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Zhao H, Zhao P, Huang C. Targeted inhibition of SUMOylation: treatment of tumors. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1347-1354. [PMID: 38856883 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins involved in the regulation of biological processes such as protein homeostasis, DNA repair and cell cycle in normal and tumor cells. In particular, overexpression of SUMOylation components in tumor cells increases the activity of intracellular SUMOylation, protects target proteins against ubiquitination degradation and activation, promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, providing immune evasion and increasing tolerance to chemotherapy and antitumor drugs. However, with the continuous research on SUMOylation and with the continued development of SUMOylation inhibitors, it has been found that tumor initiation and progression can be inhibited by blocking SUMOylation and/or in combination with drugs. SUMOylation is not a bad target when trying to treat tumor. This review introduces SUMOylation cycle pathway and summarizes the role of SUMOylation in tumor initiation and progression and SUMOylation inhibitors and their functions in tumors and provides a prospective view of SUMOylation as a new therapeutic target for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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Zhu G, Tong N, Zhu Y, Wang L, Wang Q. The crosstalk between SUMOylation and immune system in host-pathogen interactions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38619159 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2339259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens can not only cause infectious diseases, immune system diseases, and chronic diseases, but also serve as potential triggers or initiators for certain tumors. They directly or indirectly damage human health and are one of the leading causes of global deaths. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification, a type of protein post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs when SUMO groups bond covalently to particular lysine residues on substrate proteins, plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunologic responses, as well as pathogen-host immune system crosstalk. SUMOylation participates in the host's defense against pathogens by regulating immune responses, while numerically vast and taxonomically diverse pathogens have evolved to exploit the cellular SUMO modification system to break through innate defenses. Here, we describe the characteristics and multiple functions of SUMOylation as a pivotal PTM mechanism, the tactics employed by various pathogens to counteract the immune system through targeting host SUMOylation, and the character of the SUMOylation system in the fight between pathogens and the host immune system. We have also included a summary of the potential anti-pathogen SUMO enzyme inhibitors. This review serves as a reference for basic research and clinical practice in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of pathogenic microorganism-caused disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Zhu
- Guangdong Province Solid Waste Recycling and Heavy Metal Pollution Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environment Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Tong
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yipeng Zhu
- Guagnzhou NO.6 Middle school, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lize Wang
- General Department, Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Gabellier L, De Toledo M, Chakraborty M, Akl D, Hallal R, Aqrouq M, Buonocore G, Recasens-Zorzo C, Cartron G, Delort A, Piechaczyk M, Tempé D, Bossis G. SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 (subasumstat) synergizes with 5-azacytidine in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:98-114. [PMID: 37608777 PMCID: PMC10772526 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are severe hematomalignancies with dismal prognosis. The post-translational modification SUMOylation plays key roles in leukemogenesis and AML response to therapies. Here, we show that TAK-981 (subasumstat), a first-in-class SUMOylation inhibitor, is endowed with potent anti-leukemic activity in various preclinical models of AML. TAK-981 targets AML cell lines and patient blast cells in vitro and in vivo in xenografted mice with minimal toxicity on normal hematopoietic cells. Moreover, it synergizes with 5-azacytidine (AZA), a DNA-hypomethylating agent now used in combination with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax to treat AML patients unfit for standard chemotherapies. Interestingly, TAK-981+AZA combination shows higher anti-leukemic activity than AZA+venetoclax combination both in vitro and in vivo, at least in the models tested. Mechanistically, TAK-981 potentiates the transcriptional reprogramming induced by AZA, promoting apoptosis, alteration of the cell cycle and differentiation of the leukemic cells. In addition, TAK-981+AZA treatment induces many genes linked to inflammation and immune response pathways. In particular, this leads to the secretion of type-I interferon by AML cells. Finally, TAK-981+AZA induces the expression of natural killer-activating ligands (MICA/B) and adhesion proteins (ICAM-1) at the surface of AML cells. Consistently, TAK-981+AZA-treated AML cells activate natural killer cells and increase their cytotoxic activity. Targeting SUMOylation with TAK-981 may thus be a promising strategy to both sensitize AML cells to AZA and reduce their immune-escape capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Gabellier
- IGMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier
| | | | | | - Dana Akl
- IGMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillaume Cartron
- IGMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier
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Cheng X, Yang W, Lin W, Mei F. Paradoxes of Cellular SUMOylation Regulation: A Role of Biomolecular Condensates? Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:979-1006. [PMID: 37137717 PMCID: PMC10441629 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation is a major post-translational modification essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. SUMOylation has long been associated with stress responses as a diverse array of cellular stress signals are known to trigger rapid alternations in global protein SUMOylation. In addition, while there are large families of ubiquitination enzymes, all small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are conjugated by a set of enzymatic machinery comprising one heterodimeric SUMO-activating enzyme, a single SUMO-conjugating enzyme, and a small number of SUMO protein ligases and SUMO-specific proteases. How a few SUMOylation enzymes specifically modify thousands of functional targets in response to diverse cellular stresses remains an enigma. Here we review recent progress toward understanding the mechanisms of SUMO regulation, particularly the potential roles of liquid-liquid phase separation/biomolecular condensates in regulating cellular SUMOylation during cellular stresses. In addition, we discuss the role of protein SUMOylation in pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutics targeting SUMOylation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Protein SUMOylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications and plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to stresses. Protein SUMOylation has been implicated in human pathogenesis, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and infection. After more than a quarter century of extensive research, intriguing enigmas remain regarding the mechanism of cellular SUMOylation regulation and the therapeutic potential of targeting SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fang Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Kulig P, Milczarek S, Bakinowska E, Szalewska L, Baumert B, Machaliński B. Lenalidomide in Multiple Myeloma: Review of Resistance Mechanisms, Current Treatment Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:963. [PMID: 36765919 PMCID: PMC9913106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of all cancers. Despite the initial poor prognosis for MM patients, their life expectancy has improved significantly with the development of novel agents. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are widely used in MM therapy. Their implementation has been a milestone in improving the clinical outcomes of patients. The first molecule belonging to the IMiDs was thalidomide. Subsequently, its novel derivatives, lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide (POM), were implemented. Almost all MM patients are exposed to LEN, which is the most commonly used IMiD. Despite the potent anti-MM activity of LEN, some patients eventually relapse and become LEN-resistant. Drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges of modern oncology and has become the main cause of cancer treatment failures. The number of patients receiving LEN is increasing, hence the problem of LEN resistance has become a great obstacle for hematologists worldwide. In this review, we intended to shed more light on the pathophysiology of LEN resistance in MM, with particular emphasis on the molecular background. Moreover, we have briefly summarized strategies to overcome LEN resistance and we have outlined future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Milczarek
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Laura Szalewska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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