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Elgazzaz M, Woodham PC, Maher J, Faulkner JL. Implications of pregnancy on cardiometabolic disease risk: preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C646-C660. [PMID: 39010840 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension, prior to and within pregnancy are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Pregnancy-associated cardiometabolic disease poses a great risk to the short- and long-term well-being of the mother and offspring. Hypertensive pregnancy, notably preeclampsia, as well as gestational diabetes are the major diseases of pregnancy growing in prevalence as a result of growing cardiometabolic disease prevalence. The mechanisms whereby obesity, diabetes, and other comorbidities lead to preeclampsia and gestational diabetes are incompletely understood and continually evolving in the literature. In addition, novel therapeutic avenues are currently being explored in these patients to offset cardiometabolic-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclamptic and gestational diabetes pregnancies. In this review, we discuss the emerging pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes in the context of cardiometabolic risk as well as the most recent preclinical and clinical updates in the pathogenesis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elgazzaz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Padmashree C Woodham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - James Maher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jessica L Faulkner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Venkataganesh H, Sura A, Smith RM, Thrasher CA, Kelly RD, Hatcher KM, NyBlom V, Shamlian V, Kyaw NR, Belanger KM, Gannon OJ, Stephens SBZ, Zuloaga DG, Zuloaga KL. Treatment with brain specific estrogen prodrug ameliorates cognitive effects of surgical menopause in mice. Horm Behav 2024; 164:105594. [PMID: 38917776 PMCID: PMC11330726 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is an endocrine shift leading to increased vulnerability for cognitive impairment and dementia risk factors, in part due to loss of neuroprotective circulating estrogens. Systemic replacement of estrogen post-menopause has limitations, including risk for estrogen-sensitive cancers. A promising therapeutic approach therefore might be to deliver estrogen only to the brain. We examined whether we could enhance cognitive performance by delivering estrogen exclusively to the brain in ovariectomized mice (a surgical menopause model). We treated mice with the prodrug 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), which can be administered systemically but is converted to 17β-estradiol only in the brain. Young and middle-aged C57BL/6 J mice received ovariectomy and subcutaneous implant containing vehicle or DHED and underwent cognitive testing to assess memory after 1-3.5 months of treatment. Low and medium doses of DHED did not alter metabolic status in middle-aged mice. In both age groups, DHED treatment improved spatial memory in ovariectomized mice. Additional testing in middle-aged mice showed that DHED treatment improved working and recognition memory in ovariectomized mice. These results lay the foundation for future studies determining if this intervention is as efficacious in models of dementia with comorbid risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Avi Sura
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Christina A Thrasher
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Katherine M Hatcher
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Vanessa NyBlom
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience Research, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Biology 325, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Victoria Shamlian
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Nyi-Rein Kyaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kasey M Belanger
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Shannon B Z Stephens
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Damian G Zuloaga
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience Research, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Biology 325, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Ötüken Köroğlu Y, Öztürk M. Meal Frequency Does Not Affect Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Women but Affects the Body Composition: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:489-497. [PMID: 38349951 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2316636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies showing the relationship between meal frequency, weight loss and anthropometric measurements are contradictory. This study aims to determine the effect of meal frequency on weight loss, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. METHODS This is a parallel designed randomized control trial that was conducted with 40 female volunteers between the ages of 19-64 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥27 who applied to a private clinic. Participants were randomized in two treatment arms (3 meals + 3 snacks/day (n = 20) vs 3 meals/day (n = 20)) and same dietary energy restriction (-500kcal) was applied for 3 months. Food consumption was questioned with 3 day food records, and anthropometric measurements and body composition were measured before the study and repeated each week till the end of the study by the researcher. RESULTS All of the participants completed the study period. Body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2), total body fat (kg), body fat percentage (%), fat free mass (kg) and waist circumference (cm) decreased, while fat free mass percentage (%) increased significantly in both of the groups at the end of the study (p < 0.05). The rate of difference for body weight, BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm) were similar among the groups. When difference in body composition analyses was examined, the rate of reduction in total body fat (-18.82 ± 4.97% vs -14.87 ± 7.44%) and body fat percentage (%)(-10.79 ± 4.63% vs -7.68 ± 7.04%) and the rate of increase in fat free mass percentage (%)(7.65 ± 3.16% vs 5.04 ± 3.44%) were significantly higher in 3 meals + 3 snacks group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION When energy restricted and balanced weight loss programs are applied, alteration in body weight, BMI and waist circumference is not affected from meal frequency, but body composition does. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT05581862 (Date of Trial Registration: 13/10/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazgı Ötüken Köroğlu
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus
| | - Müjgan Öztürk
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus
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Niu C, Zhang J, Ukrani H, Han Y, Weerasinghe D, Balmer-Swain M, Jadhav N, Okolo PI. Reduction of cardiovascular complications during delivery hospitalization in patients undergoing bariatric procedures. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1133-1139. [PMID: 38714831 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global surge in obesity presents a significant health challenge, leading to increased adoption of bariatric surgery as an intervention. However, the correlation between bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes during subsequent pregnancies remains unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications during delivery hospitalizations in patients with bariatric procedure. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database to examine data from delivery admissions of pregnant women with obesity and a history of bariatric surgery. These admissions were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from 2009 to 2019. In comparing pregnant individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery with those with obesity but had no such surgical history, we assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular complications. RESULTS Our study included 3,027,987 pregnancies in individuals with obesity and an additional 117,350 pregnancies following bariatric surgery. Compared to patients without bariatric surgery, post-surgery patients were older (32.84 years vs 29.02 years), primarily White (59.0%), and mostly treated in large urban hospitals. Cardiovascular outcomes showcased reduced odds of congestive heart failure [Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 0.11, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.01-0.74], gestational hypertensive complications (AOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.53-0.59), and cardiac arrhythmia (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.89) in the post-surgery group, with no significant difference in peripartum cardiomyopathy rates (AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.29-1.76) and no instances of stroke or acute MI. Perinatally, the surgery cohort had higher odds of preterm birth (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.24-1.38) and fetal growth restriction (AOR 2.47, 95% CI 2.32-2.63) but fewer incidents of being large for gestational-age (AOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.32-0.38). As bariatric surgery became increasingly recognized as a significant factor in certain complications, its prevalence among the study population increased from 2009 to 2019. CONCLUSION In summary, our research indicates that bariatric surgery is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular complications during delivery. This study highlights how insights from bariatric surgery outcomes could shape clinical guidelines for managing obesity in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengu Niu
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium, Sitka, AK, 99835, USA
| | - Hina Ukrani
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
| | - Yujing Han
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dilendra Weerasinghe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
| | | | - Nagesh Jadhav
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
| | - Patrick I Okolo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
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Lu C, Liu D, Li M, Shi X, Guan J, Song G, Yin Y, Zheng M, Ma F, Liu G. GPR30 selective agonist G-1 induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized mice on high fat diet and its mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:150026. [PMID: 38701557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that estrogen receptor agonist G-1 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. This study focused on the effects of G-1 on cardiometabolic syndrome and anti-obesity under a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS Bilateral ovariectomized female mice were fed an HFD for 6 weeks, and treated them with G-1. A cardiomyocyte insulin resistance model was used to simulate the in vivo environment. The main outcome measures were blood glucose, body weight, and serum insulin levels to assess insulin resistance, while cardiac function and degree of fibrosis were assessed by cardiac ultrasound and pathological observations. We also examined the expression of p-AMPK, p-AKT, and GLUT4 in mice hearts and in vitro models to explore the mechanism by which G-1 regulates insulin signaling. RESULTS G-1 reduced body weight in mice on an HFD, but simultaneously increased blood glucose and promoted insulin resistance, resulting in myocardial damage. This damage included disordered cardiomyocytes, massive accumulation of glycogen, extensive fibrosis of the heart, and thickening of the front and rear walls of the left ventricle. At the molecular level, G-1 enhances gluconeogenesis and promotes glucose production by increasing the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) while inhibiting GLUT4 translocation via the AMPK/TBC1D1 pathway, thereby limiting glucose uptake. CONCLUSION Despite G-1's the potential efficacy in weight reduction, the concomitant induction of insulin resistance and cardiac impairment in conjunction with an HFD raises significant concerns. Therefore, comprehensive studies of its safety profile and effects under specific conditions are essential prior to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaocui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyue Guan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Guoyuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yajuan Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Waagaard L, Herraiz-Adillo Á, Ahlqvist VH, Higueras-Fresnillo S, Berglind D, Wennberg P, Daka B, Lenander C, Sundström J, Östgren CJ, Rådholm K, Henriksson P. Body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy and cardiovascular health in middle age: A cohort study. BJOG 2024; 131:1136-1145. [PMID: 38149523 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) with cardiovascular health in middle age using the 'Life's Essential 8' (LE8) concept of the American Heart Association (AHA). DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). POPULATION A total of 8871 women from SCAPIS were included. METHODS Information on cardiovascular health in middle age was collected from SCAPIS and linked to pregnancy weight data obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, with an average follow-up time of 24.5 years. An LE8 score between 0 and 100 was determined, where a score under 60 points was defined as poor cardiovascular health. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular health according to LE8 in middle age. RESULTS The odds of having poor cardiovascular health in middle age were significantly higher in women who had overweight (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 3.30, 95% CI 2.82-3.88) or obesity (aOR 7.63, 95% CI 5.86-9.94), compared with women classified as being of normal weight in pregnancy. Higher odds were also found for excessive GWG (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.57), compared with women who gained weight within the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS A high BMI in early pregnancy and excessive GWG were associated with greater odds of poor cardiovascular health in middle age. Although further studies are needed, our results highlight pregnancy as an important period to support long-term cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Waagaard
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ángel Herraiz-Adillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viktor H Ahlqvist
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Higueras-Fresnillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department Physical Education, Sport and Human Motricity, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Wellbeing, Welfare and Happiness, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bledar Daka
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lenander
- Department for Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Rådholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Tano S, Kotani T, Matsuo S, Ushida T, Imai K, Kajiyama H. Identifying the high-benefit population for weight management-based cardiovascular disease prevention in Japan. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102782. [PMID: 39026567 PMCID: PMC11257143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular-disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, and the association between obesity and CVD is particularly significant among women. Given the evidence highlighting the significance of weight-gain velosity, we aimed to elucidate its influence on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), a reliable surrogate marker of CVD, and identify the high-benefit population where this influence is most pronounced. Methods This multicenter retrospective study used electronic data from annual health checkups for workers in Japan. Individuals who voluntarily measured CAVI in 2019 were included, and weight-gain velosity was defined as the mean BMI gain from 2015 to 2019. Our primary outcome was the relationship between weight-gain velosity and CAVI. Results Among 459 individuals, 53 had CAVI ≥ 9. Random forest analysis revealed that age was the most important factor, followed by lipid metabolism, weight-gain velosity, and glucose metabolism, with sex being the least important. Non-linear regression analysis of the effect of age on CAVI ≥ 9 showed the effect was pronounced after age 60, and the trend was greater in women. Among individuals aged 60 or younger, the aOR of weight-gain velosity for CAVI ≥ 9 was significantly positive (aOR 11.95, 95 %CI 1.13-126.27), while it was not significant for those older than 60. The relationship between weight-gain velosity and CAVI provides a new perspective on CVD risk factors. The effects of age, especially after 60, and weight-gain velosity in early- to middle-adulthood on arterial stiffness are emphasized. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of weight management under age 60, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiko Matsuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Kwan AC, Wang M, Ji H, Claggett B, Ouyang D, Trivedi H, Sharma S, Shyy J, Velazquez A, Ebinger JE, Cheng S. Multi-Organ System Metabolic Stress and Sex-Divergent Vascular Associations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.06.24306949. [PMID: 38766231 PMCID: PMC11100854 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.24306949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Women experience excess cardiovascular risk compared to men in the setting of similar metabolic disease burden. This consistent finding could be related to sex differences in the vascular response to various forms of metabolic stress. In this study we examine the association of both systemic and organ-specific metabolic stress with vascular health in women and men. Methods We conducted an observational study of 4,299 adult participants (52% women, aged 59±13 years) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 cohort and 110,225 adult outpatients (55% women, aged 64±16 years) of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) 2019 cohort. We used natural splines to examine the association of systemic and organ-specific measures of metabolic stress including body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hepatic FIB-4 score, and CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on systolic blood pressure (SBP). Piecewise linear models were generated using normal value thresholds (BMI <25 kg/m 2 , HbA1c <5.7%, FIB-4 <1.3, and eGFR ≥90 ml/min), which approximated observed spline breakpoints. The primary outcome was increase in SBP (relative to a sex-specific physiologic baseline SBP) in association with increase in level of each metabolic measure. Results Women compared to men demonstrated larger magnitudes and an earlier onset of increase in SBP per increment increase across all metabolic stress measures. The slope of SBP increase per increment of each metabolic measure was greater for women than men particularly for metabolic measures within the normal range, with slope differences of 1.71 mmHg per kg/m2 of BMI, 9.61 mmHg per %HbA1c, 6.45 mmHg per FIB-4 unit, and 0.37 mmHg per ml/min decrement of eGFR in the NHANES cohort (P difference <0.05 for all). Overall results were consistent in the CSMC cohort. Conclusions Women exhibited greater vascular sensitivity in the setting of multiple types of metabolic stress, particularly in periods representing the transition from metabolic health to disease. These findings underscore the importance of involving early metabolic health interventions as part of efforts to mitigate vascular risks in both women and men.
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Park J, Park S. Association of Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Women: An Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2024; 20:183-194. [PMID: 38628618 PMCID: PMC11020303 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s442277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Handgrip strength is an indicator of overall muscle strength and has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that menopause is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women, and muscle strength decreases progressively after menopause. Despite the prognostic importance of the decline in muscle strength and increased cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal women, evidence of their association is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength and cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal, middle-aged Korean women. Patients and Methods Using pooled cohort equations, we calculated the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among postmenopausal women (N = 2019) aged 50-64 years without cardiovascular disease history from the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative grip strength was defined as measured grip strength divided by body mass index. Logistic regression analysis of a complex sampling design was performed to evaluate the association between relative grip strength and a predicted 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Results The average handgrip strength was 24.8 kg, and 5.2% of women were considered for sarcopenia (<18 kg). The quartile-stratified relative grip strength was negatively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk (p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for the highest relative grip strength quartile was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36-0.78), and that of the group who breastfed for more than 12 months was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.36-2.25) for 10-year ASCVD risk. Conclusion Increased handgrip strength may be associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk among middle-aged postmenopausal women in Korea. Our findings provide critical evidence regarding the importance of increasing handgrip strength among postmenopausal, middle-aged women to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Handgrip strength measurement might be a valuable screening tool for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Park
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
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Dutta S, Singhal AK, Suryan V, Chandra NC. Obesity: An Impact with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:168-178. [PMID: 38577137 PMCID: PMC10987439 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The authors sought to correlate the complex sequel of obesity with various parameters known to develop metabolic syndrome viz. insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension etc., as these anomalies are linked to vascular atherosclerosis and outbreak of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A comprehensive online survey using MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for relevant journals from 1970 till present time (2023) with key search terms like: 'obesity', 'leptin', type-2 diabetes', 'atherosclerosis', 'cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases'. The findings of the reports were compared and correlated. The information was then collated for developing this review. Reports showed that in human obesity, hyper-leptinemia could induce hyperglycemia, which in turn templates hypercholesterolemia. Persisting hypercholesterolemia over a period of time may en-route atherosclerosis in blood vessels. Thus obesity has been considered as a template for originating hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and outbreak of vascular atherogenesis or in other words, obesity in long run can trigger atherosclerosis and its related disorders e.g. heart attack and stroke. Literature survey shows that primarily, co-morbidities of human obesity start with leptin and insulin resistance and then multiplies with metabolic irregularities to an extreme that results in pathogenesis of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis associated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are independent risks of obese subjects and particularly in the cases of persisting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savi Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505 India
| | - A. K. Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505 India
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Al Falah School of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Varsha Suryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505 India
- Present Address: Department of Paramedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505 India
| | - Nimai Chand Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505 India
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11
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Al Akl NS, Khalifa O, Habibullah M, Arredouani A. Salivary α-amylase activity is associated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese, non-diabetic Qatari women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1348853. [PMID: 38562410 PMCID: PMC10982335 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1348853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity, prevalent in approximately 80% of Qatar's adult population, increases the risk of complications like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Predictive biomarkers are crucial for preventive strategies. Salivary α-amylase activity (sAAa) inversely correlates with obesity and insulin resistance in adults and children. However, the connection between sAAa and cardiometabolic risk factors or chronic low-grade inflammation markers remains unclear. This study explores the association between serum sAAa and adiposity markers related to cardiovascular diseases, as well as markers indicative of chronic low-grade inflammation. Methods Serum samples and clinical data of 1500 adult, non-diabetic, Overweight/Obese participants were obtained from Qatar Biobank (QBB). We quantified sAAa and C reactive protein (CRP) levels with an autoanalyzer. Cytokines, adipokines, and adiponectin of a subset of 228 samples were quantified using a bead-based multiplex assay. The associations between the sAAa and the adiposity indices and low-grade inflammatory protein CRP and multiple cytokines were assessed using Pearson's correlation and adjusted linear regression. Results The mean age of the participants was 36 ± 10 years for both sexes of which 76.6% are women. Our analysis revealed a significant linear association between sAAa and adiposity-associated biomarkers, including body mass index β -0.032 [95% CI -0.049 to -0.05], waist circumference β -0.05 [95% CI -0.09 to -0.02], hip circumference β -0.052 [95% CI -0.087 to -0.017], and HDL β 0.002 [95% CI 0.001 to 0.004], albeit only in women. Additionally, sAAa demonstrated a significant positive association with adiponectin β 0.007 [95% CI 0.001 to 0.01]while concurrently displaying significant negative associations with CRP β -0.02 [95% CI -0.044 to -0.0001], TNF-α β -0.105 [95% CI -0.207 to -0.004], IL-6 β [95% CI -0.39 -0.75 to -0.04], and ghrelin β -5.95 [95% CI -11.71 to -0.20], specifically within the female population. Conclusion Our findings delineate significant associations between sAAa and markers indicative of cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation among overweight/obese adult Qatari females. Subsequent investigations are warranted to elucidate the nuances of these gender-specific associations comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neyla S. Al Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Carpio-Arias TV, Guijarro-Garvi M, Ruiz-Cantero MT. [Effect of gender equality on mortality from non-communicable diseases]. GACETA SANITARIA 2024; 38:102369. [PMID: 38377629 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relate gender inequalities with the probability of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCD), in the countries of the world from the year 2000 to 2019, to detect the progress of Target 3.4 of the Sustainable Development Goal 3, to reduce NCD by one third between the ages of 30 and 70 by 2030. METHOD Exploratory ecological study on the association between the probability of death from NCD and the gender inequality index (GII) at the global level in 2000, 2015 and 2019. Logistic regression estimation of the risk of not being on track to meet Target 3.4 by 2019 by gender inequality. RESULTS The mean probability of death from NCD decreased progressively in all countries. Median 2000/2015/2019: women 20.20/16.58/16; men 26.59/22.45/21.88; total 23.14/20.10/19.23. The risk of not achieving the goal in 2019 is greater in countries with a lower GII than in countries with a higher GII (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.14-3.99; p=0.018), being the higher risk in women (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.40-5.06; p=0.003) than in men (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.44-3.98; p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS The risk of deaths from NCD has decreased in both sexes in all countries of the world since the year 2000; but progress is slow, so the greater gender inequality in the countries, there is a greater risk of not achieving the reduction needed to comply with the agreement to reduce mortality from NCD by one third in 2030; this risk being greater in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannia Valeria Carpio-Arias
- Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Facultad de Salud Pública, Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador.
| | | | - María Teresa Ruiz-Cantero
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
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13
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Lubrano C, Parisi F, Coco C, Marelli E, Burello E, Cetin I. Associations between Maternal Nutritional Status, Hemodynamic Parameters, and Delivery Outcomes in Low-Risk Pregnancies: A Prospective Observational Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:183. [PMID: 38257076 PMCID: PMC10819587 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutritional status represents a pivotal predictor of pregnancy outcome. This prospective observational study investigates the associations between maternal characteristics and nutritional habits at term, hemodynamic parameters, and pregnancy outcomes. Healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies were enrolled at 36-41 gestational weeks. At enrollment, a nutritional score (0-10) was calculated in order to quantify maternal adherence to a healthy diet and lifestyle. Maternal hemodynamic parameters were assessed by using the Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM), including cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and Smith-Madigan inotropy index (SMII). Pregnancy outcomes were recorded at delivery. Associations between maternal characteristics and nutritional score, hemodynamic parameters, and pregnancy outcomes were investigated by using multi-adjusted generalized linear models. In total, 143 pregnancies were enrolled. Pregestational body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with SVR, and negatively associated with CO and SMII. Additionally, a positive association was detected between the nutritional score and SMII. Finally, CO was positively associated with birth and placental weight, while RVS showed a negative association with birth and placental weight. This study shows that maternal derangements in nutritional status and habits are associated with a compromised hemodynamic profile at term, with additional impacts on intrauterine growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lubrano
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Coco
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Burello
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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14
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Huang J, Wu Y, Li H, Cui H, Zhang Q, Long T, Zhang Y, Li M. Weight Management during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Summary of Current Evidence and Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:5022. [PMID: 38140280 PMCID: PMC10746048 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important strategy that can be utilized to reduce the risk of short- and long-term complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We conducted a systematic review to assess and synthesize evidence and recommendations on weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women with GDM to provide evidence-based clinical guidance. METHODS Nine databases and eighteen websites were searched for clinical decisions, guidelines, recommended practices, evidence summaries, expert consensus, and systematic reviews. RESULTS A total of 12,196 records were retrieved and fifty-five articles were included in the analysis. Sixty-nine pieces of evidence were summarized, sixty-two of which focused on pregnancy, including benefits, target population, weight management goals, principles, weight monitoring, nutrition assessment and counseling, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, fiber intake, vitamin and mineral intake, water intake, dietary supplements, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweeteners, alcohol, coffee, food safety, meal arrangements, dietary patterns, exercise assessment and counseling, exercise preparation, type of exercise, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, duration of exercise, exercise risk prevention, and pregnancy precautions, and seven focused on the postpartum period, including target population, benefits, postpartum weight management goals, postpartum weight monitoring, dietary recommendations, exercise recommendations, and postpartum precautions. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers can develop comprehensive pregnancy and postpartum weight management programs for women with GDM based on the sixty-nine pieces of evidence. However, because of the paucity of evidence on postpartum weight management in women with GDM, future guidance documents should focus more on postpartum weight management in women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Hua Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Hangyu Cui
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Tianxue Long
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
| | - Mingzi Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (J.H.)
- School of Nursing, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Lee H, Moyo GT, Theophilus RJ, Oldewage-Theron W. Association of Dietary Changes with Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Adults in Sharpeville, South Africa, from 2004 to 2014. Nutrients 2023; 15:4751. [PMID: 38004145 PMCID: PMC10675501 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary changes with risk factors of type 2 diabetes among older populations in Sharpeville, South Africa. A 24 h recall assessment, dietary diversity, and anthropometrics were measured. Blood samples were collected to assess fasting glucose and insulin. Regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The mean BMI of the total of 103 participants was 30.63 kg/m2 at baseline and 29.66 kg/m2 at follow-up. Significantly higher BMI levels were reported in women than men both at baseline (p = 0.003) and follow-up (p = 0.009). Waist circumference significantly decreased from 96.20 cm to 93.16 cm (p = 0.046). The mean levels of HOMA-B significantly increased from 88.99 to 111.19 (p = 0.021). BMI was positively associated with intakes of total energy (p = 0.22), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.050), and cholesterol (p = 0.006). Waist circumference was strongly associated with total energy (p = 0.048), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.037), trans fatty acids (p = 0.039), and cholesterol (p = 0.000). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were associated with intakes of fat (HOMA-IR: p = 0.013; HOMA-B: p = 0.040) and monounsaturated fatty acids (HOMA-IR: p = 0.003; HOMA-B: p = 0.040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gugulethu T. Moyo
- Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Rufus J. Theophilus
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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16
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Rathnayake N, Alwis G, Lenora J, Lekamwasam S. Associations between body composition and cardiovascular disease risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:110. [PMID: 37848999 PMCID: PMC10583431 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause transition is a critical phase of women's life since body composition and cardiovascular risk factors begin to change during this period. This study investigated the associations between body composition and cardiovascular disease risk (CVDR) in pre (PrMW) and postmenopausal women (PMW). METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study involving 184 PrMW and 166 PMW, selected randomly from Bope-Poddala area in Galle, Sri Lanka was carried out. Total-body fat mass (TBFM, kg), total body skeletal muscle mass (TBSMM, kg), total body bone mineral density (TBBMD, g/cm2) and total body bone mineral content (TBBMC, g) were measured with total body DXA scanner and they were taken as indices of body composition. CVDR was evaluated using Framingham risk score (FRS%) and individual CVDR factors, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg), fasting blood sugar (FBS, mg/dl), total cholesterol, (TC, mg/dl), tryglycerides (TG, mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein (HDL, mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mg/dl). Correlations between indices of body composition and CVDR factors were assessed with adjusted partial correlation (adjusted for socio-demographic and gynecologic status, age, daily calorie consumption and physical activity level). RESULTS Mean(SD) age of PrMW and PMW were 42.4(6.0) and 55.8(3.8) years respectively. TBFM correlated with SBP and DBP (r range; 0.15 to 0.21) and TBSMM correlated with SBP, DBP and HDL (r range; - 0.24 to 0.17) only in PrMW (p < 0.05). TBBMD correlated only with FBS in PMW (r; - 0.21, p = 0.01). TBBMC did not show correlations with CVDR factors (p > 0.05). Body composition indices did not show correlations with total CVDR estimated by FRS and in both groups of women (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both SBP and DBP are associated with FM and SMM in different ways among PrMW. This association, however, was not seen among PMW. FBS is associated with BMD only in PMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Rathnayake
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Gayani Alwis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Janaka Lenora
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarath Lekamwasam
- Population Health Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
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Baumer Y, Singh K, Baez AS, Gutierrez-Huerta CA, Chen L, Igboko M, Turner BS, Yeboah JA, Reger RN, Ortiz-Whittingham LR, Bleck CK, Mitchell VM, Collins BS, Pirooznia M, Dagur PK, Allan DS, Muallem-Schwartz D, Childs RW, Powell-Wiley TM. Social Determinants modulate NK cell activity via obesity, LDL, and DUSP1 signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.556825. [PMID: 37745366 PMCID: PMC10515802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Adverse social determinants of health (aSDoH) are associated with obesity and related comorbidities like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Obesity is also associated with natural killer cell (NK) dysregulation, suggesting a potential mechanistic link. Therefore, we measured NK phenotypes and function in a cohort of African-American (AA) women from resource-limited neighborhoods. Obesity was associated with reduced NK cytotoxicity and a shift towards a regulatory phenotype. In vitro, LDL promoted NK dysfunction, implicating hyperlipidemia as a mediator of obesity-related immune dysregulation. Dual specific phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) was induced by LDL and was upregulated in NK cells from subjects with obesity, implicating DUSP1 in obesity-mediated NK dysfunction. In vitro, DUSP1 repressed LAMP1/CD107a, depleting NK cells of functional lysosomes to prevent degranulation and cytokine secretion. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic links between aSDoH, obesity, and immune dysregulation that could be leveraged to improve outcomes in marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S. Baez
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian A. Gutierrez-Huerta
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muna Igboko
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Briana S. Turner
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josette A. Yeboah
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert N. Reger
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lola R. Ortiz-Whittingham
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K.E. Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valerie M. Mitchell
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Billy S. Collins
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S.J. Allan
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Richard W. Childs
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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López-González ÁA, Albaladejo Blanco M, Vidal Ribas C, Tomás-Gil P, Riutord Sbert P, Ramírez-Manent JI. Determination of the Level of Cardiovascular Risk in 172,282 Spanish Working Women. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2734. [PMID: 37685272 PMCID: PMC10487210 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction, objectives: Although cardiovascular events have been traditionally associated mainly with men, some data reflect an increase in women, which may even exceed their male counterparts, constituting the leading cause of death in working women in Spain. The objective of this present study was to analyze the level of cardiovascular risk in Spanish working women by assessing the influence of age, type of work, and tobacco consumption. MATERIAL, METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 172,282 working women from different Spanish geographical areas and from different companies between January 2018 and June 2020. A range of variables and risk factors were assessed and various cardiovascular risk scales were used to analyze the data. RESULTS An increase in cardiovascular risk was observed in the least qualified work groups, mainly corresponding to blue-collar workers, when using the SCORE or REGICOR risk equation. The prevalence of altered values for all the parameters analyzed (overweight and obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, fatty liver, hepatic fibrosis, atherogenic indexes, and cardiovascular risk scales) was higher among blue-collar women. Age was the only factor that influenced all the cardiovascular risk scales studied, increasing risk when comparing the group of women aged 50 years and older with the others. CONCLUSIONS Aging and belonging to the blue-collar job category meant worse results in the cardiovascular risk scales and in all the parameters analyzed. This is in line with numerous studies that argue that age and zip code are more influential than genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Arturo López-González
- Faculty of Odontology, ADEMA University School, 07009 Palma, Spain; (Á.A.L.-G.); (P.R.S.)
- IdisBa (Balearic Islands Health Research Institute), 07004 Palma, Spain;
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD IUNICS, 07003 Palma, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pere Riutord Sbert
- Faculty of Odontology, ADEMA University School, 07009 Palma, Spain; (Á.A.L.-G.); (P.R.S.)
| | - José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent
- IdisBa (Balearic Islands Health Research Institute), 07004 Palma, Spain;
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD IUNICS, 07003 Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Service, 07003 Palma, Spain; (M.A.B.); (C.V.R.)
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma, Spain
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Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Venkataganesh H, Sura A, Smith RM, Thrasher CA, Kelly RD, Hatcher KM, NyBlom V, Shamlian V, Kyaw NR, Belanger KM, Gannon OJ, Stephens SB, Zuloaga DG, Zuloaga KL. Brain Specific Estrogen Ameliorates Cognitive Effects of Surgical Menopause in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552687. [PMID: 37609180 PMCID: PMC10441397 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a major endocrinological shift that leads to an increased vulnerability to the risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia. This is thought to be due to the loss of circulating estrogens, which exert many potent neuroprotective effects in the brain. Systemic replacement of estrogen post-menopause has many limitations, including increased risk for estrogen-sensitive cancers. A more promising therapeutic approach therefore might be to deliver estrogen only to the brain thus limiting adverse peripheral side effects. We examined whether we could enhance cognitive performance by delivering estrogen exclusively to the brain in post-menopausal mice. We modeled surgical menopause via bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). We treated mice with the pro-drug 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), which can be administered systemically but is converted to 17β-estradiol only in the brain. Young (2.5-month) and middle-aged (11-month-old) female C57BL/6J mice received ovariectomy and a subcutaneous implant containing vehicle (cholesterol) or DHED. At 3.5 months old (young group) and 14.5 months old (middle-aged group), mice underwent behavior testing to assess memory. DHED did not significantly alter metabolic status in middle-aged, post-menopausal mice. In both young and middle-aged mice, the brain-specific estrogen DHED improved spatial memory. Additional testing in middle-aged mice also showed that DHED improved working and recognition memory. These promising results lay the foundation for future studies aimed at determining if this intervention is as efficacious in models of dementia that have comorbid risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E. Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Avi Sura
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Christina A. Thrasher
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Richard D. Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M. Hatcher
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa NyBlom
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience Research, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Shamlian
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nyi-Rein Kyaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kasey M. Belanger
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Olivia J. Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Shannon B.Z. Stephens
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Damian G. Zuloaga
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience Research, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kristen L. Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
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20
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Wilkins EG, Sun B, Thomas AS, Alabaster A, Greenberg M, Sperling JD, Walton DL, Alves J, Gunderson EP. Low gestational weight gain (+2.0 to 4.9 kg) for singleton-term gestations associated with favorable perinatal outcomes for all prepregnancy obesity classes. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100246. [PMID: 37645655 PMCID: PMC10461248 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that evaluated low gestational weight gain or weight loss among prepregnancy obesity classes have not determined the amount of gestational weight gain associated with the lowest risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and neonatal morbidity among singleton term births. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of specific gestational weight gain categories of weight loss, stable weight, and low gain considered below the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines to perinatal outcomes and neonatal morbidity for singleton, term live births among prepregnancy obesity classes. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of 18,476 women among 3 classes of prepregnancy obesity, based on measured prepregnancy weight, and delivering a live singleton pregnancy at ≥37 weeks of gestation at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospital (2009-2012). Variables from electronic medical records included perinatal outcomes, sociodemographics, and measured prepregnancy and delivery weights to calculate total gestational weight gain, used to define 5 gestational weight gain categories: weight loss (<-2.0 kg), stable weight (-2.0 to +1.9 kg), low gain (+2.0 to 4.9 kg), gain within guidelines (+5.0 to 9.1 kg; referent), and gain above guidelines (>9.1 kg). Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of maternal and newborn perinatal outcomes (hypertensive disorders, cesarean delivery, size for gestational age, length of stay, neonatal intensive care unit admission) associated with gestational weight gain categories stratified by prepregnancy obesity classes 1, 2, and 3. RESULTS Low gain occurred in 8%, 12%, and 13% of women in obesity class 1 (body mass index, 30.0-34.9), class 2 (body mass index, 35.0-39.9), and class 3 (body mass index, ≥40), respectively. Compared with gestational weight gain within Institute of Medicine guidelines, low gain was associated with similar or improved maternal and newborn perinatal outcomes for all obesity classes without increased odds of neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal length of stay ≥3 days, or small for gestational age. The percentages of small for gestational age for the low gain category were 4.4%, 3.0%, and 4.3% among prepregnancy obesity classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and comparable with the gestational weight gain within the guideline category (P>.05). The adjusted odds ratios of small-for-gestational age were not statistically significant for all obesity classes; class 1 (1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.71) , class 2 (1.05; 95% confidence interval 0.58-1.93), and class 3 (2.03; 95% confidence interval 0.97-4.27). CONCLUSION Lower gestational weight gain of +2.0 to 4.9 kg showed the most favorable perinatal outcomes, without higher small for gestational age or neonatal morbidity for all obesity classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia G. Wilkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Richmond Medical Center, CA (Dr Wilkins)
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (Mses Sun, Thomas, and Alabaster and Drs Alves and Gunderson)
| | - Alexis S. Thomas
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (Mses Sun, Thomas, and Alabaster and Drs Alves and Gunderson)
| | - Amy Alabaster
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (Mses Sun, Thomas, and Alabaster and Drs Alves and Gunderson)
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA (Dr Greenberg)
| | - Jeffrey D. Sperling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Modesto Medical Center, Modesto, CA (Dr Sperling)
| | | | - Jasmin Alves
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (Mses Sun, Thomas, and Alabaster and Drs Alves and Gunderson)
| | - Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (Mses Sun, Thomas, and Alabaster and Drs Alves and Gunderson)
- Department of Health System Sciences, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA (Dr Gunderson)
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21
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Choi JH, Kim SW, Seo J, Sun Y, Jung WS, Park HY, Kim J, Lim K. Effects of a Mobile-Health Exercise Intervention on Body Composition, Vascular Function, and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1601-1615. [PMID: 37313274 PMCID: PMC10259526 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s406905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study verified the effect of an m-health exercise intervention using a 12-week exercise program on body composition, vascular function, and the ANS. Patients and Methods Thirty obese adult women participants were randomized (n = 15 each) into the experimental (EXP) group, those who performed mobile-health (m-health) exercises using a wearable device (Charge 4, Fitbit, USA) and AI-fit web page, or the control (CON) group, those who continued their daily activities as before. Muscle function, cardiorespiratory endurance, and flexibility were assessed during the exercise program using the AI-fit web page and wearable device. The EXP group participated in exercise interventions using the m-health system for 12 weeks, while the CON group was encouraged to maintain their normal daily routines. Body composition, vascular function, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results Significant decreases were noted in fat mass (Post - Pre: -1.47 kg; p < 0.001) and percent body fat (Post - Pre: -2.11%; p < 0.05). Flow-mediated dilatation (Post - Pre: 2.63%; p < 0.001) was significantly increased, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (Post - Pre: -91.49 cm·sec-1; p < 0.01) was significantly decreased. RMSSD (Post - Pre: 10.43 ms; p < 0.01), NN50 (Post-Pre: 24.04; p < 0.05), pNN50 (Post - Pre: 7.70%; p < 0.05) and HF (Post-Pre: 179.60 ms2; p < 0.05) increased significantly. Conclusion In conclusion, m-health exercise interventions using AI fit and wearable devices are effective in preventing obesity and improving vascular function, and ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sang Jung
- Department of Senior Exercise Prescription, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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22
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da Silva EKP, Barreto SM, Brant LCC, Camelo LV, Araújo EMD, Griep RH, Fonseca MDJMD, Pereira ADC, Giatti L. Gender, race/skin colour and incidence of hypertension in ELSA-Brasil: an intersectional approach. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:469-487. [PMID: 35968763 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2022.2108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Race and gender inequities in the incidence of hypertension (HTN) are well documented; however, few empirical investigations looked into these associations, considering the synergies and heterogeneous experiences of intersectional gender and race/skin colour groups. This study investigated the association of intersectional identities defined by gender and race/skin colour with HTN incidence, and verified whether they are affected by educational level in adulthood. DESIGN We used the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) data to estimate the incidence of HTN between visits 1 (2008-2010) and 2 (2012-2014), in 8528 participants without hypertension at visit 1. HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution and log link function were used to assess the associations. RESULTS The incidence of HTN was 43.4/1000 person-years, ranging from 30.5/1000 in White women to 59.4/1000 in Black men. After adjusting by age and family history of HTN, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was higher in Black men (2.25; 95%CI: 1.65-3.08), Brown (Pardo) men (1.89; 95%CI: 1.59-2.25), Black women (1.85; 95%CI: 1.50-2.30), Brown (Parda) women (1.47; 95%CI: 1.31-1.67) and White men (1.76; 95%CI: 1.49-2.08), compared to White women. These associations were maintained even after considering socioeconomic, behavioural and health mediators in the model. No interaction was found between education level and intersectional identities in the IRRs observed. CONCLUSION By using an intersectional approach, we showed the complex relations between race/skin colour and gender inequities in the incidence of HTN, pointing not only that Black men have the highest risk of developing HTN, but also that the risk of HTN is greater in Black women than in White men, when compared to White women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculty of Medicine & Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Lidyane V Camelo
- Faculty of Medicine & Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria de Araújo
- Department of Health, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Faculty of Medicine & Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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23
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Kazama M, Terauchi M, Odai T, Kato K, Miyasaka N. Associations of fat mass index with hot flashes and lean mass index with insomnia in middle-aged women. Climacteric 2023; 26:161-166. [PMID: 36779531 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2173566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between body composition and physical and mental symptom severity in middle-aged women. METHODS The first-visit records of 554 women aged 40-64 years were examined. The fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) were defined as fat mass and lean mass divided by the height squared, respectively. The participants were divided into two groups according to their median values. RESULTS The only menopausal symptom with significantly different severity between the high and low FMI groups was hot flashes (HF) on the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. The factors associated with severe HF were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting, the FMI (kg/m2) was independently positively associated with severe HF (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.15). Insomnia was the only menopausal symptom with significantly different severity between the LMI groups (defined as Athens Insomnia Scale score ≥10 points). The factors associated with moderate-to-severe insomnia were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting, the LMI (kg/m2) was independently negatively associated with moderate-to-severe insomnia (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.94). CONCLUSIONS The FMI was positively associated with severe HF, whereas the LMI was negatively associated with moderate-to-severe insomnia in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Terauchi
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Odai
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kato
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Li J, Sun H, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang G. Apolipoprotein C3 is negatively associated with estrogen and mediates the protective effect of estrogen on hypertriglyceridemia in obese adults. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:29. [PMID: 36855114 PMCID: PMC9972754 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both estrogen and apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) play crucial roles in lipid metabolism. But the link between them remains unclear, and it is unknown whether estrogen regulates triglyceride (TG) levels via ApoC3. Researchers hypothesized that estrogen exerts a regulatory effect on ApoC3 metabolism, and that this regulation could play a significant role in lipid metabolism. To explore this potential link, the present investigation aimed to examine the associations between estradiol (E2), ApoC3, and TG levels in both males and females. METHODS A total of 519 obese people (133 males and 386 premenopausal females) were recruited. Based on their TG levels, the participants were split into two groups [hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) group: TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; control group: TG < 1.7 mmol/L]. Serum ApoC3, E2, and TG levels were measured and compared in those two groups for both sexes separately. To ascertain the connection among E2, ApoC3, and TG, linear regression and mediation analysis were used. RESULTS Participants in the HTG group presented higher levels of ApoC3 (P < 0.001). In contrast, they tend to have lower E2 levels than the control. Linear regression analysis proposed that in both sexes, E2 was negatively associated with ApoC3 levels. The relationship remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors (male: standardized β = -0.144, t = -2.392, P < 0.05; female: standardized β = -0.077, t = -2.360, P < 0.001). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed the relationship between reduced E2 levels and elevated TG levels is directly mediated by ApoC3. CONCLUSIONS In obese men and premenopausal women, ApoC3 was negatively and linearly correlated with serum E2 levels. The findings showed that estrogen may suppress ApoC3 expression and thus lower TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Li
- grid.411607.5Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Honglin Sun
- grid.411607.5Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.411607.5Department of Medical Examination, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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25
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Rinkūnienė E, Petrulionytė E, Dženkevičiūtė V, Petrulionienė Ž, Senulytė A, Puronaitė R, Laucevičius A. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Lithuanian women in different body mass index and waist circumference groups. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:27-32. [PMID: 36528550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Lithuanian women in different body mass index and waist circumference groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Data selected from the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk (LitHiR) primary prevention program between 2009 and 2016. This community-based cross-sectional study comprised 53,961 women aged 50-64 years old. We compared the prevalence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and metabolic syndrome in different body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) groups. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factor was dyslipidaemia (91.71%, n = 49,488). The prevalence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome was greater in those with higher-than-normal BMI and WC. Smoking was the most prevalent in women with low BMI and normal WC (24.00% and 13.17% respectively). CONCLUSION The analysis showed that all risk factors, except smoking, were significantly more prevalent in women with higher-than-normal BMI and with increased WC or abdominal obesity. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was surprisingly high in all BMI and WC groups. Obesity measured by WC was more strongly associated with an adverse metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roma Puronaitė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; State research institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; State research institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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26
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He L, Fan B, Li C, Qu Y, Liu Y, Zhang T. Association between Body Mass Index and Diabetes Mellitus Are Mediated through Endogenous Serum Sex Hormones among Menopause Transition Women: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1831. [PMID: 36767197 PMCID: PMC9914507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether and to what extent endogenous sex hormones mediate the association between overweight and diabetes risk in menopausal transition women. METHODS Premenopausal women were from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, with measurements of serum sex hormone including sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) in first postmenopausal follow-up. At the last postmenopausal follow-up, hyperglycemia status was confirmed. The partial least squares (PLS) regression method was used to extract hormonal signals associated with body mass index (BMI). Hyperglycemia was defined as individuals with prediabetes or diabetes; overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Causal mediation analysis was used to examine the mediation effect on the association between perimenopause overweight and post-menopause hyperglycemia through PLS score and individual sex hormones. RESULTS The longitudinal study included 1438 normal glucose women with a baseline mean age (SD) of 46.5 (2.6) years and a mean follow-up period of 9.9 years. During the follow-up period, 145 (10.1) cases of hyperglycemia occurred. Compared with normal-weight participants, overweight women were associated with a higher hyperglycemia risk during the transition period (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.52 to 6.80). Overweight women had higher T, E2, and lower SHBG, FSH, and DAHS concentrations (β = 0.26, 0.38, -0.52, -0.52, and -0.13, p < 0.05 for all). After adjusting for overweight and covariates, lower SHBG and FSH levels were associated with higher hyperglycemia risk (OR = 0.70 and 0.69, all p < 0.05). As a linear combination of sex hormones, the PLS score was positively associated with T, E2, and negatively with SHBG, FSH, and DHAS. PLS score interpreted 36.50% (p < 0.001) of the overweight-hyperglycemia association. Considering single-sex hormones, the mediation proportion of SHBG and FSH were 21.38% (p < 0.001) and 24.08% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sex hormones mediated the association of overweight and diabetes risk in menopause transition women. SHBG and FSH have the dominant mediation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yanlin Qu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
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27
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Methenitis S, Papadopoulou SK, Panayiotou G, Kaprara A, Hatzitolios A, Skepastianos P, Karali K, Feidantsis K. Nutrition, body composition and physical activity have differential impact on the determination of lipidemic blood profiles between young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:25-33. [PMID: 36641266 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study explored whether nutrition, body composition, and physical activity energy expenditure (PAΕΝ) have a differential impact on lipidemic blood profiles among young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations. METHODS One hundred thirty-five young female students (N = 135) were allocated into three groups according to their blood cholesterol concentrations (Chol): (A) Normal [NL; Chol: < 200 mg·dL-1; n = 56 Age: 21.4 ± 2.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.1 ± 2.0 kg·m-2], (B) Borderline (BL; Chol: ≥200 mg·dL-1 and <240 mg·dL-1; n = 44 Age: 21.6 ± 2.5 yrs, BMI: 24.2 ± 3.1 kg·m-2) and (C) High level (HL; Chol: ≥240 mg·dL-1; n = 35 Age: 22.5 ± 2.4 yrs, BMI: 28.9 ± 2.1 kg·m-2). Body composition [bioelectrical impedance analysis including lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass], nutritional intake (recall questionnaire), daily physical activity energy expenditure through activity trackers and resting blood lipids concentrations were evaluated. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that in the NL group, lean mass, daily PAΕΝ and daily energy balance were the determinant parameters of blood lipidemic profiles (B: -0.815 to 0.700). In the BL group, nutrition, body composition and daily physical activity energy expenditure exhibited similar impacts (B: -0.440 to 0.478). In the HL group, nutritional intake and body fat mass determined blood lipidemic profile (B: -0.740 to 0.725). CONCLUSION Nutrition, body composition and daily PAΕΝ impact on blood lipids concentration is not universal among young females. In NL females, PAEN, energy expenditure and LBM are the strongest determinants of blood lipids, while in HL females, nutritional intake and body fat mass are. As PAΕΝ increases, the importance of nutrition and body fat decreases, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-17237, Greece; Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece; Theseus, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Panayiotou
- Laboratory of Exercise, Health and Human Performance, Applied Sport Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Athina Kaprara
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Apostolos Hatzitolios
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Karali
- 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Magni V, Capra D, Cozzi A, Monti CB, Mobini N, Colarieti A, Sardanelli F. Mammography biomarkers of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health: A review. Maturitas 2023; 167:75-81. [PMID: 36308974 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast density (BD) and breast arterial calcifications (BAC) can expand the role of mammography. In premenopause, BD is related to body fat composition: breast adipose tissue and total volume are potential indicators of fat storage in visceral depots, associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Women with fatty breast have an increased likelihood of hypercholesterolemia. Women without cardiometabolic diseases with higher BD have a lower risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chest pain, and peripheral vascular disease, while those with lower BD are at increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. BAC, the expression of Monckeberg sclerosis, are associated with CVD risk. Their prevalence, 13 % overall, rises after menopause and is reduced in women aged over 65 receiving hormonal replacement therapy. Due to their distinct pathogenesis, BAC are associated with hypertension but not with other cardiovascular risk factors. Women with BAC have an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and CVD death; furthermore, moderate to severe BAC load is associated with coronary artery disease. The clinical use of BAC assessment is limited by their time-consuming manual/visual quantification, an issue possibly solved by artificial intelligence-based approaches addressing BAC complex topology as well as their large spectrum of extent and x-ray attenuations. A link between BD, BAC, and osteoporosis has been reported, but data are still inconclusive. Systematic, standardised reporting of BD and BAC should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Magni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Capra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cozzi
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.
| | - Caterina B Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Nazanin Mobini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Anna Colarieti
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy; Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.
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MiR-19 Family Impairs Adipogenesis by the Downregulation of the PPARγ Transcriptional Network. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415792. [PMID: 36555437 PMCID: PMC9779654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous RNA that play pivotal roles in both the differentiation and function of adipocytes during the development of obesity. Despite this, only a few miRNA families have been identified as key players in adipogenesis. Here, we show the relevance of the miR-19 family, miR-19a and miR-19b, in lipid accumulation and the expansion of the adipose tissue in obesity. We observed that miR-19s were upregulated in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) of human patients with morbid obesity, whereas after bariatric surgery, their expression was reduced. In vitro experiments identified miR-19a and b as crucial actors in adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Overall, our results suggest a novel role of the miR-19 family in the regulatory networks underlying adipogenesis and, therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Oliveira GMMD, Almeida MCCD, Marques-Santos C, Costa MENC, Carvalho RCMD, Freire CMV, Magalhães LBNC, Hajjar LA, Rivera MAM, Castro MLD, Avila WS, Lucena AJGD, Brandão AA, Macedo AVS, Lantieri CJB, Polanczyk CA, Albuquerque CJDM, Born D, Falcheto EB, Bragança ÉOV, Braga FGM, Colombo FMC, Jatene IB, Costa IBSDS, Rivera IR, Scholz JR, Melo Filho JXD, Santos MAD, Izar MCDO, Azevedo MF, Moura MS, Campos MDSB, Souza OFD, Medeiros OOD, Silva SCTFD, Rizk SI, Rodrigues TDCV, Salim TR, Lemke VDMG. Position Statement on Women's Cardiovascular Health - 2022. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:815-882. [PMID: 36453774 PMCID: PMC10473826 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Born
- Escola Paulista de Medicina , São Paulo SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Romero Rivera
- Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes / Universidade Federal de Alagoas , Maceió AL - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Itala Rizk
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP , São Paulo SP - Brasil
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Jin S, Jiang C, Xia T, Gu Z, Yu H, Li J, Zheng Y, Pan H, Qiao J, Cai R, Wu H, Wang C. Age-dependent and sex-dependent differences in mortality from influenza-associated cardiovascular diseases among older adults in Shanghai, China: a population-based study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061068. [PMID: 36123078 PMCID: PMC9486318 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Influenza epidemics lead to substantial morbidity and mortality among older adults. This study aimed to analyse and assess the age-specific and sex-specific differences in mortality rates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with influenza in older adults. DESIGN We obtained weekly data on mortality from CVD in adults≥60 years, categorised into five age groups. We used a quasi-Poisson model and adjusted for long-term and seasonal trends and absolute humidity as confounding factors. The male-to-female ratio (M/F ratio) was an indicator for assessing sex differences. SETTING Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANT We analysed 440 107 CVD deaths in adults aged ≥60 years, including 44 913 cases positive for influenza and 1 927 487 outpatient visits for influenza-like illness from 2010 to 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age-specific and sex-specific excess CVD mortality rates in older adults for various combinations of CVDs and influenza viruses. RESULTS Variations were observed in the excess mortality from CVD, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke depending on the influenza types/subtypes in different age and sex categories. The ≥85 years group had the highest excess mortality rates per 100 000 persons for CVD, IHD and stroke, while influenza A (H3N2) virus accounted for the highest mortality from CVD, IHD and stroke in people aged ≥65 years. Older men had a significantly lower influenza-associated IHD mortality rate than women, with an M/F ratio of 0.77 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Excess mortality rates for CVDs associated with influenza increased with age in older adults. The risk for influenza-associated IHD mortality was significantly higher in older women than men. Our findings will help implement targeted health strategies, including the promotion of influenza vaccination and early therapeutic intervention for the older population with CVD, to curb the influenza burden effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyan Jiang
- Institute of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiting Yu
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxu Zheng
- Institute of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Institute of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Qiao
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Institute of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Li H, Konja D, Wang L, Wang Y. Sex Differences in Adiposity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169338. [PMID: 36012601 PMCID: PMC9409326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fat distribution is a well-established predictor of adverse medical outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. Studying body fat distribution sheds insights into the causes of obesity and provides valuable information about the development of various comorbidities. Compared to total adiposity, body fat distribution is more closely associated with risks of cardiovascular diseases. The present review specifically focuses on the sexual dimorphism in body fat distribution, the biological clues, as well as the genetic traits that are distinct from overall obesity. Understanding the sex determinations on body fat distribution and adiposity will aid in the improvement of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility Are Associated with Body Fat Distribution and Obesity Risk Using Bioelectrical Impedance in Taiwanese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148858. [PMID: 35886714 PMCID: PMC9319517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In terms of public health, obesity and overweight have become major concerns worldwide. Nevertheless, regarding body composition, it is important to have a more precise understanding of the fat-to-muscle ratio. Hence, this study aimed to adopt bioelectrical impedance measurements to test body fat percentage (BF%) and to determine the associations between health-related physical fitness and both body fat (BF) distribution and BF obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from Taiwan’s Scientific Physical Fitness Survey. From the database, responses from 17,970 participants aged 23−64 years were collected in this study. Each participant completed a series of health-related physical fitness measurements, including cardiorespiratory fitness (3 min of a progressive knee-up and step (3MPKS) test), muscular fitness (hand-grip strength), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). The BF% of each participant was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. BF% was negatively associated with low performance on the 3MPKS (β = 11.314, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 12.308, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (β = 2.071, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 0.859, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (β = 0.337, p = 0.008 for women) tests but was positively associated with sit-and-reach (β = −0.394, p = 0.004 for men). A risk of BF obesity for low performance of 3MPKS (odds ratio (OR) = 26.554, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 25.808, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (OR = 1.682, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 1.234, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (OR = 1.142, p = 0.007 for women) tests was observed. These results suggest that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility are associated with an increased risk of BF obesity.
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Kiernan R, Persand D, Maddie N, Cai W, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA. Obesity-related vascular dysfunction persists after weight loss and is associated with decreased vascular glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor in female rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H301-H311. [PMID: 35749717 PMCID: PMC9291415 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00031.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related cardiovascular complications are a major health problem worldwide. Overconsumption of the Western diet is a well-known culprit for the development of obesity. While short-term weight loss through switching from a Western diet to a normal diet is known to promote metabolic improvement, its short-term effects on vascular parameters are not well-characterized. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin with vasculo-protective properties, is decreased in plasma from obese patients. We hypothesize that obesity causes persistent vascular dysfunction in association with downregulation of vascular GLP-1R. Female Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: lean received a chow diet for 28 weeks, obese received a Western diet for 28 weeks, and reverse obese received a Western diet for 18 weeks followed by 12 weeks of standard chow diet. The obese group exhibited increased body weight and body mass index, while the reverse obese group lost weight. Weight loss failed to reverse impaired vasodilation and high systolic blood pressure in obese rats. Strikingly, our results show that obese rats exhibit decreased serum levels of GLP-1 accompanied by decreased vascular GLP-1R expression. Weight loss recovered GLP-1 serum levels, however GLP-1R expression remained downregulated. Decreased Akt phosphorylation was observed in the obese and reverse obese group, suggesting that GLP-1/Akt signaling is persistently downregulated. Our results support that GLP-1 signaling is associated with obesity-related vascular dysfunction in females and short-term weight loss does not guarantee recovery of vascular function. This study suggests that GLP-1R may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in obesity-related hypertension in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kiernan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States
| | - Dhandevi Persand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States
| | - Nicole Maddie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, United States
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Effects of Moderate-Intensity Physical Training on Skeletal Muscle Substrate Transporters and Metabolic Parameters of Ovariectomized Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050402. [PMID: 35629906 PMCID: PMC9145860 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficit of estrogen is associated with energy substrate imbalance, raising the risk of metabolic diseases. Physical training (PT) is a potent metabolic regulator through oxidation and storage of substrates transported by GLUT4 and FAT CD36 in skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the effects of PT on these carriers in an estrogen-deficit scenario. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of 12 weeks of PT on metabolic variables and GLUT4 and FAT CD36 expression in the skeletal muscle of animals energetically impaired by ovariectomy (OVX). The trained animals swam 30 min/day, 5 days/week, at 80% of the critical load intensity. Spontaneous physical activity was measured biweekly. After training, FAT CD36 and GLUT4 expressions were quantified by immunofluorescence in the soleus, as well as muscular glycogen and triglyceride of the soleus, gluteus maximus and gastrocnemius. OVX significantly reduced FAT CD36, GLUT4 and spontaneous physical activity (p < 0.01), while PT significantly increased FAT CD36, GLUT4 and spontaneous physical activity (p < 0.01). PT increased soleus glycogen, and OVX decreased muscular triglyceride of gluteus maximus. Therefore, OVX can cause energy disarray through reduction in GLUT4 and FAT CD36 and their muscle substrates and PT prevented these metabolic consequences, masking ovarian estrogen’s absence.
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Zuo J, Tang B, O’Rourke MF, Avolio AP, Adji A. Association between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Marker of Arterial Stiffness and Body Mass Index in a Chinese Population. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9030075. [PMID: 35323623 PMCID: PMC8954212 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Arterial stiffness is widely accepted as an important predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. While obesity is generally associated with increased CVD risk, there is evidence that overweight patients with existing CVD may have better clinical outcomes than their lean counterparts. Our study sought to observe any potential association between brachial−ankle pulse wave velocity (BAPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness related to CVD risk, and Body Mass Index (BMI), a crude and widely used measure of obesity. Methods: Adult individuals (n = 857) assessed for routine CV risk were included and grouped according to their BMI (<25 kg/m2: normal; 25−30 kg/m2: overweight, ≥30 kg/m2: obese). Their anthropometric parameters, brachial cuff pressures, and BAPWV were measured. Results: Brachial pressure was significantly higher as BMI increased. BAPWV showed a positive linear association with systolic (r = 0.66, p < 0.01), mean (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), diastolic (r = 0.51, p < 0.01), and pulse (r = 0.53, p < 0.01) pressures. However, a linear relationship between BMI and BAPWV was only apparent in males aged <50 years (p = 0.01) and in females aged ≥50 years (p < 0.01). In individuals with similar brachial systolic pressure, BAPWV was higher in normal-weight subjects compared to overweight−obese ones. Conclusions: This conflicting finding is attributed to an overestimation of the degree of arterial stiffness as a measure of CVD risk in individuals with a less ‘healthy’ BMI. This suggests that BMI may not the appropriate obesity indicator to assess CV risk. Our finding emphasizes the importance of establishing a non-linear relationship between CVD risk, age, and BMI, taking into account apparent sex differences, to predict future CV events. While this finding may suggest a lower degree of stiffness in large arteries of overweight−obese subjects compared to their normal-weight counterparts, the potential implications for individuals with higher BMI need be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (B.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie (University) Medical School, Sydney 2109, Australia;
| | - Biwen Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (B.T.)
| | - Michael F. O’Rourke
- St Vincent’s Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney 2109, Australia;
| | - Alberto P. Avolio
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie (University) Medical School, Sydney 2109, Australia;
| | - Audrey Adji
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie (University) Medical School, Sydney 2109, Australia;
- St Vincent’s Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Sydney 2109, Australia;
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Caldas APS, Rocha DMUP, Dionísio AP, Hermsdorff HHM, Bressan J. Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-38. [PMID: 35193718 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100475x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effect of nuts on health. However, Brazil and cashew nuts remain the least studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of these nuts within an energy-restricted diet on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and endothelial function in cardiometabolic risk women. Brazilian nuts study is a randomized controlled parallel 8-week dietary intervention trial. Forty women were randomly allocated to 1) Control group: Energy-restricted diet without nuts, n= 19 or, 2) Brazil and cashew nuts group (BN-Group): Energy-restricted diet containing daily 45 g of nuts (15 g of Brazil nuts + 30g of cashew nuts), n= 21. At the beginning and final intervention, anthropometry, body composition, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood sampling was obtained to evaluate lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and endothelial function markers. After 8-week, plasma selenium concentration increased in BN-group (∆ = + 31.5 ± 7.8 μg/L; p= 0.001). Brazil and cashew nuts intake reduced total body fat (-1.3 ± 0.4 %) parallel to improvement of lean mass percentage in BN-group compared to the control. Besides, the soluble adhesion molecule VCAM-1 decreased (24.03 ± 15.7 pg/mL vs. -22.2 ± 10.3 pg/mL; p= 0.019) after Brazil and cashew nuts intake compared to the control. However, lipid and glucose profile markers, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure remained unchanged after the intervention. Thus, the addition of Brazil and cashew nuts to an energy-restricted diet can be a healthy strategy to improve body composition, selenium status, and endothelial inflammation in cardiometabolic risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Kanders SH, Nilsson KW, Åslund C. Breastfeeding moderates the relationship between fat mass and obesity-associated gene rs9939609 and body mass index among adolescents. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:66-76. [PMID: 35127123 PMCID: PMC8804930 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breastfeeding, which is important for early growth, is a possible moderator of genetic influence, such as the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to assess the moderating effect of breastfeeding duration on the relationship between FTO rs9939609 and BMI in a Caucasian sample. METHODS Adolescents born in 1997 and in 1999, who were living in the Swedish county Västmanland in 2012, were invited to participate in the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland. The adolescents and their parents completed self-reported questionnaires in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Genotyping of rs9939609 T > A polymorphism was conducted from saliva DNA samples. Interaction effects of parental reported breastfeeding duration in months, including regions of significance, on the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI plus overweight were assessed. RESULTS Considering physical activity levels, parental reported breastfeeding duration was a moderator of the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI for the younger (regions of significance = <1.6 and >28.1 months) and older adolescents (region of significance = >19.9 months), but not for the young adults. Plots of the association between breastfeeding duration and BMI showed higher BMI for AA with short breastfeeding, but lower BMI with longer breastfeeding than AT and TT. Longer breastfeeding lowered the odds for overweight among the younger adolescents, especially among AA individuals. CONCLUSION Rs9939609 AA individuals were more susceptible than AT and TT individuals to both short and long breastfeeding durations, which is consistent with the differential susceptibility hypothesis. FTO rs9939609 AA might be a plasticity variant with differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Breastfeeding duration may be one of many factors that affect the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical ResearchRegion VästmanlandUppsala UniversityCounty HospitalVästeråsSweden
- School of Health, Care and Social WelfareMälardalen UniversityVästeråsSweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical ResearchRegion VästmanlandUppsala UniversityCounty HospitalVästeråsSweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Moccia P, Belda-Montesinos R, Monllor-Tormos A, Chedraui P, Cano A. Body weight and fat mass across the menopausal transition: hormonal modulators. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:99-104. [PMID: 34898344 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the menopause in weight gain is an understudied yet important field, given the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated risk of disease. OBJECTIVE To review the current evidence regarding the impact of the menopausal transition on changes in body composition and fat accrual in women and the hormonal mechanisms underlying the process. METHODS A critical appraisal of the current literature by experts in the field. RESULTS Menopause is associated with an overall increase in fat mass, which tends to accumulate around the waist. There is also a decrease in lean mass, particularly evident in the lower limbs. Reduced energy expenditure (EE) has been confirmed in parallel with increased food intake, the latter being more evident in experimental models. A prominent role has been found for the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha isoform in fat accrual. Human studies suggest a role for androgens in central fat accumulation and type 2 diabetes. FSH is a key factor in the process of fat accumulation, but only in rodents. Clinical studies suggest that these endocrine alterations are insufficient to explain the observed changes. CONCLUSIONS The menopausal transition is associated with an increase in adiposity, which accumulates preferentially in the abdominal area. Hypoestrogenism and the imbalance of the androgen/estrogen ratio are strong candidates to explain the phenomenon, although other hormonal factors probably also play a role. The impact on risk of disease is still insufficiently known, although an association with risk factors, such as an unfavorable lipid profile or insulin resistance seems likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Moccia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Aitana Monllor-Tormos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral and Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Raffin J, Angioni D, Giudici KV, Valet P, Aggarwal G, Nguyen AD, Morley JE, Guyonnet S, Rolland Y, Vellas B, Barreto PDS. Physical activity, body mass index, and blood progranulin in older adults: cross-sectional associations in the MAPT study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1141-1149. [PMID: 35037052 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been shown to moderate the negative effects of obesity on pro-inflammatory cytokines but its relationship with the adipokine progranulin (PGRN) remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional main and interactive associations of body mass index (BMI) and PA level with circulating PGRN in older adults. Five-hundred and twelve subjects aged 70 years and over involved in the Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial (MAPT) Study who underwent plasma PGRN measurements (ng/ml) were included. Self -reported PA levels were assessed using questionnaires. People were classified into three BMI categories: normal weight, overweight or obesity. Further categorization using PA tertiles was used to define highly active, moderately active and low active individuals. Multiple linear regressions were performed in order to test the associations of BMI, PA level, and their interaction with PGRN levels. Multiple linear regressions adjusted by age, sex, diabetes mellitus status, total cholesterol, creatinine level and MAPT group demonstrated significant interactive associations of BMI status and continuous PA such that in people without obesity, higher PA levels were associated with lower PGRN concentrations, while an opposite pattern was found in individuals with obesity. In addition, continuous BMI was positively associated with circulating PGRN in highly active individuals but not in their less active peers. This cross-sectional study demonstrated reverse patterns in older adults with obesity compared to those without obesity regarding the relationships between PA and PGRN levels. Longitudinal and experimental investigations are required to understand the mechanisms that underlie the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Raffin
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France
| | - Davide Angioni
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France
| | - Kelly V Giudici
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut RESTORE, UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Geetika Aggarwal
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew D Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP UMR, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP UMR, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP UMR, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Institut du Vieillissement Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, allées Jules Guesdes, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP UMR, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Hacıağaoğlu N, Öner C, Çetin H, Şimşek EE. Body Shape Index and Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals With Obesity. Cureus 2022; 14:e21259. [PMID: 35178315 PMCID: PMC8843105 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardio-metabolic risks are tested to show various anthropometric measurements. This study aimed to evaluate a body shape index (ABSI) of individuals with obesity to determine the role of these measurements in cardiovascular risk prediction. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 368 patients who were evaluated by the researcher in the polyclinic. Sociodemographic information was obtained, and anthropometric measurements were made. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and ABSI were evaluated in all patients. The patient’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease was calculated from the pooled cohort equations risk calculator (PRCAE), Framingham risk score, and systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) risk calculation systems. Results: Of the 368 patients in the study, 302 (82.1%) were females, and 66 (17.9%) were males. The average age of participants was 46.2 ± 12.0 years. The median BMI of participants was 37.5 (34.0-42.4) kg/m2. The median ABSI of participants was 0.0816 (0.0775-0.0849). A positive correlation was found between ABSI and Framingham risk score and PRCAE risk score (r = 0.297, p = 0.000 and r = 0.305, p = 0.000, respectively). A significant relationship was found between ABSI and Framingham, PRCAE, and SCORE risk groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). Conclusions: Our study results revealed a significant association of ABSI with Framingham, PRCAE, and SCORE risk calculation systems, which helps predict cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Hacıağaoğlu
- Family Medicine, S.B.Ü. Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, TUR
| | - Can Öner
- Family Medicine, S.B.Ü. Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, TUR
| | - Hüseyin Çetin
- Family Medicine, S.B.Ü. Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, TUR
| | - Engin Ersin Şimşek
- Family Medicine, S.B.Ü. Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, TUR
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Huang X, Li M, Shi Y, Yao H, Lei Z, Kou W, Li B, Shi J, Zhang W, Jian W. Self-managed weight loss by smart body fat scales ameliorates obesity-related body composition during the COVID-19 pandemic: A follow-up study in Chinese population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:996814. [PMID: 36440229 PMCID: PMC9682041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.996814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2020, longer stay-at-home time in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the weight-related behaviors of Chinese population. OBJECTIVES To explore the demographic and basic characteristics of body fat scale users and to investigate the changes in obesity-related body composition of overweight and obese users during COVID-19. Further, we analyzed the factors associated with successful weight loss and improved body composition changes in overweight and obese people. METHODS The study included 107,419 Chinese adults registered in the smart app connecting to the body fat scale in 2020 to describe the demographic characteristics of body fat scale users by Unpaired Student's t-test and Chi-Square test. Subsequently, overweight and obese participants with body mass index (BMI) of more than 24 kg/m2 were screened to investigate the independent factors associated with effective weight loss and improved body composition changes by multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS During the pandemic, the number of body fat scale users increased markedly compared with pre-pandemic. Over half of the participants were women and with normal baseline BMI. Based on BMI classification, multivariable logistic regressions showed that age, gender, measurement frequency classification, baseline BMI, visceral adipose index and skeletal muscle rate were associated with weight loss and fat loss in the overweight and obese population, with the high-frequency measurement being the most important factor for effective weight and fat loss. In the population with normal BMI obesity, younger age was the most significant factor for effective fat loss. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, participation in self-monitored weight loss increased markedly compared with pre-pandemic, and women accounted for the majority. We found that many overweight and obese participants achieved weight loss goals by smart body fat scales, and the effectiveness of weight and fat loss was greater in obese participants than in overweight participants, both based on BMI and PBF classification. In addition, promoting the usage of smart body fat scales could contribute to more effective weight and fat loss in the overweight and obese population based on BMI classification. However, in the population with normal BMI obesity, young subjects might be easier to successfully lose fat compared with the elder. Digital self-management by smart body fat scales could become a promising approach for the obese population with high BMI to lose weight and keep healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yefei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyun Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Kou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Jian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weixia Jian,
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Lee HR, Shin J, Han K, Chang J, Jeong SM, Chon SJ, Choi SJ, Shin DW. Obesity and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus by Menopausal Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215189. [PMID: 34768709 PMCID: PMC8584465 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both obesity and menopause are associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM), the association between obesity and DM according to menopausal status remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the relationship between obesity and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Total of 926,196 premenopausal and 1,193,881 postmenopausal women who underwent health examinations from 2009 to 2014 were identified using the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We compared the incidence and risk of DM according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the two groups of women. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the presence of obesity and risk of DM according to menopausal state. During the 7.8-year follow-up period, 37,736 (4.1%) premenopausal women and 121,102 (10.1%) postmenopausal women were diagnosed with DM. Compared to the reference group (BMI 18.5-23), a stronger association between obesity and risk of DM was observed in both pre- and postmenopausal women: multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for BMI subgroups <18.5, 23-25, 25-30, and >30 were 0.62 (0.54, 0.70), 1.91 (1.85, 1.97), 3.38 (3.28, 3.47), and 6.25 (6.02, 6.48), respectively (p trend < 0.001) in premenopausal women and 0.87 (0.82, 0.92), 1.44 (1.41, 1.46), 2.00 (1.97, 2.03), and 2.96 (2.89, 3.02) in postmenopausal women (p trend < 0.001, p-interaction < 0.001). A similar trend was observed for WC. Subgroup analyses of women aged 45 to 55 also showed a stronger association with DM in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, the association between obesity and DM was stronger in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. As estrogens are synthesized in adipose tissue by aromatization of androgens after menopause, increased estrogen levels in obese postmenopausal might have a protective effect against DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rim Lee
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.R.L.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Jungeun Shin
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.R.L.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (S.-M.J.)
- International Healthcare Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea;
| | - Jiwon Chang
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.R.L.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.R.L.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (S.-M.J.)
| | - Seung Joo Chon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Korea;
| | - Soo Jung Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.C.); (D.W.S.)
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.R.L.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (S.-M.J.)
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.C.); (D.W.S.)
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Dupuit M, Rance M, Morel C, Bouillon P, Boscaro A, Martin V, Vazeille E, Barnich N, Chassaing B, Boisseau N. Impact of Concurrent Training on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:517-529. [PMID: 34628447 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause tends to be associated with an increased risk of obesity and abdominal fat mass (FM) and is associated with lower intestinal species diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT + RT) program on body composition and intestinal microbiota composition in overweight or obese postmenopausal women. METHODS Participants (n = 17) were randomized in two groups: HIIT + RT group (3 × / week, 12 weeks) and control group without any training. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral FM and fat-free mass. Intestinal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at the study end, and the diet controlled. RESULTS Compared with sedentary controls, physical fitness (Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Peak Power Output) increased, total abdominal and visceral FM decreased, and segmental muscle mass increased in the training group. Although the HIIT + RT protocol did not modify α-diversity and taxonomy, it significantly influenced microbiota composition. Moreover, various intestinal microbiota members were correlated with HIIT + RT-induced body composition changes, and baseline microbiota composition predicted the response to the HIIT + RT program. CONCLUSIONS HIIT + RT is an effective modality to reduce abdominal/visceral FM and improve physical capacity in non-dieting overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Training modified intestinal microbiota composition and the response to training seems to depend on the initial microbiota profile. More studies are needed to determine whether microbiota composition could predict the individual training response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Dupuit
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France Center of Resources, Expertise and Performance in Sports (CREPS), Bellerive-sur-Allier, France Department of Cardiology, Vichy Hospital, Vichy, France University Institute of France (IUF), Paris, France Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France Microbes, Intestine, Inflammation and Susceptibility of the Host (M2iSH), UMR 1071, USC INRAE 2018, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Inserm U1016, Team 'Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases', CNRS UMR 8104, Paris University, Paris, France Human Nutrition Research Center of Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes (CNRH-AURA), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Karimi E, Yarizadeh H, Setayesh L, Sajjadi SF, Ghodoosi N, Khorraminezhad L, Mirzaei K. High carbohydrate intakes may predict more inflammatory status than high fat intakes in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:279. [PMID: 34289902 PMCID: PMC8296741 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The associations between dietary carbohydrate, fat intake, and inflammation are controversial. Most existing data are from industrialized societies which low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet is common and so their attribution to other populations remains unclear. We evaluated the association of fat and carbohydrate intakes with inflammatory markers in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity in Iran. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 were included to this study. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indicated a trend towards significance across tertiles of total dietary carbohydrate. We found that the levels of galectin-3 were negatively associated with dietary carbohydrate in adjusted model. In addition, the levels of MCP-1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were positively correlated to dietary carbohydrate. No significant relationship was demonstrated between inflammatory parameters and total fat intake). However, there was a borderline significant negative association between total fat intake and TGF-β level in adjusted model. Therefore, a total dietary carbohydrate were related to elevated inflammation risk, while a total fat intake were not associated to higher inflammation. This study suggests reconsideration of applying global dietary guidelines in societies with high carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Forough Sajjadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Ghodoosi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leil Khorraminezhad
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University, Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Obesity-associated cardiovascular risk in women: hypertension and heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1523-1544. [PMID: 34160010 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases begins long prior to the presentation of a cardiovascular event. In both men and women, cardiovascular events, and their associated hospitalizations and mortality, are often clinically predisposed by the presentation of a chronic cardiovascular risk factor. Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in both sexes, however, the clinical prevalence of obesity, as well as its contribution to crucial cardiovascular risk factors is dependent on sex. The mechanisms via which obesity leads to cardiovascular risk is also discrepant in women between their premenopausal, pregnancy and postmenopausal phases of life. Emerging data indicate that at all reproductive statuses and ages, the presentation of a cardiovascular event in obese women is strongly associated with hypertension and its subsequent chronic risk factor, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In addition, emerging evidence indicates that obesity increases the risk of both hypertension and heart failure in pregnancy. This review will summarize clinical and experimental data on the female-specific prevalence and mechanisms of hypertension and heart failure in women across reproductive stages and highlight the particular risks in pregnancy as well as emerging data in a high-risk ethnicity in women of African ancestry (AA).
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Chang YJ, Tuz-Zahra F, Godbole S, Avitia Y, Bellettiere J, Rock CL, Jankowska MM, Allison MA, Dunstan DW, Rana B, Natarajan L, Sears DD. Endothelial-derived cardiovascular disease-related microRNAs elevated with prolonged sitting pattern among postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11766. [PMID: 34083573 PMCID: PMC8175392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Time spent sitting is positively correlated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk. The underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. MicroRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs) reflect cell/tissue status and mediate intercellular communication. We explored the association between sitting patterns and microRNAs isolated from endothelial cell (EC)-derived EVs. Using extant actigraphy based sitting behavior data on a cohort of 518 postmenopausal overweight/obese women, we grouped the woman as Interrupted Sitters (IS; N = 18) or Super Sitters (SS; N = 53) if they were in the shortest or longest sitting pattern quartile, respectively. The cargo microRNA in EC-EVs from the IS and SS women were compared. MicroRNA data were weighted by age, physical functioning, MVPA, device wear days, device wear time, waist circumference, and body mass index. Screening of CVD-related microRNAs demonstrated that miR-199a-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-133b level were significantly elevated in SS compared to IS groups. Group differences in let-7d-5p, miR-133b, and miR-142-3p were validated in expanded groups. Pathway enrichment analyses show that mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis and cardiomyocyte adrenergic signaling (P < 0.001) are downstream of the three validated microRNAs. This proof-of-concept study supports the possibility that CVD-related microRNAs in EC-EVs may be molecular transducers of sitting pattern-associated CVD risk in overweight postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Tuz-Zahra
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yesenia Avitia
- Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Rock
- Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brinda Rana
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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48
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Aguayo-Cerón KA, Gutiérrez-Iglesias G, Parra-Barrera A, Ocharan-Hernández ME, Romero-Nava R, Jiménez-Zamarripa CA, Calzada-Mendoza CC. Antisclerothic effect of tibolone by reducing proinflammatory cytokines expression, ROS production and LDL-ox uptake in THP-1 macrophages. Steroids 2021; 167:108779. [PMID: 33383063 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is more frequent in menopausal women, which has been related to factor such as weight gain, altered fat distribution, and increased inflammation markers including adipokines (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6) and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) produced by macrophages. In addition to their phagocytic activity, macrophages secrete cytokines and chemokines that induces cell recruitment, which is a process related to vascular damage that favors the formation of atheromatous plaques. Tibolone (Tb) therapy is used to reduce the symptoms of menopause as well as osteoporosis and it has been shown to decreases the risk of fractures. METHODS To investigate the effect of tibolone in macrophage enzymatic activity, gene expression of cytokines, and its effect on foam cells formation. We use phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells. The cells were incubated 24 h and 48 h using pre and post-treatment schemes. We evaluated total ROS determination by NBT assay, expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NOS2, ARG1, TGFβ) by RT-qPCR and foam cell formation in THP-1 differentiated macrophages stimulated with PMA. RESULTS It was observed that the minor levels of total ROS determination were obtained with tibolone at 48 h in post-treatment scheme. Also, in a long term we found decrease the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α). Finally, with treatment for 24 h with P4 y Tb we observed fewer LDL vesicles into macrophages cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tibolone reduces the inflammatory process, also inhibits the foam cells formation; suggesting a possible role in reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Aguayo-Cerón
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gisela Gutiérrez-Iglesias
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Parra-Barrera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María E Ocharan-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Jiménez-Zamarripa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Hospital Psiquiátrico "Dr. Samuel Ramírez Moreno", Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia C Calzada-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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49
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Bienias P, Rymarczyk Z, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Lisik W, Sobieraj P, Pruszczyk P, Ciurzyński M. Assessment of arrhythmias and cardiac autonomic tone at a relatively young age patients with obesity class III. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12424. [PMID: 33128430 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is no sufficient data on arrhythmias occurrence in obesity class III. The influence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance on arrhythmias and cardiac autonomic tone is also of ongoing interest in these subjects. We prospectively studied 81 selected patients with body mass index >40 kg/m2 , aged 34 (18-65) years. Among other examinations all subjects underwent electrocardiography and Holter monitoring with heart rate variability (HRV) and turbulence (HRT) evaluation. Controls consisted of 45 healthy, sex- and aged-matched lean volunteers. In patients median BMI was 44.5 kg/m2 (40.1-58.1), benign arterial hypertension was present in 43.2% and dysglycemia in 27.2% of cases. In the group with obesity longer PR interval (P < .001) and corrected QT interval (P < .001) were observed, while in Holter monitoring no significant differences in supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias and also bradyarrhythmias prevalence were observed in comparison to controls. In individuals with obesity HRV indices associated with sympathetic tone were significantly impaired and also abnormal HRT values (21.9 vs 0%, P = .04) were more frequently observed. There were no significant correlations between anthropometric obesity parameters and fasting insulin concentration, insulin resistance index and also HRV/HRT parameters in studied individuals. Univariate regression analysis revealed that only age influenced abnormal HRT occurrence (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.08-2.98, P = .04). In conclusions, patients with obesity class III at a relatively young age who reported they felt healthy, do not present increased prevalence of arrhythmias, including life-threatening ones. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is observed in these patients, however it has not been shown to be associated with anthropometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bienias
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rymarczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobieraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pruszczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ciurzyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Huang XT, Yang JX, Wang Z, Zhang CY, Luo ZQ, Liu W, Tang SY. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor regulates insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Theranostics 2021; 11:2247-2262. [PMID: 33500723 PMCID: PMC7797674 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of steatosis and insulin resistance, the physiological functions of regulators in these processes remain largely elusive. Evidence has suggested that the glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) axis contributes to acute lung injury, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and diabetes, but the specific metabolic contribution of the glutamate/NMDAR axis is not clear. Here we provide data at the animal, cellular, and molecular levels to support the role of the glutamate/NMDAR axis as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome in obesity. Methods: We examined the glutamate level in the obese mouse induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. To assess the role of NMDAR in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, we tested the effects of Memantine (an NMDAR antagonist) and NMDA (an NMDAR agonist) on mice fed with HFD or standard chow diet. The in vitros NMDAR roles were analyzed in hepatocytes and potential mechanisms involved in regulating lipid metabolism were investigated. Results: Glutamate was increased in the serum of HFD-treated mice. The NMDAR blockade by Memantine decreased the susceptibility to insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in obese mice. NMDA treatment for 6 months induced obesity in mice, characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and pathological changes in the liver. We provided in vitro evidence demonstrating that NMDAR activation facilitated metabolic syndrome in obesity through promoting lipid accumulation. NMDAR inhibition attenuated lipid accumulation induced by palmitic acid. Mechanistically, NMDAR activation impaired fatty acid oxidation by reducing PPARα phosphorylation and activity. The PPARα activity reduction induced by NMDAR activation was reversibly mediated by ERK1/2 signaling. Conclusion: These findings revealed that targeting NMDAR might be a promising therapeutic strategy for metabolic syndrome in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun-Xiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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