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Dowker-Key PD, Jadi PK, Gill NB, Hubbard KN, Elshaarrawi A, Alfatlawy ND, Bettaieb A. A Closer Look into White Adipose Tissue Biology and the Molecular Regulation of Stem Cell Commitment and Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1017. [PMID: 39202377 PMCID: PMC11353785 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) makes up about 20-25% of total body mass in healthy individuals and is crucial for regulating various metabolic processes, including energy metabolism, endocrine function, immunity, and reproduction. In adipose tissue research, "adipogenesis" is commonly used to refer to the process of adipocyte formation, spanning from stem cell commitment to the development of mature, functional adipocytes. Although, this term should encompass a wide range of processes beyond commitment and differentiation, to also include other stages of adipose tissue development such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, angiogenesis, macrophage infiltration, polarization, etc.… collectively, referred to herein as the adipogenic cycle. The term "differentiation", conversely, should only be used to refer to the process by which committed stem cells progress through distinct phases of subsequent differentiation. Recognizing this distinction is essential for accurately interpreting research findings on the mechanisms and stages of adipose tissue development and function. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of white adipose tissue development, from commitment to terminal differentiation, and examine key functional aspects of WAT that are crucial for normal physiology and systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presley D. Dowker-Key
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Jadi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Nicholas B. Gill
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Katelin N. Hubbard
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Ahmed Elshaarrawi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Naba D. Alfatlawy
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
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Wang Z, Shi D. Research progress on the neutrophil components and their interactions with immune cells in the development of psoriasis. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13404. [PMID: 37522489 PMCID: PMC10339011 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease, and currently it is widely believed that the IL-23/IL-17 axis and Th17 cells play a critical and central role. However, increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils may interact with a variety of immune cells to play an indispensable role in psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the recent literature on psoriasis and neutrophils through databases such as PubMed and CNKI, and summarized the findings to draw conclusions. RESULTS Neutrophils can promote the development of psoriasis by secreting IL-23, IL-17, and cytokines with TH17 cell chemotaxis. Activated keratinocytes (KCs) can attract and activate neutrophils, induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). KCs can also expose self-antigens which lead to strong autoimmune reactions. The granule proteins secreted by activated neutrophils can activate IL-36, which converts vulgaris psoriasis to generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). CONCLUSION The function of neutrophils components and the interaction between neutrophils and immune cells play an essential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of targeted clinical treatments and fundamental research on the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandongChina
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor, Department of Dermatology & Laboratory of Medical MycologyJining No. 1 People's HospitalJiningShandong ProvinceChina
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3
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Suau R, Pardina E, Domènech E, Lorén V, Manyé J. The Complex Relationship Between Microbiota, Immune Response and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:472-489. [PMID: 34528668 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the pathological involvement of hypertrophic mesenteric fat attached to the serosa of the inflamed intestinal segments involved in Crohn's disease [CD], known as creeping fat. In spite of its protective nature, creeping fat harbours an aberrant inflammatory activity which, in an already inflamed intestine, may explain why creeping fat is associated with a greater severity of CD. The transmural inflammation of CD facilitates the interaction of mesenteric fat with translocated intestinal microorganisms, contributing to activation of the immune response. This may be not the only way in which microorganisms alter the homeostasis of this fatty tissue: intestinal dysbiosis may also impair xenobiotic metabolism. All these CD-related alterations have a functional impact on nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which are implicated in regulation of the immune response, adipogenesis and the maintenance of barrier function, as well as on creeping fat production of inflammatory-associated cells such as adipokines. The dysfunction of creeping fat worsens the inflammatory course of CD and may favour intestinal fibrosis and fistulizing complications. However, our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and pathogenic role of creeping fat is controversial and a better understanding might provide new therapeutic targets for CD. Here we aim to review and update the key cellular and molecular alterations involved in this inflammatory process that link the pathological components of CD with the development of creeping fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' University Hospital, Badalona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Cytokines belong to the most widely studied group of intracellular molecules involved in the function of the immune system. Their secretion is induced by various infectious stimuli. Cytokine release by host cells has been extensively used as a powerful tool for studying immune reactions in the early stages of viral and bacterial infections. Recently, research attention has shifted to the investigation of cytokine responses using mRNA expression, an essential mechanism related to pathogenic and nonpathogenic-immune stimulants in fish. This review represents the current knowledge of cytokine responses to infectious diseases in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Given the paucity of literature on cytokine responses to many infections in carp, only select viral diseases, such as koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD), spring viremia of carp (SVC), and carp edema virus disease (CEVD), are discussed. Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most studied bacterial pathogens associated with cytokine responses in common carp. Therefore, the cytokine-based immunoreactivity raised by this specific bacterial pathogen is also highlighted in this review.
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Eroglu S, Cakmakliogullari EK. Decreased serum profile of the interleukin-36α in polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:1018-1022. [PMID: 34794731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the serum adiponectin and interleukin-36 alpha (IL-36α) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and their relationship with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observatory study included 80 PCOS patients and 58 controls. The clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters, and serum adiponectin and IL-36α levels of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS The serum IL-36α levels of the PCOS patients were significantly lower when compared to the control group, despite a similar mean body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.000). The adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the obese PCOS group when compared to the obese control group (P = 0.03). The plasma IL-36α level was positively correlated with adiponectin level, but negatively correlated with the serum LH level (P = 0.000 and P = 0.004, respectively). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off value of IL-36α was calculated as 0.815 for PCOS. In the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, IL-36α (OR [95% CI] 0.432 [0.303, 0.616], P < 0.001) and adiponectin (OR [95% CI] 1.044 [1.005, 1.084], P = 0.028) were determined to be significantly associated with PCOS. CONCLUSION A reduced IL-36α level may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovulatory disfunction and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenic and clinical significance of the IL-36 system in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Eroglu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Samsun University, Konya, Turkey.
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Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors and Adipokines in Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance. Inflammation 2021; 45:31-44. [PMID: 34536157 PMCID: PMC8449520 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, manifested by increased adiposity, represents a main cause of morbidity in the developed countries, causing increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recruitment of macrophages and activation of innate immunity represent the initial insult, which can be further exacerbated through secretion of chemokines and adipocytokines from activated macrophages and other cells within the adipose tissue. These events can impact adipogenesis, causing dysfunction of the adipose tissue and increased risk of insulin resistance. Various factors mediate adiposity and related insulin resistance including inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors. In this review we will discuss the role of these factors in adipogenesis and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate adipogenesis and insulin resistance could help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for individuals at higher risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Hayran Y, Allı N, Yücel Ç, Akdoğan N, Turhan T. Serum IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: association with disease characteristics, smoking, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:187-196. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang WM, Wu C, Yu XL, Jin HZ. IL-36 β Promotes Inflammatory Activity and Inhibits Differentiation of Keratinocytes In Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 34:199-204. [PMID: 31601303 DOI: 10.24920/003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Despite advances in the study of its pathogenesis, the exact development mechanism of psoriasis remains to be fully elucidated. Hyperproliferative epidermis plays a crucial role in psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin-36β (IL-36β) on keratinocyte dysfunction in vitro. Methods Human keratinocyte cell lines, HaCaT cells, were treated with 0 (control), 50 or 100 ng/ml IL-36β respectively for 24 h. Cell viability was determined with a cell counting kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effects of IL-36β on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Expressions of the differentiation markers, such as keratin 10 and involucrin, were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Expressions of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6 were tested by ELISA. Results CCK8 assay showed the survival rate had no significant difference between the control and treated group (P > 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed cell cycle arrest at S phase in the IL-36β-treated groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR verified the decreased mRNA expressions of keratin 10 and involucrin in the IL-36β-treated groups compared with the negative control (P < 0.01). ELISA showed 100 ng/ml IL-36β enhanced levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in culture supernatants of HaCaT cells compared with the negative control (P < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that IL-36β could induce cell cycle arrest at S phase, inhibit keratin 10 and involucrin expressions and promote inflammatory activity in HaCaT cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Giannoudaki E, Hernandez-Santana YE, Mulfaul K, Doyle SL, Hams E, Fallon PG, Mat A, O'Shea D, Kopf M, Hogan AE, Walsh PT. Interleukin-36 cytokines alter the intestinal microbiome and can protect against obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4003. [PMID: 31488830 PMCID: PMC6728358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family are important mediators of obesity and metabolic disease and have been described to often play opposing roles. Here we report that the interleukin-36 (IL-36) subfamily can play a protective role against the development of disease. Elevated IL-36 cytokine expression is found in the serum of obese patients and negatively correlates with blood glucose levels among those presenting with type 2 diabetes. Mice lacking IL-36Ra, an IL-36 family signalling antagonist, develop less diet-induced weight gain, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These protective effects correlate with increased abundance of the metabolically protective bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestinal microbiome. IL-36 cytokines promote its outgrowth as well as increased colonic mucus secretion. These findings identify a protective role for IL-36 cytokines in obesity and metabolic disease, adding to the current understanding of the role the broader IL-1 family plays in regulating disease pathogenesis. IL-36α,β and ɣ are IL-1-related cytokines promoting inflammation in the skin and intestine. Here the authors show they are elevated in individuals with obesity, and that mice lacking the IL-36 receptor antagonist are more resistant to diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction, which depends on intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Giannoudaki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Yasmina E Hernandez-Santana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Kelly Mulfaul
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Doyle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Emily Hams
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Arimin Mat
- Obesity Immunology Research, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Obesity Immunology Research, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
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10
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Jiang N, Li Y, Shu T, Wang J. Cytokines and inflammation in adipogenesis: an updated review. Front Med 2019; 13:314-329. [PMID: 30066061 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological relevance of cytokines is known for more than 20 years. Evidence suggests that adipogenesis is one of the biological events involved in the regulation of cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα and IL-1β) inhibit adipogenesis through various pathways. This inhibitory effect can constrain the hyperplastic expandability of adipose tissues. Meanwhile, chronic low-grade inflammation is commonly observed in obese populations. In some individuals, the impaired ability of adipose tissues to recruit new adipocytes to adipose depots during overnutrition results in adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance. Intervention studies showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonists improve metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on the cytokines currently known to regulate adipogenesis under physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. Recent studies on how inhibited adipogenesis leads to metabolic disorders were summarized. Although the interplay of cytokines and lipid metabolism is yet incompletely understood, cytokines represent a class of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Bassoy EY, Towne JE, Gabay C. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines. Immunol Rev 2018; 281:169-178. [PMID: 29247994 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines include 3 agonists, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ that bind to a common receptor composed of IL-36R and IL-1RAcP to stimulate inflammatory responses. IL-36Ra is a natural antagonist that binds to IL-36R, but does not recruit the co-receptor IL-1RAcP and does not stimulate any intracellular responses. The IL-36 cytokines are expressed predominantly by epithelial cells and act on a number of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Processing of the N-terminus is required for full agonist or antagonist activity for all IL-36 members. The role of IL-36 has been extensively demonstrated in the skin where it can act on keratinocytes and immune cells to induce a robust inflammatory response that has been implicated in psoriatic disorders. Emerging data also suggest a role for this cytokine family in pulmonary and intestinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yonca Bassoy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer E Towne
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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DiK B, Bahcivan E, Eser Faki H, Uney K. Combined treatment with interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists improve type 2 diabetes in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:751-756. [PMID: 29558631 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, combined treatment with etanercept and anakinra were tested in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + anakinra (DAT), diabetic + etanercept (DET), and diabetic + etanercept + anakinra (DEAT). HC and DC groups received subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with a saline solution, while DAT and DET groups received anakinra (10 mg/kg per day, s.c.) or etanercept (10 mg/kg, twice a week, s.c.), and DEAT rats received both anakinra and etanercept treatments for 21 days after diabetes has developed. Anakinra and etanercept treatments significantly increased insulin and homeostatic model assessment β-cell function levels and decreased glucose levels compared to the DC group as single (DAT and DET) and combined treatments (DEAT). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level was significantly decreased in DAT group. The combine use of etanercept and anakinra can improve insulin and blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. The combined treatment of anakinra and etanercept together was more effective than single treatment and might have a potential new treatment strategy and to reduce the mortality and morbidity resulting from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak DiK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
| | - Emre Bahcivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
| | - Hatice Eser Faki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
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13
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Ding L, Wang X, Hong X, Lu L, Liu D. IL-36 cytokines in autoimmunity and inflammatory disease. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2895-2901. [PMID: 29416822 PMCID: PMC5788690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inteleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokines include IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra, which belong to the IL-1 family and exert pro-inflammatory effects on various target cells such as keratinocytes, synoviocytes, dendritic cells and T cells. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide a brief review on the activation of IL-36 family cytokines and their involvement in autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, which will provide further insights in understanding the functions of IL-36 family cytokines in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Turcotte LM, Yingst A, Verneris MR. Metabolic Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: At the Intersection of Treatment Toxicity and Immune Dysfunction. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1159-1166. [PMID: 27013015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors face a multitude of short- and long-term health complications in the years after treatment. One important health complication that is associated with significant morbidity is metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). This constellation of findings, which includes obesity, glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, and hypertension, places affected individuals at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications, and stroke. Previous studies have linked MetSyn in HCT survivors to prior treatment; however, few studies have addressed the potential roles of systemic inflammation and immune system dysfunction after HCT. Within this review, we address the recent advances in the understanding of adipose tissue biology, immune, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in MetSyn in non-HCT patients, and lastly, we discuss potential novel mechanisms that may play a role in MetSyn development after HCT, such as hematopoietic stem cell source, inflammatory status of the stem cell donor, and microbiome composition, all of which represent potential new directions for post-HCT MetSyn research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Ashley Yingst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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15
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Lv Z, Fan J, Zhang X, Huang Q, Han J, Wu F, Hu G, Guo M, Jin Y. Integrative genomic analysis of interleukin-36RN and its prognostic value in cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1404-12. [PMID: 26676204 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36RN, previously known as IL1-F5 and IL-1δ, shares a 360-kb region of chromosome 2q13 with members of IL-1 systems. IL-36RN encodes an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). In spite of IL-36Ra showing the highest homology to IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist, it differs from the latter in aspects including its binding to IL-lRrp2 but not to IL-1R1. IL-36RN is mainly expressed in epithelial cells and has important roles in inflammatory diseases. In the present study, IL-36RN was identified in the genomes of 27 species, including human, chimpanzee, mouse, horse and dolphin. Human IL-36RN was mainly expressed in the eye, head and neck, fetal heart, lung, testis, cervix and placenta; furthermore, it was highly expressed in bladder and parathyroid tumors. Furthermore, a total of 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms causing missense mutations were determined, which are considered to be the causes of various diseases, such as generalized pustular psoriasis. In addition, the link between IL-36RN and the prognosis of certain cancer types was revealed through meta-analysis. Tumor-associated transcriptional factors c-Fos, activator protein-1, c-Jun and nuclear factor κB were found to bind to the upstream region in the IL-36RN gene. This may indicate that IL-36RN is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression through the regulation of tumor-associated transcriptional factors. The present study identified IL-36RN in various species and investigated the associations between IL-36RN and cancer prognosis, which would determine whether IL-36RN drove the evolution of the various species with regard to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jinshuo Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jieli Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Ballak DB, Stienstra R, Tack CJ, Dinarello CA, van Diepen JA. IL-1 family members in the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic disease: Focus on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Cytokine 2015; 75:280-90. [PMID: 26194067 PMCID: PMC4553099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cytokines and chemokines produced by immunocompetent cells influence local as well as systemic inflammation and are therefore critical contributors to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Hence, cytokines that modulate inflammatory responses are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of the metabolic consequences of obesity. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors are key mediators of innate inflammatory responses and exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. During the last decades, mechanistic insights into how the IL-1 family affects the initiation and progression of obesity-induced insulin resistance have increased significantly. Here, we review the current knowledge and understanding, with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of individual members of the IL-1 family of cytokines for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov B Ballak
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janna A van Diepen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Macrophages Contribute to the Progression of Infantile Hemangioma by Regulating the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hemangioma Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3163-3172. [PMID: 26288359 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration has been implicated in infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common tumor of infancy. However, the exact role of macrophages in IH remains unknown. This study aims to clarify the functional significance of macrophages in the progression of IH. The distribution of macrophages in human IH was analyzed, and our results revealed that polarized macrophages were more prevalent in proliferating IHs than in involuting IHs, which was consistent with the increased macrophage-related cytokines in proliferating IHs. In vitro results further demonstrated that polarized macrophages effectively promoted the proliferation of hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) and suppressed their adipogenesis in an Akt- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2)-dependent manner. Moreover, M2- but not M1-polarized macrophages promoted the endothelial differentiation of HemSCs. Furthermore, mixing macrophages in a murine hemangioma model elevated microvessel density and postponed fat tissue formation, which was concomitant with the activation of Akt and Erk1/2 signals. Cluster analysis revealed a close correlation among the macrophage markers, Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-Akt, and p-Erk1/2 in human IH tissues. Collectively, our results suggest that macrophages in IH contribute to tumor progression by promoting the proliferation and endothelial differentiation while suppressing the adipogenesis of HemSCs. These findings indicate that targeting the infiltrating macrophages in IH is a promising therapeutic approach to accelerate IH regression.
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Bing C. Is interleukin-1β a culprit in macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in obesity? Adipocyte 2015; 4:149-52. [PMID: 26167419 PMCID: PMC4496963 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.979661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue remodeling occurs in obesity, characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and increased infiltration of macrophages which also shift to a proinflammatory phenotype. Factors derived from these macrophages significantly alter adipocyte function, such as repressing adipogenesis, inducing inflammatory response and desensitizing insulin action. As macrophages produce a cocktail of inflammatory signals, identifying the key factors that mediate the detrimental effects may offer effective therapeutic targets. IL-1β, a major cytokine produced largely by macrophages, is implicated in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. In this article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of IL-1β in macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in obesity. IL-1β impairs insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue by inhibition of insulin signal transduction. Blocking the activity of IL-1β, its receptor binding or production improves insulin signaling and action in human adipocytes. This is in parallel with a reduction in macrophage-stimulated proinflammatory profile and lipolysis. Targeting IL-1β may be beneficial for protecting against obesity-related insulin resistance at the tissue and systemic levels.
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Key Words
- Akt, protein kinase B
- CCL5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5
- GLUT4, glucose transporter 4
- IL-1Ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- MC, macrophage-conditioned
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- NFκB, nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- NLRP3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- TNFα, tumour necrosis factor-alpha
- adipocyte
- adipose tissue
- chemokine
- cytokine
- domain-containing protein 3
- inflammation
- insulin resistance
- interleukin-1β
- leucine-rich repeat and pyrin
- macrophage
- obesity
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Role of IL-38 and its related cytokines in inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:807976. [PMID: 25873772 PMCID: PMC4383490 DOI: 10.1155/2015/807976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin- (IL-) 38 is a recently discovered cytokine and is the tenth member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-38 shares structural features with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-36Ra. IL-36R is the specific receptor of IL-38, a partial receptor antagonist of IL-36. IL-38 inhibits the production of T-cell cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. IL-38 also inhibits the production of IL-8 induced by IL-36γ, thus inhibiting inflammatory responses. IL-38-related cytokines, including IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra, are involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses. The study of IL-38 and IL-38-related cytokines might provide new insights for developing anti-inflammatory treatments in the near future.
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Gabay C, Towne JE. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines in homeostasis and pathological conditions. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:645-52. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ri1014-495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, Tan YS, Aupperlee MD, Langohr IM, Kirk EL, Troester MA, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ. Pubertal high fat diet: effects on mammary cancer development. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R100. [PMID: 24156623 PMCID: PMC3978633 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies linking dietary fat intake and obesity to breast cancer risk have produced inconsistent results. This may be due to the difficulty of dissociating fat intake from obesity, and/or the lack of defined periods of exposure in these studies. The pubertal mammary gland is highly sensitive to cancer-causing agents. We assessed how high fat diet (HFD) affects inflammation, proliferative, and developmental events in the pubertal gland, since dysregulation of these can promote mammary tumorigenesis. To test the effect of HFD initiated during puberty on tumorigenesis, we utilized BALB/c mice, for which HFD neither induces obesity nor metabolic syndrome, allowing dissociation of HFD effects from other conditions associated with HFD. METHODS Pubertal BALB/c mice were fed a low fat diet (12% kcal fat) or a HFD (60% kcal fat), and subjected to carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumorigenesis. RESULTS HFD elevated mammary gland expression of inflammatory and growth factor genes at 3 and 4 weeks of diet. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), robustly induced at 4 weeks, has direct mitogenic activity in mammary epithelial cells and, as a potent inducer of NF-κB activity, may induce inflammatory genes. Three weeks of HFD induced a transient influx of eosinophils into the mammary gland, consistent with elevated inflammatory factors. At 10 weeks, prior to the appearance of palpable tumors, there were increased numbers of abnormal mammary epithelial lesions, enhanced cellular proliferation, increased growth factors, chemokines associated with immune-suppressive regulatory T cells, increased vascularization, and elevated M2 macrophages. HFD dramatically reduced tumor latency. Early developing tumors were more proliferative and were associated with increased levels of tumor-related growth factors, including increased plasma levels of HGF in tumor-bearing animals. Early HFD tumors also had increased vascularization, and more intra-tumor and stromal M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Taken together in this non-obesogenic context, HFD promotion of inflammatory processes, as well as local and systemically increased growth factor expression, are likely responsible for the enhanced tumorigenesis. It is noteworthy that although DMBA mutagenesis is virtually random in its targeting of genes in tumorigenesis, the short latency tumors arising in animals on HFD showed a unique gene expression profile, highlighting the potent overarching influence of HFD.
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Wang Z, Lee Y, Eun JS, Bae EJ. Inhibition of adipocyte inflammation and macrophage chemotaxis by butein. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Nackiewicz D, Dan M, He W, Kim R, Salmi A, Rütti S, Westwell-Roper C, Cunningham A, Speck M, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola B, Maedler K, Ehses JA. TLR2/6 and TLR4-activated macrophages contribute to islet inflammation and impair beta cell insulin gene expression via IL-1 and IL-6. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1645-54. [PMID: 24816367 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation contributes to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4 ligands are increased systemically in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, and TLR2- and TLR4-deficient mice are protected from the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet. Here we investigated the role of macrophages in TLR2/6- and TLR4-mediated effects on islet inflammation and beta cell function. METHODS Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to determine the effects of TLR2/6 and TLR4 ligands on mouse islets, human islets and purified rat beta cells. Islet macrophages were depleted and sorted by flow cytometry and the effects of TLR2/6- and TLR4-activated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) on beta cell function were assessed. RESULTS Macrophages contributed to TLR2/6- and TLR4-induced islet Il1a/IL1A and Il1b/IL1B mRNA expression in mouse and human islets and IL-1β secretion from human islets. TLR2/6 and TLR4 ligands also reduced insulin gene expression; however, this occurred in a non-beta cell autonomous manner. TLR2/6- and TLR4-activated BMDMs reduced beta cell insulin secretion partly via reducing Ins1, Ins2, and Pdx1 mRNA expression. Antagonism of the IL-1 receptor and neutralisation of IL-6 completely reversed the effects of activated macrophages on beta cell gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that islet macrophages are major contributors to islet IL-1β secretion in response to TLR2/6 and TLR4 ligands. BMDMs stimulated with TLR2/6 and TLR4 ligands reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, partly via IL-1β- and IL-6-mediated decreased insulin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nackiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
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Anakinra treatment in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 34:981-4. [PMID: 24733251 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report three Caucasian patients affected by gout and type 2 diabetes, who were treated with the recombinant nonglycosylated human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (100 mg/day subcutaneously) after an unsatisfactory or incomplete response to urate-lowering therapy, colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and prednisone. The remarkable clinical improvement in joint symptoms within 24 h and in glycemic control during a 6-month period gives anakinra a potential therapeutic role in the management of gout and type 2 diabetes. When anakinra was discontinued, a gout attack occurred within 3-25 days in all three patients. The contribution of anakinra in the treatment of such syndromes is encouraging, but requires further studies to establish its long-term efficacy.
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25
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Guaraná, a supplement rich in caffeine and catechin, modulates cytokines: evidence from human in vitro and in vivo protocols. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li X, Yang S, Tang Z, Li K, Rothschild MF, Liu B, Fan B. Genome-wide scans to detect positive selection in Large White and Tongcheng pigs. Anim Genet 2014; 45:329-39. [PMID: 24506146 DOI: 10.1111/age.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the direction, intensity, duration and consistency of genetic selection, especially recent artificial selection, the production performance of domestic pigs has been greatly changed. Therefore, we reasoned that there must be footprints or selection signatures that had been left during domestication. In this study, with porcine 60K BeadChip genotyping data from both commercial Large White and local Chinese Tongcheng pigs, we calculated the extended haplotype homozygosity values of the two breeds using the long-range haplotype method to detect selection signatures. We found 34 candidate regions, including 61 known genes, from Large White pigs and 25 regions comprising 57 known genes from Tongcheng pigs. Many selection signatures were found on SSC1, SSC4, SSC7 and SSC14 regions in both populations. According to quantitative trait loci and network pathway analyses, most of the regions and genes were linked to growth, reproduction and immune responses. In addition, the average genetic differentiation coefficient FST was 0.254, which means that there had already been a significant differentiation between the breeds. The findings from this study can contribute to further research on molecular mechanisms of pig evolution and domestication and also provide valuable references for improvement of their breeding and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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28
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Towne JE, Sims JE. IL-36 in psoriasis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:486-90. [PMID: 22398321 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common but severe skin disease with significant health consequences, both physical and psychological. Evidence has emerged during the past several years pointing to a key role for IL-36 in psoriasis. Overexpression of IL-36 in mouse skin leads to a disease quite similar to human plaque psoriasis, and inhibition of IL-36 in human psoriatic skin ameliorates the inflammation. Loss of the natural antagonist of IL-36, IL-36Ra, results in a different, more severe skin disease known as pustular psoriasis. These effects are likely a consequence of the actions of IL-36 both on cells of the immune system as well as on components of skin including fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Towne
- Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, United States
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29
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van de Veerdonk FL, Stoeckman AK, Wu G, Boeckermann AN, Azam T, Netea MG, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Hao R, Kalabokis V, Dinarello CA. IL-38 binds to the IL-36 receptor and has biological effects on immune cells similar to IL-36 receptor antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3001-5. [PMID: 22315422 PMCID: PMC3286950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121534109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional role of IL-1 family member 10, recently renamed IL-38, remains unknown. In the present study we aimed to elucidate the biological function of IL-38 and to identify its receptor. Heat-killed Candida albicans was used to stimulate memory T-lymphocyte cytokine production in freshly obtained human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects. The addition of recombinant IL-38 (152 amino acids) inhibited the production of T-cell cytokines IL-22 (37% decrease) and IL-17 (39% decrease). The reduction in IL-22 and IL-17 caused by IL-38 was similar to that caused by the naturally occurring IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) in the same peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures. IL-8 production induced by IL-36γ was reduced by IL-38 (42% decrease) and also was reduced by IL-36Ra (73% decrease). When human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells were used, IL-38 as well as IL-36Ra increased LPS-induced IL-6 by twofold. We screened immobilized extracellular domains of each member of the IL-1 receptor family, including the IL-36 receptor (also known as "IL-1 receptor-related protein 2") and observed that IL-38 bound only to the IL-36 receptor, as did IL-36Ra. The dose-response suppression of IL-38 as well as that of IL-36Ra of Candida-induced IL-22 and IL-17 was not that of the classic IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), because low concentrations were optimal for inhibiting IL-22 production, whereas higher concentrations modestly increased IL-22. These data provide evidence that IL-38 binds to the IL-36R, as does IL-36Ra, and that IL-38 and IL-36Ra have similar biological effects on immune cells by engaging the IL-36 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Gouping Wu
- R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55413
| | | | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jos W. M. van der Meer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ruyi Hao
- R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55413
| | | | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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Abstract
More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors is primarily associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The cytosolic segment of each IL-1 receptor family member contains the Toll-IL-1-receptor domain. This domain is also present in each Toll-like receptor, the receptors that respond to microbial products and viruses. Since Toll-IL-1-receptor domains are functional for both receptor families, responses to the IL-1 family are fundamental to innate immunity. Of the 11 members of the IL-1 family, IL-1β has emerged as a therapeutic target for an expanding number of systemic and local inflammatory conditions called autoinflammatory diseases. For these, neutralization of IL-1β results in a rapid and sustained reduction in disease severity. Treatment for autoimmune diseases often includes immunosuppressive drugs whereas neutralization of IL-1β is mostly anti-inflammatory. Although some autoinflammatory diseases are due to gain-of-function mutations for caspase-1 activity, common diseases such as gout, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, recurrent pericarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and smoldering myeloma also are responsive to IL-1β neutralization. This review summarizes acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that are treated by reducing IL-1β activity and proposes that disease severity is affected by the anti-inflammatory members of the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors.
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Abstract
An expanding spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases is considered 'autoinflammatory' diseases. This review considers autoinflammatory diseases as being distinct from 'autoimmune' diseases. Autoimmune diseases are associated with dysfunctional T cells and treated with 'biologicals', including antitumour necrosis factorα, CTLA-Ig, anti-IL-12/23, anti-CD20, anti-IL-17 and anti-IL-6 receptor. In contrast, autoinflammatory diseases are uniquely attributed to a dysfunctional monocyte caspase 1 activity and secretion of IL-1β; indeed, blocking IL-1β results in a rapid and sustained reduction in the severity of most autoinflammatory diseases. Flares of gout, type 2 diabetes, heart failure and smouldering multiple myeloma are examples of seemingly unrelated diseases, which are uniquely responsive to IL 1β neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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