1
|
Ling S, Xu JW. Phenotypes and functions of "aged" neutrophils in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117324. [PMID: 39216451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells of innate immunity and undergo several phenotypic changes after release from the bone marrow. Neutrophils with a late life cycle phenotype are often referred to as "aged" neutrophils. These neutrophils undergo functional changes that accompany stimuli of inflammation, tissue senescence and injury, inducing their maturation and senescence in the circulation and locally in damaged tissues, forming a unique late-life neutrophil phenotype. "Aged" neutrophils, although attenuated in antibacterial capacity, are more active in aging and age-related diseases, exhibit high levels of mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial DNA leakage, promote senescence of neighboring cells, and exacerbate cardiac and vascular tissue damage, including vascular inflammation, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis. In this review, we outline the phenotypic changes of "aged" neutrophils characterized by CXCR4high/CD62Llow, investigate the mechanisms driving neutrophil aging and functional transformation, and analyze the damage caused by "aged" neutrophils to various types of heart and blood vessels. Tissue injury and senescence promote neutrophil infiltration and induce neutrophil aging both in the circulation and locally in damaged tissues, resulting in an "aged" neutrophil phenotype characterized by CXCR4high/CD62Llow. We also discuss the effects of certain agents, such as neutralizing mitochondrial ROS, scavenging IsoLGs, blocking VDAC oligomers and mPTP channel activity, activating Nrf2 activity, and inhibiting neutrophil PAD4 activity, to inhibit neutrophil NET formation and ameliorate age-associated cardiovascular disease, providing a new perspective for anti-aging therapy in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ling
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jin-Wen Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen G, Wang X, Jin Z, Hu G, Yu Q, Jiang H. HIF-1α knockdown attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke male rats via CXCR4/NF-κB pathway. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70039. [PMID: 39295108 PMCID: PMC11410888 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive indicator of oxygen homeostasis, of which the expression elevates following hypoxia/ischemia. This study reveals the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of HIF-1α on ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS IS model was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-modeled male rats and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated mice hippocampal cells HT22, followed by the silencing of HIF-1α and the overexpression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Following the surgery, Garcia's grading scale was applied for neurological evaluation. Cerebral infarcts and injuries were visualized using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, were calculated via ELISA. MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit were adopted to determine the viability and cytotoxicity of OGD/R-modeled cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evaluated using a 2'-7'dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe. The levels of HIF-1α, CXCR4, and NF-κB p65 were quantified via Western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS HIF-1α knockdown improved Garcia's score, attenuated the cerebral infarct, inflammation, and ROS generation, and alleviated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and CXCR4/NF-κB p65 in MCAO-modeled rats. Such effects were reversed following the overexpression of CXCR4 and NF-κB. Also, in OGD/R-treated HT22 cells, HIF-1α silencing diminished the cytotoxicity and ROS production and reduced the expressions of CXCR4/NF-κB p65, while promoting viability. However, CXCR4/NF-κB p65 overexpression did the opposite. CONCLUSION HIF-1α knockdown alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in IS through the CXCR4/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao Chen
- School of MedicineQuzhou College of TechnologyQuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of UrologyThe Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's HospitalQuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhan Jin
- School of MedicineQuzhou College of TechnologyQuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Gao‐Bo Hu
- School of MedicineQuzhou College of TechnologyQuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qi‐Hui Yu
- School of MedicineQuzhou College of TechnologyQuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hai‐Yan Jiang
- Department of GynecologyQuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalQuzhouZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Medvedev RY, Afolabi SO, Turner DGP, Glukhov AV. Mechanisms of stretch-induced electro-anatomical remodeling and atrial arrhythmogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:11-24. [PMID: 38797242 PMCID: PMC11260238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder, often occurring in the setting of atrial distension and elevated myocardialstretch. While various mechano-electrochemical signal transduction pathways have been linked to AF development and progression, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, hampering AF therapies. In this review, we describe different aspects of stretch-induced electro-anatomical remodeling as seen in animal models and in patients with AF. Specifically, we focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for mechano-electrochemical signal transduction and the development of ectopic beats triggering AF from pulmonary veins, the most common source of paroxysmal AF. Furthermore, we describe structural changes caused by stretch occurring before and shortly after the onset of AF as well as during AF progression, contributing to longstanding forms of AF. We also propose mechanical stretch as a new dimension to the concept "AF begets AF", in addition to underlying diseases. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of these electro-anatomical alterations in a search for potential therapeutic strategies and the development of novel antiarrhythmic drugs targeted at the components of mechano-electrochemical signal transduction not only in cardiac myocytes, but also in cardiac non-myocyte cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Y Medvedev
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Daniel G P Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nosik MN, Krylova NV, Usoltseva RV, Surits VV, Kireev DE, Shchelkanov MY, Svitich OA, Ermakova SP. In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Fucoidans from Brown Algae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:355. [PMID: 39195471 DOI: 10.3390/md22080355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the developing resistance and intolerance to antiretroviral drugs, there is an urgent demand for alternative agents that can suppress the viral load in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, there has been increased interest in agents of marine origin such as, in particular, fucoidans to suppress HIV replication. In the present study, the anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidans from the brown algae Alaria marginata, Alaria ochotensis, Laminaria longipes, Saccharina cichorioides, Saccharina gurianovae, and Tauya basicrassa was studied in vitro. The studied compounds were found to be able to inhibit HIV-1 replication at different stages of the virus life cycle. Herewith, all fucoidans exhibited significant antiviral activity by affecting the early stages of the virus-cell interaction. The fucoidan from Saccharina cichorioides showed the highest virus-inhibitory activity by blocking the virus' attachment to and entry into the host's cell, with a selectivity index (SI) > 160.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valerii V Surits
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Kireev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oxana A Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin C, Zhong Z, Gao L, Wu X, Zhou C, Zhou G, Liu S. Focus on the Role of Inflammation as a Bridge between Ferroptosis and Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review and Novel Perspective. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:110. [PMID: 39076556 PMCID: PMC11264012 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2504110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we examine the intricate interplay between inflammation, ferroptosis, and atrial fibrillation (AF), highlighting their significant roles in AF pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Augmented inflammatory responses are pivotal to AF, potentially leading to atrial remodeling and reentry phenomena by impacting calcium channels and atrial tissue fibrosis. A strong correlation exists between inflammatory cytokines and AF, underscoring the importance of inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NOD-like receptor thermal protien domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF- κ B) signaling, and Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) signaling in AF development. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic regulated mode of cell death, has been widely studied in relation to cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and reperfusion injury. The interaction between ferroptosis and inflammation is complex and mutually influential. While significant progress has been made in understanding the inflammation-AF relationship, the role of inflammation as a conduit linking ferroptosis and AF remains underexplored. The specific pathogenesis and key molecules of atrial fibrosis caused by ferroptosis are still not fully understood. Here we review the role of inflammatory signaling in ferroptosis and AF. We elucidated the association between ferroptosis and AF, aiming to unveil mechanisms for targeted inhibition of atrial cell fibrosis and to propose novel therapeutic strategies for AF. This exploration is vital for advancing our knowledge and developing more effective interventions for AF, a condition deeply intertwined with inflammatory processes and ferroptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Zikan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Longzhe Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Changzuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Genqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, 201620 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ashok D, Liu T, Criscione J, Prakash M, Kim B, Chow J, Craney M, Papanicolaou KN, Sidor A, Brian Foster D, Pekosz A, Villano J, Kim DH, O'Rourke B. Innate Immune Activation and Mitochondrial ROS Invoke Persistent Cardiac Conduction System Dysfunction after COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574280. [PMID: 38260287 PMCID: PMC10802485 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiac risk rises during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and in long COVID syndrome in humans, but the mechanisms behind COVID-19-linked arrhythmias are unknown. This study explores the acute and long term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the cardiac conduction system (CCS) in a hamster model of COVID-19. Methods Radiotelemetry in conscious animals was used to non-invasively record electrocardiograms and subpleural pressures after intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiac cytokines, interferon-stimulated gene expression, and macrophage infiltration of the CCS, were assessed at 4 days and 4 weeks post-infection. A double-stranded RNA mimetic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC), was used in vivo and in vitro to activate viral pattern recognition receptors in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results COVID-19 induced pronounced tachypnea and severe cardiac conduction system (CCS) dysfunction, spanning from bradycardia to persistent atrioventricular block, although no viral protein expression was detected in the heart. Arrhythmias developed rapidly, partially reversed, and then redeveloped after the pulmonary infection was resolved, indicating persistent CCS injury. Increased cardiac cytokines, interferon-stimulated gene expression, and macrophage remodeling in the CCS accompanied the electrophysiological abnormalities. Interestingly, the arrhythmia phenotype was reproduced by cardiac injection of PIC in the absence of virus, indicating that innate immune activation was sufficient to drive the response. PIC also strongly induced cytokine secretion and robust interferon signaling in hearts, human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and engineered heart tissues, accompanied by alterations in electrical and Ca 2+ handling properties. Importantly, the pulmonary and cardiac effects of COVID-19 were blunted by in vivo inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling or by a mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant. Conclusions The findings indicate that long term dysfunction and immune cell remodeling of the CCS is induced by COVID-19, arising indirectly from oxidative stress and excessive activation of cardiac innate immune responses during infection, with implications for long COVID Syndrome.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Peng J, Lu Y, Zhou M, Liang J, Le C, Ding J, Wang J, Dai J, Wan C, Wang J, Luo P, Xia B. Blockade of CXCR4 promotes macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to alleviate coronary heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2023; 392:131303. [PMID: 37652272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is important in regulating inflammation and cholesterol efflux, suggesting that targeting autophagy may slow down atherosclerosis (AS). Since the pathological basis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis, it is crucial to investigate the role of autophagy in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of the chemokine CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in promoting macrophage autophagy through the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway to alleviate coronary artery disease. METHODS The human left coronary artery and myocardium were collected to detect CXCR4, MAP1LC3(LC3) and SQSTM1(p62) expression. ApoE-/- mice were used to establish an atherosclerosis mice model, while human monocytes (THP-1) were used to establish a foam cell model and co-cultured with foam cells using siRNACXCR4. Western blotting was conducted to quantify CXCR4, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway protein, LC3, Beclin1 and p62 protein levels. The left coronary artery from humans and mouse aorta and myocardium were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), macrophages with Oil Red O staining and foam cells were assessed by Movat's staining. CXCR4 levels, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway protein, LC3 and p62 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence assays. Detection of autophagosomes in macrophages using transmission electron microscopy. We further assessed whether the effect of CXCR4-mediated macrophage autophagy on the formation of atherosclerosis and structural changes in the myocardium was mediated via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. RESULTS CXCR4 and p62 proteins were upregulated in human coronary lesions, mouse aorta, myocardial tissue, and foam cells, while LC3II/LC3I was downregulated. p85 (P-PI3K), Ser473 (P-AKT), and Ser2448 (P-mTOR) phosphorylated proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were detected in AS and foam cell models. Upregulated CXCR4 inhibited autophagy of macrophages and increased the severity of atherosclerotic lesions. After specific knockdown of CXCR4 by adeno-associated virus (AAV9-CXCR4-RNAi) and siRNACXCR4, the above indicators were reversed, macrophage autophagy was promoted, the severity of atherosclerotic lesions was reduced, and the disorganized arrangement of myocardial architecture was improved. CONCLUSION Knockdown of CXCR4 reduces the extent of coronary artery disease by promoting macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to attenuate atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangqin Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Peng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanlin Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Cuiyun Le
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jialin Dai
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Changwu Wan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bing Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu K, Zhu J, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Lin Q, Tu T, Liu Q. Exploring immune related gene signatures and mechanisms linking non alcoholic fatty liver disease to atrial fibrillation through transcriptome data analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17548. [PMID: 37845390 PMCID: PMC10579333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and related cardiovascular complications pose a heavy burden to patients and society. Mounting evidence suggests a close association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and AF. NAFLD and AF transcriptomic datasets were obtained from GEO database and analyzed using several bioinformatics approaches. We established a NAFLD-AF associated gene diagnostic signature (NAGDS) using protein-protein interaction analysis and machine learning, which was further quantified through RT-qPCR. Potential miRNA targeting NAGDS were predicted. Gene modules highly correlated with NAFLD liver pathology or AF occurrence were identified by WGCNA. Enrichment analysis of the overlapped genes from key module revealed that T-cell activation plays essential roles in NAFLD and AF, which was further confirmed by immune infiltration. Furthermore, an integrated SVM-RFE and LASSO algorithm was used to identify CCL4, CD48, ITGB2, and RNASE6 as NAGDS, all of which were found to be upregulated in NAFLD and AF mouse tissues. Patients with higher NAGDS showed augmented T cell and macrophage immunity, more advanced liver pathological characteristics, and prolonged AF duration. Additionally, hsa-miR-26a-5p played a central role in the regulation of NAGDS. Our findings highlight the central role of T-cell immune response in linking NAFLD to AF, and established an accurate NAGDS diagnostic model, which could serve as potential targets for immunoregulatory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuzhen Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi S, Mao X, Lv J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shou X, Zhang B, Li Y, Wu H, Song Q, Hu Y. Qi-Po-Sheng-Mai granule ameliorates Ach-CaCl 2 -induced atrial fibrillation by regulating calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155017. [PMID: 37597360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical settings. Currently, the pathophysiology of AF remains unclear, which severely limits the effectiveness and safety of medical therapies. The Chinese herbal formula Qi-Po-Sheng-Mai Granule (QPSM) has been widely used in China to treat AF. However, its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of QPSM for AF. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The AF model was induced by Ach (66 μg/ml) and CaCl2 (10 mg/kg), and the dose of 0.1 ml/100 g was injected into the tail vein for 5 weeks. QPSM was administered daily at doses of 4.42 and 8.84 g/kg, and amiodarone (0.18 g/kg) was used as the positive control. The effect of QPSM on AF was assessed by electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and histopathological analysis. Then, we employed network pharmacology with single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of QPSM for AF. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for component analysis of QPSM, and molecular docking was used to verify the potential targets. Using the IonOptix single cell contraction and ion synchronization test equipment, single myocyte length and calcium ion variations were observed in real time. The expression levels of calcium Transporter-related proteins were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Based on an Ach-CaCl2-induced AF model, we found that QPSM treatment significantly reduced atrial electrical remodeling-related markers, such as AF inducibility and duration, and attenuated atrial dilation and fibrosis. Network pharmacology identified 52 active ingredients and 119 potential targets for QPSM in the treatment of AF, and 45 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched, among which calcium pathway had the greatest impact. Using single nucleus sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identified cardiomyocytes as the most differentially expressed in response to drug treatment, with nine differentially expressed genes enriched in calcium signaling pathways. High performance liquid chromatography and molecular docking confirmed that the core components of QPSM strongly bind to the key factors in the calcium signaling pathway. Additional experiments have shown that QPSM increases calcium transients (CaT) and contractility in the individual cardiomyocyte. This was accomplished by increasing the expression of CACNA1C and SERCA2a and decreasing the expression of CAMK2B and NCX1. CONCLUSION The present study has systematically elucidated the role of QPSM in maintaining calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes through the regulation of calcium transporters, which could lead to new drug development ideas for AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xinxin Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Shou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen J, Bai Y, Xue K, Li Z, Zhu Z, Li Q, Yu C, Li B, Shen S, Qiao P, Li C, Luo Y, Qiao H, Dang E, Yin W, Gudjonsson JE, Wang G, Shao S. CREB1-driven CXCR4 hi neutrophils promote skin inflammation in mouse models and human patients. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5894. [PMID: 37736772 PMCID: PMC10516899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have a pathogenic function in inflammation via releasing pro-inflammatory mediators or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, their heterogeneity and pro-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4hi neutrophils accumulate in the blood and inflamed skin in human psoriasis, and correlate with disease severity. Compared to CXCR4lo neutrophils, CXCR4hi neutrophils have enhanced NETs formation, phagocytic function, neutrophil degranulation, and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vitro. This is accompanied by a metabolic shift in CXCR4hi neutrophils toward glycolysis and lactate release, thereby promoting vascular permeability and remodeling. CXCR4 expression in neutrophils is dependent on CREB1, a transcription factor activated by TNF and CXCL12, and regulated by de novo synthesis. In vivo, CXCR4hi neutrophil infiltration amplifies skin inflammation, whereas blockade of CXCR4hi neutrophils through CXCR4 or CXCL12 inhibition leads to suppression of immune responses. In this work, our study identifies CREB1 as a critical regulator of CXCR4hi neutrophil development and characterizes the contribution of CXCR4hi neutrophils to vascular remodeling and inflammatory responses in skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shengxian Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie J, Wang J, Wang X, Chen M, Yao B, Dong Y, Li X, Yang Q, Tredget EE, Xu RH, Wu Y. An Engineered Dermal Substitute with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Cutaneous Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:491-505. [PMID: 37212289 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of refractory cutaneous wounds remains to be a clinical challenge. There is growing evidence to show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential in promoting wound healing. However, the therapeutic effects of MSCs are greatly dampened by their poor survival and engraftment in the wounds. To address this limitation, in this study, MSCs were grown into a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (C-GAG) matrix to form a dermis-like tissue sheet, named engineered dermal substitute (EDS). When seeded on C-GAG matrix, MSCs adhered rapidly, migrated into the pores, and proliferated readily. When applied onto excisional wounds in healthy and diabetic mice, the EDS survived well, and accelerated wound closure, compared with C-GAG matrix alone or MSCs in collagen hydrogel. Histological analysis revealed that EDS prolonged the retention of MSCs in the wounds, associated with increased macrophage infiltration and enhanced angiogenesis. RNA-Seq analysis of EDS-treated wounds uncovered the expression of abundant human chemokines and proangiogenic factors and their corresponding murine receptors, suggesting a mechanism of ligand/receptor-mediated signals in wound healing. Thus, our results indicate that EDS prolongs the survival and retention of MSCs in the wounds and enhances wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yankai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi W, Li X, Su Y, Liu D, Wu L, Li S, He W, Zhong G, Jiang Z. PILRA is associated with immune cells infiltration in atrial fibrillation based on bioinformatics and experiment validation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1082015. [PMID: 37396579 PMCID: PMC10311564 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1082015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims inflammation plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, we investigated the significance of immune cell infiltration in AF and identified the potential Hub genes involved in the regulation of immune cell infiltration in AF. Methods we obtained AF datasets from the GEO database and analyzed them for obtaining differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by R software. Then, we performed GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analyses of DEGs. The Hub genes of AF were determined by least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Their validation was verified by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the AF rat model. Finally, we used a single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) to analyze immune cell infiltration and its relationship with hub genes. Results We obtained 298 DGEs from the heatmap and found that DGEs were closely related to inflammation, immunity, and cytokine interactions by enrichment analyses. We obtained 10 co-expression modules by WGCNA. Among them, the module including CLEC4A, COTL1, EVI2B, FCER1G, GAPT, HCST, NCF2, PILRA, TLR8, and TYROBP had the highest correlation with AF. Four Hub genes (PILRA, NCF2, EVI2B, GAPT) were obtained further by LASSO analysis. The results suggested that the expression level of PILRA was significantly elevated in the rats with AF by qPCR, compared to the rats without AF. The results revealed that the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, immature B cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), dendritic cell, and T cells and their partial subpopulations were closely related to AF by ssGSEA analysis, and PILRA was positively correlated with immature B cell, monocyte, macrophage, mast cell, dendritic cell, and T cells and their partial subpopulations by Spearman correlation analysis. Conclusions PILRA was closely related to multiple types of immune cell infiltration, which may be associated with AF. PILRA may be a novel target of intervention for AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Shi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongxing Su
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenxiu He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin X, Fu Y, Fan J, Liu B, Liu P, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Zheng Q. Melatonin increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in obesity via Akt signaling impairment in response to lipid overload. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12851. [PMID: 36639364 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been proven to have antiarrhythmic potential; however, several studies have recently challenged this view. Herein, using a mouse model of obesity-induced atrial fibrillation (AF), we tentatively explored whether exogenous melatonin supplementation could increase AF susceptibility in the context of obesity. We observed that an 8-week drinking administration of melatonin (60 µg/ml in water) induced a greater susceptibility to AF in obese mice, although obesity-induced structural remodeling was alleviated. An investigation of systemic insulin sensitivity showed that melatonin treatment improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice, whereas it inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Notably, melatonin treatment inhibited protein kinase B (Akt) signaling in the atria of obese mice and palmitate-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, thereby providing an AF substrate. Melatonin increased lipid stress in obesity, as evidenced by elevated lipid accumulation and lipolysis-related gene expression, thus contributing to the impairment in atrial Akt signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrated that melatonin could increase AF susceptibility in obesity, probably due to increased lipid stress and resultant impairment of atrial Akt signaling. Our findings suggest that special precautions should be taken when administering melatonin to obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Qin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binghua Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiannan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Daniel T, Balouzet Ravinet C, Clerc J, Batista R, Mouraeff Y. Automated synthesis and quality control of [ 68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor using the Gaia/Luna Elysia-Raytest module for CXCR4 PET imaging. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:4. [PMID: 36749409 PMCID: PMC9905377 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor is a promising radiotracer for positron emission tomography imaging of several human tumors overexpressing the chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4). CXCR4 overexpression has been demonstrated in patients with hematologic malignancies, solid cancers, as well as cardiovascular pathologies of inflammatory origins. However, its radio synthesis is not yet fully developed in France, and existing methods do not use our type of synthesis module. Therefore, we aimed at developing a [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor synthesis with Gaia/Luna Elysia-Raytest module to use it in clinical purpose. RESULTS 12 syntheses were carried out by varying the temperature conditions and radiolabeling times, and led to choose specific labelling conditions with the Gaia/Luna Elysia-Raytest module: 97 °C, 4 min. The mean synthesis time of the 3 validation runs under good manufacturing practice (GMP) was 24 min 27 s (± 8 s), and the mean radiochemical yield was 87.0% [standard deviation (SD) 6.67%]. Different quality control parameters were also evaluated in accordance with European Pharmacopeia: radiochemical and radionuclidic purity, pH, sterility, stability and endotoxins levels. The average radiochemical purity was 99.1% (SD 0.25%) assessed by instant thin layer chromatography and 99.8% (SD 0.092%) assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography. average [68Ge] breakthrough was 1.48 × 10-5%, under the recommended level of 0.001%. We assessed the stability of the radiotracer up to 4 h at room temperature (no augmentation of the [68Ga] chloride in the final product, i.e. radiochemical purity (RCP) > 98.5%). The endotoxins levels were < 5 EU/mL, and the pH was 6.5 (same for the three syntheses). CONCLUSION The [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor synthesis process developed on the Gaia/Luna Elysia-Raytest module has fulfilled all acceptance criteria for injectable radiopharmaceutical products regarding the European Pharmacopeia. The radiochemical purity, stability, efficacy, as well as the microbiological quality of the three GMP batches were found to be good. The robustness of the synthesis process may be suitable for multi-dose application in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Daniel
- Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Clara Balouzet Ravinet
- grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Clerc
- grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Rui Batista
- grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yvan Mouraeff
- grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu D, Chen H, Fu Y, Yao Y, He S, Wang Y, Cao Z, Wang X, Yang M, Zhao Q. KCa3.1 Promotes Proinflammatory Exosome Secretion by Activating AKT/Rab27a in Atrial Myocytes during Rapid Pacing. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:3939360. [PMID: 37035755 PMCID: PMC10079387 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3939360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the medium-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCNN4, KCa3.1) in the secretion of proinflammatory exosomes by atrial myocytes. Methods Eighteen beagles were randomly divided into the sham group (n = 6), pacing group (n = 6), and pacing+TRAM-34 group (n = 6). Electrophysiological data, such as the effective refractory period, atrial fibrillation (AF) induction, and AF duration, were collected by programmed stimulation. Atrial tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of KCa3.1 and Rab27a was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The downstream signaling pathways involved in KCa3.1 were examined by rapid pacing or overexpressing KCNN4 in HL-1 cells. Results Atrial rapid pacing significantly induced electrical remodeling, inflammation, fibrosis, and exosome secretion in the canine atrium, while TRAM-34 (KCa3.1 blocker) inhibited these changes. Compared with those in control HL-1 cells, the levels of exosome markers and inflammatory factors were increased in pacing HL-1 cells. Furthermore, the levels of CD68 and iNOS in macrophages incubated with exosomes derived from HL-1 cells were higher in the pacing-exo group than in the control group. More importantly, KCa3.1 regulated exosome secretion through the AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway. Similarly, inhibiting the downstream signaling pathway of KCa3.1 significantly inhibited exosome secretion. Conclusions KCa3.1 promotes proinflammatory exosome secretion through the AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway. Inhibiting the KCa3.1/AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway reduces myocardial tissue structural remodeling in AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dishiwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuntao Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yajun Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shanqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Youcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng M, Chen C, Yu K, Lv X, Zeng Q, Dong N, Zhu F. Ablation of CXCR4 expression in cardiomyocytes exacerbates isoproterenol‑induced cell death and heart failure. Int J Mol Med 2022; 51:13. [PMID: 36579657 PMCID: PMC9869727 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a seven‑transmembrane‑spanning Gi‑coupled receptor for the SDF‑1 chemokine and plays a critical role in cardiovascular development and post‑injury repair. However, the specific role of CXCR4 in cardiomyocytes is incompletely understood. It was hypothesized that CXCR4 activation in cardiomyocytes antagonizes β‑adrenoceptor/Gs signaling‑induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiomyocyte‑specific CXCR4 knockout (CXCR4‑CMKO) mice were generated by crossing CXCR4fl/fl and MHC‑Cre+/‑ mice. Their cardiac structure and function in the basal state are equivalent to that of the control MHC‑Cre+/‑ littermates until at least 4 months old. However, following continuous subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol (Iso) via an osmotic mini‑pump, the ventricular myocardial contractility, dilation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis are worse in CXCR4‑CMKO mice than in MHC‑Cre+/‑ littermates. In the cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes, SDF‑1 treatment markedly attenuated Iso‑induced apoptosis and reduction in phospho‑Akt, and this protective effect was lost by knockdown of CXCR4 or by co‑treatment with Gi inhibitors. In conclusion, CXCR4 promotes cardiomyocyte survival and heart function during β‑adrenergic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Min Cheng or Dr Feng Zhu, Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1377 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Min Cheng or Dr Feng Zhu, Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1377 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The identification and validation of hub genes associated with advanced IPF by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1127-1138. [PMID: 36107393 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
18
|
Yao Y, Yang M, Liu D, Zhao Q. Immune remodeling and atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:927221. [PMID: 35936905 PMCID: PMC9355726 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.927221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia that causes high morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of AF has not been fully elucidated. Recent research has suggested that, during AF, the immune system changes considerably and interacts with the environment and cells involved in the initiation and maintenance of AF. This may provide a new direction for research and therapeutic strategies for AF. In this review, we elaborate the concept of immune remodeling based on available data in AF. Then, we highlight the complex relationships between immune remodeling and atrial electrical, structural and neural remodeling while also pointing out some research gaps in these field. Finally, we discuss several potential immunomodulatory treatments for AF. Although the heterogeneity of existing evidence makes it ambiguous to extrapolate immunomodulatory treatments for AF into the clinical practice, immune remodeling is still an evolving concept in AF pathophysiology and further studies within this field are likely to provide effective therapies for AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dishiwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyan Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang L, Chen Y, Huang W. Hub Genes Identification, Small Molecule Compounds Prediction for Atrial Fibrillation and Diagnostic Model Construction Based on XGBoost Algorithm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:920399. [PMID: 35911532 PMCID: PMC9329605 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.920399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and engenders significant global health care burden. The underlying mechanisms of AF is remained to be revealed and current treatment options for AF have limitations. Besides, a detection system can help identify those at risk of developing AF and will enable personalized management.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we utilized the robust rank aggregation method to integrate six AF microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and identified a set of differentially expressed genes between patients with AF and controls. Potential compounds were identified by mining the Connectivity Map database. Functional modules and closely-interacted clusters were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein–protein interaction network, respectively. The overlapped hub genes were further filtered. Subsequent analyses were performed to analyze the function, biological features, and regulatory networks. Moreover, a reliable Machine Learning-based diagnostic model was constructed and visualized to clarify the diagnostic features of these genes.ResultsA total of 156 upregulated and 34 downregulated genes were identified, some of which had not been previously investigated. We showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors were likely to mitigate AF based on Connectivity Map analysis. Four genes, including CXCL12, LTBP1, LOXL1, and IGFBP3, were identified as hub genes. CXCL12 was shown to play an important role in regulation of local inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration. Regulation of CXCL12 expression in AF was analyzed by constructing a transcription factor-miRNA-mRNA network. The Machine Learning-based diagnostic model generated in this study showed good efficacy and reliability.ConclusionKey genes involving in the pathogenesis of AF and potential therapeutic compounds for AF were identified. The biological features of CXCL12 in AF were investigated using integrative bioinformatics tools. The results suggested that CXCL12 might be a biomarker that could be used for distinguishing subsets of AF, and indicated that CXCL12 might be an important intermediate in the development of AF. A reliable Machine Learning-based diagnostic model was constructed. Our work improved understanding of the mechanisms of AF predisposition and progression, and identified potential therapeutic avenues for treatment of AF.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu X, Wang Z, Ye D, Feng Y, Liu M, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu S, Ye J, Wan J. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765768. [PMID: 35668739 PMCID: PMC9163960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases with high disability and mortality rates. In the elderly population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing annually. Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of CVD in China significantly increased by 14.7%, and the number of cardiovascular disease deaths increased from 2.51 million to 3.97 million. Much research has indicated that cardiovascular disease is closely related to inflammation, immunity, injury and repair. Chemokines, which induce directed chemotaxis of reactive cells, are divided into four subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. As cytokines, CXC chemokines are similarly involved in inflammation, immunity, injury, and repair and play a role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac fibrosis, postcardiac rejection, and atrial fibrillation. Here, we explored the relationship between the chemokine CXC subset and cardiovascular disease and its mechanism of action with the goal of further understanding the onset of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ye
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| | - Jun Wan
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu X, Zhong G, Li W, Zeng Y, Wu M. The Construction and Comprehensive Analysis of a ceRNA Immunoregulatory Network and Tissue-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9051-9066. [PMID: 34876841 PMCID: PMC8643171 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s338797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the mechanisms behind atrial fibrillation (AF) pathogenesis are still unclear. We construct a ceRNA immunoregulatory network to further understand the mechanism of AF. Methods Four AF mRNA datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were integrated by SVA method. AF-related immune genes (AF-IRGs) were selected via combining ImmPort database with the genes in the module most associated with AF obtained by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Then, circRNA and miRNA expressions from the GEO database were extracted and mapped with related databases. Next, an immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed and hub genes were filtered from a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and the differentially expressed (DE) hub genes in AF were further screened. Additionally, immune infiltration was investigated in AF by using CIBERSORT. Subsequently, the relationships between DE hub genes and AF-related infiltrating immune cells were performed by using Pearson correlation coefficients. Ulteriorly, the immune-cells-related ceRNA subnetwork in AF was built. Results A total of 95 AF-IRGs were detected, and an immune-related ceRNA network in AF was constructed with 12 circRNAs, 7 miRNAs and 50 mRNAs. The immune infiltration analysis indicated that a higher level of neutrophils, as well as a lower level of T cells regulatory (Tregs) and NK cells activated in AF. Four DE hub genes (CXCL12, IL7R, TNFSF13B, CD8A) were associated with Tregs or NK cells activated immune cells (P < 0.05). Tregs or NK cells activated immune cells-related ceRNA subnetwork including 5 circRNAs (has_circ_0001190, has_circ_0006725, has_circ_0079284, has_circ_0005299, and has_circ_0002103), 4 miRNAs (has-miR-198, has-miR-623, has-miR-1246, and has-miR-339-3p) and 4 DE hub genes was eventually constructed in AF. Conclusion Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing AF progression from the perspective of immune-related ceRNA network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou J, Dong Y, Cai X, Yang H, Guo T. Identification and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7783-7796. [PMID: 34785936 PMCID: PMC8580288 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s337855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved important process for the turnover of intracellular substances in eukaryotes and is closely related to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study is to identify and validate potential autophagy-related genes (ARGs) of AF through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Methods We downloaded two data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, GSE14975 and GSE31821. After merging the data of the two microarrays, adjusting the batch effect, and integrating the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ARGs to obtain differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Use the STRING database to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, mRNA expression levels of DEARGs were validated in right atrial tissue samples from AF patients and non-AF controls by qRT-PCR. Results Through bioinformatics analysis, we finally identified 11 DEARGs (CDKN1A, CXCR4, DIRAS3, HSP90AB1, ITGA3, PRKCD, TP53INP2, DAPK2, IFNG, PTK6, and TNFSF10) in AF using [log2 (fold change)] > 0.5 and P < 0.05. In the pathway enrichment analysis, the most significantly enriched pathway was the autophagy pathway. The results of validation showed that the expression levels of CXCR4, DAPK2, and TNFSF10 corroborating with our computational findings, and the results were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that these 11 potential crucial ARGs, especially CXCR4, DAPK2, and TNFSF10, may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AF, which will help the personalized treatment of AF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|