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Zhang P, Song D, Fang Z, Sun D, Wang L, Shi L, Gao L, Jiang X. Cardamomin Inhibits the Proliferation and Tumorigenesis of Bladder Cancer by ESR1 in PI3K/AKT Pathway. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10854-x. [PMID: 38867088 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardamomin has been widely studied in cancer, but its role in cancer bladder cancer has not been mentioned. In this study, we validated the anti-cancer effect of cardamom and whether its potential mechanism is related to the PI3K/AKT pathway. After treating with different doses of cardamomin, the cytotoxicity was studied by CCK8. Secondly, we analyzed the effect of cardamomin on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell movement. Next, we analyzed the regulation of ESR1 by western blot and its impact on the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also transfected ESR1 overexpression and silencing vectors, and verified the transfection efficiency through RT-qPCR. Further, the specific mechanism of the drug's inhibitory effect on bladder cancer was also determined. We constructed the subcutaneous tumor model in vivo. After cardamomin administration, we mainly analyzed the positive expression of KI67 in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry, and the apoptotic cells in tumor tissues by TUNEL, and related proteins in PI3K/AKT pathway by western blot. In this paper, cardamomin inhibited cell proliferation and invasion ability, blocked the transition of G0/G1 phase to S phase, and increased apoptotic rate of 5637 and HT1376 cells, as well as raised ESR1 expression. Cardamomin exerted anti-tumor effect through PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo animal experiments indicated the inhibitory effect of cardamomin on subcutaneous implanted tumor. Cardamomin inhibited the positive expression of KI67 and promoted the TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissues. Consistent with in vitro assay, cardamomin increased the expression of ESR1 and downregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cardamomin has a significant inhibitory effect on bladder cancer, and upregulate the expression of ESR1 in bladder cancer through PI3K/AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Dapeng Song
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Haiyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhidong Fang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Rongcheng, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Dekang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Rushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Street 47, Weihai, 264599, Shandong, China.
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Rushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Street 47, Weihai, 264599, Shandong, China.
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2
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Toren P, Wilkins A, Patel K, Burley A, Gris T, Kockelbergh R, Lodhi T, Choudhury A, Bryan RT. The sex gap in bladder cancer survival - a missing link in bladder cancer care? Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:181-192. [PMID: 37604983 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The differences in bladder cancer outcomes between the sexes has again been highlighted. Uncommon among cancers, bladder cancer outcomes are notably worse for women than for men. Furthermore, bladder cancer is three to four times more common among men than among women. Factors that might explain these sex differences include understanding the importance of haematuria as a symptom of bladder cancer by both clinicians and patients, the resultant delays in diagnosis and referral of women with haematuria, and health-care access. Notably, these factors seem to have geographical variation and are not consistent across all health-care systems. Likewise, data relating to sex-specific treatment responses for patients with non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive bladder cancer are inconsistent. The influence of differences in the microbiome, bladder wall thickness and urine dwell times remain to be elucidated. The interplay of hormone signalling, gene expression, immunology and the tumour microenvironment remains complex but probably underpins the sexual dimorphism in disease incidence and stage and histology at presentation. The contribution of these biological phenomena to sex-specific outcome differences is probable, albeit potentially treatment-specific, and further understanding is required. Notwithstanding these aspects, we identify opportunities to harness biological differences to improve treatment outcomes, as well as areas of fundamental and translational research to pursue. At the level of policy and health-care delivery, improvements can be made across the domains of patient awareness, clinician education, referral pathways and guideline-based care. Together, we aim to highlight opportunities to close the sex gap in bladder cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Wilkins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Keval Patel
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amy Burley
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Typhaine Gris
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Kockelbergh
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Action Bladder Cancer UK, Tetbury, UK
| | - Taha Lodhi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Action Bladder Cancer UK, Tetbury, UK.
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Hao Dong T, Yau Wen Ning A, Yin Quan T. Network pharmacology-integrated molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) as potential anti-metastatic agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1778-1794. [PMID: 37060321 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, or peacock flower, has been a subject of cancer therapeutics research, showing promising anti-cancer and anti-metastatic properties. The present research aims to investigate the anti-metastatic potential of the flower, through bioinformatics approaches. Metastasis targets numbering 471 were identified through overlap analysis following NCBI gene, Gene Card and OMIM query. Phytocompounds of the flower were retrieved from PubChem and their protein interactions predicted using Super-PRED and TargetNet. The 28 targets that overlapped with the predicted proteins were used to generate STRING >0.7. Enrichment analysis revealed that C. pulcherrima may inhibit metastasis through angiogenesis-related and leukocyte migration-related pathways. HSP90AA1, ESR1, PIK3CA, ERBB2, KDR and MMP9 were identified as potential core targets while and 6 compounds (3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one (163076213), clotrimazole (2812), Isovouacapenol A (636673), [(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-9-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,6a,7,11a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate (163104827), Stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol (86821) and 4,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (592216)) were identified as potential core compounds. Molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations investigations revealed that ERBB2, HSP90AA1 and KDR, along with the newly discovered 163076213 compound to be the most significant metastasis targets and bioactive compound, respectively. These three core targets demonstrated interactions consistent with angiogenesis and leukocyte migration pathways. Furthermore, potentially novel interactions, such as KDR-MMP9, KDR-PIK3CA, ERBB2-HSP90AA1, ERBB2-ESR1, ERBB2-PIK3CA and ERBB2-MMP9 interactions were identified and may play a role in crosslinking the aforementioned metastatic pathways. Therefore, the present study revealed the main mechanisms behind the anti-metastatic effects of C. pulcherrima, paving the path for further research on these compounds and proteins to accelerate the research of cancer therapeutics and application of C. pulcherrima.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hao Dong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ashlyn Yau Wen Ning
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tang Yin Quan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Zhu S, Zhao H. Sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer: a review of etiology, biology, diagnosis, and outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1326627. [PMID: 38283839 PMCID: PMC10811034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma represents a prevalent malignancy, wherein the influence of sex extends across its incidence, biological attributes, and clinical outcomes. This scholarly exposition meticulously examines pertinent investigations, elucidating the nuanced impact of sex on bladder cancer, and posits cogent avenues for future research and intervention modalities. In the initial discourse, an exhaustive scrutiny is undertaken of the etiological underpinnings of bladder cancer, encompassing variables such as tobacco consumption, occupational exposures, and genetic aberrations. Subsequently, a comprehensive dissection unfolds, delving into the intricate biological disparities inherent in sex vis-à-vis the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. This analytical framework embraces multifaceted considerations, spanning sex hormones, sex chromosomal dynamics, metabolic enzymatic cascades, and the intricate interplay with the microbiome. Lastly, a synthesized exposition encapsulates the ramifications of gender differentials on the diagnostic and prognostic landscapes of bladder cancer, underscoring the imperative for intensified investigative endeavors directed towards elucidating gender-specific variances and the formulation of tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guilin Hospital of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Guilin, China
| | - Huasheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, ShaoYang Hosptial, Affiliated to University of South China, ShaoYang, China
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Lehnen N, Hallek M. [Sex-specific differences of special tumor diseases]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:717-726. [PMID: 37458764 PMCID: PMC10366284 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous data show that sex and gender have gained increasing importance in precision medicine as relevant modulators of specific oncological and hematological diseases. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on sex differences in the incidence and outcome of specific malignancies and to further elucidate possible underlying causes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Evaluation and discussion of basic research studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. RESULTS There are significant sex-specific differences in the incidence, response rates, and mortality for a variety of oncological diseases. For the most part, men have poorer outcomes, whereas women have higher treatment-associated toxicities and distinct presentations at younger ages. Hormonal, immunological, and pharmacological causes are suspected. CONCLUSION Advanced patient-individualized treatment in oncology and hematology will be measured in the future by the implementation of the existing relevant sex differences in the clinical practice and further investigations on underlying mechanisms in studies in order to guarantee and to optimize the best possible treatment for oncological patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lehnen
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Michael Hallek
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
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Lam CM, Li Z, Theodorescu D, Li X. Mechanism of Sex Differences in Bladder Cancer: Evident and Elusive Sex-biasing Factors. Bladder Cancer 2022; 8:241-254. [PMID: 36277328 PMCID: PMC9536425 DOI: 10.3233/blc-211658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer incidence is drastically higher in males than females across geographical, racial, and socioeconomic strata. Despite potential differences in tumor biology, however, male and female bladder cancer patients are still clinically managed in highly similar ways. While sex hormones and sex chromosomes have been shown to promote observed sex differences, a more complex story lies beneath these evident sex-biasing factors than previously appreciated. Advances in genomic technology have spurred numerous preclinical studies characterizing elusive sex-biasing factors such as epigenetics, X chromosome inactivation escape genes, single nucleotide polymorphism, transcription regulation, metabolism, immunity, and many more. Sex-biasing effects, if properly understood, can be leveraged by future efforts in precision medicine based on a patient's biological sex. In this review, we will highlight key findings from the last half century that demystify the intricate ways in which sex-specific biology contribute to differences in pathogenesis as well as discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa M. Lam
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Abstract
The bladder is a major component of the urinary tract, an organ system that expels metabolic waste and excess water, which necessitates proximity to the external environment and its pathogens. It also houses a commensal microbiome. Therefore, its tissue immunity must resist pathogen invasion while maintaining tolerance to commensals. Bacterial infection of the bladder is common, with half of women globally experiencing one or more episodes of cystitis in their lifetime. Despite this, our knowledge of bladder immunity, particularly in humans, is incomplete. Here we consider the current view of tissue immunity in the bladder, with a focus on defense against infection. The urothelium has robust immune functionality, and its defensive capabilities are supported by resident immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells. We discuss each in turn and consider why adaptive immune responses are often ineffective in preventing recurrent infection, as well as areas of priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina S Bowyer
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin W Loudon
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Zhao Y, Che J, Tian A, Zhang G, Xu Y, Li S, Liu S, Wan Y. PBX1 Participates in Estrogen-mediated Bladder Cancer Progression and Chemo-resistance Affecting Estrogen Receptors. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:757-770. [PMID: 35422219 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220413084456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common cancer associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the specific role of PBX1 in BCa and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The relative expressions of PBX1 in muscle-invasive BCa tissues and cell lines were analyzed through RT-qPCR and western blotting. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PBX1 levels and survival status. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assays were adopted to verify the interaction between PBX1 and Estrogen receptors (ERs) and explore the estrogen receptors (ERs)-dependent genes transcription. RESULTS PBX1 was upregulated in invasive BCa patients and BCa cells, positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and poorer survival status. The overexpression of PBX1 promoted cell growth, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cisplatin resistance in BCa cells, while the silence of PBX1 showed opposite effects. Furthermore, PBX1 interacted with ERs and was required for ER function. PBX1 overexpression aggravated the tumorpromoting effect of estrogen on BCa cells, while it partially suppressed the inhibitory effects of ER antagonist AZD9496 on BCa cells. CONCLUSION This study revealed that PBX1 participated in estrogen mediated BCa progression and chemo-resistance through binding and activating estrogen receptors. Hence, PBX1 may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for BCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jizhong Che
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Aimin Tian
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yankai Xu
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhang Li
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yinxu Wan
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, 264100, Yantai, Shandong, China
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10
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Abufaraj M, Shariat S, Moschini M, Rohrer F, Papantoniou K, Devore E, McGrath M, Zhang X, Markt S, Schernhammer E. The impact of hormones and reproductive factors on the risk of bladder cancer in women: results from the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:599-607. [PMID: 31965144 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With three out of four new bladder cancer (BCa) cases occurring in men, an apparent gender disparity exists. We aimed to investigate the role of hormonal and reproductive factors in BCa risk using two large female US prospective cohorts. METHODS Our study population comprised 118 256 and 115 383 female registered nurses who were recruited in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II, respectively. Reproductive and hormonal factors and other relevant data were recorded in biennial self-administered questionnaires. Cox-regression analyses were performed to estimate age- and multivariable-adjusted incidence risk ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis was used to pool estimates across cohorts. RESULTS During up to 36 years of follow-up, 629 incident BCa cases were confirmed. In the NHS, 22 566 women (21.3%) were postmenopausal at baseline, compared with 2723 women (2.4%) in the NHS II. Among women in the NHS, younger age at menopause (≤45 years) was associated with an increased risk of BCa (IRR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11-1.81, Ptrend = 0.01) compared with those with menopause onset at age 50+ years, particularly among ever-smokers (IRR for age at menopause ≤45 years: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.15-2.04; PIntx = 0.16). Age at menarche and first birth, parity, oral-contraceptive use and postmenopausal hormone use were not associated with BCa risk. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found little support for an association between female reproductive factors and BCa risk in these prospective cohort studies. Earlier age at menopause was associated with a higher risk of BCa, particularly among smokers, indicating the potential for residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shahrokh Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rohrer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica McGrath
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Yang X, Ye T, Liu H, Lv P, Duan C, Wu X, Jiang K, Lu H, Xia D, Peng E, Chen Z, Tang K, Ye Z. Expression profiles, biological functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in bladder cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:4. [PMID: 33397425 PMCID: PMC7780637 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are single-stranded closed-loop RNA molecules lacking terminal 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails, are attracting increasing scientific attention for their crucial regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of various diseases. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, increasing numbers of differentially expressed circRNAs have been identified in bladder cancer (BCa) via exploration of the expression profiles of BCa and normal tissues and cell lines. CircRNAs are critically involved in BCa biological behaviours, including cell proliferation, tumour growth suppression, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, invasion, migration, metastasis, angiogenesis, and cisplatin chemoresistance. Most of the studied circRNAs in BCa regulate cancer biological behaviours via miRNA sponging regulatory mechanisms. CircRNAs have been reported to be significantly associated with many clinicopathologic characteristics of BCa, including tumour size, grade, differentiation, and stage; lymph node metastasis; tumour numbers; distant metastasis; invasion; and recurrence. Moreover, circRNA expression levels can be used to predict BCa patients’ survival parameters, such as overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). The abundance, conservation, stability, specificity and detectability of circRNAs render them potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BCa. Additionally, circRNAs play crucial regulatory roles upstream of various signalling pathways related to BCa carcinogenesis and progression, reflecting their potential as therapeutic targets for BCa. Herein, we briefly summarize the expression profiles, biological functions and mechanisms of circRNAs and the potential clinical applications of these molecules for BCa diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ejun Peng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Abd Raboh NM, Hakim SA, Abd El Atti RM. Implications of androgen receptor and FUS expression on tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:325-337. [PMID: 33354760 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) interact with many pathways involved in bladder cancer development and progression. FUS (fused in liposarcoma), a multifunctional protein essential for different cellular processes, has been demonstrated as a key link between androgen receptor signaling and cell-cycle progression in prostate cancer but has not been examined in urothelial carcinoma (UC) despite an intimate association between prostate and bladder carcinogenesis. AIM To examine the immunohistochemical expression of AR and FUS in urothelial carcinoma in relation to prognostic parameters and to extrapolate any possible link between the expression of both markers and tumor progression. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study using immunohistochemical staining for AR and FUS on (88) cases of urothelial carcinoma. RESULTS AR shows statistically significant relations with late tumor stage, high tumor grade, and non-papillary tumor pattern. On the other hand, FUS expression correlates with early tumor stage, low tumor grade and papillary pattern. An inverse relation is found between AR and FUS expression (p=0.001). Cases with high AR IHC expression show statistically significant shorter OS, RFS and PFS compared to cases with low AR expression. Cases with high FUS IHC expression reveal statistically significant longer OS, RFS and PFS compared to cases with low FUS expression. CONCLUSION FUS expression is associated with favorable prognostic parameters of UC. A possible interaction is suggested between FUS and AR pathways involved in urothelial cancer progression. Manipulating FUS levels and androgen deprivation therapy can provide new promising targets for treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Adel Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Ide H, Goto T, Teramoto Y, Mizushima T, Jiang G, Nagata Y, Inoue S, Baras AS, Kashiwagi E, Miyamoto H. FOXO1 inactivation induces cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3397-3400. [PMID: 32678492 PMCID: PMC7469822 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that FOXO1-shRNA sublines or FOXO1-positive cells co-treated with a FOXO1 inhibitor were significantly more resistant to cisplatin treatment at pharmacological concentrations, compared with respective control sublines or those with mock treatment. Western blot demonstrated considerable increases in the expression levels of a phosphorylated inactive form of FOXO1 (p-FOXO1) in cisplatin-resistant sublines established by long-term culture with low/increasing doses of cisplatin, compared with respective controls. Immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens from patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing cisplatin-based neoadjuvant therapy further showed a strong trend to associate between p-FOXO1 positivity and unfavorable response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Alexander S. Baras
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
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14
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Burnell M, Gentry‐Maharaj A, Glazer C, Karpinskyj C, Ryan A, Apostolidou S, Kalsi J, Parmar M, Campbell S, Jacobs I, Menon U. Serial endometrial thickness and risk of non-endometrial hormone-dependent cancers in postmenopausal women in UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56:267-275. [PMID: 31614036 PMCID: PMC7496247 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen is a well-established risk factor for various cancers. It causes endometrial proliferation, which is assessed routinely as endometrial thickness (ET) using transvaginal ultrasound (TVS). Only one previous study, restricted to endometrial and breast cancer, has considered ET and the risk of non-endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the association between baseline and serial ET measurements and nine non-endometrial hormone-sensitive cancers, in postmenopausal women, using contemporary statistical methodology that attempts to minimize the biases typical of endogenous serial data. METHODS This was a cohort study nested within the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS). In the ultrasound arm of UKCTOCS, 50639 postmenopausal women, aged 50-74, underwent annual TVS examination, of whom 38 105 had a valid ET measurement, no prior hysterectomy and complete covariate data, and were included in this study. All women were followed up through linkage to national cancer registries. The effect of ET on the risk of six estrogen-dependent cancers (breast, ovarian, colorectal, bladder, lung and pancreatic) was assessed using joint models for longitudinal biomarker and time-to-event data, and Cox models were used to assess the association between baseline ET measurement and these six cancers in addition to liver cancer, gastric cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). All models were adjusted for current hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) use, body mass index, age at last menstrual period, parity and oral contraceptive pill use. RESULTS The 38 105 included women had a combined total of 267 567 (median, 8; interquartile range, 5-9) valid ET measurements. During a combined total of 407 838 (median, 10.9) years of follow-up, 1398 breast, 351 endometrial, 381 lung, 495 colorectal, 222 ovarian, 94 pancreatic, 79 bladder, 62 gastric, 38 liver cancers and 52 NHLs were registered. Using joint models, a doubling of ET increased significantly the risk of breast (hazard ratio (HR), 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36; P = 0.001), ovarian (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06-1.82; P = 0.018) and lung (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54; P = 0.036) cancers. There were no statistically significant associations between ET and the remaining six cancers. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with high/increasing ET on TVS are at increased risk of breast, ovarian and lung cancer. It is important that clinicians are aware of these risks, as TVS is a common investigation. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Burnell
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Gentry‐Maharaj
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Glazer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineFrederiksberg‐Bispebjerg University HospitalCopenhagenNVDenmark
| | - C. Karpinskyj
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Ryan
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Apostolidou
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Kalsi
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Parmar
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - I. Jacobs
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - U. Menon
- MRC CTU, Institute of Clinical Trials and MethodologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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15
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Bernardo C, Santos J, Costa C, Tavares A, Amaro T, Marques I, Gouveia MJ, Félix V, Afreixo V, Brindley PJ, Costa JM, Amado F, Helguero L, Santos LL. Estrogen receptors in urogenital schistosomiasis and bladder cancer: Estrogen receptor alpha-mediated cell proliferation. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:738.e23-738.e35. [PMID: 32507545 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-like metabolites have been identified in S. haematobium, the helminth parasite that causes urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) and in patients´ blood and urine during UGS. Estrogen receptor (ER) activation is enriched in the luminal molecular subtype bladder cancer (BlaCa). To date, the significance of ER to these diseases remains elusive. We evaluated ERα and ERβ expression in UGS-related BlaCa (n = 27), UGS-related non-malignant lesions (n = 35), and noninfected BlaCa (n = 80). We investigated the potential of ERα to recognize S. haematobium-derived metabolites by docking and molecular dynamics simulations and studied ERα modulation in vitro using 3 BlaCa cell lines, T24, 5637 and HT1376. ERα was expressed in tumor and stromal cells in approximately 20% noninfected cases and in 30% of UGS-related BlaCa, predominantly in the epithelial cells. Overall, ERα expression was associated with features of tumor aggressiveness such as high proliferation and p53 positive expression. ERα expression correlated with presence of schistosome eggs. ERβ was widely expressed in both cohorts but weaker in UGS-related cases. molecular dynamics simulations of the 4 most abundant S. haematobium-derived metabolites revealed that smaller metabolites have comparable affinity for the ERα active state than 17β-estradiol, while the larger metabolites present higher affinity. Our in vitro findings suggested that ERα activation promotes proliferation in ERα expressing BlaCa cells and that this can be reverted with anti-estrogenic therapy. In summary, we report differential ER expression between UGS-related BlaCa and noninfected BlaCa and provide evidence supporting a role of active ERα during UGS and UGS-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bernardo
- Hormones and Cancer Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Santos
- Urology Department, Hospital Américo Boavida, Luanda, Angola; Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Costa
- Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit/Biomedical Research Center (FP-ENAS/CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Tavares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresina Amaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Infectious Diseases, R&D Unit, INSA-National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - José Manuel Costa
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Infectious Diseases, R&D Unit, INSA-National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- Mass Spectrometry Group, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luisa Helguero
- Hormones and Cancer Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on the impact of gender on oncologic outcomes of bladder cancer (BCa). RECENT FINDINGS Women are more likely to experience disease recurrence, progression, and/or death across all disease states. Furthermore, women are less likely to respond to intravesical therapy for nonmuscle invasive BCa. These disparities are explained by several hypotheses such as differential exposure to environmental carcinogens, hormonal factors, and/or disease management. Additionally, it has been shown that women suffer from delays in diagnosis because of inefficiencies in healthcare delivery. On genomic analyses, women were found to be more likely to harbor basal subtypes of BCa compared with men. SUMMARY A steadily growing body of evidence reveals that women present with more advanced BCa and have stage-for-stage worse outcome compared with men. The underlying mechanisms for this gender difference are multifactorial. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular underpinning of this gender-gap and subsequently explore potential novel gender-specific management strategies.
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17
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Quan Y, Lei H, Wahafu W, Liu Y, Ping H, Zhang X. Inhibition of autophagy enhances the anticancer effect of enzalutamide on bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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ERα-mediated alterations in circ_0023642 and miR-490-5p signaling suppress bladder cancer invasion. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:635. [PMID: 31455760 PMCID: PMC6712013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show obvious gender differences in the incidence and the prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa). Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was recently shown to play a protective role in BCa. However, the mechanisms by which ERα mediates BCa progression need to be further elucidated. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms by which ERα inhibits BCa invasion by modulating circRNA levels. ERα suppressed BCa invasion by decreasing circ_0023642 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays revealed that ERα reduced circ_0023642 expression by regulating the expression of its host gene, UVRAG, at the transcriptional level. ERα decreased circ_0023642 levels and subsequently increased miR-490-5p expression, resulting in decreased EGFR expression to suppress BCa cell invasion. Circ_0023642 was demonstrated to directly bind to miR-490-5p. Notably, miR-490-5p regulated EGFR expression by binding to the miR-490-5p-binding site located in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the EGFR mRNA. Preclinical studies using an in vivo mouse model also confirmed that this ERα/circ_0023642/miR-490-5p/EGFR signaling pathway suppressed BCa progression. Altogether, this newly identified pathway may serve as the basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat BCa.
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19
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Ge Q, Lu M, Ju L, Qian K, Wang G, Wu CL, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. miR-4324-RACGAP1-STAT3-ESR1 feedback loop inhibits proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:3043-3055. [PMID: 30511377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating cellular processes, we performed microarray analysis and revealed miR-4324 as one of the most differentially expressed miRNAs in bladder cancer (BCa). Then, we discovered that miR-4324 was a negative regulator of Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) and that RACGAP1 functioned as an oncogenic protein in BCa. Our studies indicated that ectopic overexpression of miR-4324 in BCa cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis and enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity to doxorubicin by repressing RACGAP1 expression. Further studies showed that estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) increased the expression of miR-4324 by binding to its promoter, while the downregulation of ESR1 in BCa was caused by hypermethylation of its promoter. p-STAT3 induced the enrichment of DNMT3B by binding to the ESR1 promoter and then induced methylation of the ESR1 promoter. In turn, RACGAP1 induced STAT3 phosphorylation, increasing p-STAT3 expression and promoting its translocation to the nucleus. Therefore, the miR-4324-RACGAP1-STAT3-ESR1 feedback loop could be a critical regulator of BCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Ge
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Urological Clinical Research Center of Laparoscopy in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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20
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The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Bladder Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120484. [PMID: 30518063 PMCID: PMC6315905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous preclinical studies have indicated that the activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling results in inhibition of the growth of various types of tumors. Indeed, several glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisone, have been prescribed for the treatment of, for example, hematological malignancies and castration-resistant prostate cancer. By contrast, the role of glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the progression of bladder cancer remains far from being fully understood. Nonetheless, emerging evidence implies its unique functions in urothelial cancer cells. Moreover, the levels of glucocorticoid receptor expression have been documented to significantly associate with the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. This review summarizes the available data suggesting the involvement of glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signaling in urothelial tumor outgrowth and highlights the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The molecules/pathways that contribute to modulating glucocorticoid receptor activity and function in bladder cancer cells are also discussed.
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21
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Ou Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Tao L, Zuo L, Sahasrabudhe D, Joseph J, Wang L, Yeh S. Estrogen receptor β promotes bladder cancer growth and invasion via alteration of miR-92a/DAB2IP signals. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30459405 PMCID: PMC6243995 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although early studies suggested that bladder cancer (BCa) is more prevalent in men than in women, muscle-invasive rates are higher in women than in men, suggesting that sex hormones might play important roles in different stages of BCa progression. In this work, we found that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) could increase BCa cell proliferation and invasion via alteration of miR-92a-mediated DAB2IP (DOC-2⁄DAB2 interacting protein) signals and that blocking miR-92a expression with an inhibitor could partially reverse ERβ-enhanced BCa cell growth and invasion. Further mechanism dissection found that ERβ could increase miR-92a expression at the transcriptional level via binding to the estrogen-response-element (ERE) on the 5′ promoter region of its host gene C13orf25. The ERβ up-regulated miR-92a could decrease DAB2IP tumor suppressor expression via binding to the miR-92a binding site located on the DAB2IP 3′ UTR. Preclinical studies using an in vivo mouse model also confirmed that targeting this newly identified ERβ/miR-92a/DAB2IP signal pathway with small molecules could suppress BCa progression. Together, these results might aid in the development of new therapies via targeting of this ERβ-mediated signal pathway to better suppress BCa progression. Blocking the effects of the female hormone estrogen may increase the survival rate of women with bladder cancer (BCa). Although BCa is more common in men, tumors are more likely to invade neighboring tissues in women. Sex hormones and their receptors, which are known to affect progression of other cancers, may play a key role. A team led by Shuyuan Yeh at the University of Rochester Medical Center, USA, and Wang Long at Central South University, Changsha, China, investigated the role that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) plays in BCa. They found that reducing ERβ levels made BCa cells less invasive. Further investigation revealed a way to block ERβ signaling, which made BCa tumors less likely to invade neighboring tissue in a mouse model. Understanding the ERβ signaling pathway may help to develop better treatments for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ou
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Le Tao
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Deepak Sahasrabudhe
- Departments of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Jean Joseph
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
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Shift from androgen to estrogen action causes abdominal muscle fibrosis, atrophy, and inguinal hernia in a transgenic male mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10427-E10436. [PMID: 30327348 PMCID: PMC6217386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807765115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inguinal hernia is one of the most common disorders that affect elderly men. A major pathology underlying inguinal hernia is the fibrosis and other degenerative changes that affect the lower abdominal muscle strength adjacent to the inguinal canal. Here we describe a critical role of estrogen and its nuclear receptor that enhance fibroblast proliferation and muscle atrophy, leading to inguinal hernia. Further research may reveal a potential role of estrogen ablation to prevent muscle fibrosis or hernia in a subset of elderly men. Inguinal hernia develops primarily in elderly men, and more than one in four men will undergo inguinal hernia repair during their lifetime. However, the underlying mechanisms behind hernia formation remain unknown. It is known that testosterone and estradiol can regulate skeletal muscle mass. We herein demonstrate that the conversion of testosterone to estradiol by the aromatase enzyme in lower abdominal muscle (LAM) tissue causes intense fibrosis, leading to muscle atrophy and inguinal hernia; an aromatase inhibitor entirely prevents this phenotype. LAM tissue is uniquely sensitive to estradiol because it expresses very high levels of estrogen receptor-α. Estradiol acts via estrogen receptor-α in LAM fibroblasts to activate pathways for proliferation and fibrosis that replaces atrophied myocytes, resulting in hernia formation. This is accompanied by decreased serum testosterone and decreased expression of the androgen receptor target genes in LAM tissue. These findings provide a mechanism for LAM tissue fibrosis and atrophy and suggest potential roles of future nonsurgical and preventive approaches in a subset of elderly men with a predisposition for hernia development.
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Ide H, Jiang G, Mizushima T, Fujita K, Inoue S, Yamaguchi S, Fushimi H, Nonomura N, Miyamoto H. Forkhead box O1 as an indicator of prognosis is inactivated in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:482-487. [PMID: 30655790 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) can be inactivated via its phosphorylation, resulting in suppression of apoptosis. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of a phosphorylated form of FOXO1 was assessed in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) specimens. Overall, phospho-FOXO1 (p-FOXO1) was immunoreactive in all 99 UUTUC specimens [12 (12.1%) weak (1+), 46 (46.5%) moderate (2+) and 41 (41.4%) strong (3+)], which was significantly (P=0.018) increased, compared with benign urothelium specimens [77/82 (93.9%): 18 (22.0%) 1+, 41 (50.0%) 2+ and 18 (22.0%) 3+]. Muscle invasion (P=0.031) and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.025) were observed more frequently in p-FOXO1(2+/3+) tumor samples compared with p-FOXO1(1+) tumor samples. No statistically significant associations between p-FOXO1 expression and tumor grade or presence of concurrent carcinoma in situ, hydronephrosis or lymph node metastasis were observed. Furthermore, the levels of p-FOXO1 and estrogen receptor-β expression were significantly (P<0.05) correlated in UUTUC samples [correlation coefficient (CC)=0.244], particularly in tumor samples from male patients (CC=0.330). Additionally, patients with p-FOXO1(3+) tumors had a significantly increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (P=0.043), compared with those with p-FOXO1(1+/2+) tumors. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated a notable, albeit not significant, association between p-FOXO1 expression and cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio=2.204; P=0.053). These findings indicate that FOXO1 is inactivated in UUTUC specimens and p-FOXO1 overexpression may serve as a predictor of poor patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fushimi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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24
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Barth I, Schneider U, Grimm T, Karl A, Horst D, Gaisa NT, Knüchel R, Garczyk S. Progression of urothelial carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: a switch from luminal to basal phenotype and related therapeutic implications. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:749-758. [PMID: 29654370 PMCID: PMC5978840 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The stratification of bladder cancer into luminal and basal tumors has recently been introduced as a novel prognostic system in patient cohorts of muscle-invasive bladder cancer or high-grade papillary carcinomas. Using a representative immunohistochemistry panel, we analyzed luminal and basal marker expression in a large case series (n = 156) of urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS), a precancerous lesion that frequently progresses to muscle-invasive disease. The majority of CIS cases was characterized by a positivity for luminal markers (aberrant cytokeratin (CK) 20 85% (132/156), GATA3 median Remmele score (score of staining intensity (0-3) multiplied with percentage of positive cells (0-4)): 12, estrogen receptor (ER) β Remmele score > 2: 88% (138/156), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) Dako score 3+ 32% (50/156), Her2 Dako score 2+ 33% (51/156)), and marginal expression of basal markers (CK5/6+ 2% (3/156), CK14+ 1% (2/156)). To further investigate phenotypic stability during disease progression, we compared 48 pairs of CIS and invasive tumors from the same biopsy. A highly significant loss of luminal marker expression (p < 0.001) was observed in the course of progression whereas an increase of basal marker expression (p < 0.01) was noted in the invasive compartment. Importantly, 91% of CIS cases demonstrated a positivity for at least one of the two predictive markers Her2 and ERβ, indicating that the analysis of Her2 and ERβ may help to identify CIS-patient subgroups prone to more efficient targeted treatment strategies. Larger prospective and biomarker-embedded clinical trials are needed to confirm and validate our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Grimm
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich University, Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Karl
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich University, Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich University, Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Garczyk
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Pinton G, Zonca S, Manente AG, Cavaletto M, Borroni E, Daga A, Jithesh PV, Fennell D, Nilsson S, Moro L. SIRT1 at the crossroads of AKT1 and ERβ in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14366-79. [PMID: 26885609 PMCID: PMC4924721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we show that malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients whose tumors express high levels of AKT1 exhibit a significantly worse prognosis, whereas no significant correlation with AKT3 expression is observed. We provide data that establish a phosphorylation independent role of AKT1 in affecting MPM cell shape and anchorage independent cell growth in vitro and highlight the AKT1 isoform-specific nature of these effects. We describe that AKT1 activity is inhibited by the loss of SIRT1-mediated deacetylation and identify, by mass spectrometry, 11 unique proteins that interact with acetylated AKT1. Our data demonstrate a role of the AKT1/SIRT1/FOXM1 axis in the expression of the tumor suppressor ERβ. We further demonstrate an inhibitory feedback loop by ERβ, activated by the selective agonist KB9520, on this axis both in vitro and in vivo. Our data broaden the current knowledge of ERβ and AKT isoform-specific functions that could be valuable in the design of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Zonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arcangela G Manente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ester Borroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Puthen V Jithesh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dean Fennell
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Karo Bio AB, Novum, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
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26
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Shang Z, Li Y, Hsu I, Zhang M, Tian J, Wen S, Han R, Messing EM, Chang C, Niu Y, Yeh S. Targeting estrogen/estrogen receptor alpha enhances Bacillus Calmette-Guérin efficacy in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27325-35. [PMID: 27092883 PMCID: PMC5053653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed the potential linkage of estrogen/estrogen receptor signaling with bladder tumorigenesis, yet detailed mechanisms remain elusive. Here we found a new potential therapy with the combination of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and the anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 led to better suppression of bladder cancer (BCa) than BCG alone. Mechanism dissection found ICI 182,780 could promote BCG attachment/internalization to the BCa cells through increased integrin-α5β1 expression and IL-6 release, which may enhance BCG-induced suppression of BCa cell growth via recruiting more monocytes/macrophages to BCa cells and increased TNF-α release. Consistently, in vivo studies found ICI 182,780 could potentiate the anti-BCa effects of BCG in the carcinogen-induced mouse BCa models. Together, these in vitro and in vivo results suggest that combining BCG with anti-estrogen may become a new therapeutic approach with better efficacy to suppress BCa progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Shang
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Yanjun Li
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Iawen Hsu
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Simeng Wen
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruifa Han
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Edward M Messing
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology and the Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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27
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Alhodhodi A, Alkharobi H, Humphries M, Alkhafaji H, El-Gendy R, Feichtinger G, Speirs V, Beattie J. Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) regulates osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:296-302. [PMID: 29031686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) has many important actions in the tissues of the oral cavity. Disruption of E2 metabolism or alterations in systemic E2 concentrations have been associated with compromised periodontal health. In many instances such changes occur secondarily to the well characterised effects of E2 on bone physiology -especially maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD). Despite these important epidemiological findings, little is known about the mechanism of action of E2 in oral tissues or the expression and function of oestrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in these tissues. We have isolated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), which are able to differentiate towards an osteogenic lineage under appropriate culture conditions. We show that hDPCs express ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2 and the cell membrane associated G protein-coupled ER (GPR30). Following osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs, ERβ1 and ERβ2 were up regulated approximately 50-fold while ERα and GPR30 were down regulated, but to a much lesser degree (approximately 2-fold). ERβ was characterised as a 59kDa protein following Western blot analysis with validated antibodies and ERβ was detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic cell compartments following immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of cultured cells. Furthermore isoform specific antibodies detected both ERβ1 and ERβ2 in DPC cultures and in situ analysis of ERβ expression in decalcified tooth/pulp sections identified the odontoblast layer of pulp cells juxtaposed to the tooth enamel as strongly reactive for both ERβ isoforms. Finally the use of isoform specific agonists identified ERβ as the main receptor responsible for the pro-osteogenic effect of oestrogenic hormones in this tissue. Our data suggest that oestrogens stimulated osteogenic differentiation in hDPCs and that this action is mediated principally through the ERβ isoform. These findings may have important consequences for the investigation and treatment of oral and periodontal pathologies which are associated with imbalances in oestrogen concentrations and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Alhodhodi
- Department of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Hanaa Alkharobi
- Department of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | - Hasanain Alkhafaji
- Department of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Department of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Georg Feichtinger
- Department of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - James Beattie
- Department of Oral Biology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK.
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28
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Hammam O, Magdy M, Badawy M, Osili KA, Kholy AE, LeitHy TE. Expression of MDM2 mRNA, MDM2, P53 and P16 Proteins in Urothelial Lesions in the View of the WHO 4 th Edition Guidelines as a Molecular Insight towards Personalized Medicine. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:578-586. [PMID: 28932295 PMCID: PMC5591584 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Here we imposed a multimarker molecular panel composed of P53, MDM2 protein & mRNA & P16 with the identification of sensitive and specific cut offs among the Egyptian urothelial carcinomas bilharzial or not emphasize the pathological and molecular classifications, pathways and prognosis as a privilege for adjuvant therapy. METHODS Three hundred and ten urothelial lesions were pathologically evaluated and grouped as follows: 50 chronic cystitis as benign, 240 urothelial carcinomas and 20 normal bladder tissue as a control. Immunohistochemistry for MDM Protein, P16 & p53 and In Situ Hybridization for MDM2mRNA were done. RESULTS MDM2mRNA overexpression correlated with low grade low stage non invasive tumors, while P53 > 40% & p16 < 10% cut offs correlated with high grade high stage invasive carcinomas & bilharzial tumors (P=0.000). CONCLUSION MDM2mRNA overexpression vs. P53 > 40% & P16 < 10% constitutes a multimarker molecular panel with significant cut offs, proved to distinguish low grade, low stage non invasive urothelial carcinomas (MDM2mRNA overexpression, P53 < 40%, P16 > 10%) from high grade, high stage invasive urothelial carcinomas (with p53 > 40, p16 < 10% & absent MDM2mRNA overexpression). Combined P53 > 40 & p16 < 10%, together with the histopathological features can distinguish in situ urothelial lesions from dysplastic and atypical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Magdy
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khalid Al Osili
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr El Kholy
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek El LeitHy
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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29
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Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Otto W, Laible M, Schlombs K, Erben P, Kriegmair MC, Stoehr R, Eidt S, Denzinger S, Burger M, Hartmann A. Predictive value of molecular subtyping in NMIBC by RT-qPCR of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 from formalin fixed TUR biopsies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67684-67695. [PMID: 28978063 PMCID: PMC5620203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of ESR1, PGR, HER2 and Ki67 is important for risk stratification and therapy in breast cancer. Hormone receptor expression can also be found in MIBC, reflecting luminal and basal subtypes of breast cancer. Thus the purpose was to investigate on the mRNA expression of the aforementioned markers and their prognostic value in pT1 bladder cancer. Retrospective analysis of clinical data and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded tissues (FFPE) of patients with stage pT1 NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder was performed. mRNA expression was measured by single step RT-qPCR. Relative gene expression was determined by normalization to two housekeeping genes (CALM2, B2M) using the 40-ΔΔCT method. Correlation of mRNA expression with outcome was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. From overall 302 patients, 255 samples could be analyzed with valid measurements. Subtype distribution was Luminal-A in 11.4%, Luminal-B in 38.8%, triple negative in 36.9% and ERBB2 in 12.9%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed molecular subtyping being statistical significant for RFS (p=0.0408) and PFS (p=0.0039). Luminal-A patients did have the best RFS and PFS. Multivariate analysis revealed molecular subtyping to be significant for PFS (L-R Chi2 of 11.89, p=0.0078). Elevated expression of HER2 was statistically significant for PFS (p=0.0025) and discriminated among G3 tumors a high risk group (60% PFS) from a low risk risk group (90% PFS) after 5 year follow-up (p<0.001). Expression of ESR1, PGR and HER2 has predictive value in stage pT1 NMIBC and reveals potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Markus Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology at The St Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Christian Kriegmair
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eidt
- Institute of Pathology at The St Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Denzinger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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GATA3 immunohistochemistry in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract as a urothelial marker and a prognosticator. Hum Pathol 2017; 64:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Ide H, Inoue S, Miyamoto H. Histopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of sex hormone receptors in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of immunohistochemical studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174746. [PMID: 28362839 PMCID: PMC5375178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging preclinical evidence suggests the involvement of sex hormones and their receptor signals in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Meanwhile, previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results on the relationship between the status of sex hormone receptors in urothelial tumors and histopathological characteristics of the tumors or patient outcomes. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to assess the clinicopathological impact of the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in bladder cancer. Methods A comprehensive literature search in databases (i.e. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane) was performed for all immunohistochemical studies stained for AR, ERα, and/or ERβ in surgically resected bladder cancer specimens and analyzed for patient outcomes. We selected eligible studies in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and analyzed data using R software. Results A total of 2,049 patients from 13 retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. The difference in ERα expression between non-tumors and tumors was significant [odds ratio (OR) = 0.412; P<0.001], while those of AR (OR = 3.256; P = 0.336) or ERβ (OR = 0.580; P = 0.674) were not statistically significant. AR positivity in tumors was strongly correlated with gender (male vs. female: OR = 0.658; P = 0.027) or tumor grade (low-grade vs. high-grade: OR = 0.575; P<0.001). ERβ positive rates were significantly higher in high-grade (OR = 2.169; P<0.001) and muscle-invasive (OR = 3.104; P<0.001) tumors than in low-grade and non-muscle-invasive tumors, respectively. Survival analysis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer revealed associations between AR expression and better recurrence-free survival [hazard ration (HR) = 0.593; P = 0.006) as well as between ERβ expression and worse recurrence-free (HR = 1.573; P = 0.013) or progression-free (HR = 4.148; P = 0.089) survivals. Conclusions These data suggest down-regulation of ERα expression in bladder tumors, compared with non-neoplastic urothelial tissues. AR or ERβ expression was down- or up-regulated, respectively, in high-grade and/or muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Moreover, immunohistochemistry of AR/ERβ in surgical specimens may serve as prognosticators in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Nelson AW, Groen AJ, Miller JL, Warren AY, Holmes KA, Tarulli GA, Tilley WD, Katzenellenbogen BS, Hawse JR, Gnanapragasam VJ, Carroll JS. Comprehensive assessment of estrogen receptor beta antibodies in cancer cell line models and tissue reveals critical limitations in reagent specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:138-150. [PMID: 27889472 PMCID: PMC5228587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor-β (ERβ) has been implicated in many cancers. In prostate and breast cancer its function is controversial, but genetic studies implicate a role in cancer progression. Much of the confusion around ERβ stems from antibodies that are inadequately validated, yet have become standard tools for deciphering its role. Using an ERβ-inducible cell system we assessed commonly utilized ERβ antibodies and show that one of the most commonly used antibodies, NCL-ER-BETA, is non-specific for ERβ. Other antibodies have limited ERβ specificity or are only specific in one experimental modality. ERβ is commonly studied in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, but we found no ERβ expression in either, using validated antibodies and independent mass spectrometry-based approaches. Our findings question conclusions made about ERβ using the NCL-ER-BETA antibody, or LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines. We describe robust reagents, which detect ERβ across multiple experimental approaches and in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK; Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arnoud J Groen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kelly A Holmes
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
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Rao Q, Chen Y, Yeh CR, Ding J, Li L, Chang C, Yeh S. Recruited mast cells in the tumor microenvironment enhance bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of ERβ/CCL2/CCR2 EMT/MMP9 signals. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7842-55. [PMID: 26556868 PMCID: PMC4884958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early clinical studies suggested that infiltrating mast cells could be associated with a poor outcome in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. The mechanisms of how mast cells influence the BCa progression, however, are unclear. Using the human clinical BCa sample survey and in vitro co-culture systems, we found BCa cells could recruit more mast cells than the surrounding non-malignant urothelial cells. The consequences of this better recruitment of mast cells toward BCa cells could then enhance BCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that the enhanced BCa cell invasion could function via up-regulation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in both mast cells and BCa cells, which resulted in the increased CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 signals. Using the pre-clinical mouse BCa model, we further validated the mast cell-promoted BCa invasion. Interruption of the newly identified ERβ/CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 pathway via either ERβ-siRNA, ERβ antagonist PHTPP, or CCR2 antagonist can effectively reverse the mast cell-enhanced BCa cells invasion. Together, our finding could lead to the development of an alternative new therapeutic approach to better treat BCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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34
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Yeh CR, Ou ZY, Xiao GQ, Guancial E, Yeh S. Infiltrating T cells promote renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression via altering the estrogen receptor β-DAB2IP signals. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44346-59. [PMID: 26587829 PMCID: PMC4792561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated the T cells, one of the most common types of immune cells existing in the microenvironment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), may influence the progression of RCC. The potential linkage of T cells and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a key player to impact RCC progression, however, remains unclear. Our results demonstrate that RCC cells can recruit more T cells than non-malignant kidney cells. Using an in vitro matrigel invasion system, we found infiltrating T cells could promote RCC cells invasion via increasing ERβ expression and transcriptional activity. Mechanism dissection suggested that co-culturing T cells with RCC cells released more T cell attraction factors, including IFN-γ, CCL3 and CCL5, suggesting a positive regulatory feed-back mechanism. Meanwhile, infiltrating T cells may also promote RCC cell invasion via increased ERβ and decreased DAB2IP expressions, and knocking down DAB2IP can then reverse the T cells-promoted RCC cell invasion. Together, our results suggest that infiltrating T cells may promote RCC cell invasion via increasing the RCC cell ERβ expression to inhibit the tumor suppressor DAB2IP signals. Further mechanism dissection showed that co-culturing T cells with RCC cells could produce more IGF-1 and FGF-7, which may enhance the ERβ transcriptional activity. The newly identified relationship between infiltrating T cells/ERβ/DAB2IP signals may provide a novel therapeutic target in the development of agents against RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zheng-Yu Ou
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Guang-Qian Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guancial
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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35
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Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Laible M, Schlombs K, Erben P, Kriegmair MC, Stoehr R, Eidt S, Denzinger S, Burger M, Hartmann A, Otto W. ESR1, ERBB2, and Ki67 mRNA expression predicts stage and grade of non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC). Virchows Arch 2016; 469:547-552. [PMID: 27514658 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-2002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological staging and grading are crucial for risk assessment in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Molecular grading might support pathological evaluation and minimize interobserver variability. In this study, the well-established breast cancer markers ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67 were evaluated as potential molecular markers to support grading and staging in NMIBC. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE) of patients with NMIBC. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the aforementioned markers was measured by single-step reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using RNA-specific TaqMan assays. Relative gene expression was determined by normalization to two reference genes (CALM2 and B2M) using the 40-ΔΔCT method and correlated to histopathological stage and grade. Pathological assessment was performed by an experienced uropathologist. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software JMP 9.0.0 version and GraphPad Prism 5.04. Of 381 cases of NMIBC, samples of 100 pTa and 255 pT1 cases were included in the final study. Spearman rank correlation revealed significant correlations between grade and expression of MKI67 (r = 0.52, p < 0.0001), ESR1 (r = 0.25, p < 0.0001), and ERBB2 (r = 0.18, p = 0.0008). In Mann-Whitney tests, MKI67 was significantly different between all grades (p < 0.0001), while ESR1 (p = 0.0006) and ERBB2 (p = 0.027) were significantly different between G2 and G3. Higher expression of MKI67 (r = 0.49; p < 0.0001), ERBB2 (r = 0.22; p < 0.0001), and ESR1 (r = 0.18; p = 0.0009) mRNA was positively correlated with higher stage. MKI67 (p < 0.0001), ERBB2 (p = 0.0058), and PGR (p = 0.0007) were significantly different between pTa and pT1. In NMIBC expression of ESR1, ERBB2 and MKI67 are significantly different between stage and grade. This potentially provides objective parameters for pathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology at the St Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eidt
- Institute of Pathology at the St Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Denzinger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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36
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Song W, Yeh CR, He D, Wang Y, Xie H, Pang ST, Chang LSS, Li L, Yeh S. Infiltrating neutrophils promote renal cell carcinoma progression via VEGFa/HIF2α and estrogen receptor β signals. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19290-304. [PMID: 26079540 PMCID: PMC4662491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils make up a significant portion of the infiltrated immune cells found in the tumor microenvironment. Here we found more infiltrated neutrophils in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lesions than adjacent benign areas. In vitro RCC studies showed that neutrophils (HL-60N cells) infiltrated toward RCC cells and subsequently enhanced RCC cell migration and invasion. Co-culture of RCC cells with HL-60N cells up-regulated ERβ, VEGFa and HIF2α mRNA levels. ERβ signals increased RCC cell migration via induction of the VEGFa/HIF2α pathway. Treatment of HIF inhibitor or rapamycin, or knockdown of ERβ in RCC cells reversed HL-60N-promoted RCC migration. In vivo data using orthotopically xenografted RCC mouse model confirmed that infiltrated neutrophils promoted RCC migration via modulating the expressions of ERβ, VEGFa and HIF2α signal pathways. Together, our studies revealed that neutrophils are favorably recruited to the RCC cells to promote the RCC migration and invasion. Targeting the infiltrating RCC tumor microenvironment with anti-estrogen or rapamycin may be a potential therapy to suppress RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Song
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dalin He
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hongjun Xie
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - See-Tong Pang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luke Sien-Shih Chang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Li
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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37
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Lee KF, Tsai YT, Lin CY, Hsieh CB, Wu ST, Ke HY, Lin YC, Lin FY, Lee WH, Tsai CS. Cancer Incidence among Heart, Kidney, and Liver Transplant Recipients in Taiwan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155602. [PMID: 27196400 PMCID: PMC4873185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based evidence of the relative risk of cancer among heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients from Asia is lacking. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to conduct a population-based cohort study of transplant recipients (n = 5396), comprising 801 heart, 2847 kidney, and 1748 liver transplant recipients between 2001 and 2012. Standardized incidence ratios and Cox regression models were used. Compared with the general population, the risk of cancer increased 3.8-fold after heart transplantation, 4.1-fold after kidney transplantation and 4.6-fold after liver transplantation. Cancer occurrence showed considerable variation according to transplanted organs. The most common cancers in all transplant patients were cancers of the head and neck, liver, bladder, and kidney and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Male recipients had an increased risk of cancers of the head and neck and liver, and female kidney recipients had a significant risk of bladder and kidney cancer. The adjusted hazard ratio for any cancer in all recipients was higher in liver transplant recipients compared with that in heart transplant recipients (hazard ratio = 1.5, P = .04). Cancer occurrence varied considerably and posttransplant cancer screening should be performed routinely according to transplanted organ and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai-Fong Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biobank Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Bao Hsieh
- Division of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yen Ke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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38
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Lucca I, Klatte T, Fajkovic H, de Martino M, Shariat SF. Gender differences in incidence and outcomes of urothelial and kidney cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2016; 12:585-92. [PMID: 26436686 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A gender discrepancy exists in the incidence of both urothelial and kidney carcinomas, with more men presenting with these cancers than women. Men have a threefold greater risk of developing bladder cancer than women, but female gender has been identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for both recurrence and progression of this disease. In particular, women with bladder cancer are often diagnosed with a higher tumour stage than men. Conclusive data on the influence of gender on outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma are currently lacking, although men seem to have a higher disease incidence, whereas survival outcomes might be independent of gender. Patients with renal cell carcinoma are more often men and they typically have larger tumours and higher stage and grade disease than women with this cancer. Smoking habits, tumour biology, occupational risk factors and sex steroid hormones and their receptors could have a role in these observed gender disparities. The majority of data support the theory that gender influences incidence and prognosis of urothelial and kidney cancers; men and women are different genetically and socially, making the consideration of gender a key factor in the clinical decision-making process. Thus, the inclusion of this variable in validated prognostic tables and nomograms should be discussed as a matter of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lucca
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harun Fajkovic
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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39
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Izumi K, Ito Y, Miyamoto H, Miyoshi Y, Ota J, Moriyama M, Murai T, Hayashi H, Inayama Y, Ohashi K, Yao M, Uemura H. Expression of androgen receptor in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer predicts the preventive effect of androgen deprivation therapy on tumor recurrence. Oncotarget 2016; 7:14153-60. [PMID: 26885620 PMCID: PMC4924704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent retrospective study revealed a significantly reduced risk of bladder cancer (BC) recurrence in men who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for their prostate cancer. However, whether androgen receptor (AR) signals contributed to the preventive effect of ADT remained unclear because ADT could reduce serum estrogens as well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between the expression of AR/estrogen receptors (ERs) and BC recurrence in patients treated with ADT. We immunohistochemically stained 72 BCs and 42 corresponding normal urothelial tissues. AR/ERα/ERβ were positive in 44(61%)/22(31%)/39(54%) tumors and 35(83%)/24(57%)/34(81%) corresponding normal urothelial tissues, respectively. There were no statistically significant correlations between AR/ERα/ERβ expression and clinicopathological features of BC. With a median follow-up of 31.3 months, 12 (43%) of 28 patients with AR-negative tumor versus 11 (23%) of 44 patients with AR-positive tumor experienced BC recurrence. Thus, patients with AR-positive tumor had a significantly lower risk of BC recurrence (P=0.031), compared with those with AR-negative tumor. Meanwhile, the expression of ERα/ERβ in tumors and that of AR/ERα/ERβ in normal urothelial tissues were not significantly correlated with BC recurrence. A multivariate analysis revealed AR positivity in tumors as an independent prognosticator (hazard ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.67) for BC recurrence. These results indicate that ADT prevents BC recurrence via the AR pathway, but not via the ERα/ERβ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Izumi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasuhide Miyoshi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junichi Ota
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Moriyama
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Murai
- Department of Urology, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Bladder cancer incidence is higher in old men, shows geographic variation, and is mostly an environmental disease. Cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, water arsenic, Schistosoma haematobium infestation, and some medications are the best established risk factors. Low-penetrance genetic factors also contribute to its origin, some through interaction with environmental factors. Bladder cancer has high prevalence and a low mortality, being largely a chronic disease. Data on environmental and genetic factors involved in the disease outcome are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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41
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Ide H, Miyamoto H. Steroid Hormone Receptor Signals as Prognosticators for Urothelial Tumor. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:840640. [PMID: 26770009 PMCID: PMC4685115 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a substantial amount of preclinical or clinical evidence suggesting that steroid hormone receptor-mediated signals play a critical role in urothelial tumorigenesis and tumor progression. These receptors include androgen receptor, estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor, vitamin D receptor, retinoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and others including orphan receptors. In particular, studies using urothelial cancer tissue specimens have demonstrated that elevated or reduced expression of these receptors as well as alterations of their upstream or downstream pathways correlates with patient outcomes. This review summarizes and discusses available data suggesting that steroid hormone receptors and related signals serve as biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma and are able to predict tumor recurrence or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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42
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Hsu I, Yeh CR, Slavin S, Miyamoto H, Netto GJ, Tsai YC, Muyan M, Wu XR, Messing EM, Guancial EA, Yeh S. Estrogen receptor alpha prevents bladder cancer via INPP4B inhibited akt pathway in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7917-35. [PMID: 25277204 PMCID: PMC4202170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical reports show males have a higher bladder cancer (BCa) incidence than females. The sexual difference of BCa occurrence suggests that estrogen and its receptors may affect BCa development. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is the classic receptor to convey estrogen signaling, however, the function of ERα in BCa development remains largely unknown. To understand the in vivo role of ERα in BCa development, we generated total and urothelial specific ERα knockout mice (ERαKO) and used the pre- carcinogen BBN to induce BCa. Earlier reports showed that ERα promotes breast and ovarian cancers in females. Surprisingly and of clinical importance, our results showed that ERα inhibits BCa development and loss of the ERα gene results in an earlier onset and higher incidence of BBN-induced in vivo mouse BCa. Supportively, carcinogen induced malignant transformation ability was reduced in ERα expressing urothelial cells as compared to ERα negative cells. Mechanism studies suggest that ERα could control the expression of INPP4B to reduce AKT activity and consequently reduce BCa cell growth. In addition, IHC staining of clinical sample analyses show that INPP4B expression, in correlation with reduced ERα, is significantly reduced in human BCa specimens. Together, this is the first report using the in vivo cre-loxP gene knockout mouse model to characterize ERα roles in BCa development. Our studies provide multiple in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal model data as well as human BCa tissue analyses to prove ERα plays a protective role in BCa initiation and growth at least partly via modulating the INPP4B/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iawen Hsu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642. Contributed equally
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642. Contributed equally
| | - Spencer Slavin
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - George J Netto
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Mesut Muyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University, School of Medicine, NY 10016
| | - Edward M Messing
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Elizabeth A Guancial
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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The Estrogen Pathway: Estrogen Receptor-α, Progesterone Receptor, and Estrogen Receptor-β Expression in Radical Cystectomy Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Specimens. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13:476-84. [PMID: 25981333 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bladder cancer has the sixth highest incidence in the United States. Treatment of metastatic bladder cancer is difficult, and mortality is certain. There are certain pathways in cancer growth and progression that are important in bladder cancer development. Recently, the estrogen pathway has been found to be a potential target for therapy. METHODS We identified 410 patients treated with radical cystectomy for urothelial cell carcinoma between 1990 and 1994. We obtained representative paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for 336 (82.0%) of these cases and evaluated the expression and intensity of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ER-β, and progesterone receptor by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among the 12 ER-α-positive cases, median tumor ER-α expression was 10% (range, 10%-50%). In contrast to ER-α, all cases were ER-β-positive. Median tumor ER-β expression was 90% (range, 20%-100%). Nearly all cases had ER-β expression of ≥ 90% (175 [55.9%] with 90% and 103 [32.9%] with 100%). However, the intensity of ER-β staining varied from focal to moderate to marked in 64 (20.5%), 167 (53.4%), and 82 (26.2%) cases, respectively. Progesterone receptor expression was noted to be negative in all cases. CONCLUSIONS ER-β is highly expressed in bladder cancer. Prospective validation of these data might further elucidate the utility of ER-β as a marker for prognosis or possible target for therapy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review and summarize current knowledge on gender differences and sex steroid hormones in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Beyond the proven role of gender as a risk factor for the development of bladder cancer, recent studies indicate that women present with more advanced bladder cancer tumor stages than men, which may be due to differences in both bladder cancer care and biology. In addition, female gender has been identified as an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence and progression and may be associated with worse response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy. Overall, sex steroid hormones and their receptors impact bladder carcinogenesis, recurrence and progression. Basic and transitional research evidence suggests that estrogens may initially protect against bladder cancer development, but later promote bladder cancer progression. Androgens, in contrast, seem to initiate and drive bladder cancer with its receptor playing a central role. Promising novel research shows a potential role of sex steroid hormones as therapeutic targets. SUMMARY Whereas men are more likely to develop bladder cancer, women present generally with more advanced disease and have worse oncologic outcomes even after adjusting for tumor stage. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors play an active role in bladder cancer development and progression and represent attractive therapeutic targets for gender-specific care.
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T-box transcription factor Brachyury in lung cancer cells inhibits macrophage infiltration by suppressing CCL2 and CCL4 chemokines. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5881-90. [PMID: 25744730 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both intra-tumor macrophage and T-box transcription factor Brachyury (T) have been proved to play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. However, it is still unknown whether T could regulate the infiltration of macrophages. Here, we report that the Brachyury expression in human lung tumors was inversely correlated with the infiltration of macrophages. Brachyury suppressed the capability of human lung cancer cells to attract macrophages. Using PCR array, we found that Brachyury inhibited expression of several chemokines, including CCL2, CCL4, and CXCL10. Accordingly, knockdown of CCL2 and CCL4 in lung cancer cells suppressed macrophage invasion under coculture conditions. Furthermore, we found that Brachyury expression was inversely correlated with CCL2 and CCL4 expression in human lung tumors. Taken together, our findings shed light on the novel role of Brachyury in regulation of macrophage infiltration.
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Ishiguro H, Kawahara T, Zheng Y, Netto GJ, Miyamoto H. Reduced glucocorticoid receptor expression predicts bladder tumor recurrence and progression. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:157-64. [PMID: 25015855 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpu8ucezyg4wtv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in bladder tumors because the status and its prognostic value remain largely unknown. METHODS We immunohistochemically stained for GR in bladder tumor and matched non-neoplastic bladder tissue specimens. RESULTS Overall, GR was positive in 129 (87%) of 149 urothelial tumors, which was significantly (P=.026) lower than in non-neoplastic urothelium (90 [96%] of 94). Forty-two (79%) of 53 low-grade tumors vs 45 (47%) of 96 high-grade carcinomas (P<.001) and 61 (73%) of 84 non-muscle-invasive (NMI) tumors vs 26 (40%) of 65 muscle-invasive (MI) carcinomas (P<.001) were moderately to strongly immunoreactive for GR. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests revealed that loss or weak positivity of GR significantly or marginally correlated with recurrence of NMI tumors (P=.025), progression of MI tumors (P=.082), and cancer-specific survival of MI tumors (P=.067). Multivariate analysis identified low GR expression as a strong predictor for recurrence of NMI tumors (P=.034). CONCLUSIONS GR expression was downregulated in bladder tumors compared with nonneoplastic bladder tumors and in high-grade/MI tumors compared with low-grade/NMI tumors. Decreased expression of GR, as an independent prognosticator, predicted recurrence of NMI tumors. These results support experimental evidence suggesting an inhibitory role of GR signals in bladder cancer outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Yichun Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - George J. Netto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Nayak TK, Ramesh C, Hathaway HJ, Norenberg JP, Arterburn JB, Prossnitz ER. GPER-targeted, 99mTc-labeled, nonsteroidal ligands demonstrate selective tumor imaging and in vivo estrogen binding. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1635-43. [PMID: 25030373 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our understanding of estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) receptor biology has evolved in recent years with the discovery and characterization of a 7-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) and the development of GPER-selective functional chemical probes. GPER is highly expressed in certain breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, establishing the importance of noninvasive methods to evaluate GPER expression in vivo. Here, we developed (99m)Tc-labeled GPER ligands to demonstrate the in vivo status of GPER as an estrogen receptor (ER) and for GPER visualization in whole animals. A series of (99m)Tc(I)-labeled nonsteroidal tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolone derivatives was synthesized utilizing pyridin-2-yl hydrazine and picolylamine chelates. Radioligand receptor binding studies revealed binding affinities in the 10 to 30 nmol/L range. Cell signaling assays previously demonstrated that derivatives retaining a ketone functionality displayed agonist properties, whereas those lacking such a hydrogen bond acceptor were antagonists. In vivo biodistribution and imaging studies performed on mice bearing human endometrial and breast cancer cell xenografts yielded significant tumor uptake (0.4-1.1%ID/g). Blocking studies revealed specific uptake in multiple organs (adrenals, uterus, and mammary tissue), as well as tumor uptake with similar levels of competition by E2 and G-1, a GPER-selective agonist. In conclusion, we synthesized and evaluated a series of first-generation (99m)Tc-labeled GPER-specific radioligands, demonstrating GPER as an estrogen-binding receptor for the first time in vivo using competitive binding principles, and establishing the utility of such ligands as tumor imaging agents. These results warrant further investigation into the role of GPER in estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis and as a target for diagnostic/therapeutic/image-guided drug delivery. IMPLICATIONS These studies provide a molecular basis to evaluate GPER expression and function as an ER through in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Nayak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Chinnasamy Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jeffrey P Norenberg
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jeffrey B Arterburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico. University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Abstract
Whole-genome analyses have revealed that muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) are heterogeneous and can be grouped into basal and luminal subtypes that are highly reminiscent of those found in breast cancer. Basal MIBCs are enriched with squamous and sarcomatoid features and are associated with advanced stage and metastatic disease at presentation. Like basal breast cancers, basal bladder tumours contain a claudin-low subtype that is enriched with biomarkers characteristic of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The stem cell transcription factor ΔNp63α controls basal MIBC gene expression, just as it does in basal breast cancers. Luminal MIBCs are enriched with activating FGFR3 and ERBB3 mutations and ERBB2 amplifications, and their gene expression profiles are controlled by peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) and possibly also by oestrogen receptor activation. Luminal bladder cancers can be further subdivided into two subtypes, p53-like and luminal, which can be distinguished from one another by different levels of biomarkers that are characteristic of stromal infiltration, cell cycle progression, and proliferation. Importantly, basal bladder cancers are intrinsically aggressive, but are highly sensitive to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Although the luminal subtypes are not as intrinsically aggressive as basal cancers, p53-like tumours are resistant to chemotherapy and might, therefore, represent a problem for treated patients.
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Editorial comment. Urology 2014; 83:868. [PMID: 24485995 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Li Y, Ishiguro H, Kawahara T, Kashiwagi E, Izumi K, Miyamoto H. Loss of GATA3 in bladder cancer promotes cell migration and invasion. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:428-35. [PMID: 24448324 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.27631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA3 is known as a breast tumor suppressor as well as a urothelial marker, and its loss is often seen in high-grade invasive bladder cancer. Nonetheless, GATA3 functions in bladder cancer cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the effects of GATA3 silencing via RNA interference on cell migration, invasion, and proliferation of bladder cancer. GATA3 expression was downregulated in all four bladder cancer lines examined, compared with a non-neoplastic urothelial line SVHUC. Knockdown of GATA3 in the bladder cancer lines (5637, TCC-SUP, J82) resulted in promotion of cell migration and invasion as well as increases in the expression of their related molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9, and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. GATA3 loss was also associated with an increasing level of a mesenchymal marker N-cadherin and a decreasing level of an epithelial marker β-catenin. Consistent with these findings, enforced expression of GATA3 in UMUC3 inhibited cell migration and invasion. However, GATA3 showed marginal effects on bladder cancer cell viability and the expression of cell cycle- or apoptosis-related molecules. Additionally, in contrast to bladder cancer lines, no significant effects of GATA3 silencing on cell migration were seen in SVHUC. These findings suggest that GATA3 plays an important role in the prevention of bladder cancer progression and metastasis by inhibiting cell migration and invasion as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA; Department of Urology; 2nd Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA; Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns hopkins University school of Medicine; Baltimore, MD UsA
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA; Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns hopkins University school of Medicine; Baltimore, MD UsA
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns hopkins University school of Medicine; Baltimore, MD UsA
| | - Koji Izumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA; Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns hopkins University school of Medicine; Baltimore, MD UsA
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