1
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Jacob TV, Doshi GM. New Promising Routes in Peptic Ulcers: Toll-like Receptors and Semaphorins. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:865-878. [PMID: 37605412 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230821102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Peptic ulcers (PU) are one of the commonest yet problematic diseases found to be existing in the majority of the population. Today, drugs from a wide range of therapeutic classes are available for the management of the disease. Still, the complications of the condition are difficult to tackle and the side effect profile is quite a concern. The literature indicates that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Semaphorins (SEMAs) have been under study for their various pharmacological actions over the past few decades. Both these signalling pathways are found to regulate immunological and inflammatory responses. Moreover, receptors and signalling molecules from the family of TLRs and SEMAs are found to have bacterial recognition and antibacterial properties which are essential in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the major causative agents of PU. Our understanding of SEMAs, a class of proteins involved in cell signalling, is relatively less developed compared to TLRs, another class of proteins involved in the immune response. SEMAs and TLRs play different roles in biological processes, with SEMAs primarily involved in guiding cell migration and axon guidance during development, while TLRs are responsible for recognizing pathogens and initiating an immune response. Here, in this review, we will discuss in detail the signalling cascade of TLRs and SEMAs and thereby understand its association with PU for future therapeutic targeting. The review also aims at providing an overview of the study that has been into exploring the role of these signalling pathways in the management of PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa V Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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2
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Kretschmer K, Stichel J, Bellmann-Sickert K, Baumann L, Bierer D, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. Pinpointing the interaction site between semaphorin-3A and its inhibitory peptide. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3460. [PMID: 36285908 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A) is a chemorepellant protein with various biological functions, including kidney development. It interacts with a protein complex consisting of the receptors neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and plexin-A1. After acute kidney injury, Sema-3A is overexpressed and secreted, leading to a loss of kidney function. The development of peptide inhibitors is a promising approach to modulate the interaction of Sema-3A with its receptor NRP-1. Few interaction points between these binding partners are known. However, an immunoglobulin-like domain-derived peptide of Sema-3A has shown a positive effect on cell proliferation. To specify these interactions between the peptide inhibitor and the Sema-3A-NRP-1 system, the peptides were modified with the photoactivatable amino acids 4-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine or photo-l-leucine by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Activity was tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-based binding assay, and crosslinking experiments were analyzed by Western blot and mass spectrometry, demonstrating a specific binding site of the peptide at Sema-3A. The observed signals for Sema-3A-peptide interaction were found in a defined area of the Sema domain, which was also demonstrated to be involved in NRP-1 binding. The presented data identified the interaction site for further development of therapeutic peptides to treat acute kidney injury by blocking the Sema-3A-NRP-1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kretschmer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Bica C, Tirpe A, Nutu A, Ciocan C, Chira S, Gurzau ES, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Emerging roles and mechanisms of semaphorins activity in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 318:121499. [PMID: 36775114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are regulatory molecules that are linked to the modulation of several cancer processes, such as angiogenesis, cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, tumor growth, as well as cancer cell survival. Semaphorin (SEMA) activity depends on the cancer histotypes and their particularities. In broad terms, the effects of SEMAs result from their interaction with specific receptors/co-receptors - Plexins, Neuropilins and Integrins - and the subsequent effects upon the downstream effectors (e.g. PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK). The present article serves as an integrative review work, discussing the broad implications of semaphorins in cancer, focusing on cell proliferation/survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, stemness, and chemo-resistance/response whilst highlighting their heterogeneity as a family. Herein, we emphasized that semaphorins are largely implicated in cancer progression, interacting with the tumor microenvironment components. Whilst some SEMAs (e.g. SEMA3A, SEMA3B) function widely as tumor suppressors, others (e.g. SEMA3C) act as pro-tumor semaphorins. The differences observed in terms of the biological structure of SEMAs and the particularities of each cancer histotypes require that each semaphorin be viewed as a unique entity, and its roles must be researched accordingly. A more in-depth and comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms that promote and sustain the malignant behavior of cancer cells is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Tirpe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Cluj School of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 7 Pandurilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
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4
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From Biology to Diagnosis and Treatment: The Ariadne’s Thread in Cancer of Unknown Primary. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065588. [PMID: 36982662 PMCID: PMC10053301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) encloses a group of heterogeneous tumours, the primary sites for which cannot be identified at the time of diagnosis, despite extensive investigations. CUP has always posed major challenges both in its diagnosis and management, leading to the hypothesis that it is rather a distinct entity with specific genetic and phenotypic aberrations, considering the regression or dormancy of the primary tumour; the development of early, uncommon systemic metastases; and the resistance to therapy. Patients with CUP account for 1–3% of all human malignancies and can be categorised into two prognostic subsets according to their clinicopathologic characteristics at presentation. The diagnosis of CUP mainly depends on the standard evaluation comprising a thorough medical history; complete physical examination; histopathologic morphology and algorithmic immunohistochemistry assessment; and CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. However, physicians and patients do not fare well with these criteria and often perform additional time-consuming evaluations to identify the primary tumour site to guide treatment decisions. The development of molecularly guided diagnostic strategies has emerged to complement traditional procedures but has been disappointing thus far. In this review, we present the latest data on CUP regarding the biology, molecular profiling, classification, diagnostic workup, and treatment.
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5
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Brundu S, Napolitano V, Franzolin G, Lo Cascio E, Mastrantonio R, Sardo G, Cascardi E, Verginelli F, Sarnataro S, Gambardella G, Pisacane A, Arcovito A, Boccaccio C, Comoglio PM, Giraudo E, Tamagnone L. Mutated axon guidance gene PLXNB2 sustains growth and invasiveness of stem cells isolated from cancers of unknown primary. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16104. [PMID: 36722641 PMCID: PMC9994481 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic changes sustaining the development of cancers of unknown primary (CUP) remain elusive. The whole-exome genomic profiling of 14 rigorously selected CUP samples did not reveal specific recurring mutation in known driver genes. However, by comparing the mutational landscape of CUPs with that of most other human tumor types, it emerged a consistent enrichment of changes in genes belonging to the axon guidance KEGG pathway. In particular, G842C mutation of PlexinB2 (PlxnB2) was predicted to be activating. Indeed, knocking down the mutated, but not the wild-type, PlxnB2 in CUP stem cells resulted in the impairment of self-renewal and proliferation in culture, as well as tumorigenic capacity in mice. Conversely, the genetic transfer of G842C-PlxnB2 was sufficient to promote CUP stem cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in mice. Notably, G842C-PlxnB2 expression in CUP cells was associated with basal EGFR phosphorylation, and EGFR blockade impaired the viability of CUP cells reliant on the mutated receptor. Moreover, the mutated PlxnB2 elicited CUP cell invasiveness, blocked by EGFR inhibitor treatment. In sum, we found that a novel activating mutation of the axon guidance gene PLXNB2 sustains proliferative autonomy and confers invasive properties to stem cells isolated from cancers of unknown primary, in EGFR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginia Napolitano
- Department of Life Sciences and Public HealthUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | | | - Ettore Lo Cascio
- Department of Biotechnological Sciences and Intensive CareUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Roberta Mastrantonio
- Department of Life Sciences and Public HealthUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | | | - Eliano Cascardi
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSTurinItaly
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | | | - Gennaro Gambardella
- Telethon Institute of Genetic and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Department of Biotechnological Sciences and Intensive CareUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli (FPG) – IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSTurinItaly
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSTurinItaly
- Department of Science and Drug TechnologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department of Life Sciences and Public HealthUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli (FPG) – IRCCSRomeItaly
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6
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Jiang J, Lu Y, Zhang F, Pan T, Zhang Z, Wan Y, Ren X, Zhang R. Semaphorin 4B promotes tumor progression and associates with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:632. [PMID: 35676688 PMCID: PMC9178879 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorins have been found to play important roles in multiple malignancy-related processes. However, the role of Semaphorin 4B (SEMA4B) in lung cancer remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the biological functions of SEMA4B in through bioinformatic analysis, in vitro and in vivo assays. In the present study, the possible mechanism by which SEMA4B affected the tumor growth and microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were investigated. METHODS The expression of SEMA4B in LUAD was analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and verified by the immunohistochemistry staining. The prognostic value of SEMA4B in LUAD was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox's regression model. After silencing SEMA4B expression, the functions of SEMA4B in LUAD cells were investigated by in vitro experiments, including CCK-8 and plate clone formation. And the effect of SEMA4B on tumor growth and immune infiltration was explored in C57BL/6 mice tumor-bearing models. RESULTS SEMA4B expression was upregulated in LUAD tissues and correlated with later pathological stages and poor prognosis of LUAD patients. Further study found that SEMA4B silencing suppressed the proliferation of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis showed that SEMA4B expression was correlated with the increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T-regs and the decreased infiltration of CD8+ T cell in LUAD. Importantly, in vivo study verified that the infiltration of T-regs and MDSCs in tumor microenvironment (TME) of Xenograft tissues was decreased after SEMA4B silencing. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated SEMA4B might play an oncogenic role in LUAD progression, and be a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Health Service, Base of Health Service, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Health Service, Base of Health Service, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shenzhen General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Celus W, Oliveira AI, Rivis S, Van Acker HH, Landeloos E, Serneels J, Cafarello ST, Van Herck Y, Mastrantonio R, Köhler A, Garg AD, Flamand V, Tamagnone L, Marine JC, Matteo MD, Costa BM, Bechter O, Mazzone M. Plexin-A4 Mediates Cytotoxic T-cell Trafficking and Exclusion in Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 10:126-141. [PMID: 34815265 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) infiltration of the tumor carries the potential to limit cancer progression, but their exclusion by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment hampers the efficiency of immunotherapy. Here, we show that expression of the axon guidance molecule Plexin-A4 (Plxna4) in CTLs, especially in effector/memory CD8+ T cells, is induced upon T-cell activation, sustained in the circulation, but reduced when entering the tumor bed. Therefore, we deleted Plxna4 and observed that Plxna4-deficient CTLs acquired improved homing capacity to the lymph nodes and to the tumor, as well as increased proliferation, both achieved through enhanced Rac1 activation. Mice with stromal or hematopoietic Plxna4 deletion exhibited enhanced CTL infiltration and impaired tumor growth. In a melanoma model, adoptive transfer of CTLs lacking Plxna4 prolonged survival and improved therapeutic outcome, which was even stronger when combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment. PLXNA4 abundance in circulating CTLs was augmented in melanoma patients versus healthy volunteers but decreased after the first cycle of anti-PD-1, alone or in combination with anti-cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), in those patients showing complete or partial response to the treatment. Altogether, our data suggest that Plxna4 acts as a "checkpoint," negatively regulating CTL migration and proliferation through cell-autonomous mechanisms independent of the interaction with host-derived Plxna4 ligands, semaphorins. These findings pave the way toward Plxna4-centric immunotherapies and propose Plxna4 detection in circulating CTLs as a potential way to monitor the response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Celus
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana I Oliveira
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rivis
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewout Landeloos
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Serneels
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Trusso Cafarello
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Van Herck
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberta Mastrantonio
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaud Köhler
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB-Center for Research in Immunology, Gosselies, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB-Center for Research in Immunology, Gosselies, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Kanth SM, Gairhe S, Torabi-Parizi P. The Role of Semaphorins and Their Receptors in Innate Immune Responses and Clinical Diseases of Acute Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672441. [PMID: 34012455 PMCID: PMC8126651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are a group of proteins that have been studied extensively for their critical function in neuronal development. They have been shown to regulate airway development, tumorigenesis, autoimmune diseases, and the adaptive immune response. Notably, emerging literature describes the role of immunoregulatory semaphorins and their receptors, plexins and neuropilins, as modulators of innate immunity and diseases defined by acute injury to the kidneys, abdomen, heart and lungs. In this review we discuss the pathogenic functions of semaphorins in clinical conditions of acute inflammation, including sepsis and acute lung injury, with a focus on regulation of the innate immune response as well as potential future therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Kanth
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Salina Gairhe
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Overcoming therapy resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:377-391. [PMID: 35122001 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically changed the clinical prospects of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations. Despite prolonged disease control and high tumor response rates, all patients eventually progress on EGFR TKI treatment. Here, we review the mechanisms of acquired EGFR TKI resistance, the methods for monitoring its appearance, as well as current and future efforts to define treatment strategies to overcome resistance.
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10
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Abdullah A, Akhand SS, Paez JSP, Brown W, Pan L, Libring S, Badamy M, Dykuizen E, Solorio L, Andy Tao W, Wendt MK. Epigenetic targeting of neuropilin-1 prevents bypass signaling in drug-resistant breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:322-333. [PMID: 33128042 PMCID: PMC7808937 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancers are treated using targeted antibodies and kinase inhibitors, but resistance to these therapies leads to systemic tumor recurrence of metastatic disease. Herein, we conducted gene expression analyses of HER2 kinase inhibitor-resistant cell lines as compared to their drug-sensitive counterparts. These data demonstrate the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which included enhanced expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and axonal guidance molecules known as neuropilins (NRPs). Immunoprecipitation of FGFR1 coupled with mass spectroscopy indicated that FGFR1 forms a physical complex with NRPs, which is enhanced upon induction of EMT. Confocal imaging revealed that FGFR1 and NRP1 predominantly interact throughout the cytoplasm. Along these lines, short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of NRP1, but not the use of NRP1-blocking antibodies, inhibited FGFR signaling and reduced tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results further indicate that NRP1 upregulation during EMT is mediated via binding of the chromatin reader protein, bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) in the NRP1 proximal promoter region. Pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 decreased NRP1 expression and ablated FGF-mediated tumor cell growth. Overall, our studies indicate that NRPs facilitate aberrant growth factor signaling during EMT-associated drug resistance and metastasis. Pharmacological combination of epigenetic modulators with FGFR-targeted kinase inhibitors may provide improved outcomes for breast cancer patients with drug-resistant metastatic disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neuropilin-1/genetics
- Neuropilin-1/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Abdullah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Saeed Salehin Akhand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Juan Sebastian Paez Paez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Wells Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael Badamy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Emily Dykuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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11
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Fard D, Tamagnone L. Semaphorins in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:55-63. [PMID: 32900601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is pivotal to guide embryo development, as well as to maintain adult tissues homeostasis and control immune response. Among extracellular factors responsible for this function, are the Semaphorins, a broad family of around 20 different molecular cues conserved in evolution and widely expressed in all tissues. The signaling cascades initiated by semaphorins depend on a family of conserved receptors, called Plexins, and on several additional molecules found in the receptor complexes. Moreover, multiple intracellular pathways have been described to act downstream of semaphorins, highlighting significant diversity in the signaling cascades controlled by this family. Notably, semaphorin expression is altered in many human diseases, such as immunopathologies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This underscores the importance of semaphorins as regulatory factors in the tissue microenvironment and has prompted growing interest for assessing their potential relevance in medicine. This review article surveys the main contexts in which semaphorins have been found to regulate developing and healthy adult tissues, and the signaling cascades implicated in these functions. Vis a vis, we will highlight the main pathological processes in which semaphorins are thought to have a role thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Fard
- University of Torino School of Medicine, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Wei L, Li H, Tamagnone L, You H. Semaphorins and Their Receptors in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:382. [PMID: 31143707 PMCID: PMC6521731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While semaphorins were initially identified as axonal guidance cues for wiring the neural network, it was then recognized their wide relevance in tissue development and homeostasis. Notably, semaphorin activities were also extensively studied in many types of solid tumors; however, their relevance in hematological malignancies is far from understood. In this mini-review, we surveyed the current knowledge about semaphorins and their receptors in leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. Noteworthy, current data support a promoting role for Semaphorin 4D and Neuropilin-1 in these tumors, while Semaphorin 3A seems to consistently act as oncosuppressor in leukemias and multiple myeloma. The expression levels and functional activities of SEMA3B, SEMA3F, and Neuropilin-2 have furthermore been investigated in leukemias and lymphoma cells. Herein, we reviewed the state of the art and highlighted some of the open questions to be addressed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Carretero-Ortega J, Chhangawala Z, Hunt S, Narvaez C, Menéndez-González J, Gay CM, Zygmunt T, Li X, Torres-Vázquez J. GIPC proteins negatively modulate Plexind1 signaling during vascular development. eLife 2019; 8:e30454. [PMID: 31050647 PMCID: PMC6499541 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins (SEMAs) and their Plexin (PLXN) receptors are central regulators of metazoan cellular communication. SEMA-PLXND1 signaling plays important roles in cardiovascular, nervous, and immune system development, and cancer biology. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that modulate SEMA-PLXND1 signaling. As PLXND1 associates with GIPC family endocytic adaptors, we evaluated the requirement for the molecular determinants of their association and PLXND1's vascular role. Zebrafish that endogenously express a Plxnd1 receptor with a predicted impairment in GIPC binding exhibit low penetrance angiogenesis deficits and antiangiogenic drug hypersensitivity. Moreover, gipc mutant fish show angiogenic impairments that are ameliorated by reducing Plxnd1 signaling. Finally, GIPC depletion potentiates SEMA-PLXND1 signaling in cultured endothelial cells. These findings expand the vascular roles of GIPCs beyond those of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-dependent, proangiogenic GIPC1-Neuropilin 1 complex, recasting GIPCs as negative modulators of antiangiogenic PLXND1 signaling and suggest that PLXND1 trafficking shapes vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zinal Chhangawala
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Shane Hunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carlos Narvaez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Javier Menéndez-González
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tomasz Zygmunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Population HealthNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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14
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Singh A, Mia MM, Cibi DM, Arya AK, Bhadada SK, Singh MK. Deficiency in the secreted protein Semaphorin3d causes abnormal parathyroid development in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8336-8347. [PMID: 30979723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinopathy characterized by hypercalcemia and elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. The primary cause of PHPT is a benign overgrowth of parathyroid tissue causing excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. However, the molecular etiology of PHPT is incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that semaphorin3d (Sema3d), a secreted glycoprotein, is expressed in the developing parathyroid gland in mice. We also observed that genetic deletion of Sema3d leads to parathyroid hyperplasia, causing PHPT. In vivo and in vitro experiments using histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemical, RT-qPCR, and immunoblotting assays revealed that Sema3d inhibits parathyroid cell proliferation by decreasing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase (ERBB) signaling pathway. We further demonstrate that EGFR signaling is elevated in Sema3d -/- parathyroid glands and that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR signaling can partially rescue the parathyroid hyperplasia phenotype. We propose that because Sema3d is a secreted protein, it may be possible to use recombinant Sema3d or derived peptides to inhibit parathyroid cell proliferation causing hyperplasia and hyperparathyroidism. Collectively, these findings identify Sema3d as a negative regulator of parathyroid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857
| | - Masum M Mia
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857
| | - Dasan Mary Cibi
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore 169609.
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15
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Semaphorin4D Induces Inhibitory Synapse Formation by Rapid Stabilization of Presynaptic Boutons via MET Coactivation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4221-4237. [PMID: 30914448 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0215-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in inhibitory connections are essential for experience-dependent circuit adaptations. Defects in inhibitory synapses are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, but the molecular processes underlying inhibitory synapse formation are not well understood. Here we use high-resolution two-photon microscopy in organotypic hippocampal slices from GAD65-GFP mice of both sexes to examine the signaling pathways induced by the postsynaptic signaling molecule Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) during inhibitory synapse formation. By monitoring changes in individual GFP-labeled presynaptic boutons, we found that the primary action of Sema4D is to induce stabilization of presynaptic boutons within tens of minutes. Stabilized boutons rapidly recruited synaptic vesicles, followed by accumulation of postsynaptic gephyrin and were functional after 24 h, as determined by electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry. Inhibitory boutons are only sensitive to Sema4D at a specific stage during synapse formation and sensitivity to Sema4D is regulated by network activity. We further examined the intracellular signaling cascade triggered by Sema4D and found that bouton stabilization occurs through rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. This could be mimicked by the actin-depolymerizing drug latrunculin B or by reducing ROCK activity. We discovered that the intracellular signaling cascade requires activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, which is a well known autism risk factor. By using a viral approach to reduce MET levels specifically in inhibitory neurons, we found that their axons are no longer sensitive to Sema4D signaling. Together, our data yield important insights into the molecular pathway underlying activity-dependent Sema4D-induced synapse formation and reveal a novel role for presynaptic MET at inhibitory synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT GABAergic synapses provide the main inhibitory control of neuronal activity in the brain. We wanted to unravel the sequence of molecular events that take place when formation of inhibitory synapses is triggered by a specific signaling molecule, Sema4D. We find that this signaling pathway depends on network activity and involves specific remodeling of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. We also reveal a previously unknown role for MET at inhibitory synapses. Our study provides novel insights into the dynamic process of inhibitory synapse formation. As defects in GABAergic synapses have been implied in many brain disorders, and mutations in MET are strong risk factors for autism, our findings urge for a further investigation of the role of MET at inhibitory synapses.
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16
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Beamish IV, Hinck L, Kennedy TE. Making Connections: Guidance Cues and Receptors at Nonneural Cell-Cell Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029165. [PMID: 28847900 PMCID: PMC6211390 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of axon guidance was revolutionized over the past three decades by the identification of highly conserved families of guidance cues and receptors. These proteins are essential for normal neural development and function, directing cell and axon migration, neuron-glial interactions, and synapse formation and plasticity. Many of these genes are also expressed outside the nervous system in which they influence cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. Because the nervous system develops from neural epithelium, it is perhaps not surprising that these guidance cues have significant nonneural roles in governing the specialized junctional connections between cells in polarized epithelia. The following review addresses roles for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins, slits and their receptors in regulating adherens, tight, and gap junctions in nonneural epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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17
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Semaphorin 3C and Its Receptors in Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020042. [PMID: 29642487 PMCID: PMC6027460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental programs are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Semaphorins are a large family of guidance cues that direct neuronal network formation and are also implicated in cancer. Semaphorins have two kinds of receptors, neuropilins and plexins. Besides their role in development, semaphorin signaling may promote or suppress tumors depending on their context. Sema3C is a secreted semaphorin that plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stem-like cells, promotes migration and invasion, and may facilitate angiogenesis. Therapeutic strategies that inhibit Sema3C signaling may improve cancer control. This review will summarize the current research on the Sema3C pathway and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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18
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Abstract
Semaphorins are extracellular signaling proteins that are essential for the development and maintenance of many organs and tissues. The more than 20-member semaphorin protein family includes secreted, transmembrane and cell surface-attached proteins with diverse structures, each characterized by a single cysteine-rich extracellular sema domain, the defining feature of the family. Early studies revealed that semaphorins function as axon guidance molecules, but it is now understood that semaphorins are key regulators of morphology and motility in many different cell types including those that make up the nervous, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, hepatic, renal, reproductive, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, as well as in cancer cells. Semaphorin signaling occurs predominantly through Plexin receptors and results in changes to the cytoskeletal and adhesive machinery that regulate cellular morphology. While much remains to be learned about the mechanisms underlying the effects of semaphorins, exciting work has begun to reveal how semaphorin signaling is fine-tuned through different receptor complexes and other mechanisms to achieve specific outcomes in various cellular contexts and physiological systems. These and future studies will lead to a more complete understanding of semaphorin-mediated development and to a greater understanding of how these proteins function in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taylor Alto
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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19
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Peacock JW, Takeuchi A, Hayashi N, Liu L, Tam KJ, Al Nakouzi N, Khazamipour N, Tombe T, Dejima T, Lee KC, Shiota M, Thaper D, Lee WC, Hui DH, Kuruma H, Ivanova L, Yenki P, Jiao IZ, Khosravi S, Mui ALF, Fazli L, Zoubeidi A, Daugaard M, Gleave ME, Ong CJ. SEMA3C drives cancer growth by transactivating multiple receptor tyrosine kinases via Plexin B1. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:219-238. [PMID: 29348142 PMCID: PMC5801490 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway activation is a key mechanism for mediating cancer growth, survival, and treatment resistance. Cognate ligands play crucial roles in autocrine or paracrine stimulation of these RTK pathways. Here, we show SEMA3C drives activation of multiple RTKs including EGFR, ErbB2, and MET in a cognate ligand-independent manner via Plexin B1. SEMA3C expression levels increase in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), where it functions to promote cancer cell growth and resistance to androgen receptor pathway inhibition. SEMA3C inhibition delays CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant progression. Plexin B1 sema domain-containing:Fc fusion proteins suppress RTK signaling and cell growth and inhibit CRPC progression of LNCaP xenografts post-castration in vivo SEMA3C inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Peacock
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Hayashi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kevin J Tam
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Dejima
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kevin Ck Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daksh Thaper
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Parvin Yenki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ivy Zf Jiao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Alice L-F Mui
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Thin and thick primary cutaneous melanomas reveal distinct patterns of somatic copy number alterations. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30365-78. [PMID: 27095580 PMCID: PMC5058686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive type of skin tumor. Early stage melanoma can be often cured by surgery; therefore current management guidelines dictate a different approach for thin (<1mm) versus thick (>4mm) melanomas. We have carried out whole-exome sequencing in 5 thin and 5 thick fresh-frozen primary cutaneous melanomas. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) identified two groups corresponding to thin and thick melanomas. The most striking difference between them was the much greater abundance of SCNAs in thick melanomas, whereas mutation frequency did not significantly change between the two groups. We found novel mutations and focal SCNAs in genes that are embryonic regulators of axon guidance, predominantly in thick melanomas. Analysis of publicly available microarray datasets provided further support for a potential role of Ephrin receptors in melanoma progression. In addition, we have identified a set of SCNAs, including amplification of BRAF and ofthe epigenetic modifier EZH2, that are specific for the group of thick melanomas that developed metastasis during the follow-up. Our data suggest that mutations occur early during melanoma development, whereas SCNAs might be involved in melanoma progression.
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Carrasco-Ramírez P, Greening DW, Andrés G, Gopal SK, Martín-Villar E, Renart J, Simpson RJ, Quintanilla M. Podoplanin is a component of extracellular vesicles that reprograms cell-derived exosomal proteins and modulates lymphatic vessel formation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16070-89. [PMID: 26893367 PMCID: PMC4941298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays crucial roles in embryonic development, the immune response, and malignant progression. Here, we report that cells ectopically or endogenously expressing PDPN release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain PDPN mRNA and protein. PDPN incorporates into membrane shed microvesicles (MVs) and endosomal-derived exosomes (EXOs), where it was found to colocalize with the canonical EV marker CD63 by immunoelectron microscopy. We have previously found that expression of PDPN in MDCK cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Proteomic profiling of MDCK-PDPN cells compared to control cells shows that PDPN-induced EMT is associated with upregulation of oncogenic proteins and diminished expression of tumor suppressors. Proteomic analysis of exosomes reveals that MDCK-PDPN EXOs were enriched in protein cargos involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, signal transduction and, importantly, intracellular trafficking and EV biogenesis. Indeed, expression of PDPN in MDCK cells stimulated both EXO and MV production, while knockdown of endogenous PDPN in human HN5 squamous carcinoma cells reduced EXO production and inhibited tumorigenesis. EXOs released from MDCK-PDPN and control cells both stimulated in vitro angiogenesis, but only EXOs containing PDPN were shown to promote lymphatic vessel formation. This effect was mediated by PDPN on the surface of EXOs, as demonstrated by a neutralizing specific monoclonal antibody. These results contribute to our understanding of PDPN-induced EMT in association to tumor progression, and suggest an important role for PDPN in EV biogenesis and/or release and for PDPN-EXOs in modulating lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carrasco-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Germán Andrés
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shashi K Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ester Martín-Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Renart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Mitsudomi T. Combined bevacizumab and erlotinib treatment in patients with lung cancer with the T790M resistance mutation. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 5:369-370. [PMID: 28408245 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Rosell R, Dafni U, Felip E, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Gautschi O, Peters S, Massutí B, Palmero R, Aix SP, Carcereny E, Früh M, Pless M, Popat S, Kotsakis A, Cuffe S, Bidoli P, Favaretto A, Froesch P, Reguart N, Puente J, Coate L, Barlesi F, Rauch D, Thomas M, Camps C, Gómez-Codina J, Majem M, Porta R, Shah R, Hanrahan E, Kammler R, Ruepp B, Rabaglio M, Kassapian M, Karachaliou N, Tam R, Shames DS, Molina-Vila MA, Stahel RA. Erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and activating EGFR mutations (BELIEF): an international, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 5:435-444. [PMID: 28408243 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib improves the outcomes of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The coexistence of the T790M resistance mutation with another EGFR mutation in treatment-naive patients has been associated with a shorter progression-free survival to EGFR inhibition than in the absence of the T790M mutation. To test this hypothesis clinically, we developed a proof-of-concept study, in which patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC were treated with the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab, stratified by the presence of the pretreatment T790M mutation. METHODS BELIEF was an international, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial done at 29 centres in eight European countries. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and had treatment-naive, pathologically confirmed stage IIIB or stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with a confirmed, activating EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation). Patients received oral erlotinib 150 mg per day and intravenous bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 21 days and were tested centrally for the pretreatment T790M resistance mutation with a peptide nucleic acid probe-based real-time PCR. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. The primary efficacy analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population and was stratified into two parallel substudies according to the centrally confirmed pretreatment T790M mutation status of enrolled patients (T790M positive or negative). The safety analysis was done in all patients that have received at least one dose of trial treatment. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01562028. FINDINGS Between June 11, 2012, and Oct 28, 2014, 109 patients were enrolled and included in the efficacy analysis. 37 patients were T790M mutation positive and 72 negative. The overall median progression-free survival was 13·2 months (95% CI 10·3-15·5), with a 12 month progression-free survival of 55% (95% CI 45-64). The primary endpoint was met only in substudy one (T790M-positive patients). In the T790M-positive group, median progression-free survival was 16·0 months (12·7 to not estimable), with a 12 month progression-free survival of 68% (50-81), whereas in the T790M-negative group, median progression-free survival was 10·5 months (9·4-14·2), with a 12 month progression-free survival of 48% (36-59). Of 106 patients included in the safety analysis, five had grade 4 adverse events (one acute coronary syndrome, one biliary tract infection, one other neoplasms, and two colonic perforations) and one died due to sepsis. INTERPRETATION The BELIEF trial provides further evidence of benefit for the combined use of erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with NSCLC harbouring activating EGFR mutations. FUNDING European Thoracic Oncology Platform, Roche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Urania Dafni
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas & National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- University Hospital Zurich, Clinic of Oncology, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Medical Oncology, Lucerne, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Département d'Oncologie, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bartomeu Massutí
- Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Oncología Médica, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ramon Palmero
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Bellvitge, Spain
| | | | - Enric Carcereny
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Martin Früh
- Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Oncology and Hematology, St Gallen, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miklos Pless
- Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Medical Oncology, Winterthur, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical Oncology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Cancer Trials Ireland and St James's Hospital, Medical Oncology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paolo Bidoli
- Ospedale San Gerardo, Oncologia Medica, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Froesch
- Instituto Oncologica Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Hospital Clínic, Medical Oncology & Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Puente
- Thoracic, Urologic & Melanoma Cancer Unit Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Coate
- University Hospital Limerick and Cancer Trials Ireland, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix Marseille University; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Rauch
- Okologiezentrum Thun-Berner Oberland, Thun, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Thomas
- Internistische Onkologie der Thoraxtumoren, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Rut Porta
- Insitut Catalan d'Oncologia and University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Emer Hanrahan
- Cancer Trials Ireland and St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roswitha Kammler
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ruepp
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Rabaglio
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Niki Karachaliou
- Institute of Oncology Rosell, University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Tam
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David S Shames
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Rolf A Stahel
- University Hospital Zurich, Clinic of Oncology, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Group of Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland.
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Wang Z, Ding M, Qian N, Song B, Yu J, Tang J, Wang J. Decreased expression of semaphorin 3D is associated with genesis and development in colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:67. [PMID: 28320475 PMCID: PMC5359842 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Semaphorin 3D (SEMA3D) plays important roles in the genesis and progress of many cancers. However, the relationship between SEMA3D and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SEMA3D can be used as a predictive marker for the diagnosis, metastasis, and prognosis of CRC by assessing the expression of SEMA3D in the tissues and serum of CRC patients. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the expression of SEMA3D mRNA in 100 CRC tissues and matched normal tissues. qPCR was also used to detect the expression of SEMA3D mRNA in the CRC cell line RKO. RKO cells were transfected with SEMA3D small-interring RNA (siRNA) to interfere with endogenous SEMA3D. The migratory ability of control and SEMA3D siRNA-transfected RKO cells was determined by transwell assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the levels of SEMA3D in the serum of 80 CRC patients and 100 normal healthy controls. The expression of SEMA3D in 215 CRC tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, statistical analyses were adopted to assess SEMA3D protein levels and clinical pathological characteristics. Results The mRNA expression of SEMA3D was significantly lower in CRC tissues than in paired normal tissues (t = 5.027, P < 0.0001). Compared with normal healthy controls, the serum levels of SEMA3D were decreased significantly in CRC patients (t = 3.656, P = 0.0003). The expression of SEMA3D protein was linked to lymph node metastasis, and low expression led to lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 8.415, P = 0.004). The expression of SEMA3D in CRC tissues was a favorable prognostic factor. Patients with a higher expression of SEMA3D experienced longer survival (P = 0.002, log-rank [Mantel-Cox]; Kaplan-Meier). In addition, multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard model revealed that SEMA3D is an independent prognostic marker (hazard ratio [HR] 1.818, 95% CI 1.063–3.110, P = 0.029). Moreover, transwell assays showed that knocking down SEMA3D significantly increased RKO cell migration (t = 9.268, P = 0.0008). Conclusions SEMA3D might function as a tumor suppressor during the formation and development of CRC. SEMA3D might become a predictive marker for the diagnosis, metastasis, and prognosis of CRC and provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiman Ding
- The Criminal Investigation Detachment of Jiaxing Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiying Qian
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Beifeng Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Gemmill RM, Nasarre P, Nair-Menon J, Cappuzzo F, Landi L, D'Incecco A, Uramoto H, Yoshida T, Haura EB, Armeson K, Drabkin HA. The neuropilin 2 isoform NRP2b uniquely supports TGFβ-mediated progression in lung cancer. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/462/eaag0528. [PMID: 28096505 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are co-receptors for heparin-binding growth factors and class 3 semaphorins. Different isoforms of NRP1 and NRP2 are produced by alternative splicing. We found that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling preferentially increased the abundance of NRP2b. NRP2b and NRP2a differ only in their carboxyl-terminal regions. Although the presence of NRP2b inhibited cultured cell proliferation and primary tumor growth, NRP2b enhanced cellular migration, invasion into Matrigel, and tumorsphere formation in cultured cells in response to TGFβ signaling and promoted metastasis in xenograft mouse models. These effects of overexpressed NRP2b contrast with the effects of overexpressed NRP2a. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced phosphorylation of the kinase AKT was specifically promoted by NRP2b, whereas inhibiting the HGF receptor MET attenuated NRP2b-dependent cell migration. Unlike NRP2a, NRP2b did not bind the PDZ domain scaffolding protein GAIP carboxyl terminus-interacting protein (GIPC1) and only weakly recruited phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), potentially explaining the difference between NRP2b-mediated and NRP2a-mediated effects. Analysis of NSCLC patient tumors showed that NRP2b abundance correlated with that of the immune cell checkpoint receptor ligand PD-L1 as well as with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes in the tumors, acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, disease progression, and poor survival in patients. NRP2b knockdown attenuated the acquisition of resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in cultured NSCLC cells. Thus, in NSCLC, NRP2b contributed to the oncogenic response to TGFβ and correlated with tumor progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joyce Nair-Menon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Lorenza Landi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, Leghorn 57100, Italy
| | - Armida D'Incecco
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, Leghorn 57100, Italy
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-related cancer that occurs most commonly in the pleural space and is incurable. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-directed signalling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of this cancer. In the majority of mesotheliomas, up-regulated expression or signalling by Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can be demonstrated. Following binding of ligand, Met relays signals that promote cell survival, proliferation, movement, invasiveness, branching morphogenesis and angiogenesis. Here we describe the HGF/Met axis and review the mechanisms that lead to the aberrant activation of this signalling system in mesothelioma. We also describe the cross-talk that occurs between HGF/Met and a number of other receptors, ligands and co-receptor systems. The prevalent occurrence of HGF/Met dysregulation in patients with mesothelioma sets the scene for the investigation of pharmaceutical inhibitors of this axis. In light of the inter-relationship between HGF/Met and other ligand receptor, combinatorial targeting strategies may provide opportunities for therapeutic advancement in this challenging tumour.
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Meyer LAT, Fritz J, Pierdant-Mancera M, Bagnard D. Current drug design to target the Semaphorin/Neuropilin/Plexin complexes. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:700-708. [PMID: 27906605 PMCID: PMC5160035 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1261785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Semaphorin/Neuropilin/Plexin (SNP) complexes control a wide range of biological processes. Consistently, activity deregulation of these complexes is associated with many diseases. The increasing knowledge on SNP had in turn validated these molecular complexes as novel therapeutic targets. Targeting SNP activities by small molecules, antibodies and peptides or by soluble semaphorins have been proposed as new therapeutic approach. This review is focusing on the latest demonstration of this potential and discusses some of the key questions that need to be addressed before translating SNP targeting into clinically relevant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A. T. Meyer
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Fritz
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Pierdant-Mancera
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
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Characterization of Semaphorin 6A-Mediated Effects on Angiogenesis Through Regulation of VEGF Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27787863 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Angiogenesis identifies the process of endothelial cell sprouting and remodeling leading to the formation of new and functional blood vessels. Vascular expansion during development and in the adult mammal provides nutrients and oxygen to areas with increased need. Although many molecules and pathways have been identified as regulators of angiogenesis, aspects of this complex process remain unclear. Particularly undefined are the signals that orchestrate vessel survival and pruning once new blood vessels have sprouted. These poorly characterized aspects of angiogenesis need exploration. This chapter describes the experiments and methods enabling the characterization of Semaphorin 6A as a critical regulator of endothelial cell survival and vessel function.
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Al-Shareef H, Hiraoka SI, Tanaka N, Shogen Y, Lee AD, Bakhshishayan S, Kogo M. Use of NRP1, a novel biomarker, along with VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, CCR7 and SEMA3E, to predict lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2444-2454. [PMID: 27666723 PMCID: PMC5055198 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis has been suggested as a major prognostic factor for oral cancer. Knockdown of the growth factors and receptors involved in these metastatic mechanisms could significantly reduce LN metastasis and improve the survival of oral cancer patients after treatment. The present study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the expression levels of the following growth factors and receptors in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue: the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‑C and VEGF‑D, which bind to the cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF receptor‑3 (VEGFR‑3); C‑C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7); neuropilin (NRP)1 and NRP2; and semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E). Furthermore, we assessed microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) to demonstrate the correlation between these factors and regional LN metastasis, with respect to the clinicopathological features. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between these proteins and overall or disease‑free survival, in order to demonstrate their prognostic value. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between LN metastasis and the expression levels of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, CCR7, NRP1, and SEMA3E, as well as LVD, in SCC cells. In contrast, multivariate analysis identified associations between LN metastasis and NRP1 expression, as well as between LN metastasis and LVD; however, no correlation was found between LN metastasis and the expression levels of the other proteins. The expression levels of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, NRP1, and SEMA3E, as well as LVD, were correlated with disease‑free survival time. These results indicate that LN metastasis is associated with poor survival in SCC. This study suggests that NRP1 expression and LVD are independent factors that are likely to predict the risk of LN metastasis in SCC of the tongue, whereas the expression of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, CCR7, and SEMA3E are non‑independent predictive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Al-Shareef
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hiraoka
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yosuke Shogen
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi-Doksa Lee
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sanam Bakhshishayan
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Benson AB, Kiss I, Bridgewater J, Eskens FALM, Sasse C, Vossen S, Chen J, Van Sant C, Ball HA, Keating A, Krivoshik A. BATON-CRC: A Phase II Randomized Trial Comparing Tivozanib Plus mFOLFOX6 with Bevacizumab Plus mFOLFOX6 in Stage IV Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5058-5067. [PMID: 27401244 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tivozanib, a selective inhibitor of VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, plus mFOLFOX6 in an advanced gastrointestinal cancer phase Ib study had encouraging antineoplastic activity and a tolerable safety profile. This randomized, open-label, phase II trial of tivozanib/mFOLFOX6 versus bevacizumab/mFOLFOX6 in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) evaluated tivozanib activity versus bevacizumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Treatment-naïve patients received mFOLFOX6 every 2 weeks of each 28-day cycle plus either tivozanib orally 1.5 mg once daily for 21 days or bevacizumab intravenously 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint; some secondary endpoints included safety, overall survival, overall response rate (ORR), duration of response, time to treatment failure, and biomarker subgroup analyses. RESULTS A prespecified interim futility analysis demonstrated that the futility boundary for superiority of tivozanib/mFOLFOX6 over bevacizumab/mFOLFOX6 for PFS in the intent-to-treat population was crossed; median PFS was 9.4 versus 10.7 months [HR = 1.091; confidence interval (CI), 0.693-1.718; P = 0.706]. Tivozanib/mFOLFOX6 resulted in PFS and ORR comparable with bevacizumab/mFOLFOX6; interim analyses biomarker results revealed no significant PFS association. Post hoc final analyses demonstrated a potential difference in tivozanib-specific PFS in patients with low neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), but not in patients with high NRP-1. Tivozanib/mFOLFOX6 was tolerable and adverse events were comparable with both bevacizumab/mFOLFOX6 and previous tivozanib studies. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of tivozanib/mFOLFOX6 was comparable with but not superior to bevacizumab/mFOLFOX6 in patients with previously untreated mCRC. Since data from the prespecified interim analysis did not demonstrate superiority, this resulted in discontinuation of the study. The safety and tolerability profile of tivozanib/mFOLFOX6 was consistent with other tivozanib trials. NRP-1 is a potential predictive biomarker for tivozanib activity, but these results require further validation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5058-67. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al B Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Igor Kiss
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John Bridgewater
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carolyn Sasse
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Sandra Vossen
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Jihong Chen
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Chip Van Sant
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Howard A Ball
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Anne Keating
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
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Battistini C, Tamagnone L. Transmembrane semaphorins, forward and reverse signaling: have a look both ways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1609-22. [PMID: 26794845 PMCID: PMC11108563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are signaling molecules playing pivotal roles not only as axon guidance cues, but are also involved in the regulation of a range of biological processes, such as immune response, angiogenesis and invasive tumor growth. The main functional receptors for semaphorins are plexins, which are large single-pass transmembrane molecules. Semaphorin signaling through plexins-the "classical" forward signaling-affects cytoskeletal remodeling and integrin-dependent adhesion, consequently influencing cell migration. Intriguingly, semaphorins and plexins can interact not only in trans, but also in cis, leading to differentiated and highly regulated signaling outputs. Moreover, transmembrane semaphorins can also mediate a so-called "reverse" signaling, by acting not as ligands but rather as receptors, and initiate a signaling cascade through their own cytoplasmic domains. Semaphorin reverse signaling has been clearly demonstrated in fruit fly Sema1a, which is required to control motor axon defasciculation and target recognition during neuromuscular development. Sema1a invertebrate semaphorin is most similar to vertebrate class-6 semaphorins, and examples of semaphorin reverse signaling in mammalians have been described for these family members. Reverse signaling is also reported for other vertebrate semaphorin subsets, e.g. class-4 semaphorins, which bear potential PDZ-domain interaction motifs in their cytoplasmic regions. Therefore, thanks to their various signaling abilities, transmembrane semaphorins can play multifaceted roles both in developmental processes and in physiological as well as pathological conditions in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Battistini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
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Gomez-Rueda H, Palacios-Corona R, Gutiérrez-Hermosillo H, Trevino V. A robust biomarker of differential correlations improves the diagnosis of cytologically indeterminate thyroid cancers. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1355-62. [PMID: 27035928 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules and subsequent cytological analysis is unable to determine the diagnosis in 15 to 30% of thyroid cancer cases; patients with indeterminate cytological results undergo diagnostic surgery which is potentially unnecessary. Current gene expression biomarkers based on well-determined cytology are complex and their accuracy is inconsistent across public datasets. In the present study, we identified a robust biomarker using the differences in gene expression values specifically from cytologically indeterminate thyroid tumors and a powerful multivariate search tool coupled with a nearest centroid classifier. The biomarker is based on differences in the expression of the following genes: CCND1, CLDN16, CPE, LRP1B, MAGI3, MAPK6, MATN2, MPPED2, PFKFB2, PTPRE, PYGL, SEMA3D, SERGEF, SLC4A4 and TIMP1. This 15-gene biomarker exhibited superior accuracy independently of the cytology in six datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid dataset. In addition, this biomarker exhibited differences in the correlation coefficients between benign and malignant samples that indicate its discriminatory power, and these 15 genes have been previously related to cancer in the literature. Thus, this 15-gene biomarker provides advantages in clinical practice for the effective diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gomez-Rueda
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Research and Innovation, Medical School, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Colonia Los Doctores, 64710 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Palacios-Corona
- Northeastern Biomedical Research Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-Hermosillo
- Department of Geriatrics, UMAE 1 CMN del Bajío, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital Aranda de la Parra, Colonia Centro, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Victor Trevino
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Research and Innovation, Medical School, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Colonia Los Doctores, 64710 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Pyatnitskiy M, Karpov D, Poverennaya E, Lisitsa A, Moshkovskii S. Bringing Down Cancer Aircraft: Searching for Essential Hypomutated Proteins in Skin Melanoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142819. [PMID: 26565620 PMCID: PMC4643971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an approach to detection of essential genes/proteins required for cancer cell survival. A gene is considered essential if a mutation with high impact upon the function of encoded protein causes death of the cancer cell. We draw an analogy between essential cancer proteins and well-known Abraham Wald's work on estimating the plane critical areas using data on survivability of aircraft encountering enemy fire. Wald reasoned that parts with no bullet holes on the airplanes returned to the airbase from a combat flight are the most crucial ones for the airplane functioning: a hit in one of these parts downs an airplane, so it does not return back for the survey. We have envisaged that the airplane surface is a cancer genome and the bullets are somatic mutations with high impact upon protein function. Similarly we propose that genes specifically essential for tumor cell survival should carry less high-impact mutations in cancer cells compared to polymorphisms found in normal cells. We used data on mutations from the Cancer Genome Atlas and polymorphisms found in healthy humans (from 1000 Genomes Project) to predict 91 protein-coding genes essential for melanoma. These genes were selected according to several criteria, including negative selection, expression in melanocytes and decrease in the proportion of high-impact mutations in cancer compared with normal cells. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed enrichment of essential proteins related to membrane and cell periphery. We speculate that this could be a sign of immune system-driven negative selection of cancer neo-antigens. Another finding is the overrepresentation of semaphorin receptors, which can mediate distinctive signaling cascades and are involved in various aspects of tumor development. Cytokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR1 were also identified as cancer essential proteins and this is confirmed by other studies. Overall, our goal was to illustrate the idea of detecting proteins whose sequence integrity and functioning is important for cancer cell survival. Hopefully, this prediction of essential cancer proteins may point to new targets for anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str, 10, Moscow, Russia
- ZAO Personal Biomedicine, 129164, Prospekt Mira, 124, 17, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Ostrovityanova str, 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Karpov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str, 10, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991, Vavilova str, 32, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Lisitsa
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str, 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Moshkovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str, 10, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Ostrovityanova str, 1, Moscow, Russia
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Trudeau ME, Chapman JAW, Guo B, Clemons MJ, Dent RA, Jong RA, Kahn HJ, Pritchard KI, Han L, O'Brien P, Shepherd LE, Parissenti AM. A phase I/II trial of epirubicin and docetaxel in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) on 2-weekly or 3-weekly schedules: NCIC CTG MA.22. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:631. [PMID: 26543765 PMCID: PMC4627986 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This phase I/II neoadjuvant trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00066443) determined maximally-tolerated doses (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities, response-to-therapy, and explored the role of novel response biomarkers. MA.22 accrued T3N0, any N2 or N3, and T4 breast cancer patients. Treatment was 6 cycles of 3-weekly (Schedule A; N = 47) or 8 cycles of 2-weekly (Schedule B; N = 46) epirubicin/docetaxel chemotherapy in sequential phase I/II studies, with growth factor support. In phase I of each schedule, MTDs were based on DLT. In phase II, clinical responses (CR/PR) and pathologic complete responses (pCR) were assessed. Tumor biopsy cores were obtained pre-, mid-, and post-treatment: 3 for pathologic assessment; 3 for microarray studies. DLT for Schedule A was febrile neutropenia at 105 mg/m2 epirubicin and 75 mg/m2 docetaxel; for schedule B, it was fatigue at 75 mg/m2 for both agents. Phase II doses were 90 mg/m2 epirubicin/75 mg/m2 docetaxel for Schedule A and 60 mg/m2 (both agents) for Schedule B. Schedule A CR/PR and pCR rates were 90 and 10 %, with large reductions in tumor RNA content and integrity following treatment; Schedule B results were 93 and 0 %, with smaller reductions in RNA quality. Pre-treatment expression of several genes was associated with clinical response, including those within a likely amplicon at 17q12 (ERBB2, TCAP, GSDMB, and PNMT). The combination regimens had acceptable toxicity, good clinical response, induction of changes in tumor RNA content and integrity. Pre-treatment expression of particular genes was associated with clinical responses, including several near 17q12, which with ERBB2, may better identify chemoresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Elizabeth Trudeau
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Judith-Anne W Chapman
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1 Canada
| | - Mark J Clemons
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Rebecca A Dent
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Roberta A Jong
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Harriette J Kahn
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Kathleen I Pritchard
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Lei Han
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Patti O'Brien
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Amadeo M Parissenti
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1 Canada
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Weber-Boyvat M, Kentala H, Lilja J, Vihervaara T, Hanninen R, Zhou Y, Peränen J, Nyman TA, Ivaska J, Olkkonen VM. OSBP-related protein 3 (ORP3) coupling with VAMP-associated protein A regulates R-Ras activity. Exp Cell Res 2014; 331:278-91. [PMID: 25447204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ORP3 is an R-Ras interacting oxysterol-binding protein homolog that regulates cell adhesion and is overexpressed in several cancers. We investigated here a novel function of ORP3 dependent on its targeting to both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM). Using biochemical and cell imaging techniques we demonstrate the mechanistic requirements for the subcellular targeting and function of ORP3 in control of R-Ras activity. We show that hyperphosphorylated ORP3 (ORP3-P) selectively interacts with the ER membrane protein VAPA, and ORP3-VAPA complexes are targeted to PM sites via the ORP3 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. A novel FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract)-like motif was identified in ORP3; only disruption of both the FFAT-like and canonical FFAT motif abolished the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulated interaction of ORP3-P with VAPA. Co-expression of ORP3 and VAPA induced R-Ras activation, dependent on the interactions of ORP3 with VAPA and the PM. Consistently, downstream AktS473 phosphorylation and β1-integrin activity were enhanced by ORP3-VAPA. To conclude, phosphorylation of ORP3 controls its association with VAPA. Furthermore, we present evidence that ORP3-VAPA complexes stimulate R-Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Weber-Boyvat
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henriikka Kentala
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Lilja
- VTT Medical Biotechnology and Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Vihervaara
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raisa Hanninen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum 1, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Peränen
- Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- VTT Medical Biotechnology and Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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