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Navarro M, Laiz-Quiroga L, Blüguermann C, Mutto A. Livestock embryonic stem cells for reproductive biotechniques and genetic improvement. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20240029. [PMID: 39175999 PMCID: PMC11340801 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2024-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have proven to be a great in vitro model that faithfully recapitulates the events that occur during in vivo embryogenesis, making them a unique tool to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms that define tissue specification during embryonic development. Livestock ESCs are particularly attractive and have broad prospects including drug selection and human disease modeling, improvement of reproductive biotechniques and agriculture-related applications such as production of genetically modified animals. While mice and human ESCs have been established many years ago, no significant advances were made in livestock species until recently. Nowadays, livestock ESCs are available from cattle, pigs, sheep, horses and rabbits with different states of pluripotency. In this review, we summarize the current advances on livestock ESCs establishment and maintenance along with their present and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Navarro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías aplicadas a la Reproducción Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde”, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Laiz-Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías aplicadas a la Reproducción Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde”, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Blüguermann
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías aplicadas a la Reproducción Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde”, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Mutto
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías aplicadas a la Reproducción Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde”, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Segunda MN, Díaz C, Torres CG, Parraguez VH, De Los Reyes M, Peralta OA. Bovine Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (PB-MSCs) and Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) Display Contrasting Expression Patterns of Pluripotency and Germ Cell Markers under the Effect of Sertoli Cell Conditioned Medium. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:803. [PMID: 38473188 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro gamete derivation has been proposed as an interesting strategy for treatment of infertility, improvement of genetic traits, and conservation of endangered animals. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are primary candidates for in vitro gamete derivation; however, recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been proposed as candidates for germ cell (GCs) differentiation mainly due to their transdifferentiating capacity. The objective of the present study was to compare the potential for GC differentiation of bovine peripheral blood-derived MSCs (PB-MSCs) and SSCs under the effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from Sertoli cells (SCs/CM). Samples were collected every 7 days for 21 days and analyzed for pluripotent, GC, and MSC marker expression. The absence of OCT4 and the increased (p < 0.05) expression of NANOG seems to play a role in SSC differentiation, whereas the absence of NANOG and the increased expression (p < 0.05) of OCT4 may be required for PB-MSC differentiation into GCs. SSCs cultured with SCs/CM increased (p < 0.05) the expression of PIWIL2 and DAZL, while PB-MSCs cultured under the same condition only increased (p < 0.05) the expression of DAZL. Overall, the patterns of markers expression suggest that PB-MSCs and SSCs activate different signaling pathways after exposure to SCs/CM and during differentiation into GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés N Segunda
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Doctorate Program of Forestry, Agriculture, and Veterinary Sciences (DCSAV), University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade José Eduardo dos Santos, Bairro Santo António-Avenida Nuno Alvarez, Huambo 555, Angola
| | - Carlos Díaz
- Doctorate Program in Sciences, UNED, Bravo Murillo 38, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian G Torres
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Víctor H Parraguez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Mónica De Los Reyes
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Oscar A Peralta
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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3
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Li Y, Wu W, Xu W, Wang Y, Wan S, Chen W, Yang D, Zhang M, Wu X, Yang X, Du X, Wang C, Han M, Chen Y, Li N, Hua J. Eif2s3y alleviated LPS-induced damage to mouse testis and maintained spermatogenesis by negatively regulating Adamts5. Theriogenology 2023; 211:65-75. [PMID: 37586163 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Eif2s3y (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 3, structural gene Y-linked, Eif2s3y) is an essential gene for spermatogenesis. Early studies have shown that Eif2s3y can promote the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and can replace the Y chromosome together with sex-determining region Y (Sry) to transform SSCs into round spermatozoa. We injected lentiviral particles into the seminiferous tubules of mouse testes by sterile surgery surgically to establish overexpressing Eif2s3y testes. And then the mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to established the model of testis inflammation. Through RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR analysis, Western blot, co-culture etc., we found that Eif2s3y alleviated LPS-induced damage in mouse testes and maintained spermatogenesis. In testes with Eif2s3y overexpression, the seminiferous tubules were more regularly organized after exposure to LPS compared with the control. Eif2s3y performs its function by negatively regulating Adamts5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase containing a thrombospondin-1 motif), an extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme. ADAMTS5 shows a disruptive effect when the testis is exposed to LPS. Overexpression of Eif2s3y inhibited the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway in the testis in response to LPS. Generally, our research shows that Eif2s3y protects the testis from LPS and maintains spermatogenesis by negatively regulating Adamts5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shicheng Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuguang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Goszczynski DE, Navarro M, Mutto AA, Ross PJ. Review: Embryonic stem cells as tools for in vitro gamete production in livestock. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100828. [PMID: 37567652 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of in vitro gametogenesis is to reproduce the events of sperm and oocyte development in the laboratory. Significant advances have been made in the mouse in the last decade, but evolutionary divergence from the murine developmental program has prevented the replication of these advances in large mammals. In recent years, intensive work has been done in humans, non-human primates and livestock to elucidate species-specific differences that regulate germ cell development, due to the number of potential applications. One of the most promising applications is the use of in vitro gametes to optimize the spread of elite genetics in cattle. In this context, embryonic stem cells have been posed as excellent candidates for germ cell platforms. Here, we present the most relevant advances in in vitro gametogenesis of interest to livestock science, including new types of pluripotent stem cells with potential for germline derivation, characterization of the signaling environment in the gonadal niche, and experimental systems used to reproduce different stages of germ cell development in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Goszczynski
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina
| | - M Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina
| | - A A Mutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina
| | - P J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; STgenetics, Navasota, TX, USA.
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Das R, Harper L, Kitajima K, Osman TAH, Cimpan MR, Johannssen AC, Suliman S, Mackenzie IC, Costea DE. Embryonic Stem Cells Can Generate Oral Epithelia under Matrix Instruction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097694. [PMID: 37175400 PMCID: PMC10177836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether molecular clues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can induce oral epithelial differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) of the feeder-independent cell line E14 were used as a model for pluripotent stem cells. They were first grown in 2D on various matrices in media containing vitamin C and without leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Matrices investigated were gelatin, laminin, and extracellular matrices (ECM) synthesized by primary normal oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes in culture. Differentiation into epithelial lineages was assessed by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry for cytokeratins and stem cell markers. ESC grown in 2D on various matrices were afterwards grown in 3D organotypic cultures with or without oral fibroblasts in the collagen matrix and examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for epithelial (keratin pairs 1/10 and 4/13 to distinguish epidermal from oral epithelia and keratins 8,18,19 to phenotype simple epithelia) and mesenchymal (vimentin) phenotypes. ECM synthesized by either oral fibroblasts or keratinocytes was able to induce, in 2D cultures, the expression of cytokeratins of the stratified epithelial phenotype. When grown in 3D, all ESC developed into two morphologically distinct cell populations on collagen gels: (i) epithelial-like cells organized in islands with occasional cyst- or duct-like structures and (ii) spindle-shaped cells suggestive of mesenchymal differentiation. The 3D culture on oral fibroblast-populated collagen matrices was necessary for further differentiation into oral epithelia. Only ESC initially grown on 2D keratinocyte or fibroblast-synthesized matrices reached full epithelial maturation. In conclusion, ESC can generate oral epithelia under matrix instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Das
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa Harper
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Kayoko Kitajima
- Department of Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | | | | | - Anne Chr Johannssen
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ian C Mackenzie
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniela-Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology and Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Segunda MN, Díaz C, Torres CG, Parraguez VH, De los Reyes M, Peralta OA. Comparative Analysis of the Potential for Germ Cell (GC) Differentiation of Bovine Peripheral Blood Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (PB-MSC) and Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) in Co-Culture System with Sertoli Cells (SC). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020318. [PMID: 36670859 PMCID: PMC9854759 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) constitute primary candidates for in vitro germ cell (GC) derivation, they are scarce and difficult to maintain in an undifferentiated state. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are also candidates for GC derivation due to their simplicity for culture and multipotential for transdifferentiation. The aim of the present study was to compare the GC differentiation potentials of bull peripheral blood-derived MSC (PB-MSC) and SSC using an in vitro 3D co-culture system with Sertoli cells (SC). Samples of PB-MSC or SSC co-cultures with SC were collected on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and analyzed for pluripotency, GC and mesenchymal marker expression. Co-culture of PB-MSC+SC resulted in down-regulation of NANOG and up-regulation of OCT4 at day 7. In comparison, co-culture of SSC+SC resulted in consistent expression of NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 at day 14. During co-culture, SSC+SC increased the expression of DAZL, PIWIL2, FRAGILIS and STELLA and activated the expression of STRA8, whereas co-culture of PB-MSC+SC only increased the expression of DAZL and PIWIL2. Thus, co-culture of bull PB-MSC+SC and SSC+SC in 3D SACS results in differential expression of pluripotency and GC markers, where bull SSC display a more robust GC differentiation profile compared to PB-MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés N. Segunda
- Department of Animal Production Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Doctorate Program of Forestry, Agriculture, and Veterinary Sciences (DCSAV), University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade José Eduardo dos Santos, Bairro Santo António-Avenida Nuno Alvarez, Huambo 555, Angola
| | - Carlos Díaz
- Doctorate Program in Sciences, UNED, Bravo Murillo 38, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian G. Torres
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Víctor H. Parraguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Mónica De los Reyes
- Department of Animal Production Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Oscar A. Peralta
- Department of Animal Production Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Shi K, Wang B, Dou L, Wang S, Fu X, Yu H. Integrated bioinformatics analysis of the transcription factor-mediated gene regulatory networks in the formation of spermatogonial stem cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:949486. [PMID: 36569748 PMCID: PMC9773208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.949486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In vitro induction of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provides a promising tool for the treatment of male infertility. A variety of molecules are involved in this complex process, which needs to be further clarified. Undoubtedly, the increased knowledge of SSC formation will be beneficial to facilitate the currently complex induction process. Methods: Based on ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, RNA-seq, and microarray data from GEO datasets, chromatin property data (ATAC-seq, DNase-seq) and gene expression data (RNA-seq, microarray data) were combined to search for SSC-specific transcription factors (TFs) and hub SSC-specific genes by using the WGCNA method. Then, we applied RNA-seq and microarray data screening for key SSC-specific TFs and constructed key SSC-specific TF-mediated gene regulatory networks (GRNs) using ChIP-seq data. Results: First, after analysis of the ATAC-seq and DNase-seq data of mouse ESCs, primordial germ cells (PGCs), and SSCs, 33 SSC-specific TFs and 958 targeting genes were obtained. RNA-seq and WGCNA revealed that the key modules (turquoise and red) were the most significantly related to 958 SSC-specific genes, and a total of 10 hub SSC-specific genes were identified. Next, when compared with the cell-specific TFs in human ESCs, PGCs, and SSCs, we obtained five overlapping SSC-specific TF motifs, including the NF1 family TF motifs (NFIA, NFIB, NFIC, and NFIX), GRE, Fox:Ebox, PGR, and ARE. Among these, Nfib and Nfix exhibited abnormally high expression levels relative to mouse ESCs and PGCs. Moreover, Nfib and Nfix were upregulated in the testis sample with impaired spermatogenesis when compared with the normal group. Finally, the ChIP-seq data results showed that NFIB most likely targeted the hub SSC-specific genes of the turquoise module (Rpl36al, Rps27, Rps21, Nedd8, and Sec61b) and the red module (Vcam1 and Ccl2). Conclusion: Our findings preliminarily revealed cell-specific TFs and cell-specific TF-mediated GRNs in the process of SSC formation. The hub SSC-specific genes and the key SSC-specific TFs were identified and suggested complex network regulation, which may play key roles in optimizing the induction efficiency of the differentiation of ESCs into SSCs in vitro.
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8
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Super-enhancers conserved within placental mammals maintain stem cell pluripotency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204716119. [PMID: 36161929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204716119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite pluripotent stem cells sharing key transcription factors, their maintenance involves distinct genetic inputs. Emerging evidence suggests that super-enhancers (SEs) can function as master regulatory hubs to control cell identity and pluripotency in humans and mice. However, whether pluripotency-associated SEs share an evolutionary origin in mammals remains elusive. Here, we performed comprehensive comparative epigenomic and transcription factor binding analyses among pigs, humans, and mice to identify pluripotency-associated SEs. Like typical enhancers, SEs displayed rapid evolution in mammals. We showed that BRD4 is an essential and conserved activator for mammalian pluripotency-associated SEs. Comparative motif enrichment analysis revealed 30 shared transcription factor binding motifs among the three species. The majority of transcriptional factors that bind to identified motifs are known regulators associated with pluripotency. Further, we discovered three pluripotency-associated SEs (SE-SOX2, SE-PIM1, and SE-FGFR1) that displayed remarkable conservation in placental mammals and were sufficient to drive reporter gene expression in a pluripotency-dependent manner. Disruption of these conserved SEs through the CRISPR-Cas9 approach severely impaired stem cell pluripotency. Our study provides insights into the understanding of conserved regulatory mechanisms underlying the maintenance of pluripotency as well as species-specific modulation of the pluripotency-associated regulatory networks in mammals.
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Abstract
Successful in vitro spermatogenesis would generate functional haploid spermatids, and thus, form the basis for novel approaches to treat patients with impaired spermatogenesis or develop alternative strategies for male fertility preservation. Several culture strategies, including cell cultures using various stem cells and ex vivo cultures of testicular tissue, have been investigated to recapitulate spermatogenesis in vitro. Although some studies have described complete meiosis and subsequent generation of functional spermatids, key meiotic events, such as chromosome synapsis and homologous recombination required for successful meiosis and faithful in vitro-derived gametes, are often not reported. To guarantee the generation of in vitro-formed spermatids without persistent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal aberrations, criteria to evaluate whether all meiotic events are completely executed in vitro need to be established. In vivo, these meiotic events are strictly monitored by meiotic checkpoints that eliminate aberrant spermatocytes. To establish criteria to evaluate in vitro meiosis, we review the meiotic events and checkpoints that have been investigated by previous in vitro spermatogenesis studies. We found that, although major meiotic events such as initiation of DSBs and recombination, complete chromosome synapsis, and XY-body formation can be achieved in vitro, crossover formation, chiasmata frequency, and checkpoint mechanisms have been mostly ignored. In addition, complete spermiogenesis, during which round spermatids differentiate into elongated spermatids, has not been achieved in vitro by various cell culture strategies. Finally, we discuss the implications of meiotic checkpoints for in vitro spermatogenesis protocols and future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Hamer
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Batista VF, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Carreira ACO, Smith LC, Rodrigues R, Araujo MS, Souza Silva DR, Moraes FDJ, Garcia JM, Miglino MA. Recellularized rat testis scaffolds with embryoid bodies cells: a promising approach for tissue engineering. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:44-54. [PMID: 35086406 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.2007554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is gaining use to investigate the application of its techniques for infertility treatment. The use of pluripotent embryonic cells for in vitro production of viable spermatozoa in testicular scaffolds is a promising strategy that could solve male infertility. Due to cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, here we aim to investigate the differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs) in cultured into decellularized rat testis scaffolds. Decellularized testis (P = 0.019) with a low concentration of gDNA (30.58 mg/ng tissue) was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate perfusion. The structural proteins (collagens type I and III) and the adhesive glycoproteins of ECM (laminin and fibronectin) were preserved according to histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Then, decellularized rat testis were cultured for 7 days with EB, and EB mixed with retinoic acid (RA) in non-adherent plates. By SEM, we observe that embryonic stem cells adhered in the decellularized testis ECM. By immunofluorescence, we verified the positive expression of HSD17B3, GDNF, ACRV-1, and TRIM-36, indicating their differentiation using RA in vitro, reinforcing the possibility of EB in male germ cell differentiation. Finally, recellularized testis ECM may be a promising tool for future new approaches for testicular cell differentiation applied to assisted reproduction techniques and infertility treatment.Abbreviations: ACRV-1: Acrosomal vesicle protein 1; ATB: Penicillin-streptomycin; DAPI: 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; EB: Embryoid bodies; ECM: Extracellular matrix; ESCs: Pluripotent embryonic stem cells; GAGs: Glycosaminoglycans; gDNA: Genomic DNA; GDNF: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin; HSD17B3: 17-beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PGCLCs: Primordial germ-cell-like cells; RA: Retinoic acid; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; SSCs: Spermatogonial stem cells; TRIM-36: Tripartite Motif Containing 36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Frias Batista
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centre de Recherche En Reproduction Et Fertilité, Université de Montréal), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Rafaela Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Silva Araujo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dara Rubia Souza Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Jesus Moraes
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Mansano Garcia
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction (Reproduction), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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p57 Suppresses the Pluripotency and Proliferation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Positively Regulating p53 Activation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:4968649. [PMID: 34976070 PMCID: PMC8720024 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4968649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells that have indefinite self-renewal capacities under appropriate culture conditions in vitro. The pluripotency maintenance and proliferation of these cells are delicately governed by the concert effect of a complex transcriptional regulatory network. Herein, we discovered that p57Kip2 (p57), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor canonically inhibiting cell proliferation, played a role in suppressing the pluripotency state of mouse ESCs (mESCs). p57 knockdown significantly stimulated the expressions of core pluripotency factors NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, while p57 overexpression inhibited the expressions of these factors in mESCs. In addition, consistent with its function in somatic cells, p57 suppressed mESC proliferation. Further analysis showed that p57 could interact with and contribute to the activation of p53 in mESCs. In conclusion, the present study showed that p57 could antagonize the pluripotency state and the proliferation process of mESCs. This finding uncovers a novel function of p57 and provides new evidence for elucidating the complex regulatory of network of mESC fate.
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12
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Liu W, Li N, Zhang M, Arisha AH, Hua J. The role of Eif2s3y in mouse spermatogenesis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:750-755. [PMID: 34727865 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211102091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3 and structural gene Y-linked (Eif2s3y) gene, the gene encoding eIF2γ protein, is located on the mouse Y chromosome short arm. The Eif2s3y gene is globally expressed in all tissues and plays an important role in regulating global and gene-specific mRNA translation initiation. During the process of protein translation initiation, Eif2s3x(its homolog) and Eif2s3y encoded eIF2γ perform similar functions. However, it has been noticed that Eif2s3y plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis, including spermatogonia mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis of spermatids, which may account for infertility. In the period of spermatogenesis, the role of Eif2s3x and Eif2s3y are not equivalent. Importance of Eif2s3y has been observed in ESC and implicated in several aspects, including the pluripotency state and the proliferation rate. Here, we discuss the functional significance of Eif2s3y in mouse spermatogenesis and self-renewal of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 . China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 . China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 . China
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig El_Sharkia 44519 . Egypt
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 . China
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13
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Lei Q, Lai X, Eliveld J, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van Pelt AMM, Hamer G. In Vitro Meiosis of Male Germline Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 15:1140-1153. [PMID: 33176123 PMCID: PMC7664054 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro spermatogenesis has been achieved by culturing mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) together with a cell suspension of male juvenile gonad. However, for human fertility treatment or preservation, patient-specific ESCs or juvenile gonad is not available. We therefore aim to achieve in vitro spermatogenesis using male germline stem cells (GSCs) without the use of juvenile gonad. GSCs, when cultured on immortalized Sertoli cells, were able to enter meiosis, reach the meiotic metaphase stages, and sporadically form spermatid-like cells. However, the in vitro-formed pachytene-like spermatocytes did not display full chromosome synapsis and did not form meiotic crossovers. Despite this, the meiotic checkpoints that usually eliminate such cells to prevent genomic instabilities from being transmitted to the offspring were not activated, allowing the cells to proceed to the meiotic metaphase stages. In vitro-generated spermatid-like cells should thus be thoroughly investigated before being considered for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Lai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jitske Eliveld
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Hamer
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Zhu Z, Wu X, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu S, Shen Q, Zhou Z, Pan Q, Yue W, Qin D, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhang R, Peng S, Li N, Zhang S, Lei A, Miao YL, Liu Z, Chen X, Wang H, Liao M, Hua J. Histone demethylase complexes KDM3A and KDM3B cooperate with OCT4/SOX2 to define a pluripotency gene regulatory network. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21664. [PMID: 34042215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pluripotency gene regulatory network of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs), especially in epigenetics, remains elusive. To determine the biological function of epigenetics, we cultured piPSCs in different culture conditions. We found that activation of pluripotent gene- and pluripotency-related pathways requires the erasure of H3K9 methylation modification which was further influenced by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) served feeder. By dissecting the dynamic change of H3K9 methylation during loss of pluripotency, we demonstrated that the H3K9 demethylases KDM3A and KDM3B regulated global H3K9me2/me3 level and that their co-depletion led to the collapse of the pluripotency gene regulatory network. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) provided evidence that KDM3A and KDM3B formed a complex to perform H3K9 demethylation. The genome-wide regulation analysis revealed that OCT4 (O) and SOX2 (S), the core pluripotency transcriptional activators, maintained the pluripotent state of piPSCs depending on the H3K9 hypomethylation. Further investigation revealed that O/S cooperating with histone demethylase complex containing KDM3A and KDM3B promoted pluripotency genes expression to maintain the pluripotent state of piPSCs. Together, these data offer a unique insight into the epigenetic pluripotency network of piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, North-East Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Huayan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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15
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Eif2s3y Promotes the Proliferation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells by Activating ERK Signaling. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6668658. [PMID: 33603791 PMCID: PMC7869416 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The future fertility of males with cancer may be irreversibly compromised by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation is believed to be a way to restore fertility in men. However, the survival efficiency of transplanted cells is still low. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3 and structural gene Y-linked (Eif2s3y) located on the Y chromosome of male animals is a coding gene of eIF2γ which mainly functions in translation initiation. Recently, the emerging role of Eif2s3y in spermatogenesis has been emphasized in several studies. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In addition, how Eif2s3y functions in large animals remains largely unknown. In this study, we obtained the CDS sequence of the Eif2s3y gene from the testis of dairy goats and found that this gene was highly expressed in the testis and was evolutionarily conserved among different species. Interestingly, overexpression of Eif2s3y promoted the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells of dairy goats by activating the ERK signaling pathway. In animal experiments, overexpressing Eif2s3y promoted transplanted goat spermatogonial stem cells and produced more colonies after microinjection into the seminiferous tubules of infertile mice. In conclusion, our study highlights an undiscovered role of Eif2s3y in dairy goat reproduction. This finding may provide an important basis for future works regarding male spermatogenic cell restoration and represent a major advance toward surrogate sires becoming a tool for disseminating and regenerating germplasm in all mammals.
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16
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Li L, Yang R, Yin C, Kee K. Studying human reproductive biology through single-cell analysis and in vitro differentiation of stem cells into germ cell-like cells. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:670-688. [PMID: 32464645 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human reproductive development has been limited by the scarcity of human samples and ethical constraints. Recently, in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into germ cells and single-cell analyses have opened new avenues to directly study human germ cells and identify unique mechanisms in human reproductive development. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The goal of this review is to collate novel findings and insightful discoveries with these new methodologies, aiming at introducing researchers and clinicians to the use of these tools to study human reproductive biology and develop treatments for infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search articles and reviews with the following main keywords: in vitro differentiation, human stem cells, single-cell analysis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, germ cells and other key terms related to these subjects. The search period included all publications from 2000 until now. OUTCOMES Single-cell analyses of human gonads have identified many important gene markers at different developmental stages and in subpopulations of cells. To validate the functional roles of these gene markers, researchers have used the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent cells into germ cells and confirmed that some genetic requirements are unique in human germ cells and are not conserved in mouse models. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory networks and the interaction of germ and somatic cells in gonads were elucidated in these studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Single-cell analyses allow researchers to identify gene markers and potential regulatory networks using limited clinical samples. On the other hand, in vitro differentiation methods provide clinical researchers with tools to examine these newly identify gene markers and study the causative effects of mutations previously associated with infertility. Combining these two methodologies, researchers can identify gene markers and networks which are essential and unique in human reproductive development, thereby producing more accurate diagnostic tools for assessing reproductive disorders and developing treatments for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Risako Yang
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Zhu Z, Pan Q, Zhao W, Wu X, Yu S, Shen Q, Zhang J, Yue W, Peng S, Li N, Zhang S, Lei A, Hua J. BCL2 enhances survival of porcine pluripotent stem cells through promoting FGFR2. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12932. [PMID: 33107129 PMCID: PMC7791183 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) is still a critical topic. However, all pPSCs were failed to contribute to efficient chimeric pig and were extremely sensitive to changes of culture conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of BCL2 in pPSCs and further explain the mechanism. Materials and Methods Porcine BCL2 gene was cloned and overexpressed in porcine induce pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). Digital RNA‐seq was performed to explain the mechanism of anti‐apoptosis. Finally, the cells carrying BCL2 were injected into mouse early embryo to evaluate its chimeric ability. Results Here, we found that overexpression of porcine BCL2 gene significantly improved the survivability of piPSCs and the efficiency of embryonic chimerism, and did not wreck the pluripotency of piPSCs. Furthermore, the Digital RNA‐seq analysis revealed that BCL2, as a downstream gene of the PI3K signal pathway, enhanced the expression of PI3K signal pathway receptors, such as FGFR2, and further promoted oxidoreductases activity and lipid metabolism, thus maintaining the survival and pluripotency of piPSCs. Conclusion Our data not only suggested that porcine BCL2 gene could enhance the survivability and chimeric ability of pPSCs, but also explained the positive feedback mechanism in this process, providing strong support for the chimeric experiment of pPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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18
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Yang D, Wei Y, Lu Q, Qin D, Zhang M, Du X, Xu W, Yu X, He C, Li N, Peng S, Li G, Hua J. Melatonin alleviates LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in spermatogonial stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3536-3551. [PMID: 32996162 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orchitis is one of the leading causes of male animal infertility and is associated with inflammatory reactions caused by the bacterium. It has been reported that there is a mutual coupling effect between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammatory response. Our studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could cause testicular damages, apoptosis, ERS, and inflammatory responses in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs); ERS-related apoptosis proteins were activated and the expression of ERS genes was significantly upregulated; meanwhile, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and inflammation factors was apparently increased with LPS treatment. Moreover, melatonin (MEL) could rescue testicular damage, and significantly inhibited the expression of ERS-related apoptosis genes, ERS markers, and inflammatory factors in SSCs and MEL played repairing and anti-infection roles in LPS-induced testicular damage. Therefore, MEL may be used as a drug to prevent and control bacterial infections in male reproductive systems. However, the specific molecular mechanism of MEL to resist ERS and inflammatory response remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudong Wei
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Du
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuwei Yu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen He
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Du X, Wu S, Wei Y, Yu X, Ma F, Zhai Y, Yang D, Zhang M, Liu W, Zhu H, Wu J, Liao M, Li N, Bai C, Li G, Hua J. PAX7 promotes CD49f-positive dairy goat spermatogonial stem cells' self-renewal. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1481-1493. [PMID: 32692417 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that originates from and depends on the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The number of SSCs is rare, which makes the separation and enrichment of SSCs difficult and inefficient. The transcription factor PAX7 maintains fertility in normal spermatogenesis in mice. However, for large animals, much less is known about the SSCs' self-renewal regulation, especially in dairy goats. We isolated and enriched the CD49f-positive and negative dairy goat testicular cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting strategies. The RNA- sequencing and experimental data revealed that cells with a high CD49f and PAX7 expression are undifferentiated spermatogonia in goat testis. Our findings indicated that ZBTB16 (PLZF), PAX7, LIN28A, BMPR1B, FGFR1, and FOXO1 were expressed higher in CD49f-positive cells as compared to negative cells and goat fibroblasts cells. The expression and distribution of PAX7 in dairy goat also have been detected, which gradually decreased in testis tissue along with the increasing age. When the PAX7 gene was overexpressed in dairy goat immortal mGSCs-I-SB germ cell lines, the expression of PLZF, GFRα1, ID4, and OCT4 was upregulated. Together, our data demonstrated that there is a subset of spermatogonial stem cells with a high expression of PAX7 among the CD49f+ spermatogonia, and PAX7 can maintain the self-renewal of CD49f-positive SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuwei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Liu W, Li N, Zhang M, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang S, Peng S, Hua J. Eif2s3y regulates the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells via Wnt6/<beta>-catenin signaling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118790. [PMID: 32621839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3 and structural gene Y-linked (Eif2s3y) gene, the gene encoding eIF2γ protein, is globally expressed in all tissues and plays important roles in regulating global and gene-specific mRNA translation initiation. It has been noticed that Eif2s3y plays crucial roles in spermatogenesis, however, the mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, transgenic Eif2s3y mice were generated to test our hypothesis that the Eif2s3y promotes the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Transgenic Eif2s3y mouse had enhanced SSCs proliferation rate when compared to WT mouse. Interesting, the testes from transgenic Eif2s3y mouse had increased Active-β-catenin protein expression and higher expression pattern of Wnt ligand Wnt6 when compared to testes from WT mouse. This study revealed novel roles of Eif2s3y in the activation Wnt6/β-catenin signal pathway in SSCs. Taken together, we identified Eif2s3y-Wnt6-β-catenin as a critical pathway in the regulation of spermatogenesis, which provides a platform for investigating the molecular mechanisms of male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Zhu H, Zheng L, Wang L, Tang F, Arisha AH, Zhou H, Hua J. p53 inhibits the proliferation of male germline stem cells from dairy goat cultured on poly-L-lysine. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:405-417. [PMID: 31985843 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Male germline stem cells (mGSCs) can transmit genetic materials to the next generation and dedifferentiate into pluripotent stem cells. However, in livestock, mGSC lines are difficult to establish, because of the factors that affect their isolation and culture. The extracellular matrix serves as a substrate for attachment and affects the fate of these stem cells. Poly-L-lysine (PL), an extracellular matrix of choice, inhibits and/or kills cancer cells, and promotes the attachment of stem cells in culture. However, how it affects the characteristics and potentials of these stem cells in culture needs to be elucidated. Here, we isolated, enriched and cultured dairy goat mGSCs on five types of extracellular matrices. To explore the best extracellular matrix to use for culturing them, the characteristics and proliferation ability of the cells were determined. Results showed that the cells shared several characteristics with previously reported mGSCs, including the poor effect of PL on their proliferative and colony-forming abilities. Further examination showed upregulation of p53 expression in these cells, which could be inhibiting their proliferation. When a p53 inhibitor was included in the culture medium, it was confirmed to be responsible for the inhibition of proliferation in mGSCs. Optimal concentration of the inhibitor in the culture of these cells was 5 µM. Furthermore, addition of the p53 inhibitor increased the expression of the markers of self-renewal and cell cycle in goat mGSCs. In summary, suppressing p53 is beneficial for the proliferation of dairy goat mGSCs, cultured on PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goat, Research Center of Life Science in Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Furong Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hongchao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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22
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Shen Q, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhu Z, Pan Q, Lv S, Niu H, Li N, Peng S, Liao M, Wang H, Lei A, Miao Y, Liu Z, Hua J. Characterization of porcine extraembryonic endoderm cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12591. [PMID: 30896067 PMCID: PMC6536407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, many efforts have been made to establish porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells without success. Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells can self-renew and differentiate into the visceral endoderm and parietal endoderm. XEN cells are derived from the primitive endoderm of the inner cell mass of blastocysts and may be an intermediate state in cell reprogramming. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine XEN cells (pXENCs) were generated from porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) and were characterized by RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence analyses. The developmental potential of pXENCs was investigated in chimeric mouse embryos. RESULTS Porcine XEN cells derived from porcine pPSCs were successfully expanded in N2B27 medium supplemented with bFGF for least 30 passages. RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence analyses showed that pXENCs expressed the murine and canine XEN markers Gata6, Gata4, Sox17 and Pdgfra but not the pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2 and TE marker Cdx2. Moreover, these cells contributed to the XEN when injected into four-cell stage mouse embryos. Supplementation with Chir99021 and SB431542 promoted the pluripotency of the pXENCs. CONCLUSIONS We successfully derived pXENCs and showed that supplementation with Chir99021 and SB431542 confer them with pluripotency. Our results provide a new resource for investigating the reprogramming mechanism of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao‐Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhen‐Shuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hui‐Min Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ming‐zhi Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hua‐Yan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - An‐Min Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yi‐Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life ScienceNorth‐East Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jin‐Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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Establishment of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-in System for Porcine Cells with High Efficiency. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:26-36. [PMID: 30859452 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the birth of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, the new genome engineering technology has become a hot topic in the scientific community. However, for swine, the system of pig cells' homology directed repair (HDR) is generally unstable and costly. Here, we aim to make knock-in of porcine cells more realizable. The Rosa26 locus was chosen for gene editing. Through the optimization of strategy, an efficient sgRNA was selected by TIDE analysis. Correspondingly, a vector system was constructed for gene insertion in pRosa26 locus by homologous recombination. A large percentage of cells whose gene is edited easily result in apoptosis. To improve the positive rate, culturing systems have been optimized. Sequence alignment and nuclear transfer confirmed that we got two knock-in cell lines and transgene primary porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) successfully. Results showed that the gene editing platform we used can obtain genetically modified pig cells stably and efficiently. This system can contribute to pig gene research and production of transgenic pigs.
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