1
|
Xia WY, Shen YJ, Zhang CC, Qian LQ, Wang H, Wang K, Jin HZ, Zhu XR, Ding ZP, Zhang Q, Yu W, Feng W, Fu XL. Combination of radiotherapy and PD-L1 blockade induces abscopal responses in EGFR-mutated lung cancer through activating CD8 + T cells. Transl Oncol 2024; 48:102074. [PMID: 39106551 PMCID: PMC11357862 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It has been reported that the number of CD8+T cells is reduced in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, the extent of heterogeneity and effector function of distinct populations of CD8+T cells has not been investigated intensively. In addition, studies investigating whether a combination of radiotherapy and ICIs can improve the efficacy of ICIs in EGFR-mutated lung cancer are lacking. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to investigate the heterogeneity of CD8+T cell populations in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. The STING pathway was explored after hypofractionated radiation of EGFR-mutated and wild-type cells. Mice bearing LLC-19del and LLC-EGFR tumors were treated with radiotherapy plus anti-PD-L1. The scRNA-seq data showed the percentage of progenitor exhausted CD8+T cells was lower in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. In addition, CD8+T cells in EGFR-mutated NSCLC were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. In EGFR-mutated and wild-type cells, 8 Gy × 3 increased the expression of chemokines that recruit T cells and activate the cGAS-STING pathway. In the LLC-19del and LLC-EGFR mouse model, the combination of radiation and anti-PD-L1 significantly inhibited the growth of abscopal tumors. The enhanced abscopal effect was associated with systemic CD8+T cell infiltration. This study provided an intensive understanding of the heterogeneity and effector functions of CD8+T cells in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. We showed that the combination of hypofractionated radiation and anti-PD-L1 significantly enhanced the abscopal responses in both EGFR-mutated and wild-type lung cancer by activating CD8+T cells in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qian
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ru Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Ding
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Zhu X, Yu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Xia L, Lu S. EGFR mutations induce the suppression of CD8 + T cell and anti-PD-1 resistance via ERK1/2-p90RSK-TGF-β axis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:653. [PMID: 39004699 PMCID: PMC11246587 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations exhibit an unfavorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, and their tumor microenvironment (TME) is usually immunosuppressed. TGF-β plays an important role in immunosuppression; however, the effects of TGF-β on the TME and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy against EGFR-mutated tumors remain unclear. METHODS Corresponding in vitro studies used the TCGA database, clinical specimens, and self-constructed mouse cell lines with EGFR mutations. We utilized C57BL/6N and humanized M-NSG mouse models bearing EGFR-mutated NSCLC to investigate the effects of TGF-β on the TME and the combined efficacy of TGF-β blockade and anti-PD-1 therapy. The changes in immune cells were monitored by flow cytometry. The correlation between TGF-β and immunotherapy outcomes of EGFR-mutated NSCLC was verified by clinical samples. RESULTS We identified that TGF-β was upregulated in EGFR-mutated NSCLC by EGFR activation and subsequent ERK1/2-p90RSK phosphorylation. TGF-β directly inhibited CD8+ T cell infiltration, proliferation, and cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, but blocking TGF-β did not suppress the growth of EGFR-mutated tumors in vivo. Anti-TGF-β antibody combined with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited the proliferation of recombinant EGFR-mutated tumors in C57BL/6N mice, which was superior to their monotherapy. Mechanistically, the combination of anti-TGF-β and anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that the expression of TGF-β1 in EGFR-TKI resistant cell lines was significantly higher than that in parental cell lines. The combination of anti-TGF-β and nivolumab significantly inhibited the proliferation of EGFR-TKI resistant tumors in humanized M-NSG mice and prolonged their survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TGF-β expression is upregulated in NSCLC with EGFR mutations through the EGFR-ERK1/2-p90RSK signaling pathway. High TGF-β expression inhibits the infiltration and anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells, contributing to the "cold" TME of EGFR-mutated tumors. Blocking TGF-β can reshape the TME and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 in EGFR-mutated tumors, which provides a potential combination immunotherapy strategy for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaokuan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongfeng Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu HM, Yu ZL, Xia HF, Zhang LZ, Fu QY, Wang Y, Gong HY, Chen G. EGFR Mutation and TKI Treatment Promote Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicle PD-L1 and Contribute to Immunosuppression in NSCLC. Biomolecules 2024; 14:820. [PMID: 39062533 PMCID: PMC11274907 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In Asian populations with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EGFR mutations are highly prevalent, occurring in roughly half of these patients. Studies have revealed that individuals with EGFR mutation typically fare worse with immunotherapy. In patients who received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment followed by anti-PD-1 therapy, poor results were observed. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. We used high-resolution flow cytometry and ELISA to detect the circulating level of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) PD-L1 in NSCLC individuals with EGFR mutations before and after receiving TKIs. The secretion amount of sEV PD-L1 of lung cancer cell lines with EGFR mutations under TKI treatment or not were detected using high-resolution flow cytometry and Western blotting. The results revealed that patients harboring EGFR mutations exhibit increased levels of sEV PD-L1 in circulation, which inversely correlated with the presence of CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Furthermore, tumor cells carrying EGFR mutations secrete a higher quantity of PD-L1-positive sEVs. TKI treatment appeared to amplify the levels of PD-L1-positive sEVs in the bloodstream. Mutation-induced and TKI-induced sEVs substantially impaired the functionality of CD8+ T cells. Importantly, our findings indicated that EGFR mutations and TKI therapies promote secretion of PD-L1-positive sEVs via distinct molecular mechanisms, namely the HRS and ALIX pathways, respectively. In conclusion, the increased secretion of PD-L1-positive sEVs, prompted by genetic alterations and TKI administration, may contribute to the limited efficacy of immunotherapy observed in EGFR-mutant patients and patients who have received TKI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hou-Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hong-Yun Gong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng HY, Su GL, Wu YX, Chen G, Yu ZL. Extracellular vesicles in anti-tumor drug resistance: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100920. [PMID: 39104866 PMCID: PMC11298875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance presents a significant challenge to achieving positive clinical outcomes in anti-tumor therapy. Prior research has illuminated reasons behind drug resistance, including increased drug efflux, alterations in drug targets, and abnormal activation of oncogenic pathways. However, there's a need for deeper investigation into the impact of drug-resistant cells on parental tumor cells and intricate crosstalk between tumor cells and the malignant tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) have provided valuable insights. EVs are membrane-bound particles secreted by all cells, mediating cell-to-cell communication. They contain functional cargoes like DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins, and metabolites from mother cells, delivered to other cells. Notably, EVs are increasingly recognized as regulators in the resistance to anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of EV-mediated anti-tumor drug resistance, covering therapeutic approaches like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and even radiotherapy. Detecting EV-based biomarkers to predict drug resistance assists in bypassing anti-tumor drug resistance. Additionally, targeted inhibition of EV biogenesis and secretion emerges as a promising approach to counter drug resistance. We highlight the importance of conducting in-depth mechanistic research on EVs, their cargoes, and functional approaches specifically focusing on EV subpopulations. These efforts will significantly advance the development of strategies to overcome drug resistance in anti-tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guang-Liang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Z, Liu X, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Shi L, Cai Q, Tang S, Ouyang Q, Zheng J. Extracellular vesicle-mediated communication between CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and tumor cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376962. [PMID: 38562940 PMCID: PMC10982391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors pose a significant global public health challenge, resulting in numerous fatalities annually. CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in combating tumors; however, their effectiveness is compromised by the tumor itself and the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in reduced efficacy of immunotherapy. In this dynamic interplay, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as pivotal mediators, facilitating direct and indirect communication between tumors and CD8+ T cells. In this article, we provide an overview of how tumor-derived EVs directly regulate CD8+ T cell function by carrying bioactive molecules they carry internally and on their surface. Simultaneously, these EVs modulate the TME, indirectly influencing the efficiency of CD8+ T cell responses. Furthermore, EVs derived from CD8+ T cells exhibit a dual role: they promote tumor immune evasion while also enhancing antitumor activity. Finally, we briefly discuss current prevailing approaches that utilize functionalized EVs based on tumor-targeted therapy and tumor immunotherapy. These approaches aim to present novel perspectives for EV-based tumor treatment strategies, demonstrating potential for advancements in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Huang
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghao Guo
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjin Cai
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shupei Tang
- Department of Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Zheng Y, Tan X, Du Y, Wei Y, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation via altering host microenvironments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367373. [PMID: 38495881 PMCID: PMC10940351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The disordered growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer are mainly attributed to bidirectional cell-cell interactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells are involved in orchestrating the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs). Tumor-derived EVs mediate bidirectional communication between tumor and stromal cells in local and distant microenvironments. EVs carrying mRNAs, small RNAs, microRNAs, DNA fragments, proteins and metabolites determine metastatic organotropism, enhance angiogenesis, modulate stroma cell phenotypes, restructure the extracellular matrix, induce immunosuppression and modify the metabolic environment of organs. Evidence indicates that EVs educate stromal cells in secondary sites to establish metastasis-supportive microenvironments for seeding tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PMN formation and the underlying mechanisms mediated by EVs. Potential approaches to inhibit cancer metastasis by inhibiting the formation of PMNs are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Operating Room, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanafi AR, Hanif MA, Pangaribuan MTG, Ariawan WP, Sutandyo N, Kurniawati SA, Setiawan L, Cahyanti D, Rayhani F, Imelda P. Genomic features of lung cancer patients in Indonesia's national cancer center. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38245692 PMCID: PMC10799463 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in molecular biology bring advantages to lung cancer management. Moreover, high-throughput molecular tests are currently useful for revealing genetic variations among lung cancer patients. We investigated the genomics profile of the lung cancer patients at the National Cancer Centre of Indonesia. METHODS A retrospective study enrolled 627 tissue biopsy samples using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 80 circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) liquid biopsy samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS) from lung cancer patients admitted to the Dharmais Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Data were obtained from medical records. Data statistically analysed with p < 0.05 is considered significant. RESULT The EGFR test results revealed by RT-PCR were wild type (51.5%), single variant (38.8%), double variant (8.3%), and triple variant (1.4%), with 18.66% L85R, 18.22% Ex19del, and 11.08% L861Q variant. Liquid biopsy ctDNA using NGS showed only 2.5% EGFR wild type, 62.5% single variant and 35% co-variant, with EGFR/TP53 and EGFR/PIK3CA as the highest. CONCLUSION EGFR variants are the most found in our centre. Liquid biopsy with ctDNA using NGS examination could detect broad variants and co-variants that will influence the treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Riswahyudi Hanafi
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Alfin Hanif
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Mariska T G Pangaribuan
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Wily Pandu Ariawan
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Noorwati Sutandyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agustini Kurniawati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lyana Setiawan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dian Cahyanti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farilaila Rayhani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Priscillia Imelda
- Cancer Research Team, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castillo-Peña A, Molina-Pinelo S. Landscape of tumor and immune system cells-derived exosomes in lung cancer: mediators of antitumor immunity regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279495. [PMID: 37915578 PMCID: PMC10616833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in cancer, including lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer, but a large subset of patients either do not respond or develop resistance. Exosomes, essential mediators of cell-to-cell communication, exert a profound influence on the tumor microenvironment and the interplay between cancer and the immune system. This review focuses on the role of tumor-derived exosomes and immune cells-derived exosomes in the crosstalk between these cell types, influencing the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Depending on their cell of origin and microenvironment, exosomes can contain immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory molecules that can either promote or inhibit tumor growth, thus playing a dual role in the disease. Furthermore, the use of exosomes in lung cancer immunotherapy is discussed. Their potential applications as cell-free vaccines and drug delivery systems make them an attractive option for lung cancer treatment. Additionally, exosomal proteins and RNAs emerge as promising biomarkers that could be employed for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the disease. In summary, this review assesses the relationship between exosomes, lung cancer, and the immune system, shedding light on their potential clinical applications and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castillo-Peña
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Rong J. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1181-1212. [PMID: 37365450 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Besides early detection and surgical resection, there is currently no effective curative treatment for metastatic advanced LC. Exosomes are endogenous nano-extracellular vesicles produced by somatic cells that play an important role in the development and maintenance of normal physiology. Exosomes can carry proteins, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and various small molecules for intra- and intercellular material transport or signal transduction. LC cells can maintain their survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, by producing or interacting with exosomes. Basic and clinical data also show that exosomes can be used to suppress LC cell proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and enhance treatment sensitivity. Due to the high stability and target specificity, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity of exosomes, they show promise as vehicles of LC therapy. CONCLUSION We have written this comprehensive review to communicate the LC treatment potential of exosomes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that overall, LC cells can exchange substances or crosstalk with themselves or various other cells in the surrounding TME or distant organs through exosomes. Through this, they can modulate their survival, proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion, EMT, metastasis, and apoptotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 210, BaiTa Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang H, Zhang L, Rong J. Potential roles of exosomes in the initiation and metastatic progression of lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115222. [PMID: 37549459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) incidence and mortality continue to increase annually worldwide. LC is insidious and readily metastasizes and relapses. Except for its early diagnosis and surgical resection, there is no effective cure for advanced metastatic LC, and the prognosis remains dismal. Exosomes, a class of nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced by healthy or diseased cells, are coated with a bilayer lipid membrane and contain various functional molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They can be used for intracellular or intercellular signaling or the transportation of biological substances. A growing body of evidence supports that exosomes play multiple crucial roles in the occurrence and metastatic progression of many malignancies, including LC. The elucidation of the potential roles of exosomes in the initiation, invasion, and metastasis of LC and their underlying molecular mechanisms may contribute to improved early diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 210 Baita Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan NA, Asim M, Biswas KH, Alansari AN, Saman H, Sarwar MZ, Osmonaliev K, Uddin S. Exosome nanovesicles as potential biomarkers and immune checkpoint signaling modulators in lung cancer microenvironment: recent advances and emerging concepts. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:221. [PMID: 37641132 PMCID: PMC10463467 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and the survival rate remains low despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The progression of lung cancer is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon that encompasses interplays among cancerous cells and their microenvironment, which incorporates immune cells. Exosomes, which are small membrane-bound vesicles, are released by numerous cell types in normal and stressful situations to allow communication between cells. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) possess diverse neo-antigens and cargoes such as proteins, RNA, and DNA and have a unique molecular makeup reflecting tumor genetic complexity. TEXs contain both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory factors and may play a role in immunomodulation by influencing innate and adaptive immune components. Moreover, they transmit signals that contribute to the progression of lung cancer by promoting metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. This makes them a valuable resource for investigating the immune environment of tumors, which could pave the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers that could aid in the prognosis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of lung cancer. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has shown promising results in treating initial-stage cancers, most patients eventually develop adaptive resistance over time. Emerging evidence demonstrates that TEXs could serve as a prognostic biomarker for immunotherapeutic response and have a significant impact on both systemic immune suppression and tumor advancement. Therefore, understanding TEXs and their role in lung cancer tumorigenesis and their response to immunotherapies is an exciting research area and needs further investigation. This review highlights the role of TEXs as key contributors to the advancement of lung cancer and their clinical significance in lung immune-oncology, including their possible use as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and prognosis, as well as emerging shreds of evidence regarding the possibility of using exosomes as targets to improve lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kabir H Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amani N Alansari
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Harman Saman
- Department of Medicine, Hazm Maubrairek Hospital, Al-Rayyan, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | | | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute & Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin Z, Huang K, Guo H, Jia M, Sun Q, Chen X, Wu J, Yao Q, Zhang P, Vakal S, Zou Z, Gao H, Ci L, Chen J, Guo W. Targeting ZDHHC9 potentiates anti-programmed death-ligand 1 immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer by modifying the tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114567. [PMID: 36963362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting the programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis has achieved considerable success in treating a wide range of cancers. However, most patients with pancreatic cancer remain resistant to ICB. Moreover, there is a lack of optimal biomarkers for the prediction of response to this therapy. Palmitoylation is mediated by a family of 23 S-acyltransferases, termed zinc finger Asp-His-His-Cys-type palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHC), which precisely control various cancer-related protein functions and represent promising drug targets for cancer therapy. Here, we revealed that tumor cell-intrinsic ZDHHC9 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and associated with impaired anti-tumor immunity. In syngeneic pancreatic tumor models, the knockdown of ZDHHC9 expression suppressed tumor progression and prolonged survival time of mice by modifying the immunosuppressive ('cold') to proinflammatory ('hot') tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, ZDHHC9 deficiency sensitized anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy mainly in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. Lastly, we employed the ZDHHC9-siRNA nanoparticle system to efficiently silence ZDHHC9 in pancreatic tumors. Collectively, our findings indicate that ZDHHC9 overexpression in pancreatic tumors is a mechanism involved in the inhibition of host anti-tumor immunity and highlight the importance of inactivating ZDHHC9 as an effective immunotherapeutic strategy and booster for anti-PD-L1 therapy against pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Lin
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hui Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Manli Jia
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiuqin Sun
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuhao Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qingqing Yao
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T., Institute of E.N.T. and Longgang E.N.T. hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Sergii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Southwest Finland, 20100, Finland
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Haiyao Gao
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Lei Ci
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen S, Tang J, Liu F, Li W, Yan T, Shangguan D, Yang N, Liao D. Changes of tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer after TKI treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094764. [PMID: 36949948 PMCID: PMC10025329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer diagnosis, among which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations are the common genetic drivers. Their relative tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown a better response for oncogene-driven NSCLC than chemotherapy. However, the development of resistance is inevitable following the treatments, which need a new strategy urgently. Although immunotherapy, a hot topic for cancer therapy, has shown an excellent response for other cancers, few responses for oncogene-driven NSCLC have been presented from the existing evidence, including clinical studies. Recently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly thought to be a key parameter for the efficacy of cancer treatment such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy, while evidence has also shown that the TME could be affected by multi-factors, such as TKIs. Here, we discuss changes in the TME in NSCLC after TKI treatments, especially for EGFR-TKIs, to offer information for a new therapy of oncogene-driven NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dangang Shangguan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi J, Hao S, Liu X, Li Y, Zheng X. Feiyiliu Mixture sensitizes EGFR Del19/T790M/C797S mutant non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib by attenuating the PRC1/Wnt/EGFR pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1093017. [PMID: 36744262 PMCID: PMC9892466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1093017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osimertinib is a potent epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for the treatment of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of acquired resistance due to the EGFR-Del19/T790M/C797S mutation limits the clinical application of osimertinib. Feiyiliu Mixture (FYLM), a clinical experience formula of Chinese medicine, was used to treat lung cancer with good clinical efficacy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which Feiyiliu Mixture delays osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutant cell lines and EGFR-mutant cell tumor-bearing mice. Methods: The osimertinib-resistant cell models were established in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells transfected with EGFR-Del19/T790M/C797S mutant lentivirus. In cell experiments, after 48 h of treatment with Feiyiliu Mixture-containing serum, MTT assay was used to detect the relative cell viability, and western blotting was used to detect EGFR protein phosphorylation expression. In animal experiments, C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells stably expressing EGFR-Del19/T790M/C797S mutations to construct a xenograft model. After 2 weeks of Feiyiliu Mixture and/or osimertinib treatment, the expression of proliferation-related, apoptosis-related and PRC1/Wnt/EGFR pathway markers was detected by real-time qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that when combined with osimertinib, Feiyiliu Mixture synergistically reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis to improve drug resistance. In vitro, Feiyiliu Mixture-containing serum reduced the EGFR phosphorylation. In vivo, Feiyiliu Mixture downregulated the expression of cyclin B1 and Bcl-2 while upregulating the level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein, indicating that Feiyiliu Mixture promotes apoptosis. Furthermore, Feiyiliu Mixture reduced the expression of p-EGFR, p-Akt, PRC1 and Wnt pathway-related proteins such as β-catenin, c-Myc and c-Jun. Conclusion: The present study identified that Feiyiliu Mixture inhibited PRC1/Wnt/EGFR pathway activation, reduced proliferation, and promoted apoptosis, thereby increasing the sensitivity of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib. Our study provided a new idea for Chinese medicine to play a role in enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoyu Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiantao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rao DY, Huang DF, Si MY, Lu H, Tang ZX, Zhang ZX. Role of exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142539. [PMID: 37122754 PMCID: PMC10130367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important mediator of information transfer between cells, exosomes play a unique role in regulating tumor growth, supporting vascular proliferation, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids, and therefore they can be used as a potential tool for non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present study reviews the role of exosomes in liquid biopsy, tumor microenvironment formation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy as a first-line treatment for patients with NSCLC, this study also briefly describes the occurrence of EGRF+ exosomes and the role of exosomes and their contents in non-invasive detection and potential therapeutic targets in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - De-Fa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mao-Yan Si
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hua Lu
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Xian Tang, ; Zu-Xiong Zhang,
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo X, Li Y, Hua Z, Xue X, Wang X, Pang M, Xiao C, Zhao H, Lyu A, Liu Y. Exosomes-mediated tumor metastasis through reshaping tumor microenvironment and distant niche. J Control Release 2023; 353:327-336. [PMID: 36464063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are the particular communicator and messenger between tumor cells and other cells containing cancer-associated genetic materials and proteins. And TDEs who are also one of the important components consisting of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can reshape and interact with TME to promote tumor development and metastasis. Moreover, due to their long-distance transmission by body fluids, TDEs can facilitate the formation of pre-metastatic niche to support tumor colonization. We discuss the main characteristics and mechanism of TDE-mediated tumor metastasis by reshaping TME and pre-metastatic niche as well as the potential of TDEs for diagnosing tumor and predicting future metastatic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Luo
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xue
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshi Pang
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pecqueux M, Wende B, Sommer U, Baenke F, Oehme F, Hempel S, Aust D, Distler M, Weitz J, Kahlert C. RAB27B expression in pancreatic cancer is predictive of poor survival but good response to chemotherapy. Cancer Biomark 2023; 37:207-215. [PMID: 37248891 PMCID: PMC10473075 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death with poor survival even after curative resection. RAB27A and RAB27B are key players in the exosome pathway where they play important roles in exosome secretion. Evidence suggests that RAB27A and RAB27B expression not only leads to tumor proliferation and invasion, but also plays an important role in antigen transfer necessary for anticancer immunity. OBJECTIVE In this study, we analyze the expression of RAB27A and RAB27B in patients after pancreatic cancer surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and its influence on overall survival. METHODS We analyzed a total of 167 patients with pancreatic cancer for their RAB27A and RAB27B expression. We dichotomized the patients along the median and compared survival in patients with high and low RAB27A and RAB27B expression with or without adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS We found a significant improvement in overall survival in patients with a negative resection margin (p= 0.037) and in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (p= 0.039). The survival benefit after chemotherapy was dependent on RAB27B expression status: only the subgroup of patients with high RAB27B expression benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy (p= 0.006), but not the subgroup with low RAB27B expression (p= 0.59). Patients with high RAB27B expression who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy showed a trend towards worse survival compared to the other subgroups. This difference was abolished after treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RAB27B expression in pancreatic cancer might identify a subgroup of patients with poor survival who might respond well to adjuvant chemotherapy. If resectable, these patients could be considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy to minimize the risk of not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pecqueux
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Beate Wende
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Baenke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Oehme
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hempel
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou Z, Wu X, Zhan R, Li X, Cheng D, Chen L, Wang T, Yu H, Zhang G, Tang X. Exosomal epidermal growth factor receptor is involved in HPV-16 E7-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer cells: A driver of signaling in vivo? Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-13. [PMID: 36224722 PMCID: PMC9559043 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2133332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E7 oncoprotein promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Moreover, recent studies have found that exosomes can mediate EMT of NSCLC cells and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is related to the progression of NSCLC. Here, we further investigated the role of exosomal EGFR in HPV-16 E7-induced EMT of NSCLC cells. Our results showed that the exosomes derived from the stable HPV-16 E7-overexpressing A549 and NCI-H460 NSCLC cells (E7 Exo) significantly increased migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities of NSCLC cells as compared with the exosomes derived from empty vector-infected NSCLC cells (ev Exo). Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that E7 Exo dramatically enhanced EMT of NSCLC cells and promoted the growth of subcutaneous NSCLC xenografts. Additionally, HPV-16 E7 enhanced the expression of EGFR and p-EGFR in both NSCLC cells and exosomes. Furthermore, the inhibition of EGFR activation or exosome secretion suppressed E7 Exo-induced migration, invasion, and EMT of NSCLC. Moreover, 12 kinds of differentially expressed miRNAs between E7 Exo and ev Exo (fold change≥2, P ≤ .05) were screened out, of which 7 miRNAs were up-regulated while 5 miRNAs were down-regulated in A549 E7 Exo. Taken together, our findings suggest that exosomal EGFR is involved in HPV-16 E7-induced EMT of NSCLC cells, which may play a key role in the progression of HPV-related NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China,Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Riming Zhan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China,Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dazhao Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for antitumor active substance research and development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,CONTACT Xudong Tang ; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, 2 Wenming Donglu, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong524023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi C, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhou X. Immunotherapy for EGFR-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Current status, possible mechanisms and application prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940288. [PMID: 35935943 PMCID: PMC9353115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective against advanced and even perioperative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and result in durable clinical benefit, regardless of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression status in cancer. Existing clinical evidence shows that the effect of immunotherapy in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC after the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is not satisfactory. However, compared with monotherapy, ICIs combined with chemotherapy can improve the efficacy. Encouragingly, compared with that of patients with sensitive mutations, the progression-free survival of patients with rare mutations who were treated with ICIs was increased. Adequately maximizing the efficacy of ICIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients is worth exploring. In this review, we described preclinical and clinical studies of ICIs or combined therapy for EGFR-mutant NSCLC. We further focused on EGFR mutations and the cancer immune response, with particular attention given to the role of EGFR activation in the cancer-immunity cycle. The mechanisms for the natural resistance to ICIs were explored to identify corresponding countermeasures that made more EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients benefit from ICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Shi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Department of Oncology, Jiujiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cancer cell's internal and external warriors: Autophagosomes and exosomes. Life Sci 2022; 300:120552. [PMID: 35452638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
"That survival instinct, that will to live, that need to get back to life again, is more powerful than any consideration of taste, decency, politeness, manners, civility, anything. It's such a powerful force." This quote by famous director Danny Boyle is a perfect analogy to describe the cancer cell's inexhaustible drive to persist against all odds. In order to adapt to a hostile environment, the cancer cells rely on multiple mechanisms including immune escape, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, extravasation, autophagy, exosome release among others. Cancer cells depute their internal and external warriors, autophagosomes and exosomes, to dwell in the belligerent tumor microenvironment. It is quite reasonable for a cancer cell, striving to survive, to invest in pathways that will provide the maximum advantage. Autophagy is an important cellular degradation pathway, while the exosome pathway provides an alternative cargo disposal mechanism to maintain the homeostasis and cell survival. While autophagic degradation provides the essential nutrients to rapidly dividing cells, exosomal secretion ensures that the tumor microenvironment is attuned to accommodate the swiftly expanding tumor mass. Studies have revealed that exosomes secreted by cancer cells can modulate autophagy in recipient cells, while autophagy can influence the biogenesis of exosomes. Autophagy and exosome crosstalk is extremely complex and it is only beginning to be recognized and documented. This review is focused on discussing the roles of autophagy and exosomes in the cancer cell's adaptation to the tumor microenvironment and how the two pathways are coordinately regulated to facilitate cancer cell survival.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Zhou T, Liu Y, Chen S, Yu Z. Application of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Lung Cancer With Emphasis on Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:781425. [PMID: 35082668 PMCID: PMC8785094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.781425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors that has seen the most rapid growth in terms of morbidity and mortality in recent years, posing the biggest threat to people’s health and lives. In recent years, the nano-drug loading system has made significant progress in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Nanomaterials are used to specifically target tumor tissue to minimize therapeutic adverse effects and increase bioavailability. It is achieved primarily through two mechanisms: passive targeting, which entails the use of enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect, and active targeting, which entails the loading recognition ligands for tumor marker molecules onto nanomaterials. However, it has been demonstrated that the EPR effect is effective in rodents but not in humans. Taking this into consideration, researchers paid significant attention to the active targeting nano-drug loading system. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to have a higher affinity and specificity for tumor cells. In this review, it describes the development of research into active targeted nano-drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment from the receptors’ or targets’ perspective. We anticipate that this study will help biomedical researchers use nanoparticles (NPs) to treat lung cancer by providing more and novel drug delivery strategies or solid ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangmin Chen
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenxiang Yu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dou X, Hua Y, Chen Z, Chao F, Li M. Extracellular vesicles containing PD-L1 contribute to CD8+ T-cell immune suppression and predict poor outcomes in small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:307-317. [PMID: 35553630 PMCID: PMC9113186 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and binds to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) on the surface of T cells, leading to cancer immune evasion via inhibition of T-cell function. One of the characteristics of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is its ineffective anti-tumor immune response and highly immunosuppressive status in the tumor microenvironment. SCLC cells have been shown to generate extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may play an important role in tumor progression. We thus hypothesized that SCLC EVs may be important mediators of immunosuppression and that PD-L1 could play a role. Herein, we showed that PD-L1 was expressed on the surface of SCLC-derived EVs, with the potential to directly bind to PD1. Experimentally, we further showed that EVs secreted by SCLC cells can inhibit CD8+ T-cell activation and cytokine production in vitro in response to T-cell receptor stimulation. Importantly, an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody significantly reversed the EV-mediated inhibition of CD8+ T-cell activation. Furthermore, we performed a retrospective study of patients with SCLC to determine the prognostic value of PD-L1 harvested from plasm circulating EVs. The results showed that EVs containing PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor and significantly correlated with progression-free survival. Together, these results indicate that EVs containing PD-L1 can be served as a diagnostic biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of therapy, as well as a new strategy to enhance T-cell-mediated immunotherapy against SCLC cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaowu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Li
- Correspondence: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, 230032.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Y, Liu L, Sun R, Cui G, Guo S, Han S, Li Z, Bai T, Teng L. Exosomes in cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:193-205. [PMID: 35582642 PMCID: PMC9091780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important means of communication among cells, exosomes are being studied more and more widely, especially in the context of cancer immunotherapy. In the phase of tumor immunoediting, exosomes derived from tumor cells and different immune cells have complex and changeable physiological functions, because they carry different proteins and nucleic acid from the source cells. Based on the role of exosomes in the communication between different cells, cancer treatment methods are also under continuous research. This review briefly introduces the molecular composition of exosomes, which is closely related to their secretion mechanism. Subsequently, the role of exosomes encapsulating different information molecules is summarized. The role of exosomes in the three phases of tumor immunoediting is introduced in detail, and the relevant literature of exosomes in the tumor immune microenvironment is summarized by using a novel framework for extracting relevant documents. Finally, it summarizes the various exosome-based immunotherapies currently proposed, as well as the challenges and future prospects of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luotong Liu
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rongze Sun
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guilin Cui
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Songren Han
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tian Bai
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences & College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu Y, Wu F, Cao Q, Sun Y, Huang M, Xiao J, Zhou B, Zhang L. B7-H4 is increased in lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR-activating mutations and contributes to immunosuppression. Oncogene 2022; 41:704-717. [PMID: 34839353 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown clinical benefit in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the immunotherapy strategy is less effective in patients with EGFR-activating mutations (EGFR MT). Studies showed that besides low expression of PD-L1, the absence of TILs and distinct expression profile of immune checkpoint molecules might be associated with low response of the patient subset. In this study, we first compared CD8A, GZMB and PRF1 mRNA levels in different LUAD subtypes harboring different driver mutations by dataset analyses and investigated the association between 15 well-defined B7-CD28 family members and driver mutations. The results showed that the decreases in the density and function of CD8+ TILs, CD274 (PD-L1 gene), and CD86 and increases in VTCN1 (B7-H4 gene) and HHLA2 were associated with LUAD with EGFR-activating mutations. Immunohistochemical staining studies further supported that PD-L1 was downregulated and B7-H4 was upregulated in the subtype. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression was positively associated with levels of CD8A and granzyme B, while B7-H4 expression was negatively associated with granzyme B levels. In lung cancer cell lines, EGFR-activating mutations effectively upregulated B7-H4 and downregulated PD-L1. MEK/ERK-pathway activation upregulated B7-H4, and PI3K/Akt activation upregulated PD-L1. EGFR 19Del mutation was associated with inhibition of CD8+ T-cell function, while knocking down B7-H4 could reverse the inhibition, and further showed tumor-growth inhibition and longer survival in vivo. Taken together, this study shed light on that B7-H4 might be an alternative immune-checkpoint molecule and a potential therapeutic target for LUAD with EGFR MT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyi Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Moli Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Songgang People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yuan R, Tang W, Zhang H, You W, Hu X, Zhang H, Chen L, Nian W, Ding S, Luo Y. Palindromic-assisted self-annealing transcription amplification for reliable genotyping of epidermal growth factor receptor exon mutations. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113633. [PMID: 34543825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reliable discrimination of specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations plays a critical role in guiding lung cancer therapeutics. Until now, convenient and accurate recognition of the specific deletion of EGFR exons has remained particularly challenging. Herein, we propose a palindromic-assisted self-annealing transcription amplification (PASTA) strategy for the reliable detection of circulating EGFR exon mutations. We designed a palindromic DNA hairpin nanorobot consisting of a palindromic tail, a T7 promoter, a target recognition region, and a transcription template. The nanorobot enabled prompt self-assembly into a target-hairpin/hairpin-target dimer in the presence of single-stranded DNA target and further triggered in vitro transcription. In a proof-of-concept experiment for detecting circulating 15n-del EGFR mutation, a detection limit of 0.8 fM and a linear detection range of 1 fM to 100 pM was achieved, and an accuracy of 100% was reached in clinical validation by analyzing 20 samples from clinical lung cancer patients. Empowered by the intrinsic sensitivity and selectivity, the proposed PASTA approach will lead to the development of a universal platform for reliable molecular subtyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Wanyan Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Wenxin You
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu L, Wang C, Li S, Bai H, Wang J. Tumor immune microenvironment in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer before and after epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3823-3839. [PMID: 34733631 PMCID: PMC8512456 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review and summarize the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after EGFR-TKI treatment and its role in TKI resistance. Background Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women around the world. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are considered a first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, almost all patients eventually develop acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9–14 months. As immunotherapy has developed, it has become apparent that interactions between the TIME and tumor cells also affect EGFR-TKI treatment. The TIME comprises a variety of components but previous studies of the TIME following EGFR-TKI therapy of NSCLC are inconsistent. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of the TIME in NSCLC after EGFR-TKI treatment and its role in TKI resistance. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to July 1, 2021 with the following key words: “NSCLC”, “EGFR”, and “immunotherapy”. Conclusions The TIME of EGFR-mutated NSCLC is different from that of non-mutated NSCLC, an explanation for EGFR-mutated NSCLC displaying a poor response to ICIs. The TIME of EGFR-mutated NSCLC also changes during treatment with EGFR-TKIs. The TIME in EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancer can be summarized as follows: (I) compared with EGFR-TKI-sensitive tumors, EGFR-TKI-resistant tumors have a greater number of immunosuppressive cells and fewer immune-activated cells, while the tumor microenvironment is in an immunosuppressive state; (II) tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells secrete multiple negative immune regulatory factors, inhibit the recognition and presentation of tumor antigens and the antitumor effect of immune cells, resulting in immune escape; 3.EGFR-TKI-resistant tumors promote EMT. These three characteristics interact, resulting in a regulatory signaling network, which together leads to EGFR-TKI resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sini Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jouida A, McCarthy C, Fabre A, Keane MP. Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:589-601. [PMID: 33855679 PMCID: PMC8213600 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Jouida
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu R, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Shi M, Xia G, Yu S, Feng J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy/bevacizumab therapy for patients with advanced lung cancer and heavily treated with EGFR mutation: a retrospective analysis. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2959-2967. [PMID: 34164187 PMCID: PMC8182551 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background EGFR-mutated lung cancer poorly responded to anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monotherapy. Whether patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer can benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy combined with other drugs remains controversial. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of the PD-1 inhibitor combined with other drugs (chemotherapy and/or bevacizumab) in patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer, who have progressed on EGFR–TKI treatment to determine the activity of the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy combined with chemotherapy or/and bevacizumab therapy in heavily treated patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Methods We identified 56 patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or combined with the chemotherapy/bevacizumab therapy. The objective response rates were assessed using RECIST v1.1. Adverse events (AEs) were graded in accordance with the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the Academic Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. (NO. 2019 160), and individual consent for this retrospective analysis was waived. Results Objective responses were observed in 6 of 56 (10.7%) patients, and the disease control rate was 53.6% (30/56). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.33 months with 95% CI of 1.58–5.08 months. No patient achieved a complete response. All six patients that achieved PR were treated with the PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy or bevacizumab therapy. Three of the six patients who achieved PR were treated with radiotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy. Patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy as second-line therapy showed relatively longer PFS and higher objective response rates than those treated with PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy as third- or late-line therapy (PFS: 5.50 vs. 3.27 months, P=0.301; objective response rates: 25.0% vs. 6.82%, P=0.071). No additional AE profile was observed. Conclusions The PD-1 inhibitor combined with the chemotherapy/bevacizumab therapy showed acceptable toxicity profile and moderate efficacy on heavily treated advanced EGFR-mutated lung cancer after the exhaustion of target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiting Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiqi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohao Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaorong Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qiao M, Jiang T, Liu X, Mao S, Zhou F, Li X, Zhao C, Chen X, Su C, Ren S, Zhou C. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: Dusk or Dawn? J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1267-1288. [PMID: 33915248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 axis have significantly shifted the treatment paradigm in advanced NSCLC, clinical benefits of these agents are limited in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Several predictive biomarkers (e.g., programmed cell death ligand-1 expression, tumor mutation burden), which have been validated in EGFR-wild type NSCLC, however, are not efficacious in EGFR-mutated tumors, suggesting the unique characteristics of tumor microenvironment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Here, we first summarized the clinical evidence on the efficacy of ICIs in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Then, the cancer immunogram features of EGFR-mutated NSCLC was depicted to visualize the state of cancer-immune system interactions, including tumor foreignness, tumor sensitivity to immune effectors, metabolism, general immune status, immune cell infiltration, cytokines, and soluble molecules. We further discussed the potential subpopulations with EGFR mutations that could benefit from ICI treatment. Lastly, we put forward future strategies to adequately maximize the efficacy of ICI treatment in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC in the upcoming era of combination immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xie S, Wu Z, Qi Y, Wu B, Zhu X. The metastasizing mechanisms of lung cancer: Recent advances and therapeutic challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111450. [PMID: 33690088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors that threaten human life with serious incidence and high mortality. According to the histopathological characteristics, lung cancer is mainly divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 80-85% of lung cancers. In fact, lung cancer metastasis is a major cause of treatment failure in clinical patients. The underlying reason is that the mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis are still not fully understood. The metastasis of lung cancer cells is controlled by many factors, including the interaction of various components in the lung cancer microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transformation, and metastasis of cancer cells through blood vessels and lymphatics. The molecular relationships are even more intricate. Further study on the mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis and in search of effective therapeutic targets can bring more reference directions for clinical drug research and development. This paper focuses on the factors affecting lung cancer metastasis and connects with related molecular mechanisms of the lung cancer metastasis and mechanisms of lung cancer to specific organs, which mainly reviews the latest research progress of NSCLC metastasis. Besides, in this paper, experimental models of lung cancer and metastasis, mechanisms in SCLC transfer and the challenges about clinical management of lung cancer are also discussed. The review is intended to provide reference value for the future research in this field and promising treatment clues for clinical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Binhua Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahn R, Ursini-Siegel J. Clinical Potential of Kinase Inhibitors in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052608. [PMID: 33807608 PMCID: PMC7961781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic kinases contribute to immunosuppression and modulate the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. Increasing evidence supports the fundamental role of oncogenic kinase signaling networks in coordinating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. This has led to numerous studies examining the efficacy of kinase inhibitors in inducing anti-tumor immune responses by increasing tumor immunogenicity. Kinase inhibitors are the second most common FDA-approved group of drugs that are deployed for cancer treatment. With few exceptions, they inevitably lead to intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, particularly in patients with metastatic disease when used as a monotherapy. On the other hand, cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have revolutionized cancer treatment for malignancies such as melanoma and lung cancer. However, key hurdles remain to successfully incorporate such therapies in the treatment of other solid cancers. Here, we review the recent literature on oncogenic kinases that regulate tumor immunogenicity, immune suppression, and anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we discuss current efforts in clinical trials that combine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat breast cancer and other solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhjin Ahn
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-340-8222 (ext. 26557); Fax: +514-340-7502
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schubert A, Boutros M. Extracellular vesicles and oncogenic signaling. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3-26. [PMID: 33207034 PMCID: PMC7782092 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer therapy. While the field of EV research is rapidly developing and their application as vehicles for therapeutic cargo is being tested, little is still known about the exact mechanisms of signaling specificity and cargo transfer by EVs, especially in vivo. Several signaling cascades have been found to use EVs for signaling in the tumor-stroma interaction. These include potentially oncogenic, verbatim transforming, signaling cascades such as Wnt and TGF-β signaling, and other signaling cascades that have been tightly associated with tumor progression and metastasis, such as PD-L1 and VEGF signaling. Multiple mechanisms of how these signaling cascades and EVs interplay to mediate these complex processes have been described, such as direct signal activation through pathway components on or in EVs or indirectly by influencing vesicle biogenesis, cargo sorting, or uptake dynamics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of EVs, their biogenesis, and our understanding of EV interactions with recipient cells with a focus on selected oncogenic and cancer-associated signaling pathways. After an in-depth look at how EVs mediate and influence signaling, we discuss potentially translatable EV functions and existing knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schubert
- Division Signaling and Functional GenomicsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg UniversityGermany
- Clinic for Hematology and Medical OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGermany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional GenomicsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg UniversityGermany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma YS, Yang XL, Xin R, Liu JB, Fu D. Power and promise of exosomes as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic vectors for liquid biopsy and cancer control. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188497. [PMID: 33370570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, microvesicles derived from the nuclear endosome and plasma membrane, can be released into the extracellular environment to act as mediators between the cell membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, or RNA. Exosomes are considered effective carriers of intercellular signals in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, because of their ability to efficiently transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cellular compartments. Since the 2007 discovery that exosomes carry bioactive substances, exosomes have been intensively researched. In various physiological and pathological processes, exosomes play important biological roles by specifically combining with receptor cells and transmitting information. Their stable biological characteristics, diversity of contents, non-invasiveness path for introducing signaling molecules, and ability for rapid detection make exosomes a promising clinical diagnostic marker for potentially many pathological conditions, including cancers. Exosomes are not only considered biomarkers and prognostic disease factors, but also have potential as gene carriers and drug delivery vectors, and have important clinical significance and application potential in the fields of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu Z, Sun Y, Sun T, Wang T. Combined Application of Nanotechnology and Multiple Therapies with Tumor Immune Checkpoints. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 China
| | - Tiedong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gallo C, Barra G, Saponaro M, Manzo E, Fioretto L, Ziaco M, Nuzzo G, d’Ippolito G, De Palma R, Fontana A. A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E604. [PMID: 33260400 PMCID: PMC7760914 DOI: 10.3390/md18120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Giusi Barra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marisa Saponaro
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica “A.Dohrn”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, University of Genova and IRCCS-Hospital S. Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zanetti-Domingues LC, Bonner SE, Martin-Fernandez ML, Huber V. Mechanisms of Action of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Incorporated in Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112505. [PMID: 33228060 PMCID: PMC7699420 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR and some of the cognate ligands extensively traffic in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different biogenesis pathways. EGFR belongs to a family of four homologous tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs). This family are one of the major drivers of cancer and is involved in several of the most frequent malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. The carrier EVs exert crucial biological effects on recipient cells, impacting immunity, pre-metastatic niche preparation, angiogenesis, cancer cell stemness and horizontal oncogene transfer. While EV-mediated EGFR signalling is important to EGFR-driven cancers, little is known about the precise mechanisms by which TKRs incorporated in EVs play their biological role, their stoichiometry and associations to other proteins relevant to cancer pathology and EV biogenesis, and their means of incorporation in the target cell. In addition, it remains unclear whether different subtypes of EVs incorporate different complexes of TKRs with specific functions. A raft of high spatial and temporal resolution methods is emerging that could solve these and other questions regarding the activity of EGFR and its ligands in EVs. More importantly, methods are emerging to block or mitigate EV activity to suppress cancer progression and drug resistance. By highlighting key findings and areas that remain obscure at the intersection of EGFR signalling and EV action, we hope to cross-fertilise the two fields and speed up the application of novel techniques and paradigms to both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK;
- Correspondence: (L.C.Z.-D.); (V.H.)
| | - Scott E. Bonner
- The Wood Lab, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK;
| | - Veronica Huber
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.C.Z.-D.); (V.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Frawley T, Piskareva O. Extracellular Vesicle Dissemination of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ligands and Its Role in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113200. [PMID: 33143170 PMCID: PMC7693808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpression of the transmembrane protein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), drives tumour progression in several cancers including breast, lung, glioblastoma and head and neck cancers. In recent years, it has been shown that tumour cells can transfer EGFR to other tumour cells and non-tumour cells using extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells and contain protein, RNA and DNA. The function of EVs is to send messages between cells which occurs in both healthy and diseased states. In this review, we will discuss how the transfer of EGFR and EGFR ligands by EVs in cancer can promote metastases, the formation of new tumour blood vessels and decrease the anti-tumour activity of immune cells. We will also discuss how EGFR contained in EVs can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic marker of cancer, and finally, how EVs can be re-engineered to promote targeting to EGFR expressing tumours. Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway functions through the autocrine or paracrine activation of cellular EGFR by a number of transmembrane ligands. Amplified or mutant EGFR can lead to tumour formation due to increased cell proliferation, growth, migration and survival signals. These oncogenic effects were thought to be confined to aberrant cells hosting genetic alterations in EGFR. However, in the past decade, numerous studies identified that tumour cells could harness extracellular vesicles (EVs) to disseminate EGFR, mutant EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR and EGFR ligands to local and distant cells. This functions to impart a pro-tumourigenic phenotype in recipient cells. EVs play an essential role in intracellular communication, through receptor signalling or the release of their intra-vesicular content into recipient cells. This review will discuss the role of EVs delivering EGFR or EGFR ligands either to or from tumour cells and how this can promote metastases, pre-metastatic niche formation, osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis and immune modulation in cancer. We will examine how circulating EVs positive for EGFR may be exploited as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic markers in cancers including breast, lung, glioblastoma, ovarian and prostate. Finally, we will explore recent breakthroughs in bio-engineering EVs with EGFR targeting abilities for targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frawley
- Cancer Bio-Engineering Group, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, D12 8MGH Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (O.P.); Tel.: +353-1-402-2123 (O.P.); Fax: +353-1-402-2453 (O.P.)
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Cancer Bio-Engineering Group, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, D12 8MGH Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 8QV2 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 8PVW Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (O.P.); Tel.: +353-1-402-2123 (O.P.); Fax: +353-1-402-2453 (O.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu D, Liu Y, Li X, Liu Y, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wu J, Tian C, Zeng Y, Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Gu F, Zhang K, Hu Y, Liu L. Identification of Clonal Neoantigens Derived From Driver Mutations in an EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer Patient Benefitting From Anti-PD-1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1366. [PMID: 32793190 PMCID: PMC7390822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been recommended as the first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitable. Although immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand (L)1 axis have achieved clinical success for many cancer types, the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockades in EGFR mutated NSCLC patients has been demonstrated to be lower than those without EGFR mutations. Here, we reported an advanced NSCLC patient with EGFR driver mutations benefitting from anti-PD-1 blockade therapy after acquiring resistance to EGFR-TKI. We characterized the mutational landscape of the patient with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and successfully identified specific T-cell responses to clonal neoantigens encoded by EGFR exon 19 deletion, TP53 A116T and DENND6B R398Q mutations. Our findings support the potential application of immune checkpoint blockades in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in the context of specific clonal neoantigens with high immunogenicity. Personalized immunomodulatory therapy targeting these neoantigens should be explored for better clinical outcomes in EGFR mutated NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhikun Zhao
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajie Xiao
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Feifei Gu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ginefra P, Lorusso G, Vannini N. Innate Immune Cells and Their Contribution to T-Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124441. [PMID: 32580431 PMCID: PMC7352556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has become the most promising therapy for a variety of cancer types. The development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells (adoptive cell therapy (ACT)) or the generation of T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) have been successfully applied to elicit durable immunological responses in cancer patients. However, not all the patients respond to these therapies, leaving a consistent gap of therapeutic improvement that still needs to be filled. The innate immune components of the tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in the activation and modulation of the adaptive immune response against the tumor. Indeed, several efforts are made to develop strategies aimed to harness innate immune cells in the context of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the contribution of innate immune cells in T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy and the therapeutic approaches implemented to broaden the efficacy of these therapies in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Ginefra
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence and Stem Cell Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Institute, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;
| | - Girieca Lorusso
- Experimental and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology, Immunology (OMI), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Nicola Vannini
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence and Stem Cell Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Institute, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Santarpia M, Aguilar A, Chaib I, Cardona AF, Fancelli S, Laguia F, Bracht JWP, Cao P, Molina-Vila MA, Karachaliou N, Rosell R. Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Signaling Pathways, Metabolism, and PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1475. [PMID: 32516941 PMCID: PMC7352732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of advanced (metastatic) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently mainly based on immunotherapy with antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1, alone, or in combination with chemotherapy. In locally advanced NSCLC and in early resected stages, immunotherapy is also employed. Tumor PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry is considered the standard practice. Response rate is low, with median progression free survival very short in the vast majority of studies reported. Herein, numerous biological facets of NSCLC are described involving driver genetic lesions, mutations ad fusions, PD-L1 glycosylation, ferroptosis and metabolic rewiring in NSCLC and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Novel concepts, such as immune-transmitters and the effect of neurotransmitters in immune evasion and tumor growth, the nascent relevance of necroptosis and pyroptosis, possible new biomarkers, such as gasdermin D and gasdermin E, the conundrum of K-Ras mutations in LUADs, with the growing recognition of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and metabolic pathways, including others, are also commented. The review serves to charter diverse treatment solutions, depending on the main altered signaling pathways, in order to have effectual immunotherapy. Tumor PDCD1 gene (encoding PD-1) has been recently described, in equilibrium with tumor PD-L1 (encoded by PDCD1LG1). Such description explains tumor hyper-progression, which has been reported in several studies, and poises the fundamental criterion that IHC PD-L1 expression as a biomarker should be revisited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrés Aguilar
- Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Hospital Universitario Quirón-Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Imane Chaib
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (I.C.); (S.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Andrés Felipe Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC Translational Oncology, Bogotá 100110, Colombia;
| | - Sara Fancelli
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (I.C.); (S.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Fernando Laguia
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (I.C.); (S.F.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Peng Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Miguel Angel Molina-Vila
- Pangaea Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirón-Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.W.P.B.); (M.A.M.-V.)
| | | | - Rafael Rosell
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (I.C.); (S.F.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|