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Liu M, Lu Y, Xue G, Han L, Jia H, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu P, Yang C, Zhou Y. Role of short-chain fatty acids in host physiology. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38940192 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major metabolites produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber, and they have garnered significant attention due to their close association with host health. As important mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, SCFAs serve as energy substrates for intestinal epithelial cells and maintain homeostasis in host immune and energy metabolism by influencing host epigenetics, activating G protein-coupled receptors, and inhibiting pathogenic microbial infections. This review provides a comprehensive summary of SCFAs synthesis and metabolism and offering an overview of the latest research progress on their roles in protecting gut health, enhancing energy metabolism, mitigating diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes, modulating the gut-brain axis and gut-lung axis, and promoting bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Stem Cell Storage Center, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yubo Lu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Xue
- Stem Cell Storage Center, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Han
- Prevention Health Section, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrical, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Hebei Women and Children's Health Hospital, Hebei Research Institute For Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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2
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Zogorean R, Wirtz S. The yin and yang of B cells in a constant state of battle: intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260266. [PMID: 37849749 PMCID: PMC10577428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, defined by a clinical relapse-remitting course. Affecting people worldwide, the origin of IBD is still undefined, arising as a consequence of the interaction between genes, environment, and microbiota. Although the root cause is difficult to identify, data clearly indicate that dysbiosis and pathogenic microbial taxa are connected with the establishment and clinical course of IBD. The composition of the microbiota is shaped by plasma cell IgA secretion and binding, while cytokines such as IL10 or IFN-γ are important fine-tuners of the immune response in the gastrointestinal environment. B cells may also influence the course of inflammation by promoting either an anti-inflammatory or a pro-inflammatory milieu. Here, we discuss IgA-producing B regulatory cells as an anti-inflammatory factor in intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we specify the context of IgA and IgG as players that can potentially participate in mucosal inflammation. Finally, we discuss the role of B cells in mouse infection models where IL10, IgA, or IgG contribute to the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Zogorean
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
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3
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Yi J, Lin P, Li Q, Zhang A, Kong X. A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:254-274. [PMID: 37701850 PMCID: PMC10493895 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world, which seriously affects human health, while current treatments methods for CRC, including systemic therapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgical local excision, still have poor survival rates for patients with metastatic disease, making it critical to develop new strategies for treating CRC. In this article, we found that the gut microbiota can modulate the signaling pathways of cancer cells through direct contact with tumor cells, generate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and produce diverse metabolic combinations to trigger specific immune responses and promote the initiation of systemic type I interferon (IFN-I) and anti-viral immunity. In addition, oncolytic virus-mediated immunotherapy for regulating oncolytic virus can directly lyse tumor cells, induce the immune activity of the body, interact with interferon, inhibit the anti-viral effect of IFN-I, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of IFN-II. Interferon plays an important role in the anti-tumor process. We put forward that exploring the effects of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon to treat CRC is a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peizhe Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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4
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Fang J, Li YX, Luo HY, Zhang WH, Chan KC, Chan YM, Chen HB, Zhao ZZ, Li SL, Dong CX, Xu J. Impacts of sulfur fumigation on the chemistry and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides in ginseng. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125843. [PMID: 37460073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is widely regarded as a panacea in Oriental medicine mainly due to its immunomodulatory activity. We previously found that sulfur fumigation, a commonly used pesticidal and anti-bacterial processing practice, weakened the immunomodulatory activity of ginseng. However, if and how sulfur fumigation affects the polysaccharides in ginseng, the crucial components contributing to the immunomodulatory function, remain unknown. Here we report that polysaccharides extracted from sulfur-fumigated ginseng (SGP) presented different chemical properties with polysaccharides extracted with non-fumigated ginseng (NGP), particularly increased water extraction yield and decreased branching degree. SGP had weaker immunomodulatory activity than NGP in immunocompromised mice, as evidenced by less improved immunophenotypes involving body weight, immune organ indexes, white blood cells, lymphocyte cell populations and inflammation. The different immunomodulatory activities were accompanied by changes in the interaction between the polysaccharides and gut microbiota, in which SGP stimulated the growth of different bacteria but produced less SCFAs as compared to NGP. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment suggested that gut microbiota played a central role in causing the weakened immunomodulatory activity in vivo. This study provides definite evidence that sulfur fumigation affects the chemistry and bioactivity of ginseng polysaccharides, thereby contributing to understanding how sulfur fumigation weakens the immunomodulatory activity of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Han-Yan Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Hao Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Chun Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Yui-Man Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- Institute of Ben Cao Gang Mu, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, China.
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5
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Wu Q, Zhang Y, Wang C, Hou Y, He W, Wang L, Xiong J, Ren Z, Wang H, Sui B, Zhou D, Zhou M, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Alleviate Vancomycin-Caused Humoral Immunity Attenuation in Rabies-Vaccinated Mice by Promoting the Generation of Plasma Cells via Akt-mTOR Pathway. J Virol 2023; 97:e0065623. [PMID: 37338411 PMCID: PMC10373539 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00656-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that gut microbial composition and its metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have beneficial effects in regulating host immunogenicity to vaccines. However, it remains unknown whether and how SCFAs improve the immunogenicity of the rabies vaccine. In this study, we investigated the effect of SCFAs on the immune response to rabies vaccine in vancomycin (Vanco)-treated mice and found that oral gavage with butyrate-producing bacteria (C. butyricum) and butyrate supplementation elevated RABV-specific IgM, IgG, and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) in Vanco-treated mice. Supplementation with butyrate expanded antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ-secreting cells, augmented germinal center (GC) B cell recruitment, promoted plasma cells (PCs) and RABV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) generation in Vanco-treated mice. Mechanistically, butyrate enhanced mitochondrial function and activated the Akt-mTOR pathway in primary B cells isolated from Vanco-treated mice, ultimately promoting B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) expression and CD138+ PCs generation. These results highlight the important role of butyrate in alleviating Vanco-caused humoral immunity attenuation in rabies-vaccinated mice and maintaining host immune homeostasis. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome plays many crucial roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Alteration of the gut microbiome and metabolites has been shown to impact vaccine efficacy. SCFAs can act as an energy source for B-cells, thereby promoting both mucosal and systemic immunity in the host by inhibiting HDACs and activation of GPR receptors. This study investigates the impact of orally administered butyrate, an SCFA, on the immunogenicity of rabies vaccines in Vanco-treated mice. The results showed that butyrate ameliorated humoral immunity by facilitating the generation of plasma cells via the Akt-mTOR in Vanco-treated mice. These findings unveil the impact of SCFAs on the immune response of the rabies vaccine and confirm the crucial role of butyrate in regulating immunogenicity to rabies vaccines in antibiotic-treated mice. This study provides a fresh insight into the relationship of microbial metabolites and rabies vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yachun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiqian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yarong Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenna He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeheng Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baokun Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Niekamp P, Kim CH. Microbial Metabolite Dysbiosis and Colorectal Cancer. Gut Liver 2023; 17:190-203. [PMID: 36632785 PMCID: PMC10018301 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to continuously increase. Through research performed in the past decades, the effects of various environmental factors on CRC development have been well identified. Diet, the gut microbiota and their metabolites are key environmental factors that profoundly affect CRC development. Major microbial metabolites with a relevance for CRC prevention and pathogenesis include dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, indole metabolites, polyamines, trimethylamine-N-oxide, formate, and hydrogen sulfide. These metabolites regulate various cell types in the intestine, leading to an altered intestinal barrier, immunity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The physical, chemical, and metabolic properties of these metabolites along with their distinct functions to trigger host receptors appear to largely determine their effects in regulating CRC development. In this review, we will discuss the current advances in our understanding of the major CRC-regulating microbial metabolites, focusing on their production and interactive effects on immune responses and tumorigenesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Gholami H, Chmiel JA, Burton JP, Maleki Vareki S. The Role of Microbiota-Derived Vitamins in Immune Homeostasis and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1300. [PMID: 36831641 PMCID: PMC9954268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Not all cancer patients who receive immunotherapy respond positively and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may be linked to treatment efficacy. Though mechanisms of microbial contributions to the immune response have been postulated, one likely function is the supply of basic co-factors to the host including selected vitamins. Bacteria, fungi, and plants can produce their own vitamins, whereas humans primarily obtain vitamins from exogenous sources, yet despite the significance of microbial-derived vitamins as crucial immune system modulators, the microbiota is an overlooked source of these nutrients in humans. Microbial-derived vitamins are often shared by gut bacteria, stabilizing bioenergetic pathways amongst microbial communities. Compositional changes in gut microbiota can affect metabolic pathways that alter immune function. Similarly, the immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining the gut microbiota, which parenthetically affects vitamin biosynthesis. Here we elucidate the immune-interactive mechanisms underlying the effects of these microbially derived vitamins and how they can potentially enhance the activity of immunotherapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Gholami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John A. Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Jeremy P. Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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8
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Novel Strategy for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment through Oral Vaccine Therapy with Amyloid Beta. Biologics 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuropathology characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and dementia. The disease is attributed to senile plaques, which are aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) outside nerve cells; neurofibrillary tangles, which are filamentous accumulations of phosphorylated tau in nerve cells; and loss of neurons in the brain tissue. Immunization of an AD mouse model with Aβ-eliminated pre-existing senile plaque amyloids and prevented new accumulation. Furthermore, its effect showed that cognitive function can be improved by passive immunity without side effects, such as lymphocyte infiltration in AD model mice treated with vaccine therapy, indicating the possibility of vaccine therapy for AD. Further, considering the possibility of side effects due to direct administration of Aβ, the practical use of the safe oral vaccine, which expressed Aβ in plants, is expected. Indeed, administration of this oral vaccine to Alzheimer’s model mice reduced Aβ accumulation in the brain. Moreover, almost no expression of inflammatory IgG was observed. Therefore, vaccination prior to Aβ accumulation or at an early stage of accumulation may prevent Aβ from causing AD.
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9
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Raugh A, Allard D, Bettini M. Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911151. [PMID: 36032083 PMCID: PMC9411801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in preventing autoimmunity has been well established; however, the precise alterations in Treg function in autoimmune individuals and how underlying genetic associations impact the development and function of Tregs is still not well understood. Polygenetic susceptibly is a key driving factor in the development of autoimmunity, and many of the pathways implicated in genetic association studies point to a potential alteration or defect in regulatory T cell function. In this review transcriptomic control of Treg development and function is highlighted with a focus on how these pathways are altered during autoimmunity. In combination, observations from autoimmune mouse models and human patients now provide insights into epigenetic control of Treg function and stability. How tissue microenvironment influences Treg function, lineage stability, and functional plasticity is also explored. In conclusion, the current efficacy and future direction of Treg-based therapies for Type 1 Diabetes and other autoimmune diseases is discussed. In total, this review examines Treg function with focuses on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms and how Treg functions are altered within the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Raugh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Denise Allard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Maria Bettini,
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Li B, Yang B, Liu X, Zhao J, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhang H, Chen W. Microbiota-assisted therapy for systemic inflammatory arthritis: advances and mechanistic insights. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:470. [PMID: 35932328 PMCID: PMC11072763 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on the influence of gut microbiota on systemic inflammatory arthritis has exploded in the past decade. Gut microbiota changes may be a crucial regulatory component in systemic inflammatory arthritis. As a result of advancements in the field, microbiota-assisted therapy has evolved, but this discipline is still in its infancy. Consequently, we review the limitations of current systemic inflammatory arthritis treatment, analyze the connection between the microbiota and arthritis, and summarize the research progress of microbiota regulating systemic inflammatory arthritis and the further development aspects of microbiota-assisted therapy. Finally, the partial mechanisms of microbiota-assisted therapy of systemic inflammatory arthritis are being discussed. In general, this review summarizes the current progress, challenges, and prospects of microbiota-assisted therapy for systemic inflammatory arthritis and points out the direction for the development of microbiota-assisted therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China.
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11
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Xing C, Du Y, Duan T, Nim K, Chu J, Wang HY, Wang RF. Interaction between microbiota and immunity and its implication in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963819. [PMID: 35967333 PMCID: PMC9373904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Besides genetic causes, colonic inflammation is one of the major risk factors for CRC development, which is synergistically regulated by multiple components, including innate and adaptive immune cells, cytokine signaling, and microbiota. The complex interaction between CRC and the gut microbiome has emerged as an important area of current CRC research. Metagenomic profiling has identified a number of prominent CRC-associated bacteria that are enriched in CRC patients, linking the microbiota composition to colitis and cancer development. Some microbiota species have been reported to promote colitis and CRC development in preclinical models, while a few others are identified as immune modulators to induce potent protective immunity against colitis and CRC. Mechanistically, microbiota regulates the activation of different immune cell populations, inflammation, and CRC via crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), type I interferon, and inflammasome. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential interactions between gut microbiota and host immunity and how their crosstalk could synergistically regulate inflammation and CRC, thus highlighting the potential roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in the development of microbiota-based therapies to prevent or alleviate colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Nim
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junjun Chu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Talwar C, Singh V, Kommagani R. The Gut Microbiota: A Double Edge Sword in Endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:881-901. [PMID: 35878972 PMCID: PMC9562115 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis that afflicts 1 in 10 women of reproductive age is characterized by growth of endometrial tissue in the extra-uterine sites and encompasses metabolic-, immunologic- and endocrine-disruption. Importantly, several comorbidities are associated with endometriosis, especially autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Primarily thought of as a condition arising from retrograde menstruation, emerging evidence uncovered a functional link between the gut microbiota and endometriosis. Specifically, recent findings revealed altered gut microbiota profiles in endometriosis and in turn this altered microbiota appears to be causal in the disease progression, implying a bi-directional crosstalk. In this review, we discuss the complex etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis emphasizing on this recently recognized role of gut microbiome. We review the gut microbiome structure and functions and its complex network of interactions with the host for maintenance of homeostasis that is crucial for disease prevention. We highlight the underlying mechanisms on how some bacteria promotes disease progression and others protects against endometriosis. Further, we highlight the areas that require future emphases in the gut microbiome-endometriosis nexus and the potential microbiome-based therapies for amelioration of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Talwar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vertika Singh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Kommagani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Riaz F, Wei P, Pan F. Fine-tuning of regulatory T cells is indispensable for the metabolic steatosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949603. [PMID: 35912096 PMCID: PMC9337771 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of chronic hepatic diseases are caused by nutritional imbalance. These nutritional inequities include excessive intake of alcohol and fat, which causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), respectively. The pathogenesis of hepatic diseases is mainly dependent on oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA damage, and gut microbiota and their metabolites. These factors influence the normal physiology of the liver and impact the hepatic microenvironment. The hepatic microenvironment contains several immune cells and inflammatory cytokines which interact with each other and contribute to the progression of chronic hepatic diseases. Among these immune cells, Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the crucial subset of CD4+ T cells that create an immunosuppressive environment. This review emphasizes the function of Tregs in the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD and their role in the progression of NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Briefly, Tregs establish an immunosuppressive landscape in the liver by interacting with the innate immune cells and gut microbiota and their metabolites. Meanwhile, with the advancement of steatosis, these Tregs inhibit the proliferation, activation and functions of other cytotoxic T cells and support the progression of simple steatosis to HCC. Briefly, it can be suggested that targeting Tregs can act as a favourable prognostic indicator by modulating steatosis and insulin resistance during the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Pan,
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Choi J, Kim BR, Akuzum B, Chang L, Lee JY, Kwon HK. TREGking From Gut to Brain: The Control of Regulatory T Cells Along the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916066. [PMID: 35844606 PMCID: PMC9279871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract has an enormous and diverse microbial community, termed microbiota, that is necessary for the development of the immune system and tissue homeostasis. In contrast, microbial dysbiosis is associated with various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as neurological disorders in humans by affecting not only the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract but also other distal organs. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ helper T cell lineages that function as a gatekeeper for immune activation and are essential for peripheral autoimmunity prevention. Tregs are crucial to the maintenance of immunological homeostasis and tolerance at barrier regions. Tregs reside in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and tissue-resident Tregs have unique tissue-specific phenotype and distinct function. The gut microbiota has an impact on Tregs development, accumulation, and function in periphery. Tregs, in turn, modulate antigen-specific responses aimed towards gut microbes, which supports the host–microbiota symbiotic interaction in the gut. Recent studies have indicated that Tregs interact with a variety of resident cells in central nervous system (CNS) to limit the progression of neurological illnesses such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. The gastrointestinal tract and CNS are functionally connected, and current findings provide insights that Tregs function along the gut-brain axis by interacting with immune, epithelial, and neuronal cells. The purpose of this study is to explain our current knowledge of the biological role of tissue-resident Tregs, as well as the interaction along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Begum Akuzum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Leechung Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: June-Yong Lee, ; Ho-Keun Kwon,
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: June-Yong Lee, ; Ho-Keun Kwon,
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15
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Berthelot JM, Lioté F, Sibilia J. Tissue microbiota: a 'secondary-self', first target of autoimmunity? Joint Bone Spine 2021; 89:105337. [PMID: 34968748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Berthelot
- Rheumatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Hôtel-Dieu, Place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France.
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- Rheumatology Department & Inserm UMR 1132 (centre Viggo Petersen), Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010 Paris, France; Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; RESO: Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques Rares Est Sud-Ouest, France; INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Popov J, Caputi V, Nandeesha N, Rodriguez DA, Pai N. Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer and Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11365. [PMID: 34768795 PMCID: PMC8584103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the colonic mucosa. UC is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease along with Crohn's disease and presents with varying extraintestinal manifestations. No single etiology for UC has been found, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. Research has focused on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of UC, including the effects of dysbiosis on the integrity of the colonic mucosal barrier, priming and regulation of the host immune system, chronic inflammation, and progression to tumorigenesis. Characterization of key microbial taxa and their implications in the pathogenesis of UC and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) may present opportunities for modulating intestinal inflammation through microbial-targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the microbiota-immune crosstalk in UC and CAC, as well as the evolution of microbiota-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popov
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Nandini Nandeesha
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | | | - Nikhil Pai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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