high-density cell cultures. These results demonstrate the capabilities of rough surfaces prepared from the spontaneous assembly of liquid crystals to control biological models without the need of lithographic patterning or complex fabrication procedures. Interestingly, during myoblast differentiation, also myotube structuring in linear arrays is observed along the LCN fiber orientation. The implementation of this technology will open up to the formation of muscular tissue with well-aligned fibers in vitro mimicking the structure of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojas-Rodríguez
- European
Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department
of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- Department
of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mortati
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Celegato
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Diederik S. Wiersma
- European
Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Florence, via Sansone
1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Camilla Parmeggiani
- European
Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3−13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniele Martella
- European
Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
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29
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Tolabi H, Davari N, Khajehmohammadi M, Malektaj H, Nazemi K, Vahedi S, Ghalandari B, Reis RL, Ghorbani F, Oliveira JM. Progress of Microfluidic Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds and Organ-on-Chips for the Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2208852. [PMID: 36633376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration is among the fundamental reasons behind disability and pain across the globe. Numerous approaches have been employed to treat cartilage diseases. Nevertheless, none have shown acceptable outcomes in the long run. In this regard, the convergence of tissue engineering and microfabrication principles can allow developing more advanced microfluidic technologies, thus offering attractive alternatives to current treatments and traditional constructs used in tissue engineering applications. Herein, the current developments involving microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds, promising structures for cartilage regeneration, ranging from hydrogels with microfluidic channels to hydrogels prepared by the microfluidic devices, that enable therapeutic delivery of cells, drugs, and growth factors, as well as cartilage-related organ-on-chips are reviewed. Thereafter, cartilage anatomy and types of damages, and present treatment options are briefly overviewed. Various hydrogels are introduced, and the advantages of microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds over traditional hydrogels are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, available technologies for fabricating microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds and microfluidic chips are presented. The preclinical and clinical applications of microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds in cartilage regeneration and the development of cartilage-related microfluidic chips over time are further explained. The current developments, recent key challenges, and attractive prospects that should be considered so as to develop microfluidic systems in cartilage repair are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Tolabi
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Niyousha Davari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 143951561, Iran
| | - Mehran Khajehmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8916877391, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Malektaj
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Nazemi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Samaneh Vahedi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 34149-16818, Iran
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
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30
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Meng Z, Tayyab M, Lin Z, Raji H, Javanmard M. A Smartphone-Based Disposable Hemoglobin Sensor Based on Colorimetric Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:394. [PMID: 36616992 PMCID: PMC9823837 DOI: 10.3390/s23010394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin is a biomarker of interest for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases such as anemia, sickle cell disease, and thalassemia. In this paper, we present a disposable device that has the potential of being used in a setting for accurately quantifying hemoglobin levels in whole blood based on colorimetric analysis using a smartphone camera. Our biosensor employs a disposable microfluidic chip which is made using medical-grade tapes and filter paper on a glass slide in conjunction with a custom-made PolyDimethylSiloaxane (PDMS) micropump for enhancing capillary flow. Once the blood flows through the device, the glass slide is imaged using a smartphone equipped with a custom 3D printed attachment. The attachment has a Light Emitting Diode (LED) that functions as an independent light source to reduce the noise caused by background illumination and external light sources. We then use the RGB values obtained from the image to quantify the hemoglobin levels. We demonstrated the capability of our device for quantifying hemoglobin in Bovine Hemoglobin Powder, Frozen Beef Blood, and human blood. We present a logarithmic model that specifies the relationship between the Red channel of the RGB values and Hemoglobin concentration.
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31
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Duran C, Zhang S, Yang C, Falco ML, Cravo-Laureau C, Suzuki-Minakuchi C, Nojiri H, Duran R, Sassa F. Low-cost gel-filled microwell array device for screening marine microbial consortium. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031439. [PMID: 36590440 PMCID: PMC9800614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to exploit the microbes present in the environment for their beneficial resources, effective selection and isolation of microbes from environmental samples is essential. In this study, we fabricated a gel-filled microwell array device using resin for microbial culture. The device has an integrated sealing mechanism that enables high-density isolation based on the culture of microorganisms; the device is easily manageable, facilitating observation using bright-field microscopy. This low-cost device made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has 900 microwells (600 μm × 600 μm × 700 μm) filled with a microbial culture gel medium in glass slide-sized plates. It also has grooves for maintaining the moisture content in the micro-gel. The partition wall between the wells has a highly hydrophobic coating to inhibit microbial migration to neighboring wells and to prevent exchange of liquid substances. After being hermetically sealed, the device can maintain moisture in the agarose gels for 7 days. In the bacterial culture experiment using this device, environmental bacteria were isolated and cultured in individual wells after 3 days. Moreover, the isolated bacteria were then picked up from wells and re-cultured. This device is effective for the first screening of microorganisms from marine environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Duran
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chongyang Yang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Lorena Falco
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | | | - Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nojiri
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Duran
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France,*Correspondence: Robert Duran, ; Fumihiro Sassa,
| | - Fumihiro Sassa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,*Correspondence: Robert Duran, ; Fumihiro Sassa,
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32
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Sun Y, Zhang F, Li L, Chen K, Wang S, Ouyang Q, Luo C. Two-Layered Microfluidic Devices for High-Throughput Dynamic Analysis of Synthetic Gene Circuits in E. coli. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3954-3965. [PMID: 36283074 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common chassis for synthetic gene circuit studies. In addition to the dose-response of synthetic gene circuits, the analysis of dynamic responses is also an important part of the future design of more complicated synthetic systems. Recently, microfluidic-based methods have been widely used for the analysis of gene expression dynamics. Here, we established a two-layered microfluidic platform for the systematic characterization of synthetic gene circuits (eight strains in eight different culture environments could be observed simultaneously with a 5 min time resolution). With this platform, both dose responses and dynamic responses with a high temporal resolution could be easily derived for further analysis. A controlled environment ensures the stability of the bacterial growth rate, excluding changes in gene expression dynamics caused by changes of the growth dilution rate. The precise environmental switch and automatic micrograph shooting ensured that there was nearly no time lag between the inducer addition and the data recording. We studied four four-node incoherent-feedforward-loop (IFFL) networks with different operators using this device. The experimental results showed that as the effect of inhibition increased, two of the IFFL networks generated pulselike dynamic gene expressions in the range of the inducer concentrations, which was different from the dynamics of the two other circuits with only a simple pattern of rising to the platform. Through fitting the dose-response curves and the dynamic response curves, corresponding parameters were derived and introduced to a simple model that could qualitatively explain the generation of pulse dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Lusi Li
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Kaiyue Chen
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325001, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325001, China
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33
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An RNA sponge controls quorum sensing dynamics and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7585. [PMID: 36482060 PMCID: PMC9732341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) acting in concert with the RNA chaperone Hfq are prevalent in many bacteria and typically act by base-pairing with multiple target transcripts. In the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, sRNAs play roles in various processes including antibiotic tolerance, competence, and quorum sensing (QS). Here, we use RIL-seq (RNA-interaction-by-ligation-and-sequencing) to identify Hfq-interacting sRNAs and their targets in V. cholerae. We find hundreds of sRNA-mRNA interactions, as well as RNA duplexes formed between two sRNA regulators. Further analysis of these duplexes identifies an RNA sponge, termed QrrX, that base-pairs with and inactivates the Qrr1-4 sRNAs, which are known to modulate the QS pathway. Transcription of qrrX is activated by QrrT, a previously uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator. Our results indicate that QrrX and QrrT are required for rapid conversion from individual to community behaviours in V. cholerae.
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34
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Allard P, Papazotos F, Potvin-Trottier L. Microfluidics for long-term single-cell time-lapse microscopy: Advances and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:968342. [PMID: 36312536 PMCID: PMC9597311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.968342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are inherently dynamic, whether they are responding to environmental conditions or simply at equilibrium, with biomolecules constantly being made and destroyed. Due to their small volumes, the chemical reactions inside cells are stochastic, such that genetically identical cells display heterogeneous behaviors and gene expression profiles. Studying these dynamic processes is challenging, but the development of microfluidic methods enabling the tracking of individual prokaryotic cells with microscopy over long time periods under controlled growth conditions has led to many discoveries. This review focuses on the recent developments of one such microfluidic device nicknamed the mother machine. We overview the original device design, experimental setup, and challenges associated with this platform. We then describe recent methods for analyzing experiments using automated image segmentation and tracking. We further discuss modifications to the experimental setup that allow for time-varying environmental control, replicating batch culture conditions, cell screening based on their dynamic behaviors, and to accommodate a variety of microbial species. Finally, this review highlights the discoveries enabled by this technology in diverse fields, such as cell-size control, genetic mutations, cellular aging, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Allard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fotini Papazotos
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Potvin-Trottier
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Laurent Potvin-Trottier,
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Simitian G, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Beebe DJ, Kosoff D. Microfluidics in vascular biology research: a critical review for engineers, biologists, and clinicians. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3618-3636. [PMID: 36047330 PMCID: PMC9530010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, has received much research attention due to its implications for physiological processes and diseases. Most studies using traditional in vitro and in vivo platforms find challenges in recapitulating key cellular and mechanical cues of the neovascularization processes. Microfluidic in vitro models have been presented as an alternative to these limitations due to their capacity to leverage microscale physics to control cell organization and integrate biochemical and mechanical cues, such as shear stress, cell-cell interactions, or nutrient gradients, making them an ideal option for recapitulating organ physiology. Much has been written about the use of microfluidics in vascular biology models from an engineering perspective. However, a review introducing the different models, components and progress for new potential adopters of these technologies was absent in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to approach the use of microfluidic technologies in vascular biology from a perspective of biological hallmarks to be studied and written for a wide audience ranging from clinicians to engineers. Here we review applications of microfluidics in vascular biology research, starting with design considerations and fabrication techniques. After that, we review the state of the art in recapitulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, according to the hallmarks recapitulated and complexity of the models. Finally, we discuss emerging research areas in neovascularization, such as drug discovery, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigor Simitian
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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36
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Hermans L, Kaynak M, Braun J, Ríos VL, Chen CL, Friedberg A, Günel S, Aymanns F, Sakar MS, Ramdya P. Microengineered devices enable long-term imaging of the ventral nerve cord in behaving adult Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5006. [PMID: 36008386 PMCID: PMC9411199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics and connectivity of neural circuits continuously change on timescales ranging from milliseconds to an animal's lifetime. Therefore, to understand biological networks, minimally invasive methods are required to repeatedly record them in behaving animals. Here we describe a suite of devices that enable long-term optical recordings of the adult Drosophila melanogaster ventral nerve cord (VNC). These consist of transparent, numbered windows to replace thoracic exoskeleton, compliant implants to displace internal organs, a precision arm to assist implantation, and a hinged stage to repeatedly tether flies. To validate and illustrate our toolkit we (i) show minimal impact on animal behavior and survival, (ii) follow the degradation of chordotonal organ mechanosensory nerve terminals over weeks after leg amputation, and (iii) uncover waves of neural activity caffeine ingestion. Thus, our long-term imaging toolkit opens up the investigation of premotor and motor circuit adaptations in response to injury, drug ingestion, aging, learning, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hermans
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Microbiorobotic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murat Kaynak
- Microbiorobotic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Braun
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Lobato Ríos
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chin-Lin Chen
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Friedberg
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Semih Günel
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Computer Vision Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Aymanns
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Microbiorobotic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pavan Ramdya
- Neuroengineering Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute & Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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37
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Multifunctional surface coating using chitosan and its chemical functionalization. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Bashir F, Kovács S, Ábrahám Á, Nagy K, Ayaydin F, Valkony-Kelemen I, Ferenc G, Galajda P, Tóth SZ, Sass L, Kós PB, Vass I, Szabó M. Viable protoplast formation of the coral endosymbiont alga Symbiodinium spp. in a microfluidics platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2986-2999. [PMID: 35588270 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Symbiodiniaceae is an important dinoflagellate family which lives in endosymbiosis with reef invertebrates, including coral polyps, making them central to the holobiont. With coral reefs currently under extreme threat from climate change, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding on the stress tolerance and stress avoidance mechanisms of Symbiodinium spp. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen are central players in mediating various stress responses; however, the detection of ROS using specific dyes is still far from definitive in intact Symbiodinium cells due to the hindrance of uptake of certain fluorescent dyes because of the presence of the cell wall. Protoplast technology provides a promising platform for studying oxidative stress with the main advantage of removed cell wall, however the preparation of viable protoplasts remains a significant challenge. Previous studies have successfully applied cellulose-based protoplast preparation in Symbiodiniaceae; however, the protoplast formation and regeneration process was found to be suboptimal. Here, we present a microfluidics-based platform which allowed protoplast isolation from individually trapped Symbiodinium cells, by using a precisely adjusted flow of cell wall digestion enzymes (cellulase and macerozyme). Trapped single cells exhibited characteristic changes in their morphology, cessation of cell division and a slight decrease in photosynthetic activity during protoplast formation. Following digestion and transfer to regeneration medium, protoplasts remained photosynthetically active, regrew cell walls, regained motility, and entered exponential growth. Elevated flow rates in the microfluidic chambers resulted in somewhat faster protoplast formation; however, cell wall digestion at higher flow rates partially compromised photosynthetic activity. Physiologically competent protoplasts prepared from trapped cells in microfluidic chambers allowed for the first time the visualization of the intracellular localization of singlet oxygen (using Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green dye) in Symbiodiniaceae, potentially opening new avenues for studying oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Bashir
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Ábrahám
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Valkony-Kelemen
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Ferenc
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Galajda
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Sass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter B Kós
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Milán Szabó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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39
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Yang L, Hung LY, Zhu Y, Ding S, Margolis KG, Leong KW. Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9804014. [PMID: 35958108 PMCID: PMC9343081 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9804014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human health. Currently, however, a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is lacking. To bridge the gap, the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of "material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health." By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials, gut-microbiome axis, neuroscience, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and biosensing in a dialogue, our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut microbiome. For this purpose, state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study, analysis, and manipulation of the gut microbiome, including intestinal organoids, gut-on-chip models, hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions, microbiome biosensors, and oral bacteria delivery systems. In addition, a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the axis. Lastly, perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research, as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical translation. In this way, we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Y. Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suwan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara G. Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Zhang N, Li C, Dou X, Du Y, Tian F. Overview and Future Perspectives of Microfluidic Digital Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (dRPA). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 52:1969-1989. [PMID: 35201910 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2042669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Digital recombinase polymerase amplification (dRPA) aims to quantify the initial amount of nucleic acid by dividing nucleic acid and all reagents required for the RPA reaction evenly into numerous individual reaction units, such as chambers or droplets. dRPA turns out to be a prominent technique for quantifying the absolute quantity of target nucleic acid because of its advantages including low equipment requirements, short time consumption, as well as high sensitivity and specificity. dRPA combined with microfluidics are recognized as simple, various, and high-throughput nucleic acid quantization systems. This paper classifies the microfluidic dRPA systems over the last decade. We analyze and summarize the vital technologies of various microfluidic dRPA systems (e.g., chip preparation process, segmentation principle, microfluidic control, and statistical analysis methods), and major efforts to address limitations (e.g., prevention of evaporation and contamination, accurate initiation, and reduction of manual operation). In addition, this paper summarizes key factors and potential constraints to the success of the microfluidic dRPA to help more researchers, and possible strategies to overcome the mentioned challenges. Lastly, actual suggestions and strategies are proposed for the subsequent development of microfluidic dRPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuechen Dou
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaohua Du
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, China
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41
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Bonner MG, Gudapati H, Mou X, Musah S. Microfluidic systems for modeling human development. Development 2022; 149:274363. [PMID: 35156682 PMCID: PMC8918817 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The proper development and patterning of organs rely on concerted signaling events emanating from intracellular and extracellular molecular and biophysical cues. The ability to model and understand how these microenvironmental factors contribute to cell fate decisions and physiological processes is crucial for uncovering the biology and mechanisms of life. Recent advances in microfluidic systems have provided novel tools and strategies for studying aspects of human tissue and organ development in ways that have previously been challenging to explore ex vivo. Here, we discuss how microfluidic systems and organs-on-chips provide new ways to understand how extracellular signals affect cell differentiation, how cells interact with each other, and how different tissues and organs are formed for specialized functions. We also highlight key advancements in the field that are contributing to a broad understanding of human embryogenesis, organogenesis and physiology. We conclude by summarizing the key advantages of using dynamic microfluidic or microphysiological platforms to study intricate developmental processes that cannot be accurately modeled by using traditional tissue culture vessels. We also suggest some exciting prospects and potential future applications of these emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie G. Bonner
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hemanth Gudapati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xingrui Mou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Samira Musah
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,MEDx Investigator and Faculty Member at the Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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42
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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Iliescu FS, Mihaescu G, Cucu AI, Ionescu ON, Popescu M, Simion M, Burlibasa L, Tica M, Chifiriuc MC, Iliescu C. Advances in the Rapid Diagnostic of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:807253. [PMID: 35252028 PMCID: PMC8895598 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.807253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a significant public health problem, primarily due to their high transmission rate, various pathological manifestations, ranging from mild to severe symptoms and subclinical onset. Laboratory diagnostic tests for infectious diseases, with a short enough turnaround time, are promising tools to improve patient care, antiviral therapeutic decisions, and infection prevention. Numerous microbiological molecular and serological diagnostic testing devices have been developed and authorised as benchtop systems, and only a few as rapid miniaturised, fully automated, portable digital platforms. Their successful implementation in virology relies on their performance and impact on patient management. This review describes the current progress and perspectives in developing micro- and nanotechnology-based solutions for rapidly detecting human viral respiratory infectious diseases. It provides a nonexhaustive overview of currently commercially available and under-study diagnostic testing methods and discusses the sampling and viral genetic trends as preanalytical components influencing the results. We describe the clinical performance of tests, focusing on alternatives such as microfluidics-, biosensors-, Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based devices for rapid and accurate viral loads and immunological responses detection. The conclusions highlight the potential impact of the newly developed devices on laboratory diagnostic and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florina Silvia Iliescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Octavian Narcis Ionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT, Bucharest, Romania
- Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Melania Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Simion
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Tica
- Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Pérez‐Rodríguez S, García‐Aznar JM, Gonzalo‐Asensio J. Microfluidic devices for studying bacterial taxis, drug testing and biofilm formation. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:395-414. [PMID: 33645897 PMCID: PMC8867988 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some bacteria have coevolved to establish symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with plants, animals or humans. With human association, the bacteria can cause a variety of diseases. Thus, understanding bacterial phenotypes at the single-cell level is essential to develop beneficial applications. Traditional microbiological techniques have provided great knowledge about these organisms; however, they have also shown limitations, such as difficulties in culturing some bacteria, the heterogeneity of bacterial populations or difficulties in recreating some physical or biological conditions. Microfluidics is an emerging technique that complements current biological assays. Since microfluidics works with micrometric volumes, it allows fine-tuning control of the test conditions. Moreover, it allows the recruitment of three-dimensional (3D) conditions, in which several processes can be integrated and gradients can be generated, thus imitating physiological 3D environments. Here, we review some key microfluidic-based studies describing the effects of different microenvironmental conditions on bacterial response, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. For this aim, we present different studies classified into six groups according to the design of the microfluidic device: (i) linear channels, (ii) mixing channels, (iii) multiple floors, (iv) porous devices, (v) topographic devices and (vi) droplet microfluidics. Hence, we highlight the potential and possibilities of using microfluidic-based technology to study bacterial phenotypes in comparison with traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez‐Rodríguez
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE)IIS‐AragónZaragozaSpain
- Grupo de Genética de MicobacteriasDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaIIS AragónZaragoza50009Spain
| | - José Manuel García‐Aznar
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE)IIS‐AragónZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Gonzalo‐Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de MicobacteriasDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaIIS AragónZaragoza50009Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades RespiratoriasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid28029Spain
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)Zaragoza50018Spain
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Zuchowicz NC, Belgodere JA, Liu Y, Semmes I, Monroe WT, Tiersch TR. Low-Cost Resin 3-D Printing for Rapid Prototyping of Microdevices: Opportunities for Supporting Aquatic Germplasm Repositories. FISHES 2022; 7:49. [PMID: 36644437 PMCID: PMC9838218 DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Germplasm repositories can benefit sustainable aquaculture by supporting genetic improvement, assisted reproduction, and management of valuable genetic resources. Lack of reliable quality management tools has impeded repository development in the past several decades. Microfabricated open-hardware devices have emerged as a new approach to assist repository development by providing standardized quality assessment capabilities to enable routine quality control. However, prototyping of microfabricated devices (microdevices) traditionally relies on photolithography techniques that are costly, time intensive, and accessible only through specialized engineering laboratories. Although resin 3-D printing has been introduced into the microfabrication domain, existing publications focus on customized or high-cost (>thousands of USD) printers. The goal of this report was to identify and call attention to the emerging opportunities to support innovation in microfabrication by use of low-cost (
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas C. Zuchowicz
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - Jorge A. Belgodere
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ignatius Semmes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - William Todd Monroe
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
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Effect of Controlled Microtopography on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7179723. [PMID: 35126944 PMCID: PMC8816539 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7179723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various kinds of controlled microtopographies can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as microgrooves, micropillars, and micropits. However, the optimal shape, size, and mechanism remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the parameters of different microtopographies and the behavior of MSCs. Then, we try to reveal the potential mechanism between them. The results showed that the microgrooves with a width of 4–60 μm and ridge width <10 μm, micropillars with parameters less than 10 μm, and square micropits had the full potential to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while the micromorphology of the same size could induce larger focal adhesions (FAs), well-organized cytoskeleton, and superior cell areas. Therefore, such events are possibly mediated by microtopography-induced mechanotransduction pathways.
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46
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Davidson SL, Niepa THR. Micro-Technologies for Assessing Microbial Dynamics in Controlled Environments. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:745835. [PMID: 35154021 PMCID: PMC8831547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in microfabrication technologies, the miniaturization of traditional culturing techniques has provided ideal methods for interrogating microbial communities in a confined and finely controlled environment. Micro-technologies offer high-throughput screening and analysis, reduced experimental time and resources, and have low footprint. More importantly, they provide access to culturing microbes in situ in their natural environments and similarly, offer optical access to real-time dynamics under a microscope. Utilizing micro-technologies for the discovery, isolation and cultivation of "unculturable" species will propel many fields forward; drug discovery, point-of-care diagnostics, and fundamental studies in microbial community behaviors rely on the exploration of novel metabolic pathways. However, micro-technologies are still largely proof-of-concept, and scalability and commercialization of micro-technologies will require increased accessibility to expensive equipment and resources, as well as simpler designs for usability. Here, we discuss three different miniaturized culturing practices; including microarrays, micromachined devices, and microfluidics; advancements to the field, and perceived challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna-Leigh Davidson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tagbo H. R. Niepa
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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47
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Zhu X, Wang K, Yan H, Liu C, Zhu X, Chen B. Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Exploring Soil Environmental Processes: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:711-731. [PMID: 34985862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigating environmental processes, especially those occurring in soils, calls for innovative and multidisciplinary technologies that can provide insights at the microscale. The heterogeneity, opacity, and dynamics make the soil a "black box" where interactions and processes are elusive. Recently, microfluidics has emerged as a powerful research platform and experimental tool which can create artificial soil micromodels, enabling exploring soil processes on a chip. Micro/nanofabricated microfluidic devices can mimic some of the key features of soil with highly controlled physical and chemical microenvironments at the scale of pores, aggregates, and microbes. The combination of various techniques makes microfluidics an integrated approach for observation, reaction, analysis, and characterization. In this review, we systematically summarize the emerging applications of microfluidic soil platforms, from investigating soil interfacial processes and soil microbial processes to soil analysis and high-throughput screening. We highlight how innovative microfluidic devices are used to provide new insights into soil processes, mechanisms, and effects at the microscale, which contribute to an integrated interrogation of the soil systems across different scales. Critical discussions of the practical limitations of microfluidic soil platforms and perspectives of future research directions are summarized. We envisage that microfluidics will represent the technological advances toward microscopic, controllable, and in situ soil research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huicong Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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48
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Muniz RS, Campbell PC, Sladewski TE, Renner LD, de Graffenried CL. Revealing spatio-temporal dynamics with long-term trypanosomatid live-cell imaging. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010218. [PMID: 35041719 PMCID: PMC8797261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, is highly motile and must be able to move in all three dimensions for reliable cell division. These characteristics make long-term microscopic imaging of live T. brucei cells challenging, which has limited our understanding of important cellular events. To address this issue, we devised an imaging approach that confines cells in small volumes within cast agarose microwells that can be imaged continuously for up to 24 h. Individual T. brucei cells were imaged through multiple rounds of cell division with high spatial and temporal resolution. We developed a strategy that employs in-well “sentinel” cells to monitor potential imaging toxicity during loss-of-function experiments such as small-molecule inhibition and RNAi. Using our approach, we show that the asymmetric daughter cells produced during T. brucei division subsequently divide at different rates, with the old-flagellum daughter cell dividing first. The flagellar detachment phenotype that appears during inhibition of the Polo-like kinase homolog TbPLK occurs in a stepwise fashion, with the new flagellum initially linked by its tip to the old, attached flagellum. We probe the feasibility of a previously proposed “back-up” cytokinetic mechanism and show that cells that initiate this process do not appear to complete cell division. This live-cell imaging method will provide a novel avenue for studying a wide variety of cellular events in trypanosomatids that have previously been inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Muniz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Campbell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Sladewski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Lars D. Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher L. de Graffenried
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li Y, Hu Y, Chen T, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhou H, Yang D. Advanced detection and sensing strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quorum sensing biomarkers: A review. Talanta 2022; 240:123210. [PMID: 35026633 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, can frequently cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and chronic wounds, and potentially lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Timely and adequate treatment of nosocomial infection in clinic depends on rapid detection and accurate identification of P. aeruginosa and its early-stage antibiotic susceptibility test. Traditional methods like plating culture, polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays are time-consuming and require expensive equipment, limiting the rapid diagnostic application. Advanced sensing strategy capable of fast, sensitive and simple detection with low cost has therefore become highly desired in point of care testing (POCT) of nosocomial pathogens. Within this review, advanced detection and sensing strategies for P. aeruginosa cells along with associated quorum sensing (QS) molecules over the last ten years are discussed and summarized. Firstly, the principles of four commonly used sensing strategies including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemistry, and fluorescence are briefly overviewed. Then, the advancement of the above sensing techniques for P. aeruginosa cells and its QS biomarkers detection are introduced, respectively. In addition, the integration with novel compatible platforms towards clinical application is highlighted in each section. Finally, the current achievements are summarized along with proposed challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China; Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Haibo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Danting Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China; Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Russo M, Cejas CM, Pitingolo G. Advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture for preclinical drug development. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:163-204. [PMID: 35094774 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is often a very long, costly, and risky process due to the lack of reliability in the preclinical studies. Traditional current preclinical models, mostly based on 2D cell culture and animal testing, are not full representatives of the complex in vivo microenvironments and often fail. In order to reduce the enormous costs, both financial and general well-being, a more predictive preclinical model is needed. In this chapter, we review recent advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture showing how its development has allowed the introduction of in vitro microphysiological systems, laying the foundation for organ-on-a-chip technology. These findings provide the basis for numerous preclinical drug discovery assays, which raise the possibility of using micro-engineered systems as emerging alternatives to traditional models, based on 2D cell culture and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), CNRS UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris France.
| | - Cesare M Cejas
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), CNRS UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris France
| | - Gabriele Pitingolo
- Bioassays, Microsystems and Optical Engineering Unit, BIOASTER, Paris France
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