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Dawson ZD, Sundaramoorthi H, Regmi S, Zhang B, Morrison S, Fielder SM, Zhang JR, Hoang H, Perlmutter DH, Luke CJ, Silverman GA, Pak SC. A fluorescent reporter for rapid assessment of autophagic flux reveals unique autophagy signatures during C. elegans post-embryonic development and identifies compounds that modulate autophagy. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:2371736. [PMID: 39070663 PMCID: PMC11271720 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2371736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is important for many physiological processes; and disordered autophagy can contribute to the pathogenesis of a broad range of systemic disorders. C. elegans is a useful model organism for studying the genetics of autophagy, however, current methods for studying autophagy are labor-intensive and not readily amenable to high-throughput procedures. Here we describe a fluorescent reporter, GFP::LGG-1::mKate2, which is useful for monitoring autophagic flux in live animals. In the intestine, the fusion protein is processed by endogenous ATG-4 to generate GFP::LGG-1 and mKate2 proteins. We provide data indicating that the GFP:mKate ratio is a suitable readout for measuring cellular autophagic flux. Using this reporter, we measured autophagic flux in L1 larvae to day 7 adult animals. We show that basal autophagic flux is relatively low during larval development but increases markedly in reproductive adults before decreasing with age. Furthermore, we show that wild-type, eat-2, and daf-2 mutant animals have distinct autophagic flux profiles through post-embryonic development. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this reporter by performing a high-content small molecule screen to identify compounds that alter autophagic flux in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sundaramoorthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suk Regmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara M. Fielder
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessie R. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hieu Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David H. Perlmutter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cliff J. Luke
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Piras F, Sogos V, Pollastro F, Rosa A. Protective Effect of Arzanol against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage in Differentiated and Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7386. [PMID: 39000492 PMCID: PMC11242736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage neuronal cells, greatly contributing to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this study, the protective activity of arzanol, a natural prenylated α-pyrone-phloroglucinol heterodimer, was evaluated against the H2O2-induced oxidative damage in trans-retinoic acid-differentiated (neuron-like) human SH-SY5Y cells, widely used as a neuronal cell model of neurological disorders. The pre-incubation (for 2 and 24 h) with arzanol (5, 10, and 25 μM) significantly preserved differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and morphological changes induced by 0.25 and 0.5 mM H2O2. Arzanol reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 2 h oxidation with H2O2 0.5 mM, established by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. The 2 h incubation of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with H2O2 determined a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells versus control cells, evaluated by propidium iodide fluorescence assay (red fluorescence) and NucView® 488 assay (green fluorescence). Arzanol pre-treatment (2 h) exerted a noteworthy significant protective effect against apoptosis. In addition, arzanol was tested, for comparison, in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells for cytotoxicity and its ability to protect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the PubChem database and freely accessible web tools SwissADME and pkCSM-pharmacokinetics were used to assess the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of arzanol. Our results qualify arzanol as an antioxidant agent with potential neuroprotective effects against neuronal oxidative stress implicated in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
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3
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Neuwahl J, Neumann CA, Fitz AC, Biermann AD, Magel M, Friedrich A, Sellin L, Stork B, Piekorz RP, Proksch P, Budach W, Jänicke RU, Sohn D. Combined inhibition of class 1-PI3K-alpha and delta isoforms causes senolysis by inducing p21 WAF1/CIP1 proteasomal degradation in senescent cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:373. [PMID: 38811535 PMCID: PMC11136996 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The targeted elimination of radio- or chemotherapy-induced senescent cells by so-called senolytic substances represents a promising approach to reduce tumor relapse as well as therapeutic side effects such as fibrosis. We screened an in-house library of 178 substances derived from marine sponges, endophytic fungi, and higher plants, and determined their senolytic activities towards DNA damage-induced senescent HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. The Pan-PI3K-inhibitor wortmannin and its clinical derivative, PX-866, were identified to act as senolytics. PX-866 potently induced apoptotic cell death in senescent HCT116, MCF-7 mammary carcinoma, and A549 lung carcinoma cells, independently of whether senescence was induced by ionizing radiation or by chemotherapeutics, but not in proliferating cells. Other Pan-PI3K inhibitors, such as the FDA-approved drug BAY80-6946 (Copanlisib, Aliqopa®), also efficiently and specifically eliminated senescent cells. Interestingly, only the simultaneous inhibition of both PI3K class I alpha (with BYL-719 (Alpelisib, Piqray®)) and delta (with CAL-101 (Idelalisib, Zydelig®)) isoforms was sufficient to induce senolysis, whereas single application of these inhibitors had no effect. On the molecular level, inhibition of PI3Ks resulted in an increased proteasomal degradation of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in all tumor cell lines analyzed. This led to a timely induction of apoptosis in senescent tumor cells. Taken together, the senolytic properties of PI3K-inhibitors reveal a novel dimension of these promising compounds, which holds particular potential when employed alongside DNA damaging agents in combination tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Neuwahl
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chantal A Neumann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika C Fitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anica D Biermann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental Nephrology, Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maja Magel
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorenz Sellin
- Experimental Nephrology, Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Piras F, Sogos V, Pollastro F, Appendino G, Rosa A. Arzanol, a natural phloroglucinol α-pyrone, protects HaCaT keratinocytes against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress, counteracting cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:720-732. [PMID: 38152000 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin oxidative stress results in structural damage, leading to premature senescence, and pathological conditions such as inflammation and cancer. The plant-derived prenylated pyrone-phloroglucinol heterodimer arzanol, isolated from Helichrysum italicum ssp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman aerial parts, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. This study explored the arzanol protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes in terms of its ability to counteract cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Arzanol safety on HaCaT cells was preliminarily examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and microscopic observation. The arzanol pre-incubation (5-100 μM, for 24 h) did not induce cytotoxicity and morphological alterations. The phloroglucinol, at 50 μM, significantly protected keratinocytes against cytotoxicity induced by 2 h-incubation with 2.5 and 5 mM H2O2, decreased cell ROS production induced by 1 h-exposure to all tested H2O2 concentrations (0.5-5 mM), as determined by the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay, and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] method). The 2-h incubation of keratinocytes with H2O2 determined a significant increase of apoptotic cells versus control cells, evaluated by NucView® 488 assay, from the dose of 2.5 mM. Moreover, an evident mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, monitored by fluorescent mitochondrial dye MitoView™ 633, was assessed at 5 mM H2O2. Arzanol pre-treatment (50 μM) exerted a strong significant protective effect against apoptosis, preserving the mitochondrial membrane potential of HaCaT cells at the highest H2O2 concentrations. Our results validate arzanol as an antioxidant agent for the prevention/treatment of skin oxidative-related disorders, qualifying its potential use for cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
- PlantaChem S.r.l.s, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
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Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
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Li YP, Li MX, Wang C, Li YD, Sa YP, Guo Y. Bloodletting Acupuncture at Jing-Well Points on Hand Induced Autophagy to Alleviate Brain Injury in Acute Altitude Hypoxic Rats by Activating PINK1/Parkin Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:932-940. [PMID: 37434031 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of bloodletting acupuncture at twelve Jing-well points on hand (BAJP) on acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH)-induced brain injury in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Seventy-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups by a random number table (n=15), including control, model, BAJP, BAJP+3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bloodletting acupuncture at non-acupoint (BANA, tail tip blooding) groups. After 7-day pre-treatment, AHH models were established using hypobaric oxygen chambers. The levels of S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method were used to assess hippocampal histopathology and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy assay was used to observe mitochondrial damage and autophagosomes in hippocampal tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV activities and ATPase in hippocampal tissue were evaluated, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expressions of Beclin1, autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and Parkin in hippocampal tissues. The mRNA expressions of Beclin1, ATG5 and LC3-II were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS BAJP treatment reduced hippocampal tissue injury and inhibited hippocampal cell apoptosis in AHH rats. BAJP reduced oxidative stress by decreasing S100B, GFAP and MDA levels and increasing SOD level in the serum of AHH rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Then, BAJP increased MMP, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV activities, and the mitochondrial ATPase activity in AHH rats (all P<0.01). BAJP improved mitochondrial swelling and increased the autophagosome number in hippocampal tissue of AHH rats. Moreover, BAJP treatment increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Beclin1 and ATG5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in AHH rats (all P<0.01) and activated the PINK1/Parkin pathway (P<0.01). Finally, 3-MA attenuated the therapeutic effect of BAJP on AHH rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION BAJP was an effective treatment for AHH-induced brain injury, and the mechanism might be through reducing hippocampal tissue injury via increasing the PINK1/Parkin pathway and enhancement of mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Meng-Xin Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yun-di Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Sa
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Shao X, Meng C, Song W, Zhang T, Chen Q. Subcellular visualization: Organelle-specific targeted drug delivery and discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114977. [PMID: 37391014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Organelles perform critical biological functions due to their distinct molecular composition and internal environment. Disorders in organelles or their interacting networks have been linked to the incidence of numerous diseases, and the research of pharmacological actions at the organelle level has sparked pharmacists' interest. Currently, cell imaging has evolved into a critical tool for drug delivery, drug discovery, and pharmacological research. The introduction of advanced imaging techniques in recent years has provided researchers with richer biological information for viewing and studying the ultrastructure of organelles, protein interactions, and gene transcription activities, leading to the design and delivery of precision-targeted drugs. Therefore, this reviews the research on organelles-targeted drugs based upon imaging technologies and development of fluorescent molecules for medicinal purposes. We also give a thorough analysis of a number of subcellular-level elements of drug development, including subcellular research instruments and methods, organelle biological event investigation, subcellular target and drug identification, and design of subcellular delivery systems. This review will make it possible to promote drug research from the individual/cellular level to the subcellular level, as well as give a new focus based on newly found organelle activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Caicai Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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9
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lncRNA SNHG26 promoted the growth, metastasis, and cisplatin resistance of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through PGK1/Akt/mTOR signal pathway. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:355-370. [PMID: 35118193 PMCID: PMC8783117 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is closely linked to head and neck cancers. Here, we sought to explore the role and mechanism of lncRNAs in the occurrence and progression of TSCC and cisplatin resistance. The results of next-generation transcriptomic sequencing revealed that lncRNA-SNHG26 was differentially expressed and was associated with TSCC cisplatin resistance. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and tumor tissue analysis revealed that high SHNG26 expression was associated with the occurrence, progression, and poor prognosis of TSCC. Evidence from cell and animal experiments showed that SNHG26 expression was positively correlated with TSCC proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, in TSCC cells, SNHG26 was found to bind directly to the PGK1 protein, inhibiting its ubiquitination and activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that lncRNA-SNHG26 may be a promising target for inhibiting TSCC progression and improving sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy in TSCC.
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10
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Du H, Tao T, Xu S, Xu C, Li S, Su Q, Yan J, Liu B, Li R. 4-Methoxydalbergione Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Growth via Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Akt/ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:789658. [PMID: 35252345 PMCID: PMC8888913 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.789658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) ranks the fourth in incidence in cancers of men and is a common malignant tumor in women. 4-Methoxydalbergione (4MOD), which is purified from Dalbergia sissoo Roxb, has been shown to have anticancer capacity for osteosarcoma and astroglioma. The role of 4MOD in bladder cancer has not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer effect of 4MOD in BC cells and its possible mechanisms. The two human bladder cancer cell lines J82 and UMUC3 were used to evaluate the proliferation inhibitory effect of 4MOD by CCK8 and clonogenic assays. The migratory and invasive ability of tumor cells was examined by scratch test and transwell assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. The autophagy-related molecules including Beclin-1 and LC3 were examined by Western blotting analysis. Furthermore, the RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of LC3. 4MOD repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of J82 and UMUC3 were 8.17 and 14.50 μM respectively. The mRNA and protein expression ratio of light chain 3-II (LC3-II)/LC3-I and the protein expression of Beclin-1 were increased when the BC cells were treated with 4MOD. The treatment of 4MOD attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the BC cells. We revealed that the 4MOD inhibits BC cells growth by inducing autophagy and inhibiting Akt/ERK signaling pathway. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism by which 4MOD weakens the proliferation of BC cells. This study demonstrates that 4MOD provided a lead compound for the development of novel compound with potent anticancer effect on BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Scientific Research Institute, Yueyang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Changqiong Xu
- Scientific Research Institute, Yueyang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Scientific Research Institute, Yueyang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Qiongli Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Scientific Research Institute, Yueyang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Ran Li,
| | - Ran Li
- Scientific Research Institute, Yueyang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Yueyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Ran Li,
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