Association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid and non-lipid markers of cardiovascular diseases in the middle east region

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be negatively associated with hyperuricemia in U.S. adults: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014

PURPOSE

The results of previous studies on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and hyperuricemia are controversial. We hypothesized that serum 25(OH)D concentrations of U.S. adults would negatively correlate with the risk of hyperuricemia.

METHOD

Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014 were used, after excluding those who met at least one of the exclusion criteria, a total of 9096 male individuals and 9500 female individuals aged 18 years or older were included. Binary logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline with fully adjusted confounding factors were applied to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D and hyperuricemia. We further performed stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis to minimize the influence of gender, metabolic syndrome, obesity and renal dysfunction on the above association.

RESULTS

We found a negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and hyperuricemia. In the binary logistic regression analysis, compared with the highest serum 25(OH)D quartile [Q4: 25(OH)D > 77.10 nmol/L] group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) in the lowest quartile [Q1: 25(OH)D ≤ 43.20 nmol/L] was 1.46 (1.22-1.75) in the fully adjusted model. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed L-shaped and non-linear relationships between 25(OH)D and hyperuricemia. In sensitivity analysis, after restricting to participants without significant renal dysfunction and obesity, the above association remained significant. After restricting to participants who were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome, above association remained significant in the fully adjusted model. In stratified analysis by gender, the association remained significant among males and females.

CONCLUSIONS

Serum 25(OH)D might be inversely associated with hyperuricemia in general U.S. adults. From our study, for people with unexplained hyperuricemia, screening for serum Vitamin D concentration might be necessary.

The association of coffee consumption rate with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, non-HDL levels, and TC/HDL ratio in females with vitamin D deficiency

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of coffee consumption rate with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in females with vitamin D deficiency.

METHODS

This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by studying the records of 270 Jordanian females aged 18-65 years with varying degrees of vitamin D deficiency. Following completion of the questionnaire regarding their anthropometric characteristics and coffee consumption rate during the preceding 3 months, the participants were required to provide blood samples for analysis to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lipid profile levels including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.

RESULTS

The current study demonstrated that coffee consumption rate and vitamin D deficiency were significantly positively connected with the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (p = .003) in women with vitamin D deficiency. In addition, vitamin D deficiency alone correlated positively with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (p = .010) and (p = .002), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Higher coffee consumption rate among women with vitamin D deficiency significantly elevated total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio that may increase woman's risk of hyperlipidemia.

Adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children, especially obese children

OBJECTIVE

Vitamin D deficiency has recently evolved as a major public health issue worldwide. But the relationship between vitamin D and cardiovascular health in children remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors, and to assess the possible effect modification of obesity on the associations in a Chinese pediatric population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cross-sectional sample of 6091 children aged 6-18 years was obtained using a cluster sampling method. The 25(OH)D concentrations, and metabolic risk factors, including waist to height ratio, blood pressure, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and insulin were measured. Adjusted ORs and multiplicative or additive interaction were calculated to assess the associations and effect modification, respectively.

RESULTS

Triglycerides, FBG, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentrations (p<0.05) in both sexes. The OR of hyperglycemia among individuals with insufficient vitamin D was higher than those with adequate vitamin D after adjusting for covariates (OR: 1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.70). Moreover, girls with insufficient vitamin D had significantly higher odds for hypertension and high total cholesterol than those with adequate vitamin D, which was not observed in boys. Thirty-two percent (95% CI 14% to 51%) of the increased odds of hyperglycemia can be explained by the interaction between insufficient vitamin D and obesity.

CONCLUSIONS

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased odds of various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children and has a synergistic effect on hyperglycemia with obesity.

FokI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with cardiovascular risk

INTRODUCTION

The biological actions of vitamin D are mediated through vitamin D receptor (VDR). Numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene have been identified, and some have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study aims to evaluate the association of five SNPs in the VDR gene with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients with at least one CVD risk factor.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Genomic DNA was sequenced using standard Sanger methods for five VDR SNPs (BsmI rs1544410; ApaI rs7975232; Cdx2 rs11568820; TaqI rs731236; FokI rs2228570) in 50 Mediterranean subjects having hypovitaminosis D with at least one documented CVD risk factor, aged 18 years or more. The collected variables were serum levels of (25[OH]D), HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol.

RESULTS

BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI were moderately to highly intercorrelated. Cdx2 was less frequent than expected. With respect to the number of mutations in FokI, levels of (25 [OH]D) were 11.2 ±5.5 ng/ml in the absence of mutations, 12.6 ±4.7 ng/ml in the presence of one mutation, and 16.5 ± 5.5 ng/ml in the presence of two mutations.

CONCLUSIONS

FokI polymorphism is more frequent in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors than in the general Caucasian population.

Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and women

Background: To identify stress associated factors for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in healthy Jordanian people based on serum 25(OH)D levels.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Three hundred and seventy-one Jordanian men and women aged 17–52 years, who were identified as VD deficient 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL, were eligible to participate in the study. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Cortisol, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose were also analyzed. Questionnaires were used to collect lifestyles parameters. Anthropometric parameters including: body mass index (BMI), waist (W) and hip (H) circumferences, W/H ratio (WHR) were also calculated.

Results: The vast majority (91%) of the participants had vitamin D deficiency (25- (OH) D <30 ng/mL). Positive correlations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and the following anthropometric parameters in all study sample; gender (P=0.010), height (P=0.22), height/hip ratio (P=0.015) and waist/hip ratio (P=0.013). Lifestyle parameters that indicated very weak positive correlations with VDD were number of family members (P=0.011) and insufficient exposure to sunlight (P=0.023). The following clinical parameters showed weak or very weak correlations with VDD; serum cortisol (r=0.318), low density lipoprotein (r=0.246) and total cholesterol (r=0.133). Skin color and water pipe tobacco smoking were added to the multivariable stepwise regression analyses as they have been weakly correlated with VDD. These predictors together explained only 12.2% of the variance in serum cortisol levels in the VDD study sample.

Conclusion: A weak positive association between VDD and elevated serum cortisol was observed in this study. Subcutaneous changes may be involved in that association but further studies are needed to clarify a potential role for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).