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Angelidi AM, Stefanakis K, Chou SH, Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Dipla K, Boutari C, Ntoskas K, Tokmakidis P, Kokkinos A, Goulis DG, Papadaki HA, Mantzoros CS. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Endocrine Manifestations, Pathophysiology and Treatments. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:676-708. [PMID: 38488566 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Research on lean, energy-deficient athletic and military cohorts has broadened the concept of the Female Athlete Triad into the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) syndrome. REDs represents a spectrum of abnormalities induced by low energy availability (LEA), which serves as the underlying cause of all symptoms described within the REDs concept, affecting exercising populations of either biological sex. Both short- and long-term LEA, in conjunction with other moderating factors, may produce a multitude of maladaptive changes that impair various physiological systems and adversely affect health, well-being, and sport performance. Consequently, the comprehensive definition of REDs encompasses a broad spectrum of physiological sequelae and adverse clinical outcomes related to LEA, such as neuroendocrine, bone, immune, and hematological effects, ultimately resulting in compromised health and performance. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of REDs and associated disorders. We briefly examine current treatment recommendations for REDs, primarily focusing on nonpharmacological, behavioral, and lifestyle modifications that target its underlying cause-energy deficit. We also discuss treatment approaches aimed at managing symptoms, such as menstrual dysfunction and bone stress injuries, and explore potential novel treatments that target the underlying physiology, emphasizing the roles of leptin and the activin-follistatin-inhibin axis, the roles of which remain to be fully elucidated, in the pathophysiology and management of REDs. In the near future, novel therapies leveraging our emerging understanding of molecules and physiological axes underlying energy availability or lack thereof may restore LEA-related abnormalities, thus preventing and/or treating REDs-related health complications, such as stress fractures, and improving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62100, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ntoskas
- Department of Internal Medicine, 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tokmakidis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71500, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Gutch S, Beasley L, Cooper S, Kaplan MH, Capitano ML, Ropa J. Protocol for enrichment and functional analysis of human hematopoietic cells from umbilical cord blood. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103024. [PMID: 38662544 PMCID: PMC11061328 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (CB) is a donor source for hematopoietic cell therapies. Understanding what drives hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function is critical to our understanding of the usage of CB in hematopoietic cell therapies. Here, we describe how to isolate and analyze the function of human hematopoietic cells from umbilical CB. This protocol demonstrates assays that measure phenotypic properties and hematopoietic cell potency. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Broxmeyer et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gutch
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lindsay Beasley
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - James Ropa
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Prasad P, Cancelas JA. From Marrow to Bone and Fat: Exploring the Multifaceted Roles of Leptin Receptor Positive Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2024; 13:910. [PMID: 38891042 PMCID: PMC11171870 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) stromal cell microenvironment contains non-hematopoietic stromal cells called mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are plastic adherent, form CFU-Fs, and give rise to osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic progenitors, and most importantly provide HSC niche factor chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and stem cell factor (SCF). Different authors have defined different markers for mouse MSC identification like PDGFR+Sca-1+ subsets, Nestin+, or LepR+ cells. Of these, the LepR+ cells are the major source of SCF and CXCL12 in the BM microenvironment and play a major role in HSC maintenance and hematopoiesis. LepR+ cells give rise to most of the bones and BM adipocytes, further regulating the microenvironment. In adult BM, LepR+ cells are quiescent but after fracture or irradiation, they proliferate and differentiate into mesenchymal lineage osteogenic, adipogenic and/or chondrogenic cells. They also play a crucial role in the steady-state hematopoiesis process, as well as hematopoietic regeneration and the homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after myeloablative injury and/or HSC transplantation. They line the sinusoidal cavities, maintain the trabeculae formation, and provide the space for HSC homing and retention. However, the LepR+ cell subset is heterogeneous; some subsets have higher adipogenic potential, while others express osteollineage-biased genes. Different transcription factors like Early B cell factor 3 (EBF3) or RunX2 help maintain this balance between the self-renewing and committed states, whether osteogenic or adipogenic. The study of LepR+ MSCs holds immense promise for advancing our understanding of HSC biology, tissue regeneration, metabolic disorders, and immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the origin of the BM resident LepR+ cells, different subtypes, and the role of LepR+ cells in maintaining hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, and BM adipogenesis following their multifaceted impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
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Hassun LA, Ruggeri MLR, de Souza SA, Rossato AM, Chmieleski GS, de Carvalho LS, Riccetto AGL, Degasperi GR. Adipokines from adipose tissue and common variable immunodeficiency: Is there any association? Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13257. [PMID: 37873571 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin are adipokines, secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT), which play an important role in energy homeostasis. Some evidence has shown that adipokine-producing adipose cells present in the bone marrow (BM) appear to exert an influence on hematopoiesis and B cell development. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most common inborn errors of immunity in humans. In CVID, numerical and/or functional defects of B cells and their precursors result in hypogammaglobulinemia, usually Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG. Manifestations of CVID include immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, inflammation and lymphoproliferation, resulting in a wide range of phenotypes. How adipokines interact and influence the pathophysiology of CVID is still unclear. In this review, we seek to summarize the aspects known so far concerning the interface between adipokines, B cells and CVID. More research is needed to fully understand these interactions; this knowledge is a potential avenue for the discovery of useful biomarkers and may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with CVID and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Amorim Hassun
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Ricarte Ruggeri
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefany Alvino de Souza
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Mory Rossato
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Chmieleski
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Scarpini de Carvalho
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gut Lopes Riccetto
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Rosa Degasperi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Nguyen TT, Loureiro ZY, Desai A, DeSouza T, Joyce S, Khair L, Samant A, Cirka H, Solivan-Rivera J, Ziegler R, Brehm M, Messina LM, Corvera S. A distinct class of hematopoietic stem cells develop from the human yellow bone marrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555167. [PMID: 37693594 PMCID: PMC10491256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging and metabolic diseases are accompanied by systemic inflammation, but the mechanisms that induce this state are not known. We developed a human bone-marrow organoid system to explore mechanisms underlying metabolic-disease associated systemic inflammation. We find that a distinct type of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) develops in the adipose-rich, yellow bone marrow, which is known to gradually replace the hematopoietic red marrow as we age and during metabolic disease. Unlike HSCs derived from the red bone marrow, HSCs derived from the yellow bone marrow have higher proliferation rates, increase myeloid differentiation, skew towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage differentiation, and express a distinct transcriptomic profile associated with responsiveness to wounding. Yellow marrow-derived HSCs express higher levels of the leptin receptor, which we find to be further increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our work demonstrates that the human long bone yellow marrow is a niche for a distinct class of HSCs which could underlie hematopoietic dysfunction during aging and metabolic disease processes suggesting a shared inflammaging mechanism.
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Loder S, Patel N, Morgani S, Sambon M, Leucht P, Levi B. Genetic models for lineage tracing in musculoskeletal development, injury, and healing. Bone 2023; 173:116777. [PMID: 37156345 PMCID: PMC10860167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal development and later post-natal homeostasis are highly dynamic processes, marked by rapid structural and functional changes across very short periods of time. Adult anatomy and physiology are derived from pre-existing cellular and biochemical states. Consequently, these early developmental states guide and predict the future of the system as a whole. Tools have been developed to mark, trace, and follow specific cells and their progeny either from one developmental state to the next or between circumstances of health and disease. There are now many such technologies alongside a library of molecular markers which may be utilized in conjunction to allow for precise development of unique cell 'lineages'. In this review, we first describe the development of the musculoskeletal system beginning as an embryonic germ layer and at each of the key developmental stages that follow. We then discuss these structures in the context of adult tissues during homeostasis, injury, and repair. Special focus is given in each of these sections to the key genes involved which may serve as markers of lineage or later in post-natal tissues. We then finish with a technical assessment of lineage tracing and the techniques and technologies currently used to mark cells, tissues, and structures within the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Loder
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall, Suite 6B, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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7
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Trinh T, Ropa J, Cooper S, Aljoufi A, Sinn A, Capitano M, Broxmeyer HE, Kaplan MH. Age-related decline in LEPR + hematopoietic stem cell function. Leukemia 2023; 37:712-716. [PMID: 36650272 PMCID: PMC9991916 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anthony Sinn
- In Vivo Therapeutics Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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8
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clonal hematopoiesis is a common age-related condition that may be associated with increased CVD risk. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis and its association with chronic inflammation and CVD in PWH. DESIGN Cross-sectional study utilizing archived specimens and data from 118 men (86 PWH and 32 HIV-uninfected) from the Baltimore-Washington DC center of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who had had coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and measurement of 34 serologic inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS Clonal hematopoiesis was assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells utilizing targeted error-corrected next generation sequencing (NGS) focused on 92 genes frequently mutated in hematologic malignancies. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the MACS database. RESULTS Clonal hematopoiesis with a variant allele frequency (VAF) greater than 1% was significantly more common in PWH [20/86 (23.3%)] than in HIV-uninfected men [2/32 (6.3%)] ( P = 0.035). PWH with clonal hematopoiesis (VAF > 1%) were more likely to have coronary artery stenosis of at least 50% than those without clonal hematopoiesis [6/20 (30%) vs. 6/64 (9%); P = 0.021]. Presence of clonal hematopoiesis was not significantly associated with serological inflammatory markers, except for significantly lower serum leptin levels; this was not significant after adjustment for abdominal or thigh subcutaneous fat area. CONCLUSION Clonal hematopoiesis was more common in PWH and among PWH was associated with the extent of coronary artery disease. Larger studies are needed to further examine the biological and clinical consequences of clonal hematopoiesis in PWH.
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9
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Fadini GP, Albiero M. Impaired haematopoietic stem / progenitor cell traffic and multi-organ damage in diabetes. Stem Cells 2022; 40:716-723. [PMID: 35552468 PMCID: PMC9406601 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During antenatal development, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from a specialized endothelium and migrate from the extraembryonic mesoderm to the fetal liver before establishing hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM). It is still debated whether, in adulthood, HSPCs display such ontologic overlap with vascular cells and capacity for endothelial differentiation. Yet, adult HSPCs retain a prominent migratory activity and traffic in the bloodstream to secondary lymphoid organs and all peripheral tissues, before eventually returning to the BM. While patrolling parenchymatous organs, HSPCs locate close to the vasculature, where they establish local hematopoietic islands and contribute to tissue homeostasis by paracrine signals. Solid evidence shows that diabetes mellitus jeopardizes the traffic of HSPCs from BM to the circulation and peripheral tissues, a condition called “mobilopathy.” A reduction in the levels of circulating HSPCs is the most immediate and apparent consequence, which has been consistently observed in human diabetes, and is strongly associated with future risk for multi-organ damage, including micro- and macro-angiopathy. But the shortage of HSPCs in the blood is only the visible tip of the iceberg. Abnormal HSPC traffic results from a complex interplay among metabolism, innate immunity, and hematopoiesis. Notably, mobilopathy is mechanistically connected with diabetes-induced myelopoiesis. Impaired traffic of HSPCs and enhanced generation of pro-inflammatory cells synergize for tissue damage and impair the resolution of inflammation. We herein summarize the current evidence that diabetes affects HSPC traffic, which are the causes and consequences of such alteration, and how it contributes to the overall disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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10
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Transcriptional differences between JAK2-V617F and wild-type bone marrow cells in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Exp Hematol 2022; 107:14-19. [PMID: 34921959 PMCID: PMC9332124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.12.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The JAK2-V617F mutation is the most common cause of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although experiments have revealed that this gain-of-function mutation is associated with myeloid blood cell expansion and increased production of white cells, red cells, and platelets, the transcriptional consequences of the JAK2-V617F mutation in different cellular compartments of the bone marrow have not yet been fully elucidated. To study the direct effects of JAK2-V617F on bone marrow cells in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, we performed joint single-cell RNA sequencing and JAK2 genotyping on CD34+-enriched cells from eight patients with newly diagnosed essential thrombocythemia or polycythemia vera. We found that the JAK2-V617F mutation increases the expression of interferon-response genes (e.g., HLAs) and the leptin receptor in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Furthermore, we sequenced a population of CD34- bone marrow monocytes and found that the JAK2 mutation increased expression of intermediate monocyte genes and the fibrocyte-associated surface protein SLAMF7 in these cells.
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11
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Trinh T, Broxmeyer HE. Role for Leptin and Leptin Receptors in Stem Cells During Health and Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:511-522. [PMID: 33598894 PMCID: PMC7889057 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood and immune cells in the body. These rare cells reside in the hypoxic niche of the bone marrow (BM) where they are subjected to a complex network of regulatory factors including cellular and molecular components. To sustain hematopoiesis over the lifetime of an individual, HSCs maintain distinctive metabolic programs, and in recent years nutritional factors have been increasingly recognized as critical regulators of HSC numbers and functions. Leptin (LEP), a neuroendocrine messenger, and its receptor (LEPR) are well-known for their immunomodulatory and energy balancing effects; yet, how LEP/LEPR signaling plays a role in hematopoiesis is under-appreciated. In this review, we summarize and highlight recent work that demonstrated involvement of LEP/LEPR in hematopoiesis under steady state or stress-associated situations as well as in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. Although the field is only in its infancy, these studies suggest evidence of potential clinical applications and proof-of-principle for more in-depth future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Trinh
- Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5121, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5121, USA.
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12
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Broxmeyer HE, Liu Y, Kapur R, Orschell CM, Aljoufi A, Ropa JP, Trinh T, Burns S, Capitano ML. Fate of Hematopoiesis During Aging. What Do We Really Know, and What are its Implications? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1020-1048. [PMID: 33145673 PMCID: PMC7609374 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells, and hematopoiesis. This review provides an extensive up-to date summary on the literature of aged hematopoiesis and HSCs placed in context of potential artifacts of the collection and processing procedure, that may not be totally representative of the status of HSCs in their in vivo bone marrow microenvironment, and what the implications of this are for understanding aged hematopoiesis. This review covers a number of interactive areas, many of which have not been adequately explored. There are still many unknowns and mechanistic insights to be elucidated to better understand effects of aging on the hematopoietic system, efforts that will take multidisciplinary approaches, and that could lead to means to ameliorate at least some of the dysregulation of HSCs and HPCs associated with the aging process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - James P Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Sarah Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
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