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Hu H, Lu X, He Y, Li J, Wang S, Luo Z, Wang Y, Wei J, Huang H, Duan C, Sun N. Sestrin2 in POMC neurons modulates energy balance and obesity related metabolic disorders via mTOR signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109703. [PMID: 39025457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a highly conserved protein that can be induced under various stress conditions. Researches have revealed that the signaling pathway of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential in modulating both glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the precise involvement of Sestrin2 in the hypothalamus, particularly in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, in control of energy homeostasis remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional role of Sestrin2 in hypothalamic POMC neurons in regulation of energy balance, as well as revealing the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, cre-dependent AAV virus encoding or silencing Sestrin2 was injected into the hypothalamic ARC of pomc-cre transgenic mice. The results demonstrated that Sestrin2 overexpression in POMC neurons ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and increased energy expenditure. Conversely, Sestrin2 deficiency in POMC neurons predisposed mice to HFD induced obesity. Additionally, the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue and lipolysis of inguinal white adipose tissue were both enhanced by the increased sympathetic nerve innervation in Sestrin2 overexpressed mice. Further exploration revealed that Sestrin2 overexpression inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway in hypothalamic POMC neurons, which may account for the alleviation of systematic metabolic disturbance induced by HFD in these mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Sestrin2 in POMC neurons plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy balance in a context of HFD-induced obesity by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, providing new insights into how hypothalamic neurons respond to nutritional signals to protect against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Shoujie Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Platform of Metabolomics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Emergency Department, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chaohui Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kütük T, Onbaşilar İ, Oskay-Halaçli S, Babaoğlu B, Ayhan S, Yalçin SS. Investigation of the Hepatitis-B Vaccine's Immune Response in a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:934. [PMID: 39204057 PMCID: PMC11359425 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine by applying a normal and high-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination program in the mice modeling of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD was induced in mouse livers via diet. At the 10-week mark, both groups were divided into 3 subgroups. While the standard dose vaccination program was applied on days 0, 7, and 21, two high-dose programs were applied: one was applied on days 0 and 7, and the other was applied on days 0, 7, and 21. All mice were euthanized. Blood samples from anti-HB titers; T follicular helper, T follicular regulatory, CD27+, and CD38+ cells; and the liver, spleen, and thymus were taken for histopathologic evaluation. NAFLD subgroups receiving high doses showed higher hepatocyte ballooning scores than normal-dose subgroup. There were differences in CD27+ and CD27+CD38+ cells in animals fed on different diets, without any differences or interactions in terms of vaccine protocols. In the NAFLD group, a negative correlation was observed between anti-HB titers and T helper and CD27+ cells, while a positive correlation was observed with CD38+ cells. NAFLD induced changes in immune parameters in mice, but there was no difference in vaccine efficacy among the applied vaccine protocols. Based on this study's results, high-dose vaccination protocols are not recommended in cases of NAFLD, as they do not enhance efficacy and may lead to increased liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Kütük
- Vaccinology Department, Institute of Vaccinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (T.K.); (S.S.Y.)
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - İlyas Onbaşilar
- Vaccinology Department, Institute of Vaccinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (T.K.); (S.S.Y.)
- Health Science Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
- Transgenic Animal Technologies Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
| | - Sevil Oskay-Halaçli
- Department of Basic Sciences of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (S.O.-H.); (S.A.)
| | - Berrin Babaoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye;
| | - Selda Ayhan
- Department of Basic Sciences of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (S.O.-H.); (S.A.)
| | - Sıddika Songül Yalçin
- Vaccinology Department, Institute of Vaccinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (T.K.); (S.S.Y.)
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
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Tsuchiya T, Kim SY, Matsuda M, Kim J, Stotland A, Naiki M, Seki E. Repurposing of the analgesic Neurotropin for MASLD/MASH treatment. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0480. [PMID: 39023282 PMCID: PMC11262822 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased in recent decades. Approximately 25% of patients with MASLD progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, which is characterized by hepatic steatosis plus hepatocyte damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. We previously reported that Neurotropin (NTP), a drug used for relieving pain in Japan and China, inhibits lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that inhibiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation by NTP can be an effective strategy for treating MASLD and tested this hypothesis in a MASLD mouse model. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL/6NJ male mice were fed a normal diet and normal drinking water or a high-fat diet with high fructose/glucose water for 12 weeks. During the last 6 weeks, the mice were also given high-dose NTP, low-dose NTP, or control treatment. Histologic, biochemical, and functional tests were conducted. MitoPlex, a new proteomic platform, was used to measure mitochondrial proteins, as mitochondrial dysfunction was previously reported to be associated with MASLD progression. RESULTS NTP inhibited the development of hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by feeding a high-fat diet plus high fructose/glucose in drinking water. NTP also inhibited HSC activation. MitoPlex analysis revealed that NTP upregulated the expression of mitochondrial proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and fatty acid transport. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NTP prevents the development of hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation by preserving mitochondrial function in the liver and inhibits liver fibrosis by suppressing HSC activation. Thus, repurposing NTP may be a beneficial option for treating MASLD/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuchiya
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexsandr Stotland
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mitsuru Naiki
- Department of Pharmacological Research, Institute of Bio-Active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang YL, Liu C, Yang YY, Zhang L, Guo X, Niu C, Zhang NP, Ding J, Wu J. Dynamic changes of gut microbiota in mouse models of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and its transition to hepatocellular carcinoma. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23766. [PMID: 38967214 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400573rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota may account for pathobiology in simple fatty liver (SFL), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), fibrotic progression, and transformation to MASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (MASH-HCC). The aim of the present study is to investigate gut dysbiosis in this progression. Fecal microbial rRNA-16S sequencing, absolute quantification, histopathologic, and biochemical tests were performed in mice fed high fat/calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water (HFCD-HF/G) or control diet (CD) for 2, 16 weeks, or 14 months. Histopathologic examination verified an early stage of SFL, MASH, fibrotic, or MASH-HCC progression with disturbance of lipid metabolism, liver injury, and impaired gut mucosal barrier as indicated by loss of occludin in ileum mucosa. Gut dysbiosis occurred as early as 2 weeks with reduced α diversity, expansion of Kineothrix, Lactococcus, Akkermansia; and shrinkage in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, etc., at a genus level. Dysbiosis was found as early as MAHS initiation, and was much more profound through the MASH-fibrotic and oncogenic progression. Moreover, the expansion of specific species, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Kineothrix alysoides, was confirmed by an optimized method for absolute quantification. Dynamic alterations of gut microbiota were characterized in three stages of early SFL, MASH, and its HCC transformation. The findings suggest that the extent of dysbiosis was accompanied with MASH progression and its transformation to HCC, and the shrinking or emerging of specific microbial species may account at least in part for pathologic, metabolic, and immunologic alterations in fibrogenic progression and malignant transition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Zheng Z, Yang S, Dai W, Xue P, Sun Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Lin J, Kong J. The role of pyroptosis in metabolism and metabolic disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116863. [PMID: 38850650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a lytic and pro-inflammatory form of regulated cell death characterized by the formation of membrane pores mediated by the gasdermin protein family. Two main activation pathways have been documented: the caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and the caspase-4/5/11-dependent noncanonical pathway. Pyroptosis leads to cell swelling, lysis, and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Chronic inflammation is a well-established foundation and driver for the development of metabolic diseases. Conversely, metabolic pathway dysregulation can also induce cellular pyroptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of pyroptosis modulation in various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease. These findings suggest that pyroptosis may serve as a promising novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. This paper reviews an in-depth study of the current advancements in understanding the role of pyroptosis in the progression of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyuan Zheng
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Pengwei Xue
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Jing Kong
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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Ralli T, Ahmad S, Saifi Z, Alhalmi A, Aeri V, Aqil M, Kohli K. Exploring the therapeutic potential of silymarin-based herbal remedy (prebiotic) and probiotic blend in a mouse model of NAFLD: Insights into gut microbiota modulation and liver health. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33505. [PMID: 39027434 PMCID: PMC11254739 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant consequence of metabolic dysfunction, often associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Prebiotics and probiotics have shown promise in NAFLD management. This study evaluated a silymarin-based herbal remedy with piperine and fulvic acid, alongside a probiotic blend of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Using a NAFLD mouse model induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet, we assessed biochemical parameters, liver function, glucose levels, and conducted histological analysis. Stool samples underwent 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis to explore changes in microbiota composition. Mice on the high-fat diet exhibited elevated lipids, liver enzymes, and glucose, with reduced high-density lipoprotein levels (with p value < 0.001). Treatment, particularly with F3 (silymarin-piperine-fulvic acid herbal remedy and probiotic blend), significantly reduced hepatic fat accumulation and improved gut microbiota composition. This study highlights the potential of silymarin-based therapy combined with probiotics in attenuating NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- School of Pharmacy, COER University, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Research and Publications, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Karin M, Kim JY. MASH as an emerging cause of hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38874196 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest and fastest-growing cancers. Among HCC etiologies, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has served as a major HCC driver due to its great potential for increasing cirrhosis. The obesogenic environment fosters a positive energy balance and results in a continuous rise of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is difficult to understand how metabolic complications lead to the poor prognosis of liver diseases and which molecular mechanisms are underpinning MAFLD-driven HCC development. Thus, suitable preclinical models that recapitulate human etiologies are essentially required. Numerous preclinical models have been created but not many mimicked anthropometric measures and the course of disease progression shown in the patients. Here we review the literature on adipose tissues, liver-related HCC etiologies and recently discovered genetic mutation signatures found in MAFLD-driven HCC patients. We also critically review current rodent models suggested for MAFLD-driven HCC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea
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8
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Sun HJ, Jiao B, Wang Y, Zhang YH, Chen G, Wang ZX, Zhao H, Xie Q, Song XH. Necroptosis contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathoetiology with promising diagnostic and therapeutic functions. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1968-1981. [PMID: 38681120 PMCID: PMC11045491 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease. However, the disease is underappreciated as a remarkable chronic disorder as there are rare managing strategies. Several studies have focused on determining NAFLD-caused hepatocyte death to elucidate the disease pathoetiology and suggest functional therapeutic and diagnostic options. Pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis are the main subtypes of non-apoptotic regulated cell deaths (RCDs), each of which represents particular characteristics. Considering the complexity of the findings, the present study aimed to review these types of RCDs and their contribution to NAFLD progression, and subsequently discuss in detail the role of necroptosis in the pathoetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. The study revealed that necroptosis is involved in the occurrence of NAFLD and its progression towards steatohepatitis and cancer, hence it has potential in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Sun
- Department of General Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of General Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
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Charidemou E, Noberini R, Ghirardi C, Georgiou P, Marcou P, Theophanous A, Strati K, Keun H, Behrends V, Bonaldi T, Kirmizis A. Hyperacetylated histone H4 is a source of carbon contributing to lipid synthesis. EMBO J 2024; 43:1187-1213. [PMID: 38383863 PMCID: PMC10987603 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications commonly integrate environmental cues with cellular metabolic outputs by affecting gene expression. However, chromatin modifications such as acetylation do not always correlate with transcription, pointing towards an alternative role of histone modifications in cellular metabolism. Using an approach that integrates mass spectrometry-based histone modification mapping and metabolomics with stable isotope tracers, we demonstrate that elevated lipids in acetyltransferase-depleted hepatocytes result from carbon atoms derived from deacetylation of hyperacetylated histone H4 flowing towards fatty acids. Consistently, enhanced lipid synthesis in acetyltransferase-depleted hepatocytes is dependent on histone deacetylases and acetyl-CoA synthetase ACSS2, but not on the substrate specificity of the acetyltransferases. Furthermore, we show that during diet-induced lipid synthesis the levels of hyperacetylated histone H4 decrease in hepatocytes and in mouse liver. In addition, overexpression of acetyltransferases can reverse diet-induced lipogenesis by blocking lipid droplet accumulation and maintaining the levels of hyperacetylated histone H4. Overall, these findings highlight hyperacetylated histones as a metabolite reservoir that can directly contribute carbon to lipid synthesis, constituting a novel function of chromatin in cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Charidemou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghirardi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panayiota Marcou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andria Theophanous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hector Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Xie L, Zhou Y, Zhong Z, Ding J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Yu F, Wu J. JCAD deficiency delayed liver regenerative repair through the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1630. [PMID: 38509842 PMCID: PMC10955226 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver regeneration retardation post partial hepatectomy (PH) is a common clinical problem after liver transplantation. Identification of key regulators in liver regeneration post PH may be beneficial for clinically improving the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the function of junctional protein-associated with coronary artery disease (JCAD) in liver regeneration post PH and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. METHODS JCAD knockout (JCAD-KO), liver-specific JCAD-KO (Jcad△Hep) mice and their control group were subjected to 70% PH. RNA sequencing was conducted to unravel the related signalling pathways. Primary hepatocytes from KO mice were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to evaluate DNA replication. Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) live-imaging system was used to visualise the phases of cell cycle. RESULTS Both global and liver-specific JCAD deficiency postponed liver regeneration after PH as indicated by reduced gene expression of cell cycle transition and DNA replication. Prolonged retention in G1 phase and failure to transition over the cell cycle checkpoint in JCAD-KO cell line was indicated by a FUCCI live-imaging system as well as pharmacologic blockage. JCAD replenishment by adenovirus reversed the impaired DNA synthesis in JCAD-KO primary hepatocyte in exposure to EGF, which was abrogated by a Yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibitor, verteporfin. Mechanistically, JCAD competed with large tumour suppressor 2 (LATS2) for WWC1 interaction, leading to LATS2 inhibition and thereafter YAP activation, and enhanced expression of cell cycle-associated genes. CONCLUSION JCAD deficiency led to delayed regeneration after PH as a result of blockage in cell cycle progression through the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway. These findings uncovered novel functions of JCAD and suggested a potential strategy for improving graft growth and function post liver transplantation. KEY POINTS JCAD deficiency leads to an impaired liver growth after PH due to cell division blockage. JCAD competes with LATS2 for WWC1 interaction, resulting in LATS2 inhibition, YAP activation and enhanced expression of cell cycle-associated genes. Delineation of JCADHippoYAP signalling pathway would facilitate to improve prognosis of acute liver failure and graft growth in living-donor liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- Institute of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Jia Ding
- Jing'an Central District HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xiu‐Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fa‐Xing Yu
- Institute of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & ParasitologyMOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyZhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Liver DiseasesFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
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11
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Mass-Sanchez PB, Krizanac M, Štancl P, Leopold M, Engel KM, Buhl EM, van Helden J, Gassler N, Schiller J, Karlić R, Möckel D, Lammers T, Meurer SK, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. Perilipin 5 deletion protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:94. [PMID: 38388533 PMCID: PMC10884415 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are incompletely understood. During the development of NAFLD, Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) can regulate lipid metabolism by suppressing lipolysis and preventing lipotoxicity. Other reports suggest that the lack of PLIN5 decreases hepatic injury, indicating a protective role in NAFLD pathology. To better understand the role of PLIN5 in liver disease, we established mouse models of NAFLD and NAFLD-induced HCC, in which wild-type and Plin5 null mice were exposed to a single dose of acetone or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in acetone, followed by a 30-week high-fat diet supplemented with glucose/fructose. In the NAFLD model, RNA-seq revealed significant changes in genes related to lipid metabolism and immune response. At the intermediate level, pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase B (AKT) were blunted in Plin5-deficient mice (Plin5-/-) compared to wild-type mice (WT). In the NAFLD-HCC model, only WT mice developed liver tumors, while Plin5-/- mice were resistant to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, only 32 differentially expressed genes associated with NALFD progession were identified in Plin5 null mice. The markers of mitochondrial function and immune response, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and phosphorylated STAT3, were decreased. Lipidomic analysis revealed differential levels of some sphingomyelins between WT and Plin5-/- mice. Interestingly, these changes were not detected in the HCC model, indicating a possible shift in the metabolism of sphingomelins during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Berenice Mass-Sanchez
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marinela Krizanac
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paula Štancl
- Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marvin Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Facutly of Medicine, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Facutly of Medicine, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Facutly of Medicine, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rosa Karlić
- Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Möckel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen K Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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12
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Choi KJ, Yoon MY, Kim JE, Yoon SS. Gut commensal Kineothrix alysoides mitigates liver dysfunction by restoring lipid metabolism and gut microbial balance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14668. [PMID: 37674003 PMCID: PMC10482948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, is a widespread liver condition characterized by excessive fat buildup in hepatocytes without significant alcohol consumption. Manipulation of the gut microbiome has been considered to prevent and improve the occurrence and progression of MASLD, particularly through the gut-liver axis. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the gut microbiome and liver function and determine whether the gut microbiome can ameliorate MASLD. We comparatively analyzed the gut microbiome composition between mice fed normal chow and those fed a high-fat diet and observed that the abundance of Kineothrix alysoides decreased in the high-fat group. Further analysis showed that treatment with K. alysoides in the high-fat diet group led to decreased weight loss, and MASLD attenuation. Importantly, K. alysoides treatment attenuated MASLD in mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHF), which can cause advanced liver damage. Furthermore, administration of K. alysoides altered the gut microbial composition in the HFHF diet group and improved MASLD. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of K. alysoides in restoring gut health and facilitating lipid metabolism to prevent and treat MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- BioMe Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Ye Q, Liu Y, Zhang G, Deng H, Wang X, Tuo L, Chen C, Pan X, Wu K, Fan J, Pan Q, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N. Deficiency of gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 promotes metabolic-associated fatty liver disease through PI3K/AKT/PDGF axis activation in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1402. [PMID: 36918564 PMCID: PMC10015095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders, including steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. We demonstrated that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) plays a central role in MAFLD progression. Male mice with liver Pck1 deficiency fed a normal diet displayed hepatic lipid disorder and liver injury, whereas fibrosis and inflammation were aggravated in mice fed a high-fat diet with drinking water containing fructose and glucose (HFCD-HF/G). Forced expression of hepatic PCK1 by adeno-associated virus ameliorated MAFLD in male mice. PCK1 deficiency stimulated lipogenic gene expression and lipid synthesis. Moreover, loss of hepatic PCK1 activated the RhoA/PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing intracellular GTP levels, increasing secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), and promoting hepatic stellate cell activation. Treatment with RhoA and AKT inhibitors or gene silencing of RhoA or AKT1 alleviated MAFLD progression in vivo. Hepatic PCK1 deficiency may be important in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis development through paracrine secretion of PDGF-AA in male mice, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Yang Y, Yu J, Huo J, Yan Y. Sesamin Attenuates Obesity-Associated Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:176-184. [PMID: 36637806 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of sesamin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). High-fat and high-fructose diet-fed mice supplemented with or without sesamin. The results suggested that sesamin-treated mice lost body weight and fat tissue weight, had lower levels of serum metabolic parameters, and insulin resistance was mitigated. Histological examinations showed that sesamin treatment mitigated the progression of hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. In addition, sesamin enhanced hepatic antioxidant capacity, and decreased the activations of hepatic c-jun N-terminal kinase, inhibitor of kappa B kinase α, and insulin receptor substrate 1 as well as hepatic interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Further experiments indicated that sesamin treatment downregulated GRP78 and phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) expression, and upregulated x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) expression in hepatic tissue. The aforementioned results suggest that sesamin alleviates obesity-associated NASH, which might be linked to the effect of sesamin on the regulation of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-IRE1/XBP1 pathway. Thus, sesamin may be a good food functional ingredient in the treatment of obesity-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayao Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Bai X, Wang J, Zhang X, Tang Y, He Y, Zhao J, Han L, Fang R, Liu Z, Dong H, Li Q, Ge J, Ma Y, Yu M, Sun R, Wang J, Fei J, Huang F. Deficiency of miR-29a/b1 leads to premature aging and dopaminergic neuroprotection in mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:978191. [PMID: 36277485 PMCID: PMC9582353 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.978191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The miR-29s family, including miR-29a and miR-29b1 as well as miR-29b2 and miR-29c, are implicated in aging, metabolism, neuronal survival, and neurological disorders. In this study, the roles of miR-29a/b1 in aging and PD were investigated. miR-29a/b1 knockout mice (named as 29a KO hereafter) and their wild-type (WT) controls were used to analyze aging-related phenotypes. After challenged with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), dopaminergic injuries, glial activation, and mouse behaviors were evaluated. Primary glial cells were further cultured to explore the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the levels of miR-29s in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD patients (n = 18) and healthy subjects (n = 17) were quantified. 29a KO mice showed dramatic weight loss, kyphosis, and along with increased and deepened wrinkles in skins, when compared with WT mice. Moreover, both abdominal and brown adipose tissues reduced in 29a KO mice, compared to their WT counterpart. However, in MPTP-induced PD mouse model, the deficiency of miR-29a/b1 led to less severe damages of dopaminergic system and mitigated glial activation in the nigrostriatal pathway, and subsequently alleviated the motor impairments in 3-month-old mice. Eight-month-old mutant mice maintained such a resistance to MPTP intoxication. Mechanistically, the deficiency of miR-29a/b-1 promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors in 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated primary mixed glia and primary astrocytes. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary microglia, knockout of miR-29a/b-1 inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors, and promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors. Knockout of miR-29a/b1 increased the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and repressed NF-κB/p65 signaling in glial cells. Moreover, we found miR-29a level was increased in the CSF of patients with PD. Our results suggest that 29a KO mice display the peripheral premature senility. The combined effects of less activated glial cells might contribute to the mitigated inflammatory responses and elicit resistance to MPTP intoxication in miR-29a/b1 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Bai
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Tang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Han
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Ge
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jian Wang,
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Fei,
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fang Huang,
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16
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Zhou Y, Feng Y, Yang L, Zheng P, Hang L, Jiang F, Yuan J, Zhu L. High-fat diet combined with dextran sulfate sodium failed to induce a more serious NASH phenotype than high-fat diet alone. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022172. [PMID: 36238563 PMCID: PMC9551200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Animal models are essential tools to investigate the pathogenesis of diseases. Disruption in the intestinal epithelial barrier and gut vascular barrier is an early event in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intestinal epithelial barrier can be destroyed by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) oral administration. High fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rat model has been widely used. Recently, the combination of HFD with DSS induced NASH model has also been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate whether this composite NASH animal model is more ideal than that induced by HFD alone. Methods: Rats were divided into control, HFD and HFD combined with DSS (DSS + HFD) groups. They were fed with routine diet, high-fat diet, and HFD combined with DSS drinking, respectively, for 22 weeks. Histopathological analysis (HE staining, Oil-Red O staining, Masson staining), lipid parameters testing (TG, TC, GLU, NEFA, TRIG, LDL, HDL), testing on indicators of inflammation (TNF-α, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH) and oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, CAT) were performed. Results: Rats in HFD and DSS + HFD group displayed increase in the body weight, liver weight, lipids accumulation and the levels of TNF-α, ALT, AST, ALP, MDA in serum and liver accompanied with impaired glucose tolerance, obvious hepatitis, and decreased levels of SOD and CAT in serum and liver compared to those in control group. Moreover, in the DSS + HFD group, but not in the HFD group, proliferation of fibrous tissue in the portal area and the hepatic lobules was found. Conclusion: The addition of DSS on high-fat diet did not exacerbate lipid accumulation and inflammation, but induced NASH-related liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Feng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Hang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianye Yuan, ; Lixin Zhu,
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianye Yuan, ; Lixin Zhu,
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17
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Wang L, Dong W, Gao H, Chen C, Liang S, Ye X, Liu Y, Hou Y, Fan L, Pan T, Wang Z, Chen Y, Luo Y, Song L. A non-mitogenic FGF4 analog alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through an AMPK-dependent pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166560. [PMID: 36167161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a major liver disease increasingly in association with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are currently no approved therapies for treating NAFLD and NASH. Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) has recently been shown as a promising drug candidate for several metabolic diseases. METHODS Mice fed a high-fat diet with high fructose/glucose drinking water (HF/HFG, Western-like diet) for 21 weeks were intraperitoneally injected with non-mitogenic recombinant FGF4△NT (rFGF4△NT, 1.0 mg/kg body weight) every other day for 8 weeks. Primary mouse hepatocytes cultured in medium containing high glucose/palmitic acid (HG/PA) or TNFα/cyclohexane (TNFα/CHX) were treated with 1.0 μg/ml rFGF4△NT. Changes in parameters for histopathology, lipid metabolism, inflammation, hepatocellular apoptosis and fibrosis were determined. The Caspase6 activity and AMPK pathway were assessed. RESULTS Administration of rFGF4△NT significantly attenuated the Western-like diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury and fibrosis in mice. rFGF4△NT treatment reduced fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, which were associated with inhibition of Caspase6 cleavage and activation. Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by Compound C or deficiency of Ampk abrogated rFGF4△NT-induced hepatoprotection in primary hepatocytes and in mice with NASH. CONCLUSION rFGF4△NT exerts significant protective effects on NASH via an AMPK-dependent signaling pathway. Our study indicates that FGF4 analogs may have therapeutic potential for the Western-like diet induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenliya Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xianxi Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yushu Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Clinical Pharmacy Research Center, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zengshou Wang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yongping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yongde Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Lintao Song
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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18
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Kanazawa J, Kakisaka K, Suzuki Y, Yonezawa T, Abe H, Wang T, Takikawa Y. Excess fructose enhances oleatic cytotoxicity via reactive oxygen species production and causes necroptosis in hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Updates on novel pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1180-1190. [PMID: 35190696 PMCID: PMC9061746 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized with hepatocellular steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, fibrotic progression, and insulin resistance. NASH may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are the major indications for liver transplantation and the causes for mortality. Thus far, there are no approved pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of NASH. Given the complexity of NASH pathogenesis at multifaceted aspects, such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrotic progression, pharmacotherapeutics under investigation target different key pathogenic pathways to gain either the resolution of steatohepatitis or regression of fibrosis, ideally both. Varieties of pharmacologic candidates have been tested in clinical trials and have generated some positive results. On the other hand, recent failure or termination of a few phase II and III trials is disappointing in this field. In face to growing challenges in pharmaceutical development, this review intends to summarize the latest data of new medications which have completed phase II or III trials, and discuss the rationale and preliminary results of several combinatory options. It is anticipated that with improved understanding of NASH pathogenesis and critical endpoints, efficient pharmacotherapeutics will be available for the treatment of NASH with an acceptable safety profile.
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20
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Abstract
The involvement of inflammasomes in the proinflammatory response observed in chronic liver diseases, such as alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is widely recognized. Although there are different types of inflammasomes, most studies to date have given attention to NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) in the pathogenesis of ALD, NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Canonical inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that are assembled after the sensing of danger signals and activate caspase-1, which matures interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 and also induces a form of cell death called pyroptosis. Noncanonical inflammasomes activate caspase-11 to induce pyroptosis. We discuss the different types of inflammasomes involved in liver diseases with a focus on (a) signals and mechanisms of inflammasome activation, (b) the role of different types of inflammasomes and their products in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, and (c) potential therapeutic strategies targeting components of the inflammasomes or cytokines produced upon inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle de Carvalho Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; ,
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; ,
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21
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Thongnak L, Pengrattanachot N, Promsan S, Phengpol N, Sutthasupha P, Chatsudthipong V, Lungkaphin A. The combination of dapagliflozin and statins ameliorates renal injury through attenuating the activation of inflammasome-mediated autophagy in insulin-resistant rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22978. [PMID: 34939712 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use of a high-fat diet with high-fructose (HFF) intake could promote insulin resistance and induce lipid accumulation leading to kidney injury possibly via impairment of the autophagy process and enhancement of the inflammasome pathway. We investigated whether dapagliflozin as a monotherapy or combined with atorvastatin could restore kidney autophagy impairment and reduce inflammasome activation associated with kidney injury induced by HFF consumption. Male Wistar rats were given an HFF for 16 weeks and then treated with dapagliflozin with or without atorvastatin for 4 weeks. Impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, renal lipid accumulation along with impaired renal autophagy and activated inflammasome pathway promoted renal injury were exhibited in HFF rats. Dapagliflozin with or without atorvastatin treatment could partially restore disrupted metabolic parameters and reduce kidney injury. In particular, the combination treatment group showed significant amelioration of inflammasome activation and autophagy impairment. In conclusion, the combination therapy of dapagliflozin and atorvastatin has a positive effect on renal injury associated with autophagy and inflammasome activation induced by HFF in insulin-resistant rats. This study is the first report demonstrating the underlying mechanism associated with a combination treatment of dapagliflozin and atorvastatin on autophagy and inflammasome pathways in an insulin-resistant condition. Therefore, dapagliflozin in combination with atorvastatin may be a further preventive or therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease in an insulin-resistant or diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prempree Sutthasupha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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22
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Zhu J, Wang J, Wang X, Gao M, Guo B, Gao M, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang L, Kong W, An Y, Liu Z, Sun X, Huang Z, Zhou H, Zhang N, Zheng R, Xie Z. Prediction of drug efficacy from transcriptional profiles with deep learning. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1444-1452. [PMID: 34140681 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery focused on target proteins has been a successful strategy, but many diseases and biological processes lack obvious targets to enable such approaches. Here, to overcome this challenge, we describe a deep learning-based efficacy prediction system (DLEPS) that identifies drug candidates using a change in the gene expression profile in the diseased state as input. DLEPS was trained using chemically induced changes in transcriptional profiles from the L1000 project. We found that the changes in transcriptional profiles for previously unexamined molecules were predicted with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.74. We examined three disorders and experimentally tested the top drug candidates in mouse disease models. Validation showed that perillen, chikusetsusaponin IV and trametinib confer disease-relevant impacts against obesity, hyperuricemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, respectively. DLEPS can generate insights into pathogenic mechanisms, and we demonstrate that the MEK-ERK signaling pathway is a target for developing agents against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Our findings suggest that DLEPS is an effective tool for drug repurposing and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- Beijing & Qingdao Langu Pharmaceutical R&D Platform, Beijing Gigaceuticals Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Gao
- Beijing & Qingdao Langu Pharmaceutical R&D Platform, Beijing Gigaceuticals Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weikaixin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongpan An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zurui Liu
- Beijing & Qingdao Langu Pharmaceutical R&D Platform, Beijing Gigaceuticals Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Sun
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing & Qingdao Langu Pharmaceutical R&D Platform, Beijing Gigaceuticals Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, China.
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23
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Wang ZH, Zheng KI, Wang XD, Qiao J, Li YY, Zhang L, Zheng MH, Wu J. LC-MS-based lipidomic analysis in distinguishing patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 20:452-459. [PMID: 34256994 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main liver diseases, and its pathologic profile includes nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there is no reliable non-invasive parameter in distinguishing NASH from NAFL in clinical practice. The present study was to find a non-invasive way to differentiate these two categories of NAFLD via lipidomic analysis. METHODS Lipidomic analysis was used to determine the changes of lipid moieties in blood from 20 NAFL and 10 NASH patients with liver biopsy. Liver histology was evaluated after hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. The profile of lipid metabolites in correlation with steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular necroptosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score (NAS) was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with NAFL patients, NASH patients had higher degree of steatosis, ballooning degeneration, lobular inflammation. A total of 434 different lipid molecules were identified, which were mainly composed of various phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Many lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) (P-22:0/18:1), sphingomyelin (SM) (d14:0/18:0), SM (d14:0/24:0), SM (d14:0/22:0), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/22:5), PC (O-22:2/12:0), and PC (26:1/11:0) were elevated in the NASH group compared to those in the NAFL group. Specific analysis revealed an overall lipidomic profile shift from NAFL to NASH, and identified valuable lipid moieties, such as PCs [PC (14:0/18:2), PE (18:0/22:5) and PC (26:1/11:0)] or plasmalogens [PC (O-22:0/0:0), PC (O-18:0/0:0), PC (O-16:0/0:0)], which were significantly altered in NASH patients. In addition, PC (14:0/18:2), phosphatidic acid (18:2/24:4) were positively correlated with NAS; whereas PC (18:0/0:0) was correlated positively with fibrosis score. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed overall lipidomic profile shift from NAFL to NASH, identified valuable lipid moieties which may be non-invasive biomarkers in the categorization of NAFLD. The correlations between lipid moieties and NAS and fibrosis scores indicate that these lipid biomarkers may be used to predict the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Department of General Practice, Huaihai Middle Road Community Health Service Center of Huangpu District, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Laboratory of Fatty Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China.
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24
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Eng JM, Estall JL. Diet-Induced Models of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Food for Thought on Sugar, Fat, and Cholesterol. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071805. [PMID: 34359974 PMCID: PMC8303413 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide and is a major burden to health care systems. A major concern in NAFLD research is lack of confidence in pre-clinical animal models, raising questions regarding translation to humans. Recently, there has been renewed interest in creating dietary models of NAFLD with higher similarity to human diets in hopes to better recapitulate disease pathology. This review summarizes recent research comparing individual roles of major dietary components to NAFLD and addresses common misconceptions surrounding frequently used diet-based NAFLD models. We discuss the effects of glucose, fructose, and sucrose on the liver, and how solid vs. liquid sugar differ in promoting disease. We consider studies on dosages of fat and cholesterol needed to promote NAFLD versus NASH, and discuss important considerations when choosing control diets, mouse strains, and diet duration. Lastly, we provide our recommendations on amount and type of sugar, fat, and cholesterol to include when modelling diet-induced NAFLD/NASH in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Eng
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Estall
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-987-5688
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25
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Pohjanvirta R, Karppinen I, Galbán-Velázquez S, Esteban J, Håkansson H, Sankari S, Lindén J. Effects of a high-fat diet and global aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency on energy balance and liver retinoid status in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108762. [PMID: 33965534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are only beginning to unfold. Studies in wildtype and AHR knockout (AHRKO) mice have recently disclosed that AHR activity is required for obesity and steatohepatitis to develop when mice are fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, a line of AHRKO mouse has been reported to accumulate retinoids in the liver. Whether these are universal manifestations across species related to AHR activity level is not known yet. Therefore, we here subjected wildtype and AHRKO male rats (on Sprague-Dawley background) to HFD feeding coupled with free access to 10% sucrose solution and water; controls received a standard diet and water. Although the HFD-fed rats consumed more energy throughout the 24-week feeding regimen, they did not get overweight. However, relative weights of the brown and epididymal adipose tissues were elevated in HFD-fed rats, while that of the liver was lower in AHRKO than wildtype rats. Moreover, the four groups exhibited diet- or genotype-dependent differences in biochemical variables, some of which suggested marked dissimilarities from AHRKO mice. Expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes was induced in livers of HFD-fed AHRKO rats, but histologically they did not differ from others. HFD reduced the hepatic concentrations of retinyl palmitate, 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid and (suggestively) retinol, whereas AHR status had no effect. Hence, the background strain/line of AHRKO rat is resistant to diet-induced obesity, and AHR does not modulate this or liver retinoid concentrations. Yet, subtle AHR-dependent differences in energy balance-related factors exist despite similar weight development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene & Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ira Karppinen
- Department of Food Hygiene & Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Sankari
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Lindén
- FCLAP, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Zhao R, Xiang B, Dolinsky VW, Xia M, Shen GX. Saskatoon berry powder reduces hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in high fat-high sucrose diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108778. [PMID: 34004342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and lacks a specific treatment. Our previous studies demonstrated that freeze-dried Saskatoon berry powder (SBp) reduced high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice. The present study examined the effect of SBp and one of its active components, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), on hepatic steatosis in mice fed with HFHS diet for 10 weeks. HFHS diet significantly increased fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin resistance, inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, plasminogen activator inbitor-1), alanine aminotransferase activity, and monocyte adhesion compared to control diet. In the liver, HFHS diet increased steatosis, lipid accumulation, collagen deposition, and the abundance of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, toll-like receptor-4, and macrophage marker. Supplementation with SBp (5%) or C3G in an amount corresponding to that in 5% SBp to HFHS diet had similar effects to reduced fasting plasma glucose, liver steatosis, enzyme activity, lipid, collagen and macrophage deposition, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, monocyte adhesion, markers related to liver steatosis, inflammation, oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stress in the peripheral circulation and/or liver compared to mice fed with HFHS diet alone. No significant difference in the studied variables was detected between mice treated with HFHS+SBp and C3G diet. The results suggest that SBp or C3G administration attenuates HFHS diet-induced liver steatosis in addition to insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in mice. C3G may contribute to the beneficial effects of SBp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhi Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Min Xia
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Garry X Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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27
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Zhu LY, Liu C, Li ZR, Niu C, Wu J. NLRP3 deficiency did not attenuate NASH development under high fat calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water. J Transl Med 2021; 101:588-599. [PMID: 33526807 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) promotes the inflammatory response during progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to further delineate the role of NLRP3 in NASH development by abolishing its expression in mice. A high-fat and calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water (HFCD-HF/G) was used to establish NASH in both wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knock-out (KO) mice. Hepatocellular injury, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as inflammatory response and insulin resistance in the liver and epidydimal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were determined. Elevated body weight, liver weight and serum alanine transaminase level, increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation and collagen deposition, and worsened systemic insulin resistance were observed in Nlrp3-/- mice compared to WT mice under HFCD-HF/G feeding. Upregulated hepatic transcription of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and enhanced infiltration of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive (iNOS+) M1 macrophages were also documented in HFCD-HF/G-fed Nlrp3-/- mice in comparison to HFCD-HF/G-fed WT mice. Moreover, transcription of TNF-α and MCP-1 and infiltration of iNOS+ M1 macrophages were increased in the liver of Nlrp3-/- mice under control diet. NLRP3 deficiency did not attenuate, but instead aggravated NASH development under HFCD-HF/G feeding. The worsened extent of NASH might be attributed to enhanced hepatic MCP-1 expression and M1 macrophage infiltration in Nlrp3-/- mice. Our study points to additional caution when NLRP3 blockade is considered as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yan Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lu Z, Lu F, Wu L, He B, Chen Z, Yan M. Berberine attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating chemerin/CMKLR1 signalling pathway and Treg/Th17 ratio. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:383-390. [PMID: 32524150 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To observe the therapeutic effect of berberine (BBR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of NASH was established by a high-fat diet, and BBR was used as treatment. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and Oil Red O staining were used to observe the pathological changes in the liver tissue. Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels in the liver. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the number of intrahepatic lymphocyte subtypes. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood was measured by ELISA. An automatic biochemical method was used to examine the level of blood lipids in the blood. Compared with the rats in the model group, the rats in the BBR group showed significantly improved liver histopathology and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expression of chemerin, CMKLR1 and CCR2 in the liver were obviously reduced by BBR treatment. In addition, the high-fat diet remarkably reduced the intrahepatic Treg/Th17 ratio, which could be recovered by BBR treatment. Berberine can ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and its mechanism may be related to restoring the Treg/Th17 ratio, regulating the chemerin/CMKLR1 signalling pathway to reduce liver inflammation and reducing lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengbin Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Beihui He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases in Combination with Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases in Combination with Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maoxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases in Combination with Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Xu WP, Cui YL, Chen LL, Ding K, Ding CH, Chen F, Zhang X, Xie WF. Deletion of Sox9 in the liver leads to hepatic cystogenesis in mice by transcriptionally downregulating Sec63. J Pathol 2021; 254:57-69. [PMID: 33512716 DOI: 10.1002/path.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic cysts are found in heterogeneous disorders with different pathogeneses, of which simple hepatic cysts and polycystic liver diseases are two major types. The process of hepatic cytogenesis for these two diseases is caused by defects in remodelling of the ductal plate during biliary tract development, which is called ductal plate malformation. SOX9 is a transcription factor participating in the process of bile duct development, and thus, its dysregulation may play important roles in hepatic cystogenesis. SEC63 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that is mutated in human autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. However, the transcriptional regulation of SEC63 is largely unknown. In the present study, a liver-specific Sox9 knockout (Sox9LKO ) mouse was generated to investigate the roles and underlying mechanism of SOX9 in hepatic cystogenesis. We found that hepatic cysts began to be observed in Sox9LKO mice at 6 months of age. The number and size of cysts increased with age in Sox9LKO mice. In addition, the characteristics of hepatic cytogenesis, including the activation of proliferation, absence of primary cilium, and disorder of polarity in biliary epithelial cells, were detected in the livers of Sox9LKO mice. RNAi silencing of SOX9 in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpic) resulted in increased proliferation and reduced formation of the primary cilium. Moreover, Sec63 was downregulated in primary biliary epithelial cells from Sox9LKO mice and SEC63 in HIBEpic transfected with siSOX9. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that SOX9 transcriptionally regulated the expression of SEC63 in biliary epithelial cells. Importantly, the overexpression of SEC63 in HIBEpic partially reversed the effects of SOX9 depletion on the formation of primary cilia and cell proliferation. These findings highlight the biological significance of SOX9 in hepatic cytogenesis and elucidate a novel molecular mechanism underlying hepatic cytogenesis. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ya-Lu Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Lin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen-Hong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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30
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Xu G, Wang YM, Ying MM, Chen SD, Li ZR, Ma HL, Zheng MH, Wu J, Ding C. Serum lipocalin-2 is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2021; 27:329-345. [PMID: 33465844 PMCID: PMC8046622 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of a key biomarker, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), for the detection of NASH progression. Methods A mouse NASH model was established using a high-fat diet and a high-sugar drinking water. Gene expression profile of the NASH model was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Moreover, 360 NAFLD patients (steatosis, 83; NASH, 277), 40 healthy individuals, and 87 patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited. Results Inflammatory infiltration, focal necrosis in the leaflets, steatosis, and fibrosis were documented in the mouse liver. In total, 504 genes were differentially expressed in the livers of NASH mice, and showed significant functional enrichment in the inflammation-related category. Upregulated liver LCN2 was found to be significantly interactive with various interleukins and toll-like receptors. Serum LCN2 levels were significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Serum LCN2 levels were correlated with steatosis, intralobular inflammation, semiquantitative fibrosis score, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. The area under the curve of serum LCN2 was 0.987 with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.5% for NASH diagnosis, and 0.977 with almost the same specificity and sensitivity for steatosis. Conclusions LCN2 might be involved in the transition from NAFL to NASH by mediating inflammation. Serum LCN2 levels might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Ying
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sui-Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lei Ma
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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31
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The pharmacodynamic and differential gene expression analysis of PPAR α/δ agonist GFT505 in CDAHFD-induced NASH model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243911. [PMID: 33326461 PMCID: PMC7743980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ (PPAR α/δ), regulating glucolipid metabolism and immune inflammation, has been identified as an effective therapeutic target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dual PPAR α/δ agonist, such as GFT505 (also known as elafibranor), demonstrated potential therapeutic effect for NASH in clinical trials. To profile the regulatory network of PPAR α/δ agonist in NASH, the choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) induced NASH model was used to test the pharmacodynamics and transcriptome regulation of GFT505 in this study. The results showed that GFT505 ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in CDAHFD mice model. RNA-sequencing yielded 3995 up-regulated and 3576 down-regulated genes with GFT505 treatment. And the most significant differentialy expressed genes involved in glucolipid metabolism (Pparα, Acox1, Cpt1b, Fabp4, Ehhadh, Fabp3), inflammation (Ccl6, Ccl9, Cxcl14) and fibrosis (Timp1, Lamc3, Timp2, Col3a1, Col1a2, Col1a1, Hapln4, Timp3, Pik3r5, Pdgfα, Pdgfβ, Tgfβ1, Tgfβ2) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The down-regulated genes were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and ECM-receptor interaction pathway, while the up-regulated genes were enriched in PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid degradation pathway. This study provides clues and basis for further understanding on the mechanism of PPAR α/δ agonist on NASH.
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32
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Harris SE, Poolman TM, Arvaniti A, Cox RD, Gathercole LL, Tomlinson JW. The American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet in male and female rodents recapitulates the clinical and transcriptomic features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G345-G360. [PMID: 32755310 PMCID: PMC7509261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00055.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma remain poorly understood. Additionally, there is increasing recognition of the extrahepatic manifestations associated with NAFLD and NASH. We demonstrate that intervention with the American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet in male and female mice recapitulates many of the clinical and transcriptomic features of human NAFLD and NASH. Male and female C57BL/6N mice were fed either normal chow (NC) or ALIOS from 11 to 52 wk and underwent comprehensive metabolic analysis throughout the duration of the study. From 26 wk, ALIOS-fed mice developed features of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. ALIOS-fed mice also had an increased incidence of hepatic tumors at 52 wk compared with those fed NC. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in multiple genes associated with inflammation and tissue repair in ALIOS-fed mice. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis confirmed dysregulation of metabolic pathways as well as those associated with liver disease and cancer. In parallel the development of a robust hepatic phenotype, ALIOS-fed mice displayed many of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, including hyperlipidemia, increased fat mass, sarcopenia, and insulin resistance. The ALIOS diet in mice recapitulates many of the clinical features of NAFLD and, therefore, represents a robust and reproducible model for investigating the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 30% of the general population and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical models rely on mouse models that often display hepatic characteristics of NAFLD but rarely progress to NASH and seldom depict the multisystem effects of the disease. We have conducted comprehensive metabolic analysis of both male and female mice consuming a Western diet of trans fats and sugar, focusing on both their hepatic phenotype and extrahepatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E. Harris
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Toryn M. Poolman
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Arvaniti
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,2Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roger D. Cox
- 3Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L. Gathercole
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,2Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy W. Tomlinson
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Thongnak L, Chatsudthipong V, Lungkaphin A. Mitigation of renal inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by vildagliptin and statins in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance and renal injury in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158755. [PMID: 32534015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in obesity can lead to lipotoxicity and cellular damage. Renal lipotoxicity in association with an impairment of lipid metabolism induces renal damage through the activation of inflammation, ER stress, fibrosis and apoptosis. We investigated the effects of a combination treatment of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and atorvastatin on renal lipotoxicity related to renal dysfunction and injury in a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFF)-induced insulin resistant condition. Male Wistar rats were fed on a high-fat diet and were given drinking water with 10% fructose for 16 weeks. After that, rats were divided into: no treatment (HFF), treatment with vildagliptin, atorvastatin and vildagliptin plus atorvastatin for 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that the combination treatment prominently improved insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and kidney morphological changes induced by HFF. These changes correlated well with the increased expression of nephrin and podocin and decreased urine protein. Notably, the combined treatment produced greater improvement in renal lipid metabolism through increasing fatty acid oxidation with the decreases in fatty acid transporters and fatty acid synthesis, thereby reducing renal lipid accumulation in HFF rats. The reduction in renal lipotoxicity via diminishing renal inflammation, ER stress, fibrosis and apoptosis was also more significant in the combined treatment group than in the other groups in which the drug was used as a monotherapy. In conclusion, the combination therapy produced synergistic beneficial effects on metabolic parameters, lipid metabolism and accumulation related to renal lipid accumulation-induced lipotoxicity and kidney injury in the HFF-induced insulin resistant model with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Effects of dapagliflozin and statins attenuate renal injury and liver steatosis in high-fat/high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistant rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 396:114997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu XJ, Xie L, Du K, Liu C, Zhang NP, Gu CJ, Wang Y, Abdelmalek MF, Dong WY, Liu XP, Niu C, Yang C, Diehl AM, Wu J. Succinate-GPR-91 receptor signalling is responsible for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated fibrosis: Effects of DHA supplementation. Liver Int 2020; 40:830-843. [PMID: 31903720 PMCID: PMC9990138 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is challenging, because suppressing fibrotic progression has not been achieved consistently by drug candidates currently in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular interplays underlying NASH-associated fibrosis in a mouse NASH model and human specimens. METHODS Mice were divided into 4 groups: Controls; NASH (high fat/Calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water, HFCD-HF/G) for 16 weeks; HFCD-HF/G plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 16 or 8 weeks. RESULTS Along with NASH progression, fibrotic deposition was documented in HFCD-HF/G-fed mice. Liver succinate content was significantly increased along with decreased expression of succinate dehydrogenase-A (SDH-A) in these mice; whereas, GPR-91 receptor expression was much enhanced in histology compared to control mice, and co-localized histologically with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Succinate content was increased in fatty acid-overloaded primary hepatocytes with significant oxidant stress and lipotoxicity. Exposure to succinate led to up-regulation of GPR-91 receptor in primary and immortalized HSCs. In contrast, suppression of GPR-91 receptor expression abolished succinate stimulatory role in GPR-91 expression and extracellular matrix production in HSCs. All these changes were minimized or abrogated by DHA supplementation in vivo or in vitro. Moreover, GPR-91 receptor expression correlates with severity of fibrosis in human NASH biopsy specimens. CONCLUSION Succinate accumulation in steatotoic hepatocytes may result in HSC activation through GPR-91 receptor signalling in NASH progression, and the cross-talk between hepatocytes and HSC through GPR-91 signalling is most likely to be the molecular basis of fibrogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuo Du
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Dept. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Jian Gu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manal F Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wen-Yue Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biologic Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biologic Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Dept. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Liu XJ, Liu C, Zhu LY, Fan CL, Niu C, Liu XP, Liu HL, Wu J. Hepalatide ameliorated progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110053. [PMID: 32200254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No FDA-approved medications are available for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The present study aimed to assess the effects of Hepalatide, a sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor-binding agent, on metabolic and histopathologic changes of a mouse model of NASH caused by high fat/calorie diet plus high fructose/glucose in drinking water (HFCD-HF/G) for 16 weeks. METHODS Male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: controls (normal diet), HFCD-HF/G group, HFCD-HF/G plus low or high dose of Hepalatide (20 or 60 mg/kg, LH or HH, s.c. from 9 to 16 weeks). RESULTS Compared to HFCD-HF/G-fed mice, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in mice fed HFCD-HF/G plus LH or HH were decreased. The treatment with Hepalatide decreased serum alanine aminotransferase levels significantly. Liver histology and TUNEL staining showed that Hepalatide remarkably attenuated inflammation, hepatocellular steatosis and apoptosis. Hepalatide treatment decreased fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and HOMA insulin resistance index in the HH group. Moreover, Masson's staining, semi-quantitative score of fibrosis, and hydroxyproline content demonstrated that Hepalatide mitigated fibrotic progression in this murine NASH model. Additionally, most components of liver and few serum bile acids were increased in mice treated with HH. CONCLUSION Hepalatide effectively alleviated the pathological process, metabolic profile, hepatocellular steatosis and injury, insulin resistance, halted hepatic fibrotic progression in a mouse model of NASH, most likely through the increase of serum bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liu-Yan Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cui-Li Fan
- Shanghai Hep Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Shanghai Hep Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China; Laboratory of Fatty Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China; Dept. of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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37
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Yao Q, Li S, Cheng X, Zou Y, Shen Y, Zhang S. Yin Zhi Huang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, ameliorates diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPK/SREBP-1 and the AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:231. [PMID: 32309378 PMCID: PMC7154390 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Yin Zhi Huang (YZH) is a formula composed of Artemisia scoparia, Gardeniae fructus, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Most of the components are eaten as food in Asia. Here, we evaluated the role of YZH on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal-chow diet, HFD, and HFD with low- or high-dose YZH for 16 weeks. Body weight gain, adipose mass, and plasma lipids levels were measured to evaluate the effect of YZH on obesity. Liver weight and staining methods on liver tissues were used to determine hepatic steatosis. The expression of involved genes and proteins were screened with qRT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Results The results showed that YZH significantly reduced body weight gain, adipose mass, and the size of adipocytes, while did not affect food intake in HFD-fed mice. H&E staining, bodipy staining, and oil red O staining displayed that YZH alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation. It also effectively restored elevated plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistically, these effects of YZH have associated with a decrease of AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway-mediated de novo lipogenesis and an increase of AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathway-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid β oxidation. Conclusions YZH supplementation ameliorated diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by decreasing AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway-mediated de novo lipogenesis and increasing AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathway-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid β oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanting Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuncai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
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38
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Yadav A, Shah N, Tiwari PK, Javed K, Cheng Q, Aidhen IS, Bröer S. Novel Chemical Scaffolds to Inhibit the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter B 0AT1 (SLC6A19), a Potential Target to Treat Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:140. [PMID: 32180718 PMCID: PMC7059793 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of B0AT1 (SLC6A19) partially protects mice against the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To achieve a similar outcome through pharmacological treatment, we improved previously identified inhibitors of B0AT1 by medicinal chemistry and identified second generation inhibitors by high through-put screening. Modified diarylmethine compounds inhibited B0AT1 with IC50 values ranging from 8-90 μM. A second generation of inhibitors was derived from high-throughput screening and showed higher affinity (IC50 of 1-15 μM) and strong selectivity against amino acid transporters with similar substrate specificity, such as ASCT2 (SLC1A5) and LAT1 (SLC7A5). All compounds were unrelated to B0AT1 substrates, but were likely to bind in the vicinity of the substrate binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Yadav
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nishank Shah
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Kiran Javed
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Qi Cheng
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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39
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Hassan NF, Nada SA, Hassan A, El-Ansary MR, Al-Shorbagy MY, Abdelsalam RM. Saroglitazar Deactivates the Hepatic LPS/TLR4 Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Adipocyte Dysfunction in Rats with High-Fat Emulsion/LPS Model-Induced Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Inflammation 2019; 42:1056-1070. [PMID: 30737662 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The most epidemic liver disorder non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with hepatocellular damage. Recently, it is predictable to be the extensive cause for liver transplantation. The absence of an approved therapeutic agent for NASH is the reason for investigating saroglitazar (SAR) which showed promising effects as a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist in recent studies on NASH. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of SAR on NASH induced in rats by the administration of high-fat emulsion (HFE) and small doses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 5 weeks. Rats were divided into three groups: negative control group (saline and standard rodent chow), model group (HFE(10 ml/kg/day, oral gavage) + LPS(0.5 mg/kg/week, i.p)), and SAR-treated group (HFE(10 ml/kg/day, oral gavage) + LPS(0.5 mg/kg/week, i.p.) + SAR(4 mg/kg/day, oral gavage) starting at week 3.Treatment with SAR successfully ameliorated the damaging effects of HFE with LPS, by counteracting body weight gain and biochemically by normalization of liver function parameters activity, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA-IR) score, lipid profile levels, and histopathological examination. Significant changes in adipokine levels were perceived, resulting in a significant decline in serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level concurrent with adiponectin normalization. The positive effects observed for SAR on NASH are due to the downregulation of the LPS/TLR4 pathway, as indicated by the suppression of hepatic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κB, TNF-α, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression. In conclusion, this work verified that SAR ameliorates NASH through deactivation of the hepatic LPS/TLR4 pathway and inhibition of adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia A Nada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Al-Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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40
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Impaired mitophagy triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Transl Med 2019; 99:749-763. [PMID: 30700851 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammation is an important mechanism in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aims to delineate how mitophagy affects NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatic lipotoxicity. Mice were fed a high fat/calorie diet (HFCD) for 24 weeks. Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with palmitic acid (PA) for various periods of time. Mitophagy was measured by protein levels of LC3II and P62. NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β at mRNA and protein levels were used as indicators of inflammasome activation. Along with steatotic progression in HFCD-fed mice, ratio of LC3II/β-actin was decreased concurrently with increased levels of liver P62, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and serum IL-1β levels in late-stage NASH. PA treatment resulted in mitochondrial oxidative stress and initiated mitophagy in primary hepatocytes. The addition of cyclosporine A did not change LC3II/Τοmm20 ratios; but P62 levels were increased after an extended duration of PA exposure, indicating a defect in autophagic activity. Along with impaired mitophagy, mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-18 and IL-1β were upregulated by PA treatment. Pretreatment with MCC950, N-acetyl cysteine or acetyl-L-carnitine reversed inflammasome activation and a pyroptotic cascade. Additionally, mitophagic flux was partially recovered as indicated by increases in LC3II/Tomm20 ratio, parkin, and PINK1 expression, and decreased P62 expression. The findings suggest that impaired mitophagy triggers hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a murine NASH model and primary hepatocytes. The new insights into inflammasome activation through mitophagy advance our understanding of how fatty acids elicit lipotoxicity through oxidant stress and autophagy in mitochondria.
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41
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Lu D, Lin C, Jiao X, Song Z, Wang L, Gu J, Li Z. Short-term High Fructose Intake Reprograms the Transcriptional Clock Rhythm of the Murine Extraorbital Lacrimal Gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2038-2048. [PMID: 31070671 PMCID: PMC6890433 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether high fructose intake (HFI) influences the daily transcriptional clock rhythms of murine extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs). Methods Timed ELGs were collected from two groups of C57BL/6J mice subjected to a 12-hour light/12-hour dark (LD) cycle for 10 days; the first group received water-only feeding and the second received water with 15% fructose. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing. A JTK_CYCLE algorithm and computational software were used to determine the periodicity, rhythmicity, and amplitude of the cycling transcripts. The rhythmic transcripts from different conditions were analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Results HFI feeding caused massive remodeling of the preexisting rhythmic genes in the normal control (NC)-fed ELGs. The induced transcripts in HFI-fed mice resulted in a profound reorganization of the coordinated transcriptional oscillations and KEGG pathways. Moreover, HFI feeding significantly altered the distribution of the KEGG pathways over an LD in the ELGs. Finally, we found that the ELGs have a robust core clock machinery and HFI feeding altered amplitude and the peak phase of clock gene transcriptional oscillation in ELGs. Conclusions Short-term HFI reprograms the daily transcriptomic oscillation of murine ELGs. This information may deepen our understanding of the outcomes of lacrimal glands altered by nutritional challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Lu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuipei Lin
- International Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongming Song
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,International Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China.,Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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42
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Metformin attenuates the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and affects intestinal microbiota and barrier in small intestine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6668. [PMID: 31040374 PMCID: PMC6491483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin has been proposed to affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through its effects on intestinal microbiota and barrier function. However, so far most studies focused on long-term effects and more progressed disease stages. The aim of this study was to assess in two experimental settings, if the onset of NAFLD is associated with changes of intestinal microbiota and barrier function and to determine effects of metformin herein. C57Bl/6J mice were fed a liquid control diet (C) or fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) for four days or six weeks ±300 mg/kg BW/day metformin (Met). Markers of liver health, intestinal barrier function and microbiota composition were assessed. Metformin treatment markedly attenuated FFC-induced NAFLD in both experiments with markers of inflammation and lipidperoxidation in livers of FFC + Met-fed mice being almost at the level of controls. Metformin treatment attenuated the loss of tight junction proteins in small intestine and the increase of bacterial endotoxin levels in portal plasma. Changes of intestinal microbiota found in FFC-fed mice were also significantly blunted in FFC + Met-fed mice. Taken together, protective effects of metformin on the onset of NAFLD are associated with changes of intestinal microbiota composition and lower translocation of bacterial endotoxins.
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Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Cholesterol cholelithiasis: part of a systemic metabolic disease, prone to primary prevention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:157-171. [PMID: 30791781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1549988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease have relationships with various conditions linked with insulin resistance, but also with heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These associations derive from mechanisms active at a local (i.e. gallbladder, bile) and a systemic level and are involved in inflammation, hormones, nuclear receptors, signaling molecules, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, and gut microbiota. Despite advanced knowledge of these pathways, the available therapeutic options for symptomatic gallstone patients remain limited. Therapy includes oral litholysis by the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in a small subgroup of patients at high risk of postdissolution recurrence, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the therapeutic radical gold standard treatment. Cholecystectomy, however, may not be a neutral event, and potentially generates health problems, including the metabolic syndrome. Areas covered: Several studies on risk factors and pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease, acting at a systemic level have been reviewed through a PubMed search. Authors have focused on primary prevention and novel potential therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: The ultimate goal appears to target the manageable systemic mechanisms responsible for gallstone occurrence, pointing to primary prevention measures. Changes must target lifestyles, as well as experimenting innovative pharmacological tools in subgroups of patients at high risk of developing gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Bisceglie , Bisceglie , Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases , Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
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Guimarães J, Bargut TCL, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Medium-chain triglyceride reinforce the hepatic damage caused by fructose intake in mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:64-71. [PMID: 30553406 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglyceride oil on the high fructose diet-provoked hepatic abnormalities in mice. We used C57bl/6 mice of 3-months-old divided into four groups for 12 weeks: control (C), control with MCT (C-MCT), fructose (F), and fructose with MCT (F-MCT). We investigated food and water intake, body mass, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, plasma and liver biochemistry, hepatic protein and gene expression. There were no changes in body mass, food intake and glucose tolerance among the groups. The F group presented increased water intake and blood pressure associated with hepatic steatosis and elevated de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammation in the liver. Surprisingly, the C-MCT group also showed hepatic steatosis and inflammation in the liver, and the F-MCT group had no exacerbations of fructose-induced abnormalities, showing marked hepatic steatosis, lipogenesis de novo and hepatic inflammation. The MCT oil groups also presented increased beta-oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, MCT oil showed detrimental hepatic effects and should be used with caution, especially in the presence of hepatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Guimarães
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Di TM, Yang SL, Du FY, Zhao L, Li XH, Xia T, Zhang XF. Oleiferasaponin A₂, a Novel Saponin from Camellia oleifera Abel. Seeds, Inhibits Lipid Accumulation of HepG2 Cells Through Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism. Molecules 2018; 23:E3296. [PMID: 30545108 PMCID: PMC6321182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpenoid saponin, named oleiferasaponin A₂, was isolated and identified from Camellia oleifera defatted seeds. Oleiferasaponin A₂ exhibited anti-hyperlipidemic activity on HepG2 cell lines. Further study of the hypolipidemic mechanism showed that oleiferasaponin A₂ inhibited fatty acid synthesis by significantly down-regulating the expression of SREBP-1c, FAS and FAS protein, while dramatically promoting fatty acid β-oxidation by up-regulating the expression of ACOX-1, CPT-1 and ACOX-1 protein. Our results demonstrate that the oleiferasaponin A₂ possesses potential medicinal value for hyperlipidemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Mei Di
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Shao-Lan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Feng-Yu Du
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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