1
|
Criscuolo M, Tosti ME, Broccoli A, Varettoni M, Maraglino AME, Anastasia A, Cantonetti M, Trentin L, Kovalchuk S, Orsucci L, Deodato M, Spolzino A, Volpetti S, Annibali O, Storti S, Stelitano C, Marchesi F, Morè S, Fianchi L, Falini B, Pulsoni A, Tiacci E, Zinzani PL, Pagano L. Second Neoplasms in Italian Patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia after Treatment with Cladribine: A Multicenter Investigation and Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1475. [PMID: 38672557 PMCID: PMC11048584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Concern has emerged about the prevalence of second cancers among patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) treated with purine analogs. We investigated 513 patients with HCL treated with cladribine over the last 30 years at 18 Italian centers and calculated their standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). We identified 24 patients with a second cancer diagnosed at a median time from treatment with cladribine of 59.9 months (range: 9.2-169.7 months). All patients with solid neoplasms presented with a limited-stage disease, except four cases of locally advanced cancer; multiple myeloma patients had a smoldering disease, while lymphoma patients had stage Ie and stage IV diseases. Response to therapy was complete in 19 cases; 1 patient is still receiving treatment for a relapsing bladder disease, while 2 patients progressed during treatment and died. These two patients died from unrelated causes: one from infection and one due to surgery complications. The median OS from HCL was 98.5 months (range: 38.4-409.2 months), while the median OS from second cancer was 27.6 months (range: 1-117.8 months). The SIR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.54-1.30) for males and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.36-2.73) for females: no statistically significant differences were highlighted. We were not able to demonstrate an excess of second cancer or a significant association with the specific studied neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Criscuolo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.)
| | | | - Alessandro Broccoli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.L.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Varettoni
- Divisione di Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | | | - Maria Cantonetti
- Dipartimento di Oncoematologia Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Livio Trentin
- Division of Haematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Padova, 35137 Padua, Italy;
| | | | - Lorella Orsucci
- S.C. Ematologia, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marina Deodato
- Divisione di Ematologia, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelica Spolzino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
- Oncoematologia, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCSS, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpetti
- Clinica Ematologia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Storti
- UOC Oncoematologia Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Campobasso—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Caterina Stelitano
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sonia Morè
- Clinica di Ematologia, AOU delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Luana Fianchi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (B.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Alessandro Pulsoni
- Divisione di Ematologia, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Tiacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (B.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.L.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Livio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.)
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagy ZF, Ferenczi K, Istenes I, Eid H, Bödör C, Timár B, Demeter J. Case Report: Development of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma a Long Time After Hairy Cell Leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610338. [PMID: 35570843 PMCID: PMC9098676 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare B cell malignancy with an indolent course leading to pancytopaenia due to bone marrow infiltration. It has been proposed that HCL patients are at risk of developing a secondary malignancy, with a marked likelihood of the development of other hematologic malignancies including Hodgkin lymphoma and high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Here, we present the case of two patients who developed diffuse large B cell lymphoma after a long course of hairy cell leukaemia. In the case of the female patient, we report on the occurrence of a third malignant disease, which is very uncommon. With our case descriptions we contribute to the very small number of similar cases reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia F. Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Ferenczi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Istenes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hanna Eid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Timár
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Demeter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Troussard X, Maître E, Cornet E. Hairy cell leukemia 2022: Update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and treatment. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:226-236. [PMID: 34710243 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid B-cell disorders characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course, and the need for appropriate treatment. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of 3 or 4 based on the CD11C, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression, the trephine biopsy which makes it possible to specify the degree of tumoral medullary infiltration and the presence of BRAFV600E somatic mutation. RISK STRATIFICATION Progression of patients with HCL is based on a large splenomegaly, leukocytosis, a high number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene mutational status. VH4-34-positive HCL cases are associated with a poor prognosis. TREATMENT Patients should be treated only if HCL is symptomatic. Chemotherapy with risk adapted therapy purine analogs (PNAs) are indicated in first-line HCL patients. The use of chemo-immunotherapy combining PNAs and rituximab (R) represents an increasingly used therapeutic approach. Management of relapsed/refractory disease is based on the use of BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) plus rituximab or MEK inhibitors (MEKi), recombinant immunoconjugates targeting CD22 or Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (BTKi). However, the optimal sequence of the different treatments remains to be determined. The Bcl2-inhibitors (Bcl-2i) can play a major role in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Troussard
- Laboratoire Hématologie CHU Côte de Nacre Caen Cedex France
- Université Caen Normandie Caen Cedex France
| | - Elsa Maître
- Laboratoire Hématologie CHU Côte de Nacre Caen Cedex France
- Université Caen Normandie Caen Cedex France
| | - Edouard Cornet
- Laboratoire Hématologie CHU Côte de Nacre Caen Cedex France
- Université Caen Normandie Caen Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng G, Chattopadhyay S, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Försti A, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Types of second primary cancer influence overall survival in cutaneous melanoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1123. [PMID: 34663263 PMCID: PMC8524825 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Favorable survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) has increased the likelihood of second primary cancer (SPC). We assess the influence of patient characteristics at diagnosis of first melanoma and the type of SPC (second melanoma and other SPC) on overall survival. METHODS We used the Swedish Cancer Registry data to assess overall survival in melanoma for the period 1990 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox regression models by considering SPC diagnosis as a time-dependent variable. RESULTS A total of 46,726 patients were diagnosed with melanoma, and 15.3% of them developed SPC, among which, two thirds were other SPCs. Second melanomas were diagnosed early (31% during the first year) compared to non-melanoma SPCs (9.5%). Survival for women with second melanoma or other SPC (56 and 21% alive after 25 years of follow-up, respectively) exceeded the male rates (21 and 10%, respectively) but all these figures were lower than for females (60% alive) or males (48%) without SPC. Time dependent analysis showed vastly increased HRs for cancer types that are fatal also as first cancers, but SPC-specific HRs remained relatively uniform, irrespective of SPC diagnosed soon or late after first melanoma. In early-onset melanoma, SPC diagnosis after 10 years may not negatively influence overall survival. CONCLUSIONS As the overall survival of patients with many types of SPCs is unfavorable, advice about health lifestyle should benefit smoking patients and early detection methods may be recommended for SPCs of the breast, prostate and colorectum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiao Zheng
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Subhayan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
[Hairy cell leukemia: What are the best treatment options for relapsed or refractory patients?]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:771-778. [PMID: 34023063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia is a rare form of leukemia: three hundred new cases are diagnosed each year in France. The diagnosis is based on: (1) morphological examination of the blood and bone marrow smear, (2) analysis by flow cytometry of hairy cells, which express three or the four following markers: CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123, (3) identification of the BRAFV600E mutation, a true molecular marker of the disease. The management of treatment has evolved considerably in recent years. As of today, the purine analogues remain the standard treatment in the first line. Relapses are however observed in about 40% of cases. In the event of a first relapse, the preferred option is treatment with immunochemotherapy i.e. a combination of cladribine plus rituximab. Subsequent relapses are treated with moxetumomab pasudotox or BRAF inhibitors which provide indisputable benefits if third-line treatment is required. We will discuss in patients with relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia the needs for personalized medicine and the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment modality. The good prognosis for LT requires treatments that are not immunosuppressive, non-myelotoxic, and do not increase the risk of secondary cancers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marchetti M, Ghirardi A, Masciulli A, Carobbio A, Palandri F, Vianelli N, Rossi E, Betti S, Di Veroli A, Iurlo A, Cattaneo D, Finazzi G, Bonifacio M, Scaffidi L, Patriarca A, Rumi E, Casetti IC, Stephenson C, Guglielmelli P, Elli EM, Palova M, Rapezzi D, Erez D, Gomez M, Wille K, Perez‐Encinas M, Lunghi F, Angona A, Fox ML, Beggiato E, Benevolo G, Carli G, Cacciola R, McMullin MF, Tieghi A, Recasens V, Isfort S, Pane F, De Stefano V, Griesshammer M, Alvarez‐Larran A, Vannucchi AM, Rambaldi A, Barbui T. Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:295-301. [PMID: 31816122 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One out of ten patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) develop a second cancer (SC): in such patients we aimed at assessing the survival impact of SC itself and of MPN-specific therapies. Data were therefore extracted from an international nested case-control study, recruiting 798 patients with SC diagnosed concurrently or after the MPN. Overall, 2995 person-years (PYs) were accumulated and mortality rate (MR) since SC diagnosis was 5.9 (5.1-6.9) deaths for every 100 PYs. A "poor prognosis" SC (stomach, esophagus, liver, pancreas, lung, ovary, head-and-neck or nervous system, osteosarcomas, multiple myeloma, aggressive lymphoma, acute leukemia) was reported in 26.3% of the patients and was the cause of death in 65% of them (MR 11.0/100 PYs). In contrast, patients with a "non-poor prognosis" SC (NPPSC) incurred a MR of 4.6/100 PYs: 31% of the deaths were attributed to SC and 15% to MPN evolution. At multivariable analysis, death after SC diagnosis was independently predicted (HR and 95% CI) by patient age greater than 70 years (2.68; 1.88-3.81), the SC prognostic group (2.57; 1.86-3.55), SC relapse (1.53; 10.6-2.21), MPN evolution (2.72; 1.84-4.02), anemia at SC diagnosis (2.32; 1.49-3.59), exposure to hydroxyurea (1.89; 1.26-2.85) and to ruxolitinib (3.63; 1.97-6.71). Aspirin was protective for patients with a NPPSC (0.60; 0.38-0.95). In conclusion, SC is a relevant cause of death competing with MPN evolution. Prospective data are awaited to confirm the role of cytoreductive and anti-platelet drugs in modulating patient survival after the occurrence of a SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Ghirardi
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
| | - Arianna Masciulli
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
| | | | - Francesca Palandri
- Institute of Hematology “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy
| | - Nicola Vianelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy
| | - Elena Rossi
- Institute of HematologyCatholic University Rome Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Betti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Division of HematologyFoundation IRCCS Caʼ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Division of HematologyFoundation IRCCS Caʼ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Guido Finazzi
- Division of HematologyPapa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
| | | | - Luigi Scaffidi
- Department of Medicine, Section of HematologyUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Andrea Patriarca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Hematology OncologyFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Pavia Italy
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM‐Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative NeoplasmsAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Firenze Italy
- Department Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence Firenze Italy
| | | | - Miroslava Palova
- Department of Hemato‐oncologyUniversity Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Davide Rapezzi
- S.C. EmatologiaAzienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle Cuneo Italy
| | - Daniel Erez
- Hematology Institute and Blood BankMeir Medical Center Kfar Saba Israel
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Montse Gomez
- Department of HematologyHospital Clínico Universitario Valencia Spain
| | - Kai Wille
- University Clinic for Hematology and Oncology Minden, University of Bochum Minden Germany
| | - Manuel Perez‐Encinas
- Deparment of HematologyHospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francesca Lunghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Anna Angona
- Department of HematologyHospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Laura Fox
- Department of HematologyHospital Universitario Vall dʼHebron Barcelona Spain
| | - Eloise Beggiato
- Unit of Hematology, Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Giulia Benevolo
- Division of HematologyCittà della Salute e della Scienza Hospital Torino Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carli
- Division of HematologySan Bortolo Hospital Vicenza Italy
| | - Rossella Cacciola
- Haemostasis Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Catania, “Policlinico‐Vittorio Emanuele” Hospital Catania Italy
| | | | - Alessia Tieghi
- Hematology UnitAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale‐IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Valle Recasens
- Department of HematologyHospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain
| | - Susanne Isfort
- Center for Translational & Clinical Research Aachen (CTC‐A)University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Fabrizio Pane
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant CenterUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Valerio De Stefano
- Institute of HematologyCatholic University Rome Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Martin Griesshammer
- University Clinic for Hematology and Oncology Minden, University of Bochum Minden Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
- CRIMM‐Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative NeoplasmsAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Firenze Italy
- Department Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence Firenze Italy
| | | | - Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng G, Chattopadhyay S, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Försti A, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Second Primary Cancers in Melanoma Patients Critically Shorten Survival. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:105-112. [PMID: 32158273 PMCID: PMC6986257 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s230149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma has improved but increasing survival will result in an increased likelihood of the occurrence of second primary cancers (SPCs). SPCs may adversely interfere with survival. We quantified survival in patients with different types of SPCs, in comparison to known poor prognostic indicators of metastatic disease. Methods Data for melanoma and any SPCs were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry for years 2003 through 2015, including clinical TNM classification. SPCs were grouped into three ‘prognostic groups’ based on 5-year relative survival of these cancers as first primary cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression, adjusted for a number of variables and treating diagnosis of SPC as a time-dependent variable. Results The total number of first melanoma patients was 28,716 followed by 3,202 (11.1%) SPCs, 1/3 of which had a second melanoma while 2/3 had other SPCs. Among men diagnosed at age over 70 years, who survived at least 10 years, 31.4% had SPC. HRs (95% CI) for survival increased systematically from the reference rate of 1.00 (no SPC) to 1.59 (1.35–1.87) with SPC of good prognosis (78.6% of SPCs) to 3.49 (2.58–4.72) of moderate prognosis (12.0%) and to 7.93 (5.50–11.44) of poor prognosis (9.4%). In patients without SPC, the HRs increased to 2.62 (2.02–3.39) with any nodal metastases and to 5.88 (4.57–7.57) with any distant metastases compared to patients without local or distant metastases. Conclusion The data showed that SPCs are an increasingly common negative prognostic factor for melanoma. Future attempts to improve melanoma survival need to target SPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiao Zheng
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subhayan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen 30605, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maitre E, Cornet E, Troussard X. Hairy cell leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:1413-1422. [PMID: 31591741 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid B-cell disorders. They are characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course and the need for appropriate treatment. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of three or four based on the CD11C, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression. Also, the trephine biopsy which makes it possible to specify the degree of tumoral medullary infiltration and the presence of BRAF V600E somatic mutation. RISK STRATIFICATION Progression of patients with HCL is based on a large splenomegaly, leukocytosis, a high number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene mutational status. The VH4-34 positive HCL cases are associated with poor prognosis. TREATMENT Risk adapted therapy with purine nucleoside analogs (PNA) are indicated in symptomatic first line HCL patients. The use of PNA followed by rituximab represents an alternative option. Management of progressive or refractory disease is based on the use of BRAF inhibitors associated or not with MEK inhibitors, recombinant immunoconjugates targeting CD22 or BCR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Maitre
- Laboratoire Hématologie CHU Côte de Nacre Caen Cedex France
| | - Edouard Cornet
- Laboratoire Hématologie CHU Côte de Nacre Caen Cedex France
| | | |
Collapse
|