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Lebacle C, Pooli A, Shuch B, Rao N, Chamie K, Kroeger N, Faiena I, Liu S, Wood EL, Belldegrun A, Drakaki A, Pantuck AJ. Gain of Chromosome 5q Predicts a Favorable Prognosis in Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:97-103. [PMID: 38314786 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2308172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 65% of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are diagnosed at a localized stage. We investigated the chromosome 5q gain impact on disease-free survival (DFS) in RCC patients. Overall, 676 patients with stages 1-2 RCC and having cytogenetic analysis were included. Gain of 5q was observed in 108 patients, more frequently in clear cell (ccRCC) than non-clear cell tumors. Gain of 5q is likely an independent prognostic factor since the concerned patients had a decreased recurrence risk in stages 1-2 RCC, confirmed in multivariable analysis. Detecting 5q gain could enhance recurrence risk assessment, allowing tailored post-surgery surveillance, and reducing unnecessary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Lebacle
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bicetre, APHP, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - Aydin Pooli
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Shuch
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nagesh Rao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karim Chamie
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nils Kroeger
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Izak Faiena
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erika L Wood
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arie Belldegrun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Allan J Pantuck
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology (IUO), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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An C, Xue F, Sun L, Han H, Zhang Y, Hu Y. The impact of erythroblast enucleation efficiency on the severity of anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:332. [PMID: 37986081 PMCID: PMC10658927 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is the most common manifestation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, but the cause of ineffective hematopoiesis is not fully understood. Enucleation is an important event in the maturation process of erythroblasts. According to a series of morphological phenotypes of the pathological development of MDS erythroblasts, we speculate that there may be enucleation disorders. To verify this hypothesis, we cultured MDS bone marrow CD34+ cells in vitro and induced erythroblast development. The results showed that erythroblast enucleation in MDS was significantly lower than that in the normal group, and the rate of enucleation was positively correlated with hemoglobin concentration. Risk stratification of MDS was performed to further analyze the differences in enucleation among the normal group, low-middle risk group and high-risk group. The results showed that the enucleation rate of the high risk group was higher than that of the low-middle risk group but still lower than that of the normal group. Moreover, the expression of pERK and pAKT in MDS erythroblasts in the high risk group was higher than that in the normal group, while the expression of pERK and pAKT in the low-middle risk group was lower than that in the normal group. Furthermore, the enucleation of MDS was positively correlated with the phosphorylation degree of ERK and AKT. In conclusion, this study reveals that the enucleation of erythroblasts is one of the possible causes of anemia in MDS. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China.
| | - Fumin Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China.
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3
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Gray ZH, Chakraborty D, Duttweiler RR, Alekbaeva GD, Murphy SE, Chetal K, Ji F, Ferman BI, Honer MA, Wang Z, Myers C, Sun R, Kaniskan HÜ, Toma MM, Bondarenko EA, Santoro JN, Miranda C, Dillingham ME, Tang R, Gozani O, Jin J, Skorski T, Duy C, Lee H, Sadreyev RI, Whetstine JR. Epigenetic balance ensures mechanistic control of MLL amplification and rearrangement. Cell 2023; 186:4528-4545.e18. [PMID: 37788669 PMCID: PMC10591855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
MLL/KMT2A amplifications and translocations are prevalent in infant, adult, and therapy-induced leukemia. However, the molecular contributor(s) to these alterations are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methylation (H3K9me1/2) balance at the MLL/KMT2A locus regulates these amplifications and rearrangements. This balance is controlled by the crosstalk between lysine demethylase KDM3B and methyltransferase G9a/EHMT2. KDM3B depletion increases H3K9me1/2 levels and reduces CTCF occupancy at the MLL/KMT2A locus, in turn promoting amplification and rearrangements. Depleting CTCF is also sufficient to generate these focal alterations. Furthermore, the chemotherapy doxorubicin (Dox), which associates with therapy-induced leukemia and promotes MLL/KMT2A amplifications and rearrangements, suppresses KDM3B and CTCF protein levels. KDM3B and CTCF overexpression rescues Dox-induced MLL/KMT2A alterations. G9a inhibition in human cells or mice also suppresses MLL/KMT2A events accompanying Dox treatment. Therefore, MLL/KMT2A amplifications and rearrangements are controlled by epigenetic regulators that are tractable drug targets, which has clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach H Gray
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Damayanti Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Reuben R Duttweiler
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gulnaz D Alekbaeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sedona E Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin I Ferman
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Madison A Honer
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Zhentian Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cynthia Myers
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Renhong Sun
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Monika Maria Toma
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, MRB 548, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Elena A Bondarenko
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - John N Santoro
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Christopher Miranda
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Megan E Dillingham
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000 Harbin, China
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, MRB 548, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cihangir Duy
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Hayan Lee
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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4
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Homozygous Autosomal Recessive DIAPH1 Mutation Associated with Central Nervous System Involvement and Aspergillosis: A Rare Case. Case Rep Genet 2022; 2022:4142214. [PMID: 36212620 PMCID: PMC9537009 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4142214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DIAPH1 gene fulfills critical immune and neurodevelopmental roles. It encodes the mammalian Diaphanous-related formin (mDia1) protein, which acts downstream of Rho GTPases to promote F-actin polymerization and stabilize microtubules. During mitosis, this protein is expressed in human neuronal precursor cells and considerably affects spindle formation and cell division. In humans, dominant gain-of-function DIAPH1 variants cause sensorineural deafness and macrothrombocytopenia (DFNA1), while homozygous DIAPH1 loss leads to seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS). To date, only 16 patients with SCBMS have been reported, none of whom were from Iran. Furthermore, aspergillosis is yet to be reported in patients with homozygous DIAPH1 loss, and the link between SCBMS and immunodeficiency remains elusive. In this study, we shed further light on this matter by reporting the clinical, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of an Iranian boy with a long history of recurrent infections, diagnosed with SCBMS and immunodeficiency (NM_005219.5 c.3145C > T; p.R1049X variant) following aspergillosis and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection.
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5
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Mei Y, Ren K, Liu Y, Ma A, Xia Z, Han X, Li E, Tariq H, Bao H, Xie X, Zou C, Zhang D, Li Z, Dong L, Verma A, Lu X, Abaza Y, Altman JK, Sukhanova M, Yang J, Ji P. Bone marrow confined IL-6 signaling mediates the progression of myelodysplastic syndromes to acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152673. [PMID: 35900794 PMCID: PMC9435651 DOI: 10.1172/jci152673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are age-related myeloid neoplasms with increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mechanisms of transformation of MDS to AML are poorly understood, especially in relation to the aging microenvironment. We previously established an mDia1/miR-146a double knockout (DKO) mouse model phenocopying MDS. These mice develop age-related pancytopenia with oversecretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we found that most of the DKO mice underwent leukemic transformation at 12–14 months of age. These mice showed myeloblast replacement of fibrotic bone marrow and widespread leukemic infiltration. Strikingly, depletion of IL-6 in these mice largely rescued the leukemic transformation and markedly extended survival. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that DKO leukemic mice had increased monocytic blasts that were reduced with IL-6 knockout. We further revealed that the levels of surface and soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) in the bone marrow were significantly increased in high-risk MDS patients. Similarly, IL-6R was also highly expressed in older DKO mice. Blocking of IL-6 signaling significantly ameliorated AML progression in the DKO model and clonogenicity of CD34-positive cells from MDS patients. Our study establishes a mouse model of progression of age-related MDS to AML and indicates the clinical significance of targeting IL-6 signaling in treating high-risk MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Annabel Ma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Zongjun Xia
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Hamza Tariq
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Bao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Xinshu Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Lili Dong
- Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Yasmin Abaza
- Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Jessica K Altman
- Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Jing Yang
- Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Peng Ji
- Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
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6
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Cytogenetic and Genetic Abnormalities with Diagnostic Value in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Focus on the Pre-Messenger RNA Splicing Process. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071658. [PMID: 35885562 PMCID: PMC9320363 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are considered to be diseases associated with splicing defects. A large number of genes involved in the pre-messenger RNA splicing process are mutated in MDS. Deletion of 5q and 7q are of diagnostic value, and those chromosome regions bear the numbers of splicing genes potentially deleted in del(5q) and del(7q)/-7 MDS. In this review, we present the splicing genes already known or suspected to be implicated in MDS pathogenesis. First, we focus on the splicing genes located on chromosome 5 (HNRNPA0, RBM27, RBM22, SLU7, DDX41), chromosome 7 (LUC7L2), and on the SF3B1 gene since both chromosome aberrations and the SF3B1 mutation are the only genetic abnormalities in splicing genes with clear diagnostic values. Then, we present and discuss other splicing genes that are showing a prognostic interest (SRSF2, U2AF1, ZRSR2, U2AF2, and PRPF8). Finally, we discuss the haploinsufficiency of splicing genes, especially from chromosomes 5 and 7, the important amplifier process of splicing defects, and the cumulative and synergistic effect of splicing genes defects in the MDS pathogenesis. At the time, when many authors suggest including the sequencing of some splicing genes to improve the diagnosis and the prognosis of MDS, a better understanding of these cooperative defects is needed.
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Uddin S, Singh A, Mishra V, Agrawal N, Gooi Z, Izumchenko E. Molecular drivers of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients: what do we know so far? Oncol Rev 2022; 16:549. [PMID: 35340886 PMCID: PMC8941340 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2022.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide. It is well known that risk factors for OCSCC include tobacco and excess alcohol consumption. However, in recent years, OCSCC incidence has been increasing in patients without these traditional risk factors. The cause of this increase is unclear and various genetic, environmental, and infectious factors have been hypothesized to play a role. Additionally, there are expert opinions that oral cancer in non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) patients have a distinct phenotype resulting in more aggressive disease presentation and poorer prognosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge for oral cavity cancer in patients without traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Vasudha Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, USA
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8
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Herbig M, Jacobi A, Wobus M, Weidner H, Mies A, Kräter M, Otto O, Thiede C, Weickert MT, Götze KS, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Bornhäuser M, Guck J, Ader M, Platzbecker U, Balaian E. Machine learning assisted real-time deformability cytometry of CD34+ cells allows to identify patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:870. [PMID: 35042906 PMCID: PMC8766444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) mainly relies on a manual assessment of the peripheral blood and bone marrow cell morphology. The WHO guidelines suggest a visual screening of 200 to 500 cells which inevitably turns the assessor blind to rare cell populations and leads to low reproducibility. Moreover, the human eye is not suited to detect shifts of cellular properties of entire populations. Hence, quantitative image analysis could improve the accuracy and reproducibility of MDS diagnosis. We used real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC) to measure bone marrow biopsy samples of MDS patients and age-matched healthy individuals. RT-DC is a high-throughput (1000 cells/s) imaging flow cytometer capable of recording morphological and mechanical properties of single cells. Properties of single cells were quantified using automated image analysis, and machine learning was employed to discover morpho-mechanical patterns in thousands of individual cells that allow to distinguish healthy vs. MDS samples. We found that distribution properties of cell sizes differ between healthy and MDS, with MDS showing a narrower distribution of cell sizes. Furthermore, we found a strong correlation between the mechanical properties of cells and the number of disease-determining mutations, inaccessible with current diagnostic approaches. Hence, machine-learning assisted RT-DC could be a promising tool to automate sample analysis to assist experts during diagnosis or provide a scalable solution for MDS diagnosis to regions lacking sufficient medical experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Jacobi
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Weidner
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Mies
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen in Kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theresa Weickert
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina S Götze
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Balaian
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Kaustio M, Nayebzadeh N, Hinttala R, Tapiainen T, Åström P, Mamia K, Pernaa N, Lehtonen J, Glumoff V, Rahikkala E, Honkila M, Olsén P, Hassinen A, Polso M, Al Sukaiti N, Al Shekaili J, Al Kindi M, Al Hashmi N, Almusa H, Bulanova D, Haapaniemi E, Chen P, Suo-Palosaari M, Vieira P, Tuominen H, Kokkonen H, Al Macki N, Al Habsi H, Löppönen T, Rantala H, Pietiäinen V, Zhang SY, Renko M, Hautala T, Al Farsi T, Uusimaa J, Saarela J. Loss of DIAPH1 causes SCBMS, combined immunodeficiency, and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:599-611. [PMID: 33662367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous loss of DIAPH1 results in seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS). We studied 5 Finnish and 2 Omani patients with loss of DIAPH1 presenting with SCBMS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immunodeficiency. OBJECTIVE We sought to further characterize phenotypes and disease mechanisms associated with loss of DIAPH1. METHODS Exome sequencing, genotyping and haplotype analysis, B- and T-cell phenotyping, in vitro lymphocyte stimulation assays, analyses of mitochondrial function, immunofluorescence staining for cytoskeletal proteins and mitochondria, and CRISPR-Cas9 DIAPH1 knockout in heathy donor PBMCs were used. RESULTS Genetic analyses found all Finnish patients homozygous for a rare DIAPH1 splice-variant (NM_005219:c.684+1G>A) enriched in the Finnish population, and Omani patients homozygous for a previously described pathogenic DIAPH1 frameshift-variant (NM_005219:c.2769delT;p.F923fs). In addition to microcephaly, epilepsy, and cortical blindness characteristic to SCBMS, the patients presented with infection susceptibility due to defective lymphocyte maturation and 3 patients developed B-cell lymphoma. Patients' immunophenotype was characterized by poor lymphocyte activation and proliferation, defective B-cell maturation, and lack of naive T cells. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of DIAPH1 in PBMCs from healthy donors replicated the T-cell activation defect. Patient-derived peripheral blood T cells exhibited impaired adhesion and inefficient microtubule-organizing center repositioning to the immunologic synapse. The clinical symptoms and laboratory tests also suggested mitochondrial dysfunction. Experiments with immortalized, patient-derived fibroblasts indicated that DIAPH1 affects the amount of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that individuals with SCBMS can have combined immune deficiency and implicate defective cytoskeletal organization and mitochondrial dysfunction in SCBMS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Kaustio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naemeh Nayebzadeh
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Åström
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katariina Mamia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Pernaa
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Lehtonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Glumoff
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Honkila
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Olsén
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minttu Polso
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nashat Al Sukaiti
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jalila Al Shekaili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmood Al Kindi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nadia Al Hashmi
- Department of Clinical and Biochemical Genetics, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Henrikki Almusa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daria Bulanova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Haapaniemi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pu Chen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Suo-Palosaari
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Vieira
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Tuominen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannaleena Kokkonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nabil Al Macki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Al Habsi
- Department of General Pediatrics, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tuija Löppönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Marjo Renko
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Hautala
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tariq Al Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Li W, Li M, Yang X, Zhang W, Cao L, Gao R. Summary of animal models of myelodysplastic syndrome. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:71-76. [PMID: 33738439 PMCID: PMC7954832 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignant tumor of the hematological system characterized by long-term, progressive refractory hemocytopenia. In addition, the risk of leukemia is high, and once it develops, the course of acute leukemia is short with poor curative effect. Animal models are powerful tools for studying human diseases and are highly effective preclinical platforms. Animal models of MDS can accurately show genetic aberrations and hematopoietic clone phenotypes with similar cellular features (such as impaired differentiation and increased apoptosis), and symptoms can be used to assess existing treatments. Animal models are also helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of MDS and its relationship with acute leukemia, which helps with the identification of candidate genes related to the MDS phenotype. This review summarizes the current status of animal models used to research myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisha Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingChina
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Mengyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingChina
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingChina
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingChina
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Lin Cao
- Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ran Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)BeijingChina
- Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
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11
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Liu Y, Mei Y, Han X, Korobova FV, Prado MA, Yang J, Peng Z, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Finley D, Ji P. Membrane skeleton modulates erythroid proteome remodeling and organelle clearance. Blood 2021; 137:398-409. [PMID: 33036023 PMCID: PMC7819763 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The final stages of mammalian erythropoiesis involve enucleation, membrane and proteome remodeling, and organelle clearance. Concomitantly, the erythroid membrane skeleton establishes a unique pseudohexagonal spectrin meshwork that is connected to the membrane through junctional complexes. The mechanism and signaling pathways involved in the coordination of these processes are unclear. The results of our study revealed an unexpected role of the membrane skeleton in the modulation of proteome remodeling and organelle clearance during the final stages of erythropoiesis. We found that diaphanous-related formin mDia2 is a master regulator of the integrity of the membrane skeleton through polymerization of actin protofilament in the junctional complex. The mDia2-deficient terminal erythroid cell contained a disorganized and rigid membrane skeleton that was ineffective in detaching the extruded nucleus. In addition, the disrupted skeleton failed to activate the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) complex, which led to a global defect in proteome remodeling, endolysosomal trafficking, and autophagic organelle clearance. Chmp5, a component of the ESCRT-III complex, is regulated by mDia2-dependent activation of the serum response factor and is essential for membrane remodeling and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Mice with loss of Chmp5 in hematopoietic cells in vivo resembled the phenotypes in mDia2-knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of Chmp5 in mDia2-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells significantly restored terminal erythropoiesis in vivo. These findings reveal a formin-regulated signaling pathway that connects the membrane skeleton to proteome remodeling, enucleation, and organelle clearance during terminal erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Farida V Korobova
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
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12
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Biological characteristics of aging in human acute myeloid leukemia cells: the possible importance of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the cytoskeleton and altered transcriptional regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24734-24777. [PMID: 33349623 PMCID: PMC7803495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a median age of 65-70 years at diagnosis. Elderly patients have more chemoresistant disease, and this is partly due to decreased frequencies of favorable and increased frequencies of adverse genetic abnormalities. However, aging-dependent differences may also contribute. We therefore compared AML cell proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles for (i) elderly low-risk and younger low-risk patients with favorable genetic abnormalities; and (ii) high-risk patients with adverse genetic abnormalities and a higher median age against all low-risk patients with lower median age. Elderly low-risk and younger low-risk patients showed mainly phosphoproteomic differences especially involving transcriptional regulators and cytoskeleton. When comparing high-risk and low-risk patients both proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies showed differences involving cytoskeleton and immunoregulation but also transcriptional regulation and cell division. The age-associated prognostic impact of cyclin-dependent kinases was dependent on the cellular context. The protein level of the adverse prognostic biomarker mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) showed a similar significant upregulation both in elderly low-risk and elderly high-risk patients. Our results suggest that molecular mechanisms associated with cellular aging influence chemoresistance of AML cells, and especially the cytoskeleton function may then influence cellular hallmarks of aging, e.g. mitosis, polarity, intracellular transport and adhesion.
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13
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Diaphanous-related formin mDia2 regulates beta2 integrins to control hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell engraftment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3172. [PMID: 32576838 PMCID: PMC7311390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow engraftment of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) involves homing to the vasculatures and lodgment to their niches. How HSPCs transmigrate from the vasculature to the niches is unclear. Here, we show that loss of diaphanous-related formin mDia2 leads to impaired engraftment of long-term hematopoietic stem cells and loss of competitive HSPC repopulation. These defects are likely due to the compromised trans-endothelial migration of HSPCs since their homing to the bone marrow vasculatures remained intact. Mechanistically, loss of mDia2 disrupts HSPC polarization and induced cytoplasmic accumulation of MAL, which deregulates the activity of serum response factor (SRF). We further reveal that beta2 integrins are transcriptional targets of SRF. Knockout of beta2 integrins in HSPCs phenocopies mDia2 deficient mice. Overexpression of SRF or beta2 integrins rescues HSPC engraftment defects associated with mDia2 deficiency. Our findings show that mDia2-SRF-beta2 integrin signaling is critical for HSPC lodgment to the niches. Bone marrow engraftment of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) requires homing and lodgement to the niche. Here, the authors show that mDia2 is required for HSPC polarization, nuclear MAL, and SRF-induced beta2 integrin expression during transendothelial migration of HSPCs required for engraftment.
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14
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Ohira T, Kojima H, Kuroda Y, Aoki S, Inaoka D, Osaki M, Wanibuchi H, Okada F, Oshimura M, Kugoh H. PITX1 protein interacts with ZCCHC10 to regulate hTERT mRNA transcription. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217605. [PMID: 31404068 PMCID: PMC6690549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein ribonucleic enzyme that is essential for cellular immortalization via elongation of telomere repeat sequences at the end of chromosomes. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is a key regulator of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity, which has been detected in the majority of cancer cells, is accompanied by hTERT expression, suggesting that this enzyme activity contributes to an unlimited replication potential of cancer cells via regulation of telomere length. Thus, hTERT is an attractive target for cancer-specific treatments. We previously reported that pared-like homeodomain 1 (PITX1) is a negative regulator of hTERT through direct binding to the hTERT promoter. However, the mechanism by which the function of PITX1 contributes to transcriptional silencing of the hTERT gene remains to be clarified. Here, we show that PITX1 and zinc finger CCHC-type containing 10 (ZCCHC10) proteins cooperate to facilitate the transcriptional regulation of the hTERT gene by functional studies via FLAG pull-down assay. Co-expression of PITX1 and ZCCHC10 resulted in inhibition of hTERT transcription, in melanoma cell lines, whereas mutate-deletion of homeodomain in PITX1 that interact with ZCCHC10 did not induce similar phenotypes. In addition, ZCCHC10 expression levels showed marked decrease in the majority of melanoma cell lines and tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that ZCCHC10-PITX1 complex is the functional unit that suppresses hTERT transcription, and may play a crucial role as a novel tumor suppressor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Ohira
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hirotada Kojima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kuroda
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Sayaka Aoki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Daigo Inaoka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kugoh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ribezzo F, Snoeren IAM, Ziegler S, Stoelben J, Olofsen PA, Henic A, Ferreira MV, Chen S, Stalmann USA, Buesche G, Hoogenboezem RM, Kramann R, Platzbecker U, Raaijmakers MHGP, Ebert BL, Schneider RK. Rps14, Csnk1a1 and miRNA145/miRNA146a deficiency cooperate in the clinical phenotype and activation of the innate immune system in the 5q- syndrome. Leukemia 2019; 33:1759-1772. [PMID: 30651631 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RPS14, CSNK1A1, and miR-145 are universally co-deleted in the 5q- syndrome, but mouse models of each gene deficiency recapitulate only a subset of the composite clinical features. We analyzed the combinatorial effect of haploinsufficiency for Rps14, Csnk1a1, and miRNA-145, using mice with genetically engineered, conditional heterozygous inactivation of Rps14 and Csnk1a1 and stable knockdown of miR-145/miR-146a. Combined Rps14/Csnk1a1/miR-145/146a deficiency recapitulated the cardinal features of the 5q- syndrome, including (1) more severe anemia with faster kinetics than Rps14 haploinsufficiency alone and (2) pathognomonic megakaryocyte morphology. Macrophages, regulatory cells of erythropoiesis and the innate immune response, were significantly increased in Rps14/Csnk1a1/miR-145/146a deficient mice as well as in 5q- syndrome patient bone marrows and showed activation of the innate immune response, reflected by increased expression of S100A8, and decreased phagocytic function. We demonstrate that Rps14/Csnk1a1/miR-145 and miR-146a deficient macrophages alter the microenvironment and induce S100A8 expression in the mesenchymal stem cell niche. The increased S100A8 expression in the mesenchymal niche was confirmed in 5q- syndrome patients. These data indicate that intrinsic defects of the 5q- syndrome hematopoietic stem cell directly alter the surrounding microenvironment, which in turn affects hematopoiesis as an extrinsic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ribezzo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inge A M Snoeren
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacques Stoelben
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia A Olofsen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almira Henic
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ursula S A Stalmann
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guntram Buesche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Remco M Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Tumor suppression by the EGR1, DMP1, ARF, p53, and PTEN Network. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:520-536. [PMID: 30396285 PMCID: PMC6500763 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1533965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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17
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Yeh CC, Chang CJ, Twu YC, Hung ST, Tsai YJ, Liao JC, Huang JT, Kao YH, Lin SW, Yu LC. The differential expression of the blood group P1
-A4GALT
and P2
-A4GALT
alleles is stimulated by the transcription factor early growth response 1. Transfusion 2018; 58:1054-1064. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Hung
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jui Tsai
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Liao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ji-Ting Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Kao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chih Yu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
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18
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Song Q, Peng M, Chu Y, Huang S. Techniques for detecting chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62716-62729. [PMID: 28977983 PMCID: PMC5617543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic diseases. Chromosomal aberrations are important for the initiation, development, and progression of MDS. Detection of chromosomal abnormalities in MDS is important for categorization, risk stratification, therapeutic selection, and prognosis evaluation of the disease. Recent progress of multiple techniques has brought powerful molecular cytogenetic information to reveal copy number variation, uniparental disomy, and complex chromosomal aberrations in MDS. In this review, we will introduce some common chromosomal aberrations in MDS and their clinical significance. Then we will explain the application, advantages, and limitations of different techniques for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in MDS. The information in this review may be helpful for clinicians to select appropriate methods in patient-related decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Peng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Chu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiang Huang
- Molecular department, Kindstar Global, Wuhan, China
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19
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Lian XY, Zhang ZH, Deng ZQ, He PF, Yao DM, Xu ZJ, Wen XM, Yang L, Lin J, Qian J. Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide for Treatment of Low-/Intermediate-1-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes with or without 5q Deletion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165948. [PMID: 27824902 PMCID: PMC5100926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lenalidomide could effectively induce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence (TI) in patients with lower-risk (Low/Intermediate-1) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with or without 5q deletion. However whether lenalidomide ultimately improves the overall survival (OS) of lower-risk MDS patients and reduces the progression to AML remains controversial. Method A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in the treatment of lower-risk MDS. Efficacy was assessed according to erythroid hematologic response (HI-E), cytogenetic response (CyR), OS and AML progression. Safety was evaluated based on the occurrence rates of grades 3–4 adverse events (AEs). Results Seventeen studies were included consisting of a total of 2160 patients. The analysis indicated that the overall rate of HI-E was 58% with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 43–74%. The pooled estimates for the rates of CyR, complete CyR, and partial CyR were 44% (95% CI 19–68%), 21% (95% CI 13–30%) and 23% (95% CI 15–32%), respectively. The patients with 5q deletion had significantly higher rate of HI-E and CyR than those without 5q deletion (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The incidences of grades 3–4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, deep vein thrombosis, diarrhea, fatigue and rash were 51% (95% CI 30–73%), 31% (95% CI 20–42%), 9% (95% CI 5–13%), 7% (95% CI 2–12%), 3% (95% CI 2–5%), 3% (95% CI 1–5%), 2% (95% CI 1–4%) and 2% (95% CI 1–3%), respectively. Lenalidomide significantly improved OS (HR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.47–0.83, P = 0.001) and lowered the risk of AML progression in del(5q) patients (RR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.41–0.91, P = 0.014). Conclusions In spite of the AEs, lenalidomide could be effectively and safely used for the treatment of lower-risk MDS patients with or without 5q deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yue Lian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin-fang He
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-ming Yao
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JQ); (JL)
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JQ); (JL)
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20
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Lin YN, Bhuwania R, Gromova K, Failla AV, Lange T, Riecken K, Linder S, Kneussel M, Izbicki JR, Windhorst S. Drosophila homologue of Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) controls the metastatic potential of colon cancer cells by regulating microtubule-dependent adhesion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18577-89. [PMID: 26124177 PMCID: PMC4621911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila homologue of Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) regulates actin polymerization and microtubule (MT) stabilization upon stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Recently, we showed strongly reduced lung metastasis of DIAPH1-depleted colon cancer cells but we found accumulations of DIAPH1-depleted cells in bone marrow. Here, we analyzed possible organ- or tissue-specific metastasis of DIAPH1-depleted HCT-116 cells. Our data confirmed that depletion of DIAPH1 strongly inhibited lung metastasis and revealed that, in contrast to control cells, DIAPH1-depleted cells did not form metastases in further organs. Detailed mechanistic analysis on cells that were not stimulated with LPA to activate the cytoskeleton-modulating activity of DIAPH1, revealed that even under basal conditions DIAPH1 was essential for cellular adhesion to collagen. In non-stimulated cells DIAPH1 did not control actin dynamics but, interestingly, was essential for stabilization of microtubules (MTs). Additionally, DIAPH1 controlled directed vesicle trafficking and with this, local clustering of the adhesion protein integrin-β1 at the plasma membrane. Therefore, we conclude that under non-stimulating conditions DIAPH1 controls cellular adhesion by stabilizing MTs required for local clustering of integrin-β1 at the plasma membrane. Thus, blockade of DIAPH1-tubulin interaction may be a promising approach to inhibit one of the earliest steps in the metastatic cascade of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Na Lin
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ridhirama Bhuwania
- Institute for Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kira Gromova
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Lange
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Guerenne L, Beurlet S, Said M, Gorombei P, Le Pogam C, Guidez F, de la Grange P, Omidvar N, Vanneaux V, Mills K, Mufti GJ, Sarda-Mantel L, Noguera ME, Pla M, Fenaux P, Padua RA, Chomienne C, Krief P. GEP analysis validates high risk MDS and acute myeloid leukemia post MDS mice models and highlights novel dysregulated pathways. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:5. [PMID: 26817437 PMCID: PMC4728810 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the recent discovery of genetic mutations in most myelodysplasic (MDS) patients, the pathophysiology of these disorders still remains poorly understood, and only few in vivo models are available to help unravel the disease. Methods We performed global specific gene expression profiling and functional pathway analysis in purified Sca1+ cells of two MDS transgenic mouse models that mimic human high-risk MDS (HR-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) post MDS, with NRASD12 and BCL2 transgenes under the control of different promoters MRP8NRASD12/tethBCL-2 or MRP8[NRASD12/hBCL-2], respectively. Results Analysis of dysregulated genes that were unique to the diseased HR-MDS and AML post MDS mice and not their founder mice pointed first to pathways that had previously been reported in MDS patients, including DNA replication/damage/repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, immune responses, and canonical Wnt pathways, further validating these models at the gene expression level. Interestingly, pathways not previously reported in MDS were discovered. These included dysregulated genes of noncanonical Wnt pathways and energy and lipid metabolisms. These dysregulated genes were not only confirmed in a different independent set of BM and spleen Sca1+ cells from the MDS mice but also in MDS CD34+ BM patient samples. Conclusions These two MDS models may thus provide useful preclinical models to target pathways previously identified in MDS patients and to unravel novel pathways highlighted by this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0235-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerenne
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France.
| | - Stéphanie Beurlet
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France.
| | - Mohamed Said
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Petra Gorombei
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France.
| | - Carole Le Pogam
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre de la Grange
- GenoSplice technology, iPEPS-ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Nader Omidvar
- Haematology Department, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Valérie Vanneaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Ken Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
| | - Maria Elena Noguera
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Marika Pla
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France. .,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département d'Expérimentation Animale, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Rose Ann Padua
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Christine Chomienne
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Krief
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR-S) 1131, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U) 1131, Paris, France.
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22
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H2AX deficiency is associated with erythroid dysplasia and compromised haematopoietic stem cell function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19589. [PMID: 26791933 PMCID: PMC4726203 DOI: 10.1038/srep19589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders of haematopoiesis characterised by dysplastic changes of major myeloid cell lines. However, the mechanisms underlying these dysplastic changes are poorly understood. Here, we used a genetically modified mouse model and human patient data to examine the physiological roles of H2AX in haematopoiesis and how the loss of H2AX contributes to dyserythropoiesis in MDS. H2AX knockout mice showed cell-autonomous anaemia and erythroid dysplasia, mimicking dyserythropoiesis in MDS. Also, dyserythropoiesis was increased in MDS patients with the deletion of chromosome 11q23, where H2AX is located. Although loss of H2AX did not affect the early stage of terminal erythropoiesis, enucleation was decreased. H2AX deficiency also led to the loss of quiescence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which dramatically compromised their bone marrow engraftment. These results reveal important roles of H2AX in late-stage terminal erythropoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell function.
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23
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Morotti A, Panuzzo C, Crivellaro S, Carrà G, Torti D, Guerrasio A, Saglio G. The Role of PTEN in Myeloid Malignancies. Hematol Rep 2015; 7:5844. [PMID: 26734127 PMCID: PMC4691678 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2015.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN deletion in the mouse and in the zebrafish highlights the essential role of this tumor suppressor in the development of myeloid malignancies, in particular acute myeloid leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders. In humans, extensive genetic sequences of myeloid malignancies did not reveal recurrent PTEN mutations and deletions. However, PTEN was shown to be functionally inactivated in several acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia samples, through both post-trasductional modifications, changes in protein levels and cellular compartmentalization. Notably, non genomic inactivation of PTEN in myeloid malignancies could represent a challenging therapeutic opportunity for these diseases. Targeting those mechanisms that affect PTEN function could indeed promote PTEN reactivation with consequent cancer selective apoptosis induction. In this review we will describe the role of PTEN in the development of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Davide Torti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
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24
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Tibes R, Al-Kali A, Oliver GR, Delman DH, Hansen N, Bhagavatula K, Mohan J, Rakhshan F, Wood T, Foran JM, Mesa RA, Bogenberger JM. The Hedgehog pathway as targetable vulnerability with 5-azacytidine in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:114. [PMID: 26483188 PMCID: PMC4615363 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapy and outcome for elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients has not improved for many years. Similarly, there remains a clinical need to improve response rates in advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients treated with hypomethylating agents, and few combination regimens have shown clinical benefit. We conducted a 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) RNA-interference (RNAi) sensitizer screen to identify gene targets within the commonly deleted regions (CDRs) of chromosomes 5 and 7, whose silencing enhances the activity of 5-Aza. Methods and results An RNAi silencing screen of 270 genes from the CDRs of chromosomes 5 and 7 was performed in combination with 5-Aza treatment in four AML cell lines (TF-1, THP-1, MDS-L, and HEL). Several genes within the hedgehog pathway (HhP), specifically SHH, SMO, and GLI3, were identified as 5-Aza sensitizing hits. The smoothened (SMO) inhibitors LDE225 (erismodegib) and GDC0449 (vismodegib) showed moderate single-agent activity in AML cell lines. Further studies with erismodegib in combination with 5-Aza demonstrated synergistic activity with combination index (CI) values of 0.48 to 0.71 in seven AML lines. Clonogenic growth of primary patient samples was inhibited to a greater extent in the combination than with single-agent erismodegib or 5-Aza in 55 % (6 of 11) primary patient samples examined. There was no association of the 5-Aza/erismodegib sensitization potential to clinical-cytogenetic features or common myeloid mutations. Activation of the HhP, as determined by greater expression of HhP-related genes, showed less responsiveness to single-agent SMO inhibition, while synergy between both agents was similar regardless of HhP gene expression. In vitro experiments suggested that concurrent dosing showed stronger synergy than sequential dosing. Conclusions Inhibition of the HhP with SMO inhibitors in combination with the hypomethylating agent 5-Aza demonstrates synergy in vitro and inhibits long-term repopulation capacity ex vivo in AML and MDS. A clinical trial combining 5-Aza with LDE225 (erismodegib) in MDS and AML is ongoing based on these results as well as additional publications suggesting a role for HhP signaling in myeloid disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0211-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Tibes
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Aref Al-Kali
- Mayo Clinic's Campus in Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Gavin R Oliver
- Mayo Clinic's Campus in Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Devora H Delman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Nanna Hansen
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Keerthi Bhagavatula
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Jayaram Mohan
- Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA.
| | - Fariborz Rakhshan
- Mayo Clinic's Campus in Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Thomas Wood
- Mayo Clinic's Campus in Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - James M Foran
- Mayo Clinic's Campus in Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - James M Bogenberger
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
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25
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Zhang R, Kim YM, Wang X, Li Y, Lu X, Sternenberger AR, Li S, Lee JY. Genomic Copy Number Variations in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q). Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:719-26. [PMID: 26392809 PMCID: PMC4571549 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common chromosomal abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are -5/del(5q) and -7/del(7q). When -5/del(5q) and -7/del(7q) coexist in patients, a poor prognosis is typically associated. Given that -5/del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q) often are accompanied with additional recurrent chromosomal alterations, genetic change(s) on the accompanying chromosome(s) other than chromosomes 5 and 7 may be important factor(s) affecting leukemogenesis and disease prognosis. Using an integrated analysis of karyotype, FISH and array CGH results in this study, we evaluated the smallest region of overlap (SRO) of chromosomes 5 and 7 as well as copy number alterations (CNAs) on the other chromosomes. Moreover, the relationship between the CNAs and del(5q) and -7/del(7q) was investigated by categorizing the cases into three groups based on the abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7 [group I: cases only with del(5q), group II: cases only with -7/del(7q) and group III: concurrent del(5q) and del(7q) cases]. The overlapping SRO of chromosome 5 from groups I and III was 5q31.1-33.1 and of chromosome 7 from groups II and III was 7q31.31-q36.1. A total of 318 CNAs were observed; ~ 78.3% of them were identified on chromosomes other than chromosomes 5 and 7, which were defined as 'other CNAs'. Group III was a distinctive group carrying the most high number (HN) CNAs, cryptic CNAs and 'other CNAs'. The loss of TP53 was highly associated with del(5q). The loss of ETV6 was specifically associated with group III. These CNAs or genes may play a secondary role in disease progression and should be further evaluated for their clinical significance and influence on therapeutic approaches in patients with MDS/AML carrying del(5q) and/or -7/del(7q) in large-scale, patient population study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- 2. Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xianfu Wang
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yan Li
- 2. Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xianglan Lu
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andrea R. Sternenberger
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shibo Li
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- 3. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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de Figueiredo AF, Capela de Matos RR, Othman MAK, Liehr T, da Costa ES, Land MGP, Ribeiro RC, Abdelhay E, Silva MLM. Molecular cytogenetic studies characterizing a novel complex karyotype with an uncommon 5q22 deletion in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:62. [PMID: 26257826 PMCID: PMC4528810 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 5 or loss of the whole chromosome are rare in childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. It is also unknown if the wide variety of breakpoints have diverging implications in the patient’s outcome. Despite -5/5q- abnormalities have usually been described as a poor prognostic feature, however, the low frequency of -5/5q- in pediatric AML patients limits a full knowledge about this cytogenetic and clinical category, which is an intriguing factor for further research and new findings. Here, we report an AML child showing an uncommon deletion in 5q associated with 2 new abnormalities involving chromosome 2 within a complex karyotype well-characterized by several molecular cytogenetic approaches. Our work stimulates upcoming studies with more detailed descriptions about 5q abnormalities to better define its role in the stratification risk of such cytogenetic subgroup in childhood AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Faria de Figueiredo
- Bone Marrow Unit, Cytogenetics Department, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Post-Graduation Program in Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rodrigues Capela de Matos
- Bone Marrow Unit, Cytogenetics Department, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Post-Graduation Program in Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute for Human Genetics, Jena University, Jena, Germany
| | - Elaine Sobral da Costa
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Martagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics and Child Development, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Geradin Poirot Land
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Martagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics and Child Development, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Post-Graduation Program in Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Bone Marrow Unit, Stem Cell Department, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Macedo Silva
- Bone Marrow Unit, Cytogenetics Department, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Post-Graduation Program in Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Qian J, Chen XX, Qian W, Yang J, Wen XM, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, Qian Z, Zhang YY, Lin J. Aberrant hypermethylation of CTNNA1 gene is associated with higher IPSS risk in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 52:1859-65. [PMID: 25153418 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTNNA1 gene is a putative tumor suppressor for its roles in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Aberrant expression of CTNNA1 is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms including both promoter methylation and histone deacetylation in hematopoietic malignancies. However, the clinical relevance of CTNNA1 methylation remains rarely known in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS We investigated the methylation status of CTNNA1 promoter using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and analyzed its clinical significance in Chinese MDS patients. RESULTS Aberrant hypermethylation of CTNNA1 gene was identified in 22% (18/83) of the patients. CTNNA1 expression was significantly correlated with promoter methylation status (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the age, sex, and blood parameters between patients with and without CTNNA1 hypermethylation (p>0.05). The frequency of CTNNA1 hypermethylation was significantly higher in patients with isolated del(5q) (3/4, 75%) than those with other abnormal karyotypes (4/23, 17%) and also than those with normal karyotypes (11/54, 20%) (p=0.042 and 0.040, respectively). The patients with higher IPSS risks (Int-2/High) had significantly increased incidence of CTNNA1 methylation than those with lower risks (Low/Int-1) (36% vs. 15%, p=0.049). Although the estimated 50% survival time of the CTNNA1-methylated group [median 13 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3-22 months] was shorter than that of CTNNA1-unmethylated group (median 24 months, 95% CI 7-41 months), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.330). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that aberrant CTNNA1 methylation is a common event and is associated with higher IPSS risk in MDS.
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Deregulation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2015; 29:1458-69. [PMID: 25761935 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of heterogeneous clonal hematologic malignancies that are characterized by defective bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis and by the occurrence of intramedullary apoptosis. During the past decade, the identification of key genetic and epigenetic alterations in patients has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. However, the specific molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of MDS have largely remained obscure. Recently, essential evidence supporting the direct role of innate immune abnormalities in MDS has been obtained, including the identification of multiple key regulators that are overexpressed or constitutively activated in BM hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mounting experimental results indicate that the dysregulation of these molecules leads to abnormal hematopoiesis, unbalanced cell death and proliferation in patients' BM, and has an important role in the pathogenesis of MDS. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence that the deregulation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling also affects other cells from the immune system and the BM microenvironment, which establish aberrant associations with hematopoietic precursors and contribute to the MDS phenotype. Therefore, the deregulation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling should be considered as one of the driving forces in the pathogenesis of MDS. In this article, we review and update the advances in this field, summarizing the results from the most recent studies and discussing their clinical implications.
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Dramatic response in the dependency to transfusion after low doses of lenalidomide treatment in a 5q-syndrome patient: a case report. North Clin Istanb 2015; 1:191-193. [PMID: 28058331 PMCID: PMC5175043 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2014.36036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
5q-syndrome is a special subgroup of myelodysplastic syndrome in terms of follow-up and treatment. Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that is frequently used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Some clinical studies have shown that lenalidomide treatment is effective in 5q syndrome and significantly decreases the transfusion dependency in these patients. In this paper, we would like to share a dramatic response of lowered transfusion dependency after treatment with low-dose lenalidomide in a patient who received myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis and isolated 5q anomaly in our clinic.
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Abou Zahr A, Saad Aldin E, Komrokji RS, Zeidan AM. Clinical utility of lenalidomide in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. J Blood Med 2014; 6:1-16. [PMID: 25565910 PMCID: PMC4278786 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s50482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of acquired clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias, paradoxical BM hypercellularity, ineffective hematopoiesis, and increased risk of leukemic transformation. Risk stratification, using different prognostic scores and markers, is at the core of MDS management. Deletion 5q [del(5q)] MDS is a distinct class of MDS characterized by the haploinsufficiency of specific genes, microRNAs, and proteins, which has been linked to increased sensitivity to the drug lenalidomide. Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of lenalidomide in improving clinical outcomes of patients with del(5q) MDS, including reduction in red blood cell transfusion requirements and improvements in quality of life. Lenalidomide has also demonstrated some activity in non-del(5q) lower-risk MDS as well as higher-risk MDS, especially in combination with other agents. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis of del(5q) MDS, the proposed mechanisms of action of lenalidomide, the major clinical trials that documented the activity of lenalidomide in different MDS populations, potential predictors of benefit from the drug and suggested mechanisms of resistance, and the use of combination strategies to expand the clinical utility of lenalidomide in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abou Zahr
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ehab Saad Aldin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medstar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rami S Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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The formin DIAPH1 (mDia1) regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation by remodeling the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Blood 2014; 124:3967-77. [PMID: 25298036 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-12-544924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are highly specialized precursor cells that produce platelets via cytoplasmic extensions called proplatelets. Proplatelet formation (PPF) requires profound changes in microtubule and actin organization. In this work, we demonstrated that DIAPH1 (mDia1), a mammalian homolog of Drosophila diaphanous that works as an effector of the small GTPase Rho, negatively regulates PPF by controlling the dynamics of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Moreover, we showed that inhibition of both DIAPH1 and the Rho-associated protein kinase (Rock)/myosin pathway increased PPF via coordination of both cytoskeletons. We provide evidence that 2 major effectors of the Rho GTPase pathway (DIAPH1 and Rock/myosin II) are involved not only in Rho-mediated stress fibers assembly, but also in the regulation of microtubule stability and dynamics during PPF.
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Kjeldsen E. A novel insertion ins(18;5)(q21.1;q31.2q35.1) in acute myeloid leukemia associated with microdeletions at 5q31.2, 5q35.1q35.2 and 18q12.3q21.1 detected by oligobased array comparative genomic hybridization. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:63. [PMID: 25279000 PMCID: PMC4180307 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonrandom clonal chromosomal aberrations can be detected in approximately 55% of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities play an important role in diagnosis, classification and prognosis of AML. However, several chromosomal abnormalities have not been completely determined or characterized, primarily because of their low incidence and limited amount of data. RESULTS We characterized an AML patient with a novel apparently balanced insertion ins(18;5)(q21;q31.2q35.1) that was cryptic by G-banding. The rearrangement was further examined by molecular cytogenetic methods and oligobased high-resolution array CGH (oaCGH) analysis. We show that an approximately 31.8 Mb large segment from chromosome 5 bands q31.2 to q35.1 has been inserted, by a direct mechanism, into chromosome 18 between bands q12.3 and q21.1. The insertion was unbalanced with concurrent submicroscopic deletions at 5q31.2 (approximately 0.37 Mb in size), 5q35.1q35.2 (approximately 1.98 Mb in size), and 18q12.3q21.1 (approximately 2.07 Mb in size). The microdeletions affect genes on 5q and 18q that have been associated with hematological malignancy and other cancers. A novel juxtaposition of the genes NPM1 and HAUS1 at 5q35.1 and 18q21.1, respectively, was detected by FISH analysis. Searching the literature and the Mitelman database revealed no previously reported ins(18;5) cases. Interestingly, however, two AML patients with translocation t(5;18)(q35;q21) encompassing the 5q35 and 18q21 breakpoint regions as detected in our present ins(18;5) patient have been reported. CONCLUSIONS It is well-known that cytogenetic abnormalities on the long arm of chromosome 5 affect hematopoiesis. However, the precise mechanism of their involvement in myeloid transformation is elusive. Our present data shed new light onto the frequent abnormalities on 5q as well as to the less frequent abnormalities observed on 18q in myeloid malignancies. In addition, we show that oaCGH analysis is a useful adjunct to revealing submicroscopic aberrations in regions of clinical importance. Reporting rare and nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities contribute to the identification of the whole spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities in AML and their prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Department of Hematology, HemoDiagnostic Laboratory, Cancer Cytogenetics Section, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Ent. 4A, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Aberrant overexpression of CD14 on granulocytes sensitizes the innate immune response in mDia1 heterozygous del(5q) MDS. Blood 2014; 124:780-90. [PMID: 24891322 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-552463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) include a spectrum of stem cell malignancies characterized by an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. Heterozygous loss of chromosome 5q (del[5q]) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in MDS. DIAPH1 is localized to 5q31 and encodes one of the formin proteins, mDia1, which is involved in linear actin polymerization. Mice with mDia1 deficiency develop hematologic features with age mimicking human myeloid neoplasm, but its role in the pathogenesis of MDS is unclear. Here we report that mDia1 heterozygous and knockout mice develop MDS phenotypes with age. In these mice, CD14 was aberrantly overexpressed on granulocytes in a cell-autonomous manner, leading to a hypersensitive innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli through CD14/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Chronic stimulation with LPS accelerated the development of MDS in mDia1 heterozygous and knockout mice that can be rescued by lenalidomide. Similar findings of CD14 overexpression were observed on the bone marrow granulocytes of del(5q) MDS patients. Mechanistically, mDia1 deficiency led to a downregulation of membrane-associated genes and a specific upregulation of CD14 messenger RNA in granulocytes, but not in other lineages. These results underscore the significance of mDia1 heterozygosity in deregulated innate immune responses in del(5q) MDS.
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Taylor A, Tang W, Bruscia EM, Zhang PX, Lin A, Gaines P, Wu D, Halene S. SRF is required for neutrophil migration in response to inflammation. Blood 2014; 123:3027-36. [PMID: 24574460 PMCID: PMC4014845 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-507582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor and master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. We have previously shown that SRF is essential for megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation and function. Here we elucidate the role of SRF in neutrophils, the primary defense against infections. To study the effect of SRF loss in neutrophils, we crossed Srf(fl/fl) mice with select Cre-expressing mice and studied neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo. Despite normal neutrophil numbers, neutrophil function is severely impaired in Srf knockout (KO) neutrophils. Srf KO neutrophils fail to polymerize globular actin to filamentous actin in response to N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine, resulting in significantly disrupted cytoskeletal remodeling. Srf KO neutrophils fail to migrate to sites of inflammation in vivo and along chemokine gradients in vitro. Polarization in response to cytokine stimuli is absent and Srf KO neutrophils show markedly reduced adhesion. Integrins play an essential role in cellular adhesion, and although integrin expression levels are maintained with loss of SRF, integrin activation and trafficking are disrupted. Migration and cellular adhesion are essential for normal cell function, but also for malignant processes such as metastasis, underscoring an essential function for SRF and its pathway in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Taylor
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Involvement of deleted chromosome 5 in complex chromosomal aberrations in newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is correlated with extremely adverse prognosis. Leuk Res 2014; 38:537-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Homozygous loss of DIAPH1 is a novel cause of microcephaly in humans. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:165-72. [PMID: 24781755 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of family-based linkage analysis with high-throughput sequencing is a powerful approach to identifying rare genetic variants that contribute to genetically heterogeneous syndromes. Using parametric multipoint linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing, we have identified a gene responsible for microcephaly (MCP), severe visual impairment, intellectual disability, and short stature through the mapping of a homozygous nonsense alteration in a multiply-affected consanguineous family. This gene, DIAPH1, encodes the mammalian Diaphanous-related formin (mDia1), a member of the diaphanous-related formin family of Rho effector proteins. Upon the activation of GTP-bound Rho, mDia1 generates linear actin filaments in the maintenance of polarity during adhesion, migration, and division in immune cells and neuroepithelial cells, and in driving tangential migration of cortical interneurons in the rodent. Here, we show that patients with a homozygous nonsense DIAPH1 alteration (p.Gln778*) have MCP as well as reduced height and weight. diap1 (mDia1 knockout (KO))-deficient mice have grossly normal body and brain size. However, our histological analysis of diap1 KO mouse coronal brain sections at early and postnatal stages shows unilateral ventricular enlargement, indicating that this mutant mouse shows both important similarities as well as differences with human pathology. We also found that mDia1 protein is expressed in human neuronal precursor cells during mitotic cell division and has a major impact in the regulation of spindle formation and cell division.
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Lash LL, Wallar BJ, Turner JD, Vroegop SM, Kilkuskie RE, Kitchen-Goosen SM, Xu HE, Alberts AS. Small-molecule intramimics of formin autoinhibition: a new strategy to target the cytoskeletal remodeling machinery in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 73:6793-803. [PMID: 24242070 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the cancer cell cytoskeleton is a clinically validated target, few new strategies have emerged for selectively targeting cell division by modulating the cytoskeletal structure, particularly ways that could avoid the cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of current agents such as taxanes. We address this gap by describing a novel class of small-molecule agonists of the mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formins, which act downstream of Rho GTPases to assemble actin filaments, and their organization with microfilaments to establish and maintain cell polarity during migration and asymmetric division. GTP-bound Rho activates mDia family members by disrupting the interaction between the DID and DAD autoregulatory domains, which releases the FH2 domain to modulate actin and microtubule dynamics. In screening for DID-DAD disruptors that activate mDia, we identified two molecules called intramimics (IMM-01 and -02) that were sufficient to trigger actin assembly and microtubule stabilization, serum response factor-mediated gene expression, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo analysis of IMM-01 and -02 established their ability to slow tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer. Taken together, our work establishes the use of intramimics and mDia-related formins as a new general strategy for therapeutic targeting of the cytoskeletal remodeling machinery of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leanne Lash
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratories of Cell Structure and Signal Integration and Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute; Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids; and Michigan High Throughput Screening Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan
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Heise C, Carter T, Schafer P, Chopra R. Pleiotropic mechanisms of action of lenalidomide efficacy in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:1663-72. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Giagounidis A, Mufti GJ, Fenaux P, Germing U, List A, MacBeth KJ. Lenalidomide as a disease-modifying agent in patients with del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes: linking mechanism of action to clinical outcomes. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:1-11. [PMID: 24018623 PMCID: PMC3889654 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, del(5q), is the most prevalent cytogenetic abnormality in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In isolation, it is traditionally associated with favorable prognosis compared with other subtypes of MDS. However, owing to the inherent heterogeneity of the disease, prognosis for patients with del(5q) MDS is highly variable depending on the presence of factors such as additional chromosomal abnormalities, >5 % blasts in the bone marrow (BM), or transfusion dependence. Over recent years, the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with del(5q) MDS. Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease have suggested that lenalidomide targets aberrant signaling pathways caused by haplosufficiency of specific genes in a commonly deleted region on chromosome 5 (e.g., SPARC, RPS14, Cdc25C, and PP2A). As a result, the agent specifically targets del(5q) clones while also promoting erythropoiesis and repopulation of the bone marrow in normal cells. This review discusses recent developments in the understanding of the mechanism of action of lenalidomide, and how this underlies favorable outcomes in patients with del(5q) MDS. In addition, we discuss how improved understanding of the mechanism of disease will facilitate clinicians’ ability to predict/monitor response and identify patients at risk of relapse.
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Fils-Aimé N, Dai M, Guo J, El-Mousawi M, Kahramangil B, Neel JC, Lebrun JJ. MicroRNA-584 and the protein phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1), a new signaling route through which transforming growth factor-β Mediates the migration and actin dynamics of breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11807-23. [PMID: 23479725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.430934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β plays an important role in breast cancer progression as a prometastatic factor, notably through enhancement of cell migration. It is becoming clear that microRNAs, a new class of small regulatory molecules, also play crucial roles in mediating tumor formation and progression. We found TGF-β to down-regulate the expression of the microRNA miR-584 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we identified PHACTR1, an actin-binding protein, to be positively regulated by TGF-β in a miR-584-dependent manner. Moreover, we found TGF-β-mediated down-regulation of miR-584 and increased expression of PHACTR1 to be required for TGF-β-induced cell migration of breast cancer cells. Indeed, both overexpression of miR-584 and knockdown of PHACTR1 resulted in a drastic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and reduced TGF-β-induced cell migration. Our data highlight a novel signaling route whereby TGF-β silences the expression of miR-584, resulting in enhanced PHACTR1 expression, and further leading to actin rearrangement and breast cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Fils-Aimé
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
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Health-related quality of life outcomes of lenalidomide in transfusion-dependent patients with Low- or Intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with a chromosome 5q deletion: results from a randomized clinical trial. Leuk Res 2012; 37:259-65. [PMID: 23273538 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report health-related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) among 167 RBC transfusion-dependent patients with IPSS Low-/Intermediate-1-risk del5q31 MDS treated with lenalidomide versus placebo in a randomized phase 3 clinical trial, MDS-004. Mean baseline to 12 week changes in FACT-An Total scores improved following treatment with lenalidomide 5 and 10mg (+5.7 and +5.7, respectively) versus placebo (-2.8) (both p<0.05). Clinically important changes in HRQL from baseline were observed at weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48 among RBC-TI≥26 week responders in both treatment groups. Lenalidomide treatment may be effective in improving HRQL outcomes.
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Beurlet S, Chomienne C, Padua RA. Engineering mouse models with myelodysplastic syndrome human candidate genes; how relevant are they? Haematologica 2012; 98:10-22. [PMID: 23065517 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.069385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes represent particularly challenging hematologic malignancies that arise from a large spectrum of genetic events resulting in a disease characterized by a range of different presentations and outcomes. Despite efforts to classify and identify the key genetic events, little improvement has been made in therapies that will increase patient survival. Animal models represent powerful tools to model and study human diseases and are useful pre-clinical platforms. In addition to enforced expression of candidate oncogenes, gene inactivation has allowed the consequences of the genetic effects of human myelodysplastic syndrome to be studied in mice. This review aims to examine the animal models expressing myelodysplastic syndrome-associated genes that are currently available and to highlight the most appropriate model to phenocopy myelodysplastic syndrome disease and its risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia.
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Deletion of the long arm but not the 5q31 region of chromosome 5 in myeloid malignancies. Leuk Res 2012; 36:e43-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Important genes in the pathogenesis of 5q- syndrome and their connection with ribosomal stress and the innate immune system pathway. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:179402. [PMID: 23213547 PMCID: PMC3504201 DOI: 10.1155/2012/179402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with interstitial deletion of a segment of the long arm of chromosome 5q [del(5q)] is characterized by bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia, atypical megakaryocytes, thrombocythemia, refractory anemia, and low risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared with other types of MDS. The long arm of chromosome 5 contains two distinct commonly deleted regions (CDRs). The more distal CDR lies in 5q33.1 and contains 40 protein-coding genes and genes coding microRNAs (miR-143, miR-145). In 5q-syndrome one allele is deleted that accounts for haploinsufficiency of these genes. The mechanism of erythroid failure appears to involve the decreased expression of the ribosomal protein S14 (RPS14) gene and the upregulation of the p53 pathway by ribosomal stress. Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli1) is one of the target genes of miR145. Increased Fli1 expression enables effective megakaryopoiesis in 5q-syndrome.
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Douet-Guilbert N, De Braekeleer E, Basinko A, Herry A, Gueganic N, Bovo C, Trillet K, Dos Santos A, Le Bris MJ, Morel F, Eveillard JR, Berthou C, De Braekeleer M. Molecular characterization of deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 (del(5q)) in 94 MDS/AML patients. Leukemia 2012; 26:1695-7. [PMID: 22290067 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes are a diverse group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias, and an increased propensity to evolve to acute myeloid leukemia. The molecular pathogenesis of these disorders is poorly understood, but recurring chromosomal abnormalities occur in approximately 50% of cases and are the focus of much investigation. The availability of newer molecular techniques has allowed the identification of additional genetic aberrations, including mutations and epigenetic changes of prognostic and potential therapeutic importance. This review focuses on the key role of cytogenetic analysis in myelodysplastic syndromes in the context of the diagnosis, prognosis, and pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatoyosi Odenike
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago
| | - John Anastasi
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Hematopathology and Clinical Hematology Laboratory, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago
| | - Michelle M. Le Beau
- Professor of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago
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Voutsadakis IA, Cairoli A. A critical review of the molecular pathophysiology of lenalidomide sensitivity in 5q − myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:779-88. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.623255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
The 5q-syndrome is a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a defined clinical phenotype associated with heterozygous deletions of chromosome 5q. While no genes have been identified that undergo recurrent homozygous inactivation, functional studies have revealed individual genes that contribute to the clinical phenotype of MDS through haplo-insufficient gene expression. Heterozygous loss of the RPS14 gene on 5q leads to activation of p53 in the erythroid lineage and the macrocytic anemia characteristic of the 5q-syndrome. The megakaryocytic and platelet phenotype of the 5q-syndrome has been attributed to heterozygous deletion of miR145 and miR146a. Murine models have implicated heterozygous loss of APC, EGR1, DIAPH1, and NPM1 in the pathophysiology of del(5q) MDS. These findings indicate that the phenotype of MDS patients with deletions of chromosome 5q is due to haplo-insufficiency of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Ebert
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Palumbo A, Freeman J, Weiss L, Fenaux P. The clinical safety of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011; 11:107-20. [PMID: 22066855 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2011.619975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lenalidomide is an IMiDs® oral immunomodulatory compound developed for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Long-term continuous treatment with lenalidomide beyond first response may be important to optimize responses and delay relapse. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the lenalidomide mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, key clinical studies with a focus on safety and post-marketing surveillance data. The necessity for early adverse-event management, including dose modifications for neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, where applicable, in order to maintain patients on treatment and achieve optimal efficacy, is discussed. Secondary primary malignancies in MM and progression to acute myeloid leukemia in MDS patients in the context of lenalidomide treatment are also discussed. Finally, as lenalidomide is renally excreted, the requirement for dose adjustment according to creatinine clearance is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Lenalidomide is highly effective and generally well tolerated. Most adverse events occur early during the course of treatment and are manageable. Lenalidomide is not associated with peripheral neuropathy and has a lack of cumulative toxicity, making it an effective treatment option for long-term use in the management of MM and low/intermediate-1-risk MDS, specifically with chromosome 5q deletion with or without other cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo
- Divisione di Ematologia dell'Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista, Via Genova 3, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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