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Mubtasim N, Gollahon L. Characterizing 3T3-L1 MBX Adipocyte Cell Differentiation Maintained with Fatty Acids as an In Vitro Model to Study the Effects of Obesity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1712. [PMID: 37629569 PMCID: PMC10455818 DOI: 10.3390/life13081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has prompted intensive research into understanding its role in pathogenesis and designing appropriate treatments. To determine the signals generated from the interaction of fat cells with a target organ, a reliable white adipocyte model in vitro is needed. Differentiated fibroblasts are the most extensively studied using in vitro cell models of white adipocytes. However, it can be argued that differentiated fibroblasts minimally recapitulate the consequences of obesity. Here, we describe 3T3-L1 MBX cells as a culture model for studying obese adipocytes and their effects. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 MBX cells was at first optimized and then maintained in the presence of fatty acids cocktail combination to induce the obese condition. Lipid accumulation and adipokine secretion profiles were analyzed. Results showed that fatty acid-maintained, differentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells had significantly greater accumulation of lipids and significant changes in the adipokine secretions in comparison to differentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells maintained in medium without fatty acids. To elucidate the molecular changes associated with adipogenesis and lipid accumulation profile of 3T3-L1 MBX cells, we have also explored the expression of some of the regulatory proteins related to the development and maintenance of adipocytes from the preadipocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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Salem MA, Aborehab NM, Abdelhafez MM, Ismail SH, Maurice NW, Azzam MA, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Salama MM, Ezzat SM. Anti-Obesity Effect of a Tea Mixture Nano-Formulation on Rats Occurs via the Upregulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Sirtuin-1/Glucose Transporter Type 4 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Pathways. Metabolites 2023; 13:871. [PMID: 37512578 PMCID: PMC10385210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
White, green, and oolong teas are produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) and are reported to have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. The current study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effects of a tea mixture nano-formulation by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/GLUT-4 axis in rats. In vitro lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays were used to determine the active sample, which was then incorporated into a nanoparticle formulation subjected to in vivo anti-obesity testing in rats by measuring the expression level of different genes implicated in adipogenesis and inflammation using qRT-PCR. Moreover, metabolomic analysis was performed for each tea extract using LC/ESI MS/MS coupled to chemometrics in an attempt to find a correlation between the constituents of the extracts and their biological activity. The in vitro pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays demonstrated more effective activity in the tea mixture than the standards, orlistat and acarbose, respectively, and each tea alone. Thus, the herbal tea mixture and its nanoparticle formulation were evaluated for their in vivo anti-obesity activity. Intriguingly, the tea mixture significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose and triglycerides and increased the mRNA expression of GLUT-4, P-AMPK, Sirt-1, and PPAR-γ, which induce lipolysis while also decreasing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and ADD1/SREBP-1c, thereby inhibiting the inflammation associated with obesity. Our study suggests that the tea mixture nano-formulation is a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and may also be beneficial in other metabolic disorders by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/Glut-4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr Street, Shibin Elkom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nora M Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Mai M Abdelhafez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed, Giza 12588, Egypt
| | - Nadine W Maurice
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - May A Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maha M Salama
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
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Chandra R, Aryal DK, Douros JD, Shahid R, Davis SJ, Campbell JE, Ilkayeya O, White PJ, Rodriguez R, Newgard CB, Wetsel WC, Liddle RA. Ildr1 gene deletion protects against diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270329. [PMID: 35749484 PMCID: PMC9231709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunoglobulin-like Domain-Containing Receptor 1 (ILDR1) is expressed on nutrient sensing cholecystokinin-positive enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and it has the unique ability to induce fat-mediated CCK secretion. However, the role of ILDR1 in CCK-mediated regulation of satiety is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of ILDR1 on food intake and metabolic activity using mice with genetically-deleted Ildr1. Methods The expression of ILDR1 in murine tissues and the measurement of adipocyte cell size were evaluated by light and fluorescence confocal microscopy. The effects of Ildr1 deletion on mouse metabolism were quantitated using CLAMS chambers and by targeted metabolomics assays of multiple tissues. Hormone levels were measured by ELISA. The effects of Ildr1 gene deletion on glucose and insulin levels were determined using in vivo oral glucose tolerance, meal tolerance, and insulin tolerance tests, as well as ex vivo islet perifusion. Results ILDR1 is expressed in a wide range of tissues. Analysis of metabolic data revealed that although Ildr1-/- mice consumed more food than wild-type littermates, they gained less weight on a high fat diet and exhibited increased metabolic activity. Adipocytes in Ildr1-/- mice were significantly smaller than in wild-type mice fed either low or high fat diets. ILDR1 was expressed in both alpha and beta cells of pancreatic islets. Based on oral glucose and mixed meal tolerance tests, Ildr1-/- mice were more effective at lowering post-prandial glucose levels, had improved insulin sensitivity, and glucose-regulated insulin secretion was enhanced in mice lacking ILDR1. Conclusion Ildr1 loss significantly modified metabolic activity in these mutant mice. While Ildr1 gene deletion increased high fat food intake, it reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. These findings indicate that ILDR1 modulates metabolic responses to feeding in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (RAL)
| | - Dipendra K. Aryal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Douros
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rafiq Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Supriya J. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olga Ilkayeya
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ramona Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rodger A. Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (RAL)
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Histamine H 3 Receptor Ligands-KSK-59 and KSK-73-Reduce Body Weight Gain in a Rat Model of Excessive Eating. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111080. [PMID: 34832862 PMCID: PMC8622623 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noting the worldwide rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity new effective drugs are now being sought to combat these diseases. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists may represent an effective therapy as they have been shown to modulate histamine synthesis and release and affect a number of other neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, substance P) thus influencing the food intake. Based on the preliminary studies determining affinity, intrinsic activity, and selected pharmacokinetic parameters, two histamine H3 receptor ligands were selected. Female rats were fed palatable food for 28 days and simultaneously administered the tested compounds intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 or 1 mg/kg b.w./day. Weight was evaluated daily and calorie intake was evaluated once per week. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, corticosterone, CRP and IL-6 were determined at the end of experiment. The glucose tolerance test was also performed. To exclude false positives, the effect of tested compounds on spontaneous activity was monitored during the treatment, as well as the amount of consumed kaolin clay was studied as a reflection of possible gastrointestinal disturbances comparable to nausea. The histamine H3 receptor antagonists KSK-59 and KSK-73 administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. prevented weight gain in a rat model of excessive eating. They reduced adipose tissue deposits and improved glucose tolerance. Both compounds showed satisfying ability to penetrate through biological membranes determined in in vitro studies. Compound KSK-73 also reduced the caloric intake of the experimental animals what indicates its anorectic effect. These results show the pharmacological properties of histamine H3 receptor antagonists, (4-pyridyl)piperazine derivatives, as the compounds causing not only slower weight gain but also ameliorating some metabolic disorders in rats having the opportunity to overeat.
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Kim SJ, Choi SI, Jang M, Jeong YA, Kang CH, Kim GH. Combination of Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 attenuates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:479-491. [PMID: 34348593 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanisms of action of human-derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231, MG4244, and their combination, in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Administration of the Limosilactobacillus strains decreased body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, and glucose tolerance. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and leptin were reduced, while adiponectin increased. The administration of Limosilactobacillus strains improved the histopathological features of liver tissue, such as hepatic atrophy and inflammatory penetration, and significantly reduced the content of triglyceride in the liver. Limosilactobacillus administration discovered a significant reduction in the size of the adipocytes in the epididymal tissue. Limosilactobacillus treatment significantly reduced the expression of important regulators in lipid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte-protein 2, and lipoprotein lipase in the epididymal tissue. Also, Limosilactobacillus lowered sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c and FAS in the liver tissue. Such changes in the expression of these regulators in both liver and epididymis tissue were caused by Limosilactobacillus upregulating phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Therefore, we suggest that the use of the combination of L. fermentum MG4231 and MG4244, as probiotics could effectively inhibit adipogenesis and lipogenesis from preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, 144 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - S-I Choi
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, 144 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - M Jang
- Department of Food and Life Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-A Jeong
- R&D Center, MEDIOGEN Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Kang
- R&D Center, MEDIOGEN Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G-H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
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García-Salazar LF, Ribeiro JAM, Saade-Pacheco CR, Mattiello SM, Catai AM, Garcia-Araújo AS, Russo TL. Adiponectin Concentration and Chronic Stroke Individuals, Associations with Body Composition, Physical Activity Levels and Lipid Profile: A Cross-Sectional Explorative Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105993. [PMID: 34325270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher adiponectin concentration has been associated with the presence of sarcopenia in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Post-stroke individuals presented higher adiponectin concentrations than non-stroke ones. However, no previous study has investigated the association between the adiponectin concentration and skeletal muscle mass in post-stroke individuals. On the other hand, higher adiponectin concentration has been associated with a more favorable lipid profile and the physical activity level might regulate adiponectin concentration. These associations have not been studied in this population. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine whether the adiponectin concentration is associated with: (1) body composition; (2) lipid profile; and (3) physical activity level in chronic post-stroke individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a correlational, cross-sectional exploratory study. Data on body composition and lipid profile were collected using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody® 720) and an automated method analyzer (CELL-DYN Ruby), respectively. The physical activity level was measured by the StepWatch® Activity Monitor and the serum adiponectin concentration was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Correlation analyses were made using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). RESULTS Twenty-one post-stroke participants took part in the study. The adiponectin concentration was associated with the following: skeletal muscle mass (rs = -0.78), skeletal muscle mass index (rs = -0.75) and high-density lipoprotein (rs = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS A greater adiponectin concentration is associated with a lower skeletal muscle mass and a higher high-density lipoprotein level in chronic post-stroke individuals, but not with physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Fernanda García-Salazar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Physical Therapy Program, Rehabilitation Science Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Cássia Regina Saade-Pacheco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Educational Foundation of the Municipality of Assis, Municipal Institute of Higher Education of Assis, Assis, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecida Maria Catai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Luiz Russo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Martínez-García MÁ, Moncayo S, Insenser M, Álvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators to single macronutrient challenges: influence of obesity and sex hormones. Food Funct 2021; 12:1051-1062. [PMID: 33443255 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the influence of obesity, sex and sex steroids on the postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators and their receptors to different macronutrient challenges. Seventeen women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, 8 with obesity), 17 non-hyperandrogenic control women (8 with obesity) and 19 control men (9 with obesity) were submitted, on alternate days, to isocaloric (300 kcal) oral glucose, lipid and protein loads. We evaluated serum ghrelin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor and adiponectin levels and the leukocyte gene expression of ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR), leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) during the macronutrient challenges. The postprandial responses of circulating energy homeostasis mediators were entirely different than those of their related genes. After macronutrient loads the postprandial response of serum energy homeostasis mediators showed a generalized physiological decrease that was blunted in subjects with obesity but was not influenced by sex, sex hormones or PCOS. However, gene expression of GHRL, LEPR and ADIPOR1 showed a marked increase following the ingestion of glucose compared with lipids and proteins, regardless of obesity and sex steroids. The physiological decrease after macronutrient loads, that was deregulated in obesity, did not reflect the acute leukocyte gene expression mainly after glucose, and may suggest a possible role for ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin in the postprandial inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Álvarez-Blasco
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
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Wu T, Zhang Q, Wu S, Hu W, Zhou T, Li K, Liu D, Gu HF, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Li L, Yang G. CILP-2 is a novel secreted protein and associated with insulin resistance. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:1083-1094. [PMID: 30896018 PMCID: PMC6934158 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies have implicated that cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP-2) confers the risk susceptibility for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, it is still unknown whether CILP-2 is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance (IR). In the current study, we initially observed that CILP-2 as a secreted protein was detected in both conditioned medium and lysates of cells transfected with an overexpressed vector. We then found that circulating CILP-2 levels had a progressive increase from normal to impaired glucose tolerance (a pre-diabetic status) and then to diabetes, which was correlated positively with waist-to-hip ratio, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, 2-h blood glucose after glucose overload, HbA1c, fasting insulin, 2-h plasma insulin after glucose overload, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance but negatively with HDL-C. CILP-2 expression was increased in the liver and muscle but decreased in adipose tissues of obese mice or T2DM patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CILP-2 circulating levels were affected by OGTT and Exenatide. CILP-2 overexpression resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and hepatic IR in vivo and increased PEPCK expression whereas suppressed phosphorylation of insulin receptor and Akt kinase in vitro. Based on these findings, we have identified a direct interaction between CILP-2 and PEPCK and suggested that CILP-2 plays an important role in the regulation of hepatic glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chongqing, China
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Kita S, Maeda N, Shimomura I. Interorgan communication by exosomes, adipose tissue, and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4041-4049. [PMID: 31483293 DOI: 10.1172/jci129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays important roles in regulating whole-body energy metabolism through its storage function in white adipocytes and its dissipating function in brown and beige adipocytes. Adipose tissue also produces a variety of secreted factors called adipocytokines, including leptin and adiponectin. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested the important roles of extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin termed exosomes, which are secreted from adipocytes and other cells in adipose tissue and influence whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is known to be a pleiotropic organ-protective protein that is exclusively produced by adipocytes and decreased in obesity. Adiponectin accumulates in tissues such as heart, muscle, and vascular endothelium through binding with T-cadherin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) cadherin. Recently, adiponectin was found to enhance exosome biogenesis and secretion, leading to a decrease in cellular ceramides, excess of which is known to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease phenotypes. These findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue metabolism systemically regulates exosome production and whole-body metabolism through exosomes. This review focuses on intra-adipose and interorgan communication by exosomes, adiponectin-stimulated exosome production, and their dysregulation in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine.,Department of Adipose Management, and
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Murata Y, Harada N, Yamane S, Iwasaki K, Ikeguchi E, Kanemaru Y, Harada T, Sankoda A, Shimazu-Kuwahara S, Joo E, Poudyal H, Inagaki N. Medium-chain triglyceride diet stimulates less GIP secretion and suppresses body weight and fat mass gain compared with long-chain triglyceride diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E53-E64. [PMID: 30990747 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00200.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin secreted from enteroendocrine K cells and potentiates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. GIP also enhances long-chain triglyceride (LCT) diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Long-term intake of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet is known to induce less body weight and fat mass gain than that of LCT diet. However, the effect of MCT diet feeding on GIP secretion and the effect of GIP on body weight and fat mass under MCT diet-feeding condition are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of single MCT oil administration on GIP secretion and compared the effect of long-term MCT and LCT diet on body weight and fat mass gain in wild-type (WT) and GIP-knockout (GIP KO) mice. Single administration of LCT oil induced GIP secretion but that of MCT oil did not in WT mice. Long-term intake of LCT diet induced GIP hypersecretion and significant body weight and fat mass gain compared with that of control fat (CF) diet in WT mice. In contrast, MCT diet did not induce GIP hypersecretion, and MCT diet-fed mice showed smaller increase in body weight and fat mass gain compared with CF diet-fed mice. In GIP KO mice, body weight and fat mass were markedly attenuated in LCT diet-fed mice but not in MCT diet-fed mice. Our results suggest that long-term intake of MCT diet stimulates less GIP secretion and suppresses body weight and fat mass gain compared with that of LCT diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamane
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kanako Iwasaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Eri Ikeguchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kanemaru
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takanari Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akiko Sankoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Satoko Shimazu-Kuwahara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Erina Joo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hemant Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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11
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Gnocchi D, Custodero C, Sabbà C, Mazzocca A. Circadian rhythms: a possible new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:741-759. [PMID: 30953079 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, a better knowledge of the molecular machinery supervising the regulation of circadian clocks has been achieved, and numerous findings have helped in unravelling the outstanding significance of the molecular clock for the proper regulation of our physiologic and metabolic homeostasis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered as one of the emerging liver pathologies in the Western countries due to the modification of eating habits and lifestyle. Although NAFLD is considered a pretty benign condition, it can progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenic mechanisms involved in NAFLD development are complex, since this disease is a multifactorial condition. Major metabolic deregulations along with a genetic background are believed to take part in this process. In this light, the aim of this review is to give a comprehensive description of how our circadian machinery is regulated and to describe to what extent our internal clock is involved in the regulation of hormonal and metabolic homeostasis, and by extension in the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH and eventually in the onset of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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12
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Hazra S, Henson GD, Bramwell RC, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Impact of high-fat diet on vasoconstrictor reactivity of white and brown adipose tissue resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H485-H494. [PMID: 30550353 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00278.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow regulation is a critical factor for tissue oxygenation and substrate supply. Increased reactivity of arteries to vasoconstrictors may increase vascular resistance, resulting in reduced blood flow. We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet on stiffness and vasoconstrictor reactivity of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) resistance arteries and also investigated the interconversion of both adipose depots in the setting of a HF diet. Vasoconstrictor reactivity and passive morphology and mechanical properties of arteries from B6D2F1 mice (5 mo old) fed normal chow (NC) or a HF diet (8 wk) were measured using pressure myography. Receptor gene expression in WAT and BAT arteries and markers of WAT and BAT were assessed in whole tissue lysates by real-time RT-PCR. Despite greater receptor-independent vasoconstriction (in response to KCl, P < 0.01), vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II ( P < 0.01) was lower in NC-BAT than NC-WAT arteries and similar in response to endothelin-1 ( P = 0.07) and norepinephrine ( P = 0.11) in NC-BAT and NC-WAT arteries. With the exception of BAT artery reactivity to endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, the HF diet tended to attenuate reactivity in arteries from both adipose depots and increased expression of adipose markers in BAT. No significant differences in morphology or passive mechanical properties were found between adipose types or diet conditions. Alterations in gene expression of adipose markers after the HF diet suggest beiging of BAT. An increase in brown adipocytes in the absence of increased BAT mass may be a compensatory mechanism to dissipate excess energy from a HF diet. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite no differences in passive mechanical properties and greater receptor-independent vasoconstriction, receptor-mediated vasoconstriction was either lower in brown than white adipose tissue arteries or similar in brown and white adipose tissue arteries. A high-fat diet has a greater impact on vasoconstrictor responses in white adipose tissue but leads to altered adipose tissue gene expression consistent with beiging of the brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - R Colton Bramwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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13
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Small L, Gong H, Yassmin C, Cooney GJ, Brandon AE. Thermoneutral housing does not influence fat mass or glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:313-324. [PMID: 30400016 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One major factor affecting physiology often overlooked when comparing data from animal models and humans is the effect of ambient temperature. The majority of rodent housing is maintained at ~22°C, the thermoneutral temperature for lightly clothed humans. However, mice have a much higher thermoneutral temperature of ~30°C, consequently data collected at 22°C in mice could be influenced by animals being exposed to a chronic cold stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing temperature on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism of mice fed normal chow or a high-fat, obesogenic diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J(Arc) mice were housed at standard temperature (22°C) or at thermoneutrality (29°C) and fed either chow or a 60% HFD for 13 weeks. The HFD increased fat mass and produced glucose intolerance as expected but this was not exacerbated in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Changing the ambient temperature, however, did alter energy expenditure, food intake, lipid content and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mice regulate energy balance at different housing temperatures to maintain whole-body glucose tolerance and adiposity irrespective of the diet. Despite this, metabolic differences in individual tissues were apparent. In conclusion, dietary intervention in mice has a greater impact on adiposity and glucose metabolism than housing temperature although temperature is still a significant factor in regulating metabolic parameters in individual tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry Gong
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian Yassmin
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Bianchi VE. Weight loss is a critical factor to reduce inflammation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Vaezi M, Yaghmaei P, Hayati-Roodbari N, Irani S, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Citral effect in male NMRI mice nonalcoholic steatosis model: assessing biochemical and histological parameters and PPARα gene expression. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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16
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LI ZS, ZHENG JW, MANABE Y, HIRATA T, SUGAWARA T. Anti-Obesity Properties of the Dietary Green Alga, Codium cylindricum, in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:347-356. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Si LI
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Jia-Wen ZHENG
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki MANABE
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi HIRATA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University
| | - Tatsuya SUGAWARA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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17
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Lee MYK, Ge G, Fung ML, Vanhoutte PM, Mak JCW, Ip MSM. Low but not high frequency of intermittent hypoxia suppresses endothelium-dependent, oxidative stress-mediated contractions in carotid arteries of obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1384-1395. [PMID: 30091668 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and predisposes to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of sleep apnea. The present study compared the functional impact of low- (IH10; 10 hypoxic events/h) and high-frequency (IH60; 60 hypoxic events/h) IH for 4 wk on endothelial function in male C57BL/6 mice with or without high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Mean arterial blood pressure (tail cuff method) was increased in obese mice after IH60 exposure, i.e., HF + IH60 group. The serum levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde were augmented in lean IH60 and HF groups, with a further increase in HF + IH60 but a reduction in HF + IH10 mice compared with the HF group. Vascular responsiveness was assessed as changes in isometric tension in isolated arteries. Relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were impaired in HF + IH60 aortae. Endothelium-dependent contractions (EDC; response to acetylcholine in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME) in carotid arteries were augmented in the HF group, but this HF-induced augmentation was suppressed by low-frequency IH exposure. The addition of apocynin (antioxidant) reduced EDC in HF and HF + IH60 groups but not in HF + IH10 group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exposure of obese mice to mild IH exerts preconditioning-like suppression of endothelium-dependent and oxidative stress-mediated contractions. When IH severity increases, this suppression diminishes and endothelial dysfunction accelerates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that low-frequency intermittent hypoxia may exert a preconditioning-like suppression of oxidative stress-induced endothelium-dependent contractions in mice with diet-induced obesity. This relative suppression was diminished as intermittent hypoxia became more severe, and a deleterious effect on endothelial function emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y K Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Grace Ge
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - M L Fung
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
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18
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Wu C, Gao J, Chen L, Shao X, Ye J. Identification, characterization, and expression analysis of adiponectin receptors in black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus in response to dietary carbohydrate. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1127-1141. [PMID: 29687170 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three cDNAs of AdipoRs (MpAdipoR1a, MpAdipoR1b, and MpAdipoR2) were identified from juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. There were 375, 378, and 356 amino acids in the MpAdipoR1a, MpAdipoR1b, and MpAdipoR2, respectively. BLAST analysis reveals that MpAdipoRs share high identities with other known AdipoRs from zebrafish, rainbow trout, human, etc. And there were all seven transmembrane regions in the amino acid sequences of MpAdipoR1s and MpAdipoR2, respectively. The relative expression levels of MpAdipoR1s were higher in the liver, blood, brain, and eyes in black carp (p < 0.05). Relatively higher expression of MpAdipoR2 was detected in the liver (p < 0.05) and then in the adipose tissues and blood by real-time PCR assays. The relative expression levels of AdipoR mRNA in the liver, muscle, brain, blood, and adipose tissues were detected by real-time PCR in black carp fed with four levels of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) (10.65, 19.43, 28.84, and 37.91%) for 9 weeks, respectively. The expression levels of MpAdipoR1s in the liver, muscle, brain, and blood were induced and reached to the maximum at optimal dietary CHO (19.43 or 28.84%) and then were decreased at 37.91% dietary CHO, although there were no significant differences on the expression levels of MpAdipoR1a in the liver between 19.43, 28.84, and 37.91% dietary CHO. Similarly, MpAdipoR2 were also induced to the maximal levels in the liver, muscle, brain, and blood at optimal dietary CHO (19.43 or 28.84%) compared with that at 10.65% dietary CHO, although no significant differences were observed on the expression levels of MpAdipoR2 in the liver and muscle between groups fed 19.43 and 37.91% dietary CHO (p > 0.05). However, the expression levels of MpAdipoRs in the adipose tissues were significantly downregulated at excessive dietary CHO (37.91%) compared with other groups (p < 0.05). These results indicated that MpAdipoRs were inducible proteins and might enhance the understanding of their vital roles in the regulation of glucose metabolic homeostasis in black carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun'e Gao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianping Shao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Ye
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Jambocus NGS, Ismail A, Khatib A, Mahomoodally F, Saari N, Mumtaz MW, Hamid AA. Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract prevent weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1338919. [PMID: 28814950 PMCID: PMC5553101 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1338919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Morinda citrifolia L. is widely used as a folk medicinal food plant to manage a panoply of diseases, though no concrete reports on its potential anti-obesity activity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of M. citrifolia leaf extracts (MLE60) in the prevention of weight gain in vivo and establish its phytochemical profile. Design: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups based on a normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD), with or without MLE60 supplementation (150 and 350 mg/kg body weight) and assessed for any reduction in weight gain. Plasma leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and ghrelin of all groups were determined. 1H NMR and LCMS methods were employed for phytochemical profiling of MLE60. Results: The supplementation of MLE60 did not affect food intake indicating that appetite suppression might not be the main anti-obesity mechanism involved. In the treated groups, MLE60 prevented weight gain, most likely through an inhibition of pancreatic and lipoprotein activity with a positive influence on the lipid profiles and a reduction in LDL levels . MLE60 also attenuated visceral fat deposition in treated subjects with improvement in the plasma levels of obesity-linked factors . 1Spectral analysis showed the presence of several bioactive compounds with rutin being more predominant. Conclusion: MLE60 shows promise as an anti-obesity agents and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Halal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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20
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Sontam DM, Vickers MH, Firth EC, O'Sullivan JM. A Memory of Early Life Physical Activity Is Retained in Bone Marrow of Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2017; 8:476. [PMID: 28736532 PMCID: PMC5500658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported opposing effects of high-fat (HF) diet and mechanical stimulation on lineage commitment of the bone marrow stem cells. Yet, how bone marrow modulates its gene expression in response to the combined effects of mechanical loading and a HF diet has not been addressed. We investigated whether early-life (before onset of sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age) voluntary physical activity can modulate the effects of a HF diet on male Sprague Dawley rats. In the bone marrow, early-life HF diet resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy and a pro-inflammatory and pro-adipogenic gene expression profile. The bone marrow of the rats that undertook wheel exercise while on a HF diet retained a memory of the early-life exercise. This memory lasted at least 60 days after the cessation of the voluntary exercise. Our results are consistent with the marrow adipose tissue having a unique response to HF feeding in the presence or absence of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani M Sontam
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Elwyn C Firth
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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21
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Chen LH, Chien YW, Liang CT, Chan CH, Fan MH, Huang HY. Green tea extract induces genes related to browning of white adipose tissue and limits weight-gain in high energy diet-fed rat. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1347480. [PMID: 28804438 PMCID: PMC5533130 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1347480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A wealth of research has reported on the anti-obesity effects of green tea extract (GTE). Although browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been reported to attenuate obesity, no study has disclosed the effects of GTE on browning in Sprague Dawley rats. Objectives: The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of GTE on anti-obesity and browning, and their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Four groups of rats (n=10/group) were used including a normal diet with vehicle treatment, and a high-energy diet (HED) with vehicle or GTE by oral gavage at 77.5 or 155 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Body weight, fat accumulation, and serum biochemical parameters were used to evaluate obesity. The gene expressions were analyzed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results: GTE modulated HED-induced body weight, fat accumulation, and serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Moreover, GTE enhanced the serum high-density lipoprotein. Most importantly, the biomarkers of beige adipose tissue were up-regulated in WAT in GTE-given groups. GTE induced genes involved in different pathways of browning, and reduced transducin-like enhancer protein-3 in WAT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GTE may improve obesity through inducing browning in HED-fed rats. Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; BAT: Brown adipose tissue; BMP-7: Bone morphogenetic protein-7; BW: Body weight; CIDEA: Cell death activator; CPT-1: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; EFP: Epididymal fat pad; FFA: Free fatty acid; FGF-21: Fibroblast growth factor-21; GTE: Green tea extract; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HED: high-energy diet; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; MFP: Mesenteric fat pad; PGC-1α: Activates PPAR-γ coactivator-1; PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; PRDM-16: PR domain containing 16; RFP: Renal fat pad; SD: Sprague Dawley; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol; TLE-3: Transducin-like enhancer protein-3: UCP-1: Uncoupling protein-1; WAT: White adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- YongLin Biomedical Engineering Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Fan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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22
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Anavi S, Madar Z, Tirosh O. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, to struggle with the strangle: Oxygen availability in fatty livers. Redox Biol 2017; 13:386-392. [PMID: 28667907 PMCID: PMC5493836 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. Oxygen is a central component of the cellular microenvironment, which participate in the regulation of cell survival, differentiation, functions and energy metabolism. Accordingly, sufficient oxygen supply is an important factor for tissue durability, mainly in highly metabolic tissues, such as the liver. Accumulating evidence from the past few decades provides strong support for the existence of interruptions in oxygen availability in fatty livers. This outcome may be the consequence of both, impaired systemic microcirculation and cellular membrane modifications which occur under steatotic conditions. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the main factors which can affect oxygen supply in fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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23
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Troike KM, Henry BE, Jensen EA, Young JA, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Impact of Growth Hormone on Regulation of Adipose Tissue. Compr Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28640444 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of obesity and obesity-related conditions worldwide has necessitated a more thorough understanding of adipose tissue (AT) and expanded the scope of research in this field. AT is now understood to be far more complex and dynamic than previously thought, which has also fueled research to reevaluate how hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), alter the tissue. In this review, we will introduce properties of AT important for understanding how GH alters the tissue, such as anatomical location of depots and adipokine output. We will provide an overview of GH structure and function and define several human conditions and cognate mouse lines with extremes in GH action that have helped shape our understanding of GH and AT. A detailed discussion of the GH/AT relationship will be included that addresses adipokine production, immune cell populations, lipid metabolism, senescence, differentiation, and fibrosis, as well as brown AT and beiging of white AT. A brief overview of how GH levels are altered in an obese state, and the efficacy of GH as a therapeutic option to manage obesity will be given. As we will reveal, the effects of GH on AT are numerous, dynamic and depot-dependent. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:819-840, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Troike
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Brooke E Henry
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward O List
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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24
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Dogan S, Ray A, Cleary MP. The influence of different calorie restriction protocols on serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and IGF-I levels in female C57BL6 mice: short term and long term diet effects. Meta Gene 2017; 12:22-32. [PMID: 28373962 PMCID: PMC5375115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective intervention to prevent chronic diseases including cancer. Although many factors, i.e., sex hormones, IGF-I and mTOR have been studied in response to CR, the molecular mechanisms of CR remain to be identified. Our objective was to determine the short and long-term effects of different CR protocols on pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our hypothesis was that Intermittent CR (ICR) would result in greater inhibition of pro-inflammatory serum cytokines compared to Chronic CR (CCR) as we previously found ICR to be more protective in the prevention of mammary tumor development. From ten weeks of age female C57BL6 mice were maintained on either ad libitum (AL) fed, ICR or CCR protocols (overall CR of ~75% of AL) for up to 74 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected for measurements of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, leptin, IGF-I and insulin at specified ages. For ICR mice samples were collected following 3 weeks of restriction (ICR-R) and after one week of refeeding (ICR-RF). In general, both modes of CR significantly reduced serum IL-6, TNF-α, IGF-I and leptin levels compared to AL with IL-6 levels 24 and 3.5 fold and TNF-α levels t 11 and 1.5 fold lower in ICR and CCR groups, respectively at study termination. There was a trend for adiponectin and insulin to be highest in ICR-RF mice. Body weights were positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, insulin and leptin but negatively correlated with adiponectin-to-leptin ratio. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between IL-6 and TNF-α. Beneficial effects of ICR may function through pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Dogan
- University of Minnesota, Hormel Institute Medical Research Center, Austin, MN, USA
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitabha Ray
- University of Minnesota, Hormel Institute Medical Research Center, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Margot P. Cleary
- University of Minnesota, Hormel Institute Medical Research Center, Austin, MN, USA
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25
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Kasper JM, Milton AJ, Smith AE, Laezza F, Taglialatela G, Hommel JD, Abate N. Cognitive deficits associated with a high-fat diet and insulin resistance are potentiated by overexpression of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 64:48-53. [PMID: 28373023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that over consumption of high-fat foods and insulin resistance may alter hippocampal-dependent cognitive function. To study the individual contributions of diet and peripheral insulin resistance to learning and memory, we used a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1 in adipocytes, which inhibits the insulin receptor. Here, we demonstrate that a model of peripheral insulin resistance exacerbates high-fat diet induced deficits in performance on the Morris Water Maze task. This finding was then reviewed in the context of the greater literature to explore potential mechanisms including triglyceride storage, adiponectin, lipid composition, insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and hippocampal signaling. Together, these findings further our understanding of the complex relationship among peripheral insulin resistance, diet and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kasper
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - A J Milton
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - A E Smith
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - F Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - G Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - J D Hommel
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - N Abate
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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26
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Gnocchi D, Bruscalupi G. Circadian Rhythms and Hormonal Homeostasis: Pathophysiological Implications. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010010. [PMID: 28165421 PMCID: PMC5372003 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that control biological clocks and circadian rhythms has been achieved. In fact, many studies have contributed to unravelling the importance of the molecular clock for the regulation of our physiology, including hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. Here we will review the structure, organisation and molecular machinery that make our circadian clock work, and its relevance for the proper functioning of physiological processes. We will also describe the interconnections between circadian rhythms and endocrine homeostasis, as well as the underlying consequences that circadian dysregulations might have in the development of several pathologic affections. Finally, we will discuss how a better knowledge of such relationships might prove helpful in designing new therapeutic approaches for endocrine and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14186, Sweden.
| | - Giovannella Bruscalupi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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27
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Astiz M, Pernía O, Barrios V, Garcia-Segura LM, Diz-Chaves Y. Short-Term High-Fat Diet Feeding Provides Hypothalamic but Not Hippocampal Protection against Acute Infection in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 104:40-50. [PMID: 26862917 DOI: 10.1159/000444527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased fever and sickness behavior in response to infection. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the reaction to immune stimuli. Bacterial infection, or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces the expression of peripheral cytokines that stimulate the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and activate the HPA axis. In this study, we explored whether the hypothalamic and hippocampal responses to infection are altered during the development of diet-induced obesity. Male mice were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 15 days. They were then administered a single intraperitoneal injection of bacterial LPS or vehicle and sacrificed 24 h later. LPS increased circulating levels of insulin and leptin, but only in LFD animals. LPS induced a significant decrease in hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels in LFD animals but exerted the opposite effect in HFD-fed mice. LPS increased the hypothalamic expression of molecules involved in the leptin signaling pathway (SOCS3 and STAT3), nuclear factor-κB pathway members, inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) and glial proliferation markers (Emr1 and CD68) in LFD animals. These effects were dampened in HFD-fed mice. In contrast, the hippocampal responses to LPS were largely insensitive to HFD. These results suggest that HFD feeding reduced the inflammatory response induced by LPS in the hypothalamus but not in the hippocampus.
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28
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Prevention and treatment effect of evogliptin on hepatic steatosis in high-fat-fed animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:268-281. [PMID: 27885461 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an adipokine that interrupts insulin signaling. The resulting insulin resistance exacerbates hepatic steatosis. We previously reported that the novel DPP4 inhibitor evogliptin improves insulin resistance. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of evogliptin for fatty liver. Evogliptin treatment was initiated simultaneously with a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in normal mice and in a post-24 week HFD-fed rats. In a prevention study, insulin sensitivity was preserved in evogliptin-treated mice after a 16-week treatment. Overall plasma lipid levels stayed lower and hepatic lipid accumulation was drastically suppressed by evogliptin treatment. Evogliptin reduced hepatic expression of Srebf1, a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis. Additionally, DPP4 inhibitor-treated mice showed less weight gain. In a treatment study, after evogliptin treatment for 14 weeks in pre-established HFD-fed obese rats, weight loss was marginal, while hepatic lipid accumulation and liver damage assessed by measuring plasma aminotransferase levels were completely resolved, suggesting weight loss-independent beneficial effects on fatty liver. Moreover, reduction in plasma non-esterified fatty acids supported the improvement of insulin resistance by evogliptin treatment. Conclusively, our findings suggest that evogliptin treatment ameliorates fatty liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and suppressing lipogenesis.
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29
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Pierard M, Conotte S, Tassin A, Boutry S, Uzureau P, Boudjeltia KZ, Legrand A. Interactions of exercise training and high-fat diet on adiponectin forms and muscle receptors in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:75. [PMID: 27822289 PMCID: PMC5094086 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by systemic disturbances that increase cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin (Ad) exhibits a cardioprotective function because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. In the bloodstream, this adipocytokine circulates on multimers (Admer), among which high molecular weight (HMW) are the most active forms. Because alterations of Ad plasmatic levels, Admer distribution and receptor (AdipoR) expression have been described in murine models and obese patients, strategies that aim to enhance Ad production or its effect on target tissues are the subject of intense investigations. While exercise training is well known to be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk, the contribution of Ad is still controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on Ad production, Admer distribution and AdipoR muscle expression in a murine model of MetS. Methods At 6 weeks of age, mice were submitted to a standard (SF) or high-fat high-sugar (HF) diet for 10 weeks. After 2 weeks, the SF- and HF-fed animals were randomly assigned to a training program (SFT, HFT) or not (SFC, HFC). The trained groups were submitted to sessions of running on a treadmill 5 days a week. Results and conclusions The HF mice presented the key problems associated with MetS (increased caloric intake, body weight, glycemia and fat mass), a change in Admer distribution in favor of the less-active forms and increased AdipoR2 expression in muscle. In contrast, exercise training reversed some of the adverse effects of a HF diet (increased glucose tolerance, better caloric intake control) without any modifications in Ad production and Admer distribution. However, increased AdipoR1 muscle expression was observed in trained mice, but this effect was hampered by HF diet. These data corroborate a recent hypothesis suggesting a functional divergence between AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, with AdipoR1 having the predominant protective action on metabolic function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0138-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélany Pierard
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Conotte
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierrick Uzureau
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Free University of Brussels, CHU de Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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30
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Karkhaneh L, Yaghmaei P, Parivar K, Sadeghizadeh M, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Effect of trans-chalcone on atheroma plaque formation, liver fibrosis and adiponectin gene expression in cholesterol-fed NMRI mice. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:720-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Mikuska L, Vrabcova M, Tillinger A, Balaz M, Ukropec J, Mravec B. Chronic liquid nutrition intake induces obesity and considerable but reversible metabolic alterations in Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:225-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Ceddia RP, Lee D, Maulis MF, Carboneau BA, Threadgill DW, Poffenberger G, Milne G, Boyd KL, Powers AC, McGuinness OP, Gannon M, Breyer RM. The PGE2 EP3 Receptor Regulates Diet-Induced Adiposity in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:220-32. [PMID: 26485614 PMCID: PMC4701878 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mice carrying a targeted disruption of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) gene, Ptger3, were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or a micronutrient matched control diet, to investigate the effects of disrupted PGE2-EP3 signaling on diabetes in a setting of diet-induced obesity. Although no differences in body weight were seen in mice fed the control diet, when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice gained more weight relative to EP3(+/+) mice. Overall, EP3(-/-) mice had increased epididymal fat mass and adipocyte size; paradoxically, a relative decrease in both epididymal fat pad mass and adipocyte size was observed in the heaviest EP3(-/-) mice. The EP3(-/-) mice had increased macrophage infiltration, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6 expression, and necrosis in their epididymal fat pads as compared with EP3(+/+) animals. Adipocytes isolated from EP3(+/+) or EP3(-/-) mice were assayed for the effect of PGE2-evoked inhibition of lipolysis. Adipocytes isolated from EP3(-/-) mice lacked PGE2-evoked inhibition of isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis compared with EP3(+/+). EP3(-/-) mice fed HFD had exaggerated ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver, with evidence of hepatic steatosis. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were similar between genotypes on a control diet, but when fed HFD, EP3(-/-) mice became hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic when compared with EP3(+/+) fed HFD, demonstrating a more severe insulin resistance phenotype in EP3(-/-). These results demonstrate that when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice have abnormal lipid distribution, developing excessive ectopic lipid accumulation and associated insulin resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cell Size
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophage Activation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Necrosis
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/immunology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Panniculitis/etiology
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ceddia
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - DaeKee Lee
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Matthew F Maulis
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Rabadan-Chávez G, Quevedo-Corona L, Garcia AM, Reyes-Maldonado E, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Cocoa powder, cocoa extract and epicatechin attenuate hypercaloric diet-induced obesity through enhanced β-oxidation and energy expenditure in white adipose tissue. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Xue B, Nie J, Wang X, DuBois DC, Jusko WJ, Almon RR. Effects of High Fat Feeding on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:15-26. [PMID: 26309393 PMCID: PMC4533846 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of type 2 diabetes is a complex interaction between genetics and environmental influences. High dietary fat is one environmental factor that is conducive to the development of insulin-resistant diabetes. In the present report, we compare the responses of lean poly-genic, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats to those of control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a high fat diet from weaning to 20 weeks of age. This comparison included a wide array of physiological measurements along with gene expression profiling of abdominal adipose tissue using Affymetrix gene array chips. Animals of both strains fed a high fat diet or a normal diet were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks for this comparison. The microarray analysis revealed that the two strains developed different adaptations to increased dietary fat. WKY rats decrease fatty acid synthesis and lipogenic processes whereas GK rats increase lipid elimination. However, on both diets the major differences between the two strains remained essentially the same. Specifically relative to the WKY strain, the GK strain showed lipoatrophy, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Debra C DuBois
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard R Almon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Fam BC, Sgambellone R, Ruan Z, Proietto J, Andrikopoulos S. Contribution of the hypothalamus and gut to weight gain susceptibility and resistance in mice. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:191-204. [PMID: 25934705 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity susceptibility in humans and in rodent strains varies in response to the consumption of high-energy density (HED) diets. However, the exact mechanism(s) involved in this susceptibility remain(s) unresolved. The aim of the present study was to gain greater insight into this susceptibility by using C57BL/6J (B6) mice that were separated into obesity-prone (diet-induced obese (DIO)) and obesity-resistant (diet-induced resistant (DR)) groups following an HED diet for 6 weeks. Physiological, biochemical and gene expression assessments of energy balance were performed in the DIO and DR mice on an HED diet and chow-fed mice. The increased weight gain of the DIO mice as compared to the DR mice was associated with increased energy intake and higher plasma leptin and adiponectin levels but not with reduced physical activity or resting energy expenditure. Hypothalamic Pomc gene expression was elevated, but there were no changes in Npy or Agrp expression. Adipose tissue leptin and adiponectin gene expression were significantly reduced in the DIO group as compared to the DR group. Interestingly, ileum expression of G protein-coupled receptor (Gpr) 40 (Gpr40) was significantly increased, whereas Gpr120, Gpr119, Gpr41, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp1) were reduced. Contrastingly, the lower weight gain of the DR group was associated with elevated adipose tissue leptin and adiponectin gene expression, but there were no differences in plasma hormone or hypothalamic gene expression levels as compared to chow-fed mice. Therefore, the present data demonstrate that susceptibility and resistance to diet-induced weight gain in B6 mice appears to be predominantly driven by peripheral rather than hypothalamic modifications, and changes in gut-specific receptors are a potentially important contributor to this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Fam
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health) Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sgambellone
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health) Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health) Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health) Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health) Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Lance Townsend Building, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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Overexpression of the adiponectin gene mimics the metabolic and stress resistance effects of calorie restriction, but not the anti-tumor effect. Exp Gerontol 2015; 64:46-54. [PMID: 25698374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Adipoq), a peptide hormone secreted from the white adipose tissue, may play a role in the anti-aging and/or anti-tumor effects of calorie restriction (CR). We analyzed metabolic traits in Adipoq gene-overexpressing mice fed ad libitum with a regular diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD), or fed 30% CR of RD initiated at 12 weeks of age. Adipoq-RD and -HFD mice at 6 months of age showed reduced blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and thus increased insulin sensitivity, compared with WT mice fed a RD or a HFD. In the epididymal white adipose tissue in Adipoq mice, senescence-like changes such as upregulation of p53 protein and of biomarkers of inflammation, Cd68 and Ccl2 mRNA, were ameliorated compared with WT-RD and WT-HFD mouse tissues. Resistance to stress induced by lipopolysaccharide was also strengthened in Adipoq mice compared with WT mice. These metabolic changes and stress resistance were also noted in the WT-CR mice, suggesting that Adipoq plays a part in the effect of CR. In contrast, in an allograft tumor growth model, tumor growth was not inhibited in Adipoq mice. The present findings suggest that Adipoq plays a part in the anti-aging, but not in the anti-tumor, effects of CR.
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Hu XQ, Yuan P, Luan RS, Li XL, Liu WH, Feng F, Yan J, Yang YF. Calpain-10 SNP43 and SNP19 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer: a matched case-control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:6673-80. [PMID: 24377587 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Given that CRC and IR physiologically overlap and the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) is a candidate for IR, we explored the association between CAPN10 and CRC risk. METHODS Blood samples of 400 case-control pairs were genotyped, and the lifestyle and dietary habits of these pairs were recorded and collected. Unconditional logistic regression (LR) was used to assess the effects of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19, and environmental factors. Both generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and the classification and regression tree (CART) were used to test gene-environment interactions for CRC risk. RESULTS The GA+AA genotype of SNP43 and the Del/Ins+Ins/Ins genotype of SNP19 were marginally related to CRC risk (GA+AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.92-1.99; Del/Ins+Ins/ Ins: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.84-2.04). Notably, a high-order interaction was consistently identified by GMDR and CART analyses. In GMDR, the four-factor interaction model of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, and smoked meat consumption was the best model, with a maximum cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and testing balance accuracy of 0.61 (P < 0.01). In LR, subjects with high red and smoked meat consumption and two risk genotypes had a 6.17-fold CRC risk (95% CI = 2.44-15.6) relative to that of subjects with low red and smoked meat consumption and null risk genotypes. In CART, individuals with high smoked and red meat consumption, SNP19 Del/Ins+Ins/Ins, and SNP43 GA+AA had higher CRC risk (OR = 4.56, 95%CI = 1.94-10.75) than those with low smoked and red meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS Though the single loci of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19 are not enough to significantly increase the CRC susceptibility, the combination of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, and smoked meat consumption is associated with elevated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail :
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Okuda MH, Zemdegs JCS, de Santana AA, Santamarina AB, Moreno MF, Hachul ACL, dos Santos B, do Nascimento CMO, Ribeiro EB, Oyama LM. Green tea extract improves high fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, without affecting the serotoninergic system. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1084-9. [PMID: 25086779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate possible mechanisms of green tea's anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in the hypothalamus, the central regulator of metabolism, of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD), we analyzed proteins of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and serotoninergic proteins involved in energy homeostasis. Thirty-day-old male Swiss mice were fed with HFD rich in saturated fat and green tea extract (GTE) for 8 weeks. After that, body weight and mass of fat depots were evaluated. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed 3 days prior to euthanasia; serum glucose, insulin and adiponectin were measured in fasted mice. Hypothalamic TLR4 pathway proteins, serotonin receptors 1B and 2C and serotonin transporter were analyzed by Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A second set of animals was used to measure food intake in response to fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Mice fed with HFD had increased body weight and mass of fat depots, impaired oral glucose tolerance, elevated glucose and insulin and decreased adiponectin serum levels. TLR4, IκB-α, nuclear factor κB p50 and interleukin 6 were increased by HFD. Concomitant GTE treatment ameliorated these parameters. The serotoninergic system remained functional after HFD treatment despite a few alterations in protein content of serotonin receptors 1B and 2C and serotonin transporter. In summary, the GTE attenuated the deleterious effects of the HFD investigated in this study, partially due to reduced hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos H Okuda
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliane C S Zemdegs
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline A de Santana
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline B Santamarina
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Moreno
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C L Hachul
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno dos Santos
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Oller do Nascimento
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is the premier energy depot. Since the discovery of the hormonal properties of adipose-secreted proteins such as leptin and adiponectin, WAT has been classified as an endocrine organ. Although many regulatory effects of the adipocyte-derived hormones on various biological systems have been identified, maintaining systemic energy homeostasis is still the essential function of most adipocyte-derived hormones. Adiponectin is one adipocyte-derived hormone and well known for its effect in improving insulin sensitivity in liver and skeletal muscle. Unlike most other adipocyte-derived hormones, adiponectin gene expression and blood concentration are inversely associated with adiposity. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated that, in addition to its insulin sensitizing effects, adiponectin plays an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the progress of research about 1) the causal relationship of adiposity, energy intake, and adiponectin gene expression; and 2) the regulatory role of adiponectin in systemic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonggi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0983, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Kang NE, Ha AW, Woo HW, Kim WK. Peanut sprouts extract (Arachis hypogaea L.) has anti-obesity effects by controlling the protein expressions of PPARγ and adiponectin of adipose tissue in rats fed high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:158-64. [PMID: 24741399 PMCID: PMC3988504 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES This study aims to find out the effects of peanut sprout extracts on weight controls and protein expressions of transcription factors related to adipocyte differentiation and adipocytokine in rats under high-fat diets. MATERIALS/METHODS Four week-old Sparague-Dawley (SD) were assigned to 4 groups; normal-fat (NF) diets (7% fat diet), high-fat (HF) diets (20% fat diet), high fat diets with low peanut sprout extract (HF + PSEL) diet (20% fat and 0.025% peanut sprout extract), and high fat diets with high peanut sprout extract (HF + PSEH) diet (20% fat and 0.05% peanut sprout extract). Body weight changes, lipid profiles in adipose tissue, and the mRNA protein expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT element binding protein α (C/EBP α), leptin, and adiponectin, were determined. RESULTS After 9 weeks of feeding, the HF + PSEH group had significantly less weight gains than the HF group (P < 0.05). However, the total dietary intakes or food efficiency ratios among groups were not significantly different. The weight of epididymal fat in HF + PSEH group, 3.61 ± 0.5 g, or HF + PSEL group, 3.80 ± 0.7 g, was significantly lower than the HF group, 4.39 ± 0.4g, (P < 0.05). Total lipids and total cholesterol in adipose tissue were significantly decreased in HF + PSEH group compared to those in the HF group, respectively (P < 0.05). PSEH supplementation caused AST and ALT levels to decrease when it compared to HF group, but it was not statistically significant. The protein expression of PPARγ in HF + PSEH group was significantly lower than the HF group (P < 0.05). Comparing with the HF group, the protein expression of adiponectin in HF + PSEH group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The protein expressions of C/EBP α and leptin in HF + PSEH group were lower than the HF group, but it was not statistical significant. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, peanut sprout extract has anti-obesity effect by lowering the expressions of PPARγ which regulates the expression of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam E Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553 Sanseong-Daero,Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi 461-632, Korea
| | - Ae Wha Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-Ro, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Hye Won Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-Ro, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-Ro, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
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Kim E, Kim EJ, Seo SW, Hur CG, McGregor RA, Choi MS. Meta-Review of Protein Network Regulating Obesity Between Validated Obesity Candidate Genes in the White Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:910-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.619283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
In most species, endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology. Clock disruption has been associated with decreased cognitive performance and increased propensity to develop obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Many hormonal factors show robust diurnal secretion rhythms, some of which are involved in mediating clock output from the brain to peripheral tissues. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of clock-hormone interaction in mammals, the contribution of different tissue oscillators to hormonal regulation, and how changes in circadian timing impinge on endocrine signalling and downstream processes. We further summarize recent findings suggesting that hormonal signals may feed back on circadian regulation and how this crosstalk interferes with physiological and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Tsang
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Effects of a diet enriched with polyunsaturated, saturated, or trans fatty acids on cytokine content in the liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle of adult mice. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:594958. [PMID: 24027356 PMCID: PMC3762081 DOI: 10.1155/2013/594958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of diet enriched with 30% lipids on cytokines content in different tissues. Swiss male mice were distributed into four groups treated for 8 weeks with control (C, normolipidic diet); soybean oil (S); lard (L); and hydrogenated vegetable fat (H). We observed an increase in carcass fat in groups S and L, and the total amount of fatty deposits was only higher in group L compared with C group. The serum levels of free fatty acids were lower in the L group, and insulin, adiponectin, lipid profile, and glucose levels were similar among the groups. IL-10 was lower in group L in mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues. H reduced IL-10 only in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was an increase in IL-6 in the gastrocnemius muscle of the L group, and a positive correlation between TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in the livers of groups C, L, and H and in the muscles of all groups studied. The results suggested relationships between the quantity and quality of lipids ingested with adiposity, the concentration of free fatty acids, and cytokine production in white adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver.
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White PAS, Cercato LM, Araújo JMD, Souza LA, Soares AF, Barbosa APO, R. Neto JMD, Marçal AC, Machado UF, Camargo EA, Santos MRV, Brito LC. Modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica e associada à resistência à ação da insulina e intolerância à glicose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:339-45. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Validar um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica, de baixo custo, fácil reprodutibilidade, que mimetizasse características observadas no humano e viabilizasse posteriores proposições terapêuticas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dezesseis camundongos Swiss receberam dieta padrão (DP) ou dieta hiperlipídica (DH), durante 10 semanas. RESULTADOS: Embora o grupo DP tenha apresentado maior consumo de água (p < 0,01) e ração (p < 0,001), o grupo DH apresentou maior ganho de peso corpóreo (p < 0,5) e aumento de coxins adiposos (p < 0,001), favorecendo maior índice de adiposidade (p < 0,001), glicemia (p < 0,01) e área sob a curva nos testes de tolerância à insulina (p < 0,001) e à glicose (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Validou-se um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica associada à resistência à ação da insulina e à intolerância à glicose, em um período de 10 semanas.
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Hu X, Yuan P, Yan J, Feng F, Li X, Liu W, Yang Y. Gene Polymorphisms of ADIPOQ +45T>G, UCP2 -866G>A, and FABP2 Ala54Thr on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67275. [PMID: 23826253 PMCID: PMC3695067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As insulin resistance (IR) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), we explored the association between each of the IR-related gene polymorphisms of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) rs2241766, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) rs659366, and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) rs1799883 and CRC risk. Genotyping of blood samples and collection of lifestyle and dietary habits were performed for 400 case-control pairs. Unconditional logistic regression (ULR) was applied to assess the effects of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), environmental factors. Both ULR and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) were used to test the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on CRC risk. Subjects carrying the ADIPOQ rs2241766 TG+GG genotype had a higher CRC risk than those carrying the TT genotype (OR = 1.429, 95% CI 1.069–1.909). The additive and multiplicative interactions between ADIPOQ rs2241766 and FABP2 rs1799883 on CRC were found by ULR (RERI = 0.764, 95%CI 0.218∼1.311, AP = 0.514, 95%CI 0.165∼0.864, S = −1.745, 95%CI is unachievable, and Pmulti = 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, the high order gene-gene interaction of the three SNPs were found by GMDR (P = 0.0107). A significant dosage effect with an increasing number of risk genotypes was observed as the risk of CRC increased (Ptrend = 0.037). In GMDR, the gene-environment interaction among the three SNPs and red meat consumption on CRC risk was significant (P = 0.0107). Compared with subjects with low red meat consumption and null risk genotypes, those with high-red meat consumption and three risk genotypes had 3.439-fold CRC risk (95% CI 1.410–8.385). In conclusion, the results showed that the ADIPOQ rs2241766 TG+GG genotype increased CRC risk. Given the complexity of the carcinogen for CRC, ADIPOQ rs2241766, UCP2 rs659366, FABP2 rs1799883 and red meat consumption potentially worked together in affecting CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Intestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Sakai S, Iizuka N, Fujiwara M, Miyoshi M, Aoyama M, Maeshige N, Hamada Y, Usami Y, Usami M. Mild obesity reduces survival and adiponectin sensitivity in endotoxemic rats. J Surg Res 2013; 185:353-63. [PMID: 23838384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent meta-analyses have reported that critically ill patients with morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m(2)) have poor outcomes, but the effects and mechanisms of action of mild obesity are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild obesity using a lard-based, high-fat diet (HFD) on pathologic conditions and the mechanisms of adiponectin action in endotoxemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent HFD feeding for 4 wk and were killed at 0, 1.5, and 6 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Plasma levels of adiponectin, nitric oxide, and interleukin 6; messenger RNA expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in the liver and the skeletal muscle; blood biochemical test results; and histology of the liver were analyzed. RESULTS HFD-fed rats had a lower survival rate (12.8% versus 85.2%) and lower plasma adiponectin levels after LPS injection (P < 0.01). Messenger RNA expression of adiponectin receptors in the liver, but not the skeletal muscle, also decreased in HFD-fed rats (P < 0.05). Tissue injury and oxidative stress in the liver and plasma inflammatory mediator levels increased, and worsened lipid metabolism abnormalities were noted. The findings indicated that HFD decreased the sensitivity of adiponectin and was associated with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation, which finally resulted in worsened liver injury and poor survival rate after LPS injection. CONCLUSIONS Short-term, HFD-induced, mild obesity is harmful to the septic host, reduces adiponectin sensitivity, and could be the cause of worsening pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Sakai
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Lomax MA, Karamanlidis G, Laws J, Cremers SG, Weinberg PD, Clarke L. Pigs fed saturated fat/cholesterol have a blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, are insulin resistant and have decreased expression of IRS-1, PGC1α and PPARα. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:656-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim HA, Kwon NS, Baek KJ, Kim DS, Yun HY. Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 associates negatively with adiponectin. Cytokine 2013; 62:206-9. [PMID: 23548727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is a secreted protein member of LGI/epitempin family. We previously reported that LGI3 was expressed in adipose tissues and suppressed adipogenesis through its receptor, ADAM23. We proposed that LGI3 may be a candidate adipokine with pro-inflammatory activity. To investigate the role of LGI3 in adipose tissues, we analyzed cytokine profile in LGI3 knockout mice. Protein array analysis showed that adiponectin was significantly increased in adipose tissues and plasma of LGI3 knockout mice. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of LGI3 increased adiponectin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells with LGI3 protein decreased adiponectin in a dose-dependent manner. High fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed expression of LGI3 in adipose tissue macrophages in addition to adipocytes that expressed LGI3 in both normal chow-fed and HFD-fed mice. The 60-kDa LGI3 was selectively increased in adipose tissues of HFD mice in which adiponectin was downregulated. Taken together, these results suggested that LGI3 may participate in adipose tissue homeostasis by negatively regulating adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-861, Republic of Korea
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Tian C, Ye X, Zhang R, Long J, Ren W, Ding S, Liao D, Jin X, Wu H, Xu S, Ying C. Green tea polyphenols reduced fat deposits in high fat-fed rats via erk1/2-PPARγ-adiponectin pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53796. [PMID: 23342006 PMCID: PMC3546082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypoadiponectinemia contributes to the development of obesity and related disorders such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. In this study we investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) on adiponectin levels and fat deposits in high fat (HF) fed rats, the mechanism of signaling pathway was explored as well. Methods and Results Male Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet. GTPs (0.8, 1.6, 3.2 g/L) were administered via drinking water. Serum adiponectin and insulin were measured by ELISA, mRNA levels of adiponectin and PPARγ in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined by Real-time PCR, protein levels of PPARγ, phospho (p) - PPARγ, extracellular signal regulated kinase (erk) 1/2 and p-erk1/2 in VAT were determined by western blot. GTPs treatment attenuated the VAT accumulation, hypoadiponectinemia and the decreased mRNA level of adiponectin in VAT induced by HF. Decreased expression and increased phosphorylation of PPARγ (the master regulator of adiponectin), and increased activation of erk1/2 were observed in HF group, and these effects could be alleviated by GTPs treatment. To explore the underlying mechanism, VAT was cultured in DMEM with high glucose to mimic the hyperglycemia condition in vitro. Similar to the results of in vivo study, decreased adiponectin levels, decreased expression and increased phosphorylation of PPARγ, and elevated erk1/2 phosphorylation in cultured VAT were observed. These effects could be ameliorated by co-treatment with GTPs or PD98059 (a selective inhibitor of erk1/2). Conclusion GTPs reduced fat deposit, ameliorated hypoadiponectinemia in HF-fed rats, and relieved high glucose-induced adiponectin decrease in VAT in vitro. The signaling pathway analysis indicated that PPARγ regulation mediated via erk1/2 pathway was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Department of Public Health, WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Long
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiye Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibin Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Public Health, WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunqin Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenjiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Obesity promotes increased secretion of a number of inflammatory factors from adipose tissue. These factors include cytokines and very lately, extracellular matrix components (ECM). Biglycan, a small leucine rich proteoglycan ECM protein, is up-regulated in obesity and has recently been recognized as a pro-inflammatory molecule. However, it is unknown whether biglycan contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction. In the present study, we characterized biglycan expression in various adipose depots in wild-type mice fed a low fat diet (LFD) or obesity-inducing high fat diet (HFD). High fat feeding induced biglycan mRNA expression in multiple adipose depots. Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing effects. Due to the importance of adiponectin, we examined the effect of biglycan on adiponectin expression. Comparison of adiponectin expression in biglycan knockout (bgn(-/0)) and wild-type (bgn(+/0)) reveals higher adiponectin mRNA and protein in epididymal white adipose tissue in bgn(-/0) mice, as well higher serum concentration of adiponectin, and lower serum insulin concentration. On the contrary, knockdown of biglycan in 3T3-L1 adipocytes led to decreased expression and secretion of adiponectin. Furthermore, treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with conditioned medium from biglycan treated macrophages resulted in an increase in adiponectin mRNA expression. These data suggest a link between biglycan and adiponectin expression. However, the difference in the pattern of regulation between in vivo and in vitro settings reveals the complexity of this relationship.
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