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Nakajima T, Kanno T, Ueda Y, Miyako K, Endo T, Yoshida S, Yokoyama S, Asou HK, Yamada K, Ikeda K, Togashi Y, Endo Y. Fatty acid metabolism constrains Th9 cell differentiation and antitumor immunity via the modulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01209-y. [PMID: 39187636 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper 9 (Th9) cells are interleukin 9 (IL-9)-producing cells that have diverse functions ranging from antitumor immune responses to allergic inflammation. Th9 cells differentiate from naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence of IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β); however, our understanding of the molecular basis of their differentiation remains incomplete. Previously, we reported that the differentiation of another subset of TGF-β-driven T helper cells, Th17 cells, is highly dependent on de novo lipid biosynthesis. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that lipid metabolism may also be important for Th9 cell differentiation. We therefore investigated the differentiation and function of mouse and human Th9 cells in vitro under conditions of pharmacologically or genetically induced deficiency of the intracellular fatty acid content and in vivo in mice genetically deficient in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), an important enzyme for fatty acid biosynthesis. Both the inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and the deprivation of environmental lipids augmented differentiation and IL-9 production in mouse and human Th9 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the increase in Th9 cell differentiation was mediated by the retinoic acid receptor and the TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathways. Upon adoptive transfer, ACC1-inhibited Th9 cells suppressed tumor growth in murine models of melanoma and adenocarcinoma. Together, our findings highlight a novel role of fatty acid metabolism in controlling the differentiation and in vivo functions of Th9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takeru Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Souta Yoshida
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamada
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Huang C, Jiang T, Pan W, Feng T, Zhou X, Wu Q, Ma F, Dai J. Ubiquitination of NS1 Confers Differential Adaptation of Zika Virus in Mammalian Hosts and Mosquito Vectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2408024. [PMID: 39159062 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202408024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Arboviruses, transmitted by medical arthropods, pose a serious health threat worldwide. During viral infection, Post Translational Modifications (PTMs) are present on both host and viral proteins, regulating multiple processes of the viral lifecycle. In this study, a mammalian E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 (WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase 2) is identified, which interacts with the NS1 protein of Zika virus (ZIKV) and mediates K63 and K48 ubiquitination of Lys 265 and Lys 284, respectively. WWP2-mediated NS1 ubiquitination leads to NS1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting ZIKV infection in mammalian hosts. Simultaneously, it is found Su(dx), a protein highly homologous to host WWP2 in mosquitoes, is capable of ubiquitinating NS1 in mosquito cells. Unexpectedly, ubiquitination of NS1 in mosquitoes does not lead to NS1 degradation; instead, it promotes viral infection in mosquitoes. Correspondingly, the NS1 K265R mutant virus is less infectious to mosquitoes than the wild-type (WT) virus. The above results suggest that the ubiquitination of the NS1 protein confers different adaptations of ZIKV to hosts and vectors, and more importantly, this explains why NS1 K265-type strains have become predominantly endemic in nature. This study highlights the potential application in antiviral drug and vaccine development by targeting viral proteins' PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Huang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qihan Wu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Feng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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Zhao X, Ma D, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang L. Research progress of T cell autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425443. [PMID: 39104538 PMCID: PMC11298352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells, as a major lymphocyte population involved in the adaptive immune response, play an important immunomodulatory role in the early stages of autoimmune diseases. Autophagy is a cellular catabolism mediated by lysosomes. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis by recycling degraded cytoplasmic components and damaged organelles. Autophagy has a protective effect on cells and plays an important role in regulating T cell development, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Autophagy mediates the participation of T cells in the acquired immune response and plays a key role in antigen processing as well as in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis. In autoimmune diseases, dysregulated autophagy of T cells largely influences the pathological changes. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how T cells play a role in the immune mechanism of autoimmune diseases through autophagy pathway to guide the clinical treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Zhang W, Chen L, Liu J, Chen B, Shi H, Chen H, Qi H, Wu Z, Mao X, Wang X, Huang Y, Li J, Yu Z, Zhong M, Wang T, Li Q. Inhibition of autophagy-related protein 7 enhances anti-tumor immune response and improves efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite instability colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:114. [PMID: 38627815 PMCID: PMC11020677 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy is primarily hindered by the limited T-cell immune response rate and immune evasion capacity of tumor cells. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) plays an important role in autophagy and it has been linked to cancer. However, the role of ATG7 in the effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment on high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) CRC is still poorly understood. METHODS In this study, patients from the cancer genome altas (TCGA) COAD/READ cohorts were used to investigate the biological mechanism driving ATG7 development. Several assays were conducted including the colony formation, cell viability, qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry staining and in vivo tumorigenicity tests. RESULTS We found that ATG7 plays a crucial role in MSI-H CRC. Its knockdown decreased tumor growth and caused an infiltration of CD8+ T effector cells in vivo. ATG7 inhibition restored surface major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) levels, causing improved antigen presentation and anti-tumor T cell response by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, ATG7 inhibition also suppressed cholesterol accumulation and augmentation of anti-tumor immune responses. Combining ATG7 inhibition and statins improved the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1 in MSI-H CRC. Importantly, CRC patients with high expression of both ATG7 and recombinant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) experienced worse prognosis compared to those with low ATG7 and HMGCR expression. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ATG7 leads to upregulation of MHC-I expression, augments immune response and suppresses cholesterol accumulation. These findings demonstrate that ATG7 inhibition has therapeutic potential and application of statins can increase the sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bicui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiyifan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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5
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Pavlyuchenkova AN, Smirnov MS, Chernyak BV, Chelombitko MA. The Role Played by Autophagy in FcεRI-Dependent Activation of Mast Cells. Cells 2024; 13:690. [PMID: 38667305 PMCID: PMC11049365 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant role of mast cells in the development of allergic and inflammatory diseases is well-established. Among the various mechanisms of mast cell activation, the interaction of antigens/allergens with IgE and the subsequent binding of this complex to the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI stand out as the most studied and fundamental pathways. This activation process leads to the rapid exocytosis of granules containing preformed mediators, followed by the production of newly synthesized mediators, including a diverse array of cytokines, chemokines, arachidonic acid metabolites, and more. While conventional approaches to allergy control primarily focus on allergen avoidance and the use of antihistamines (despite their associated side effects), there is increasing interest in exploring novel methods to modulate mast cell activity in modern medicine. Recent evidence suggests a role for autophagy in mast cell activation, offering potential avenues for utilizing low-molecular-weight autophagy regulators in the treatment of allergic diseases. More specifically, mitochondria, which play an important role in the regulation of autophagy as well as mast cell activation, emerge as promising targets for drug development. This review examines the existing literature regarding the involvement of the molecular machinery associated with autophagy in FcεRI-dependent mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N. Pavlyuchenkova
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (A.N.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Smirnov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (A.N.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (A.N.P.)
| | - Maria A. Chelombitko
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; (A.N.P.)
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Cui Z, Cong M, Yin S, Li Y, Ye Y, Liu X, Tang J. Role of protein degradation systems in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:141. [PMID: 38485957 PMCID: PMC10940631 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosome system are the two primary pathways responsible for protein degradation and directly related to cell survival. In malignant tumors, the UPS plays a critical role in managing the excessive protein load caused by cancer cells hyperproliferation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the dual roles played by the UPS and autolysosome system in colorectal cancer (CRC), elucidating their impact on the initiation and progression of this disease while also highlighting their compensatory relationship. Simultaneously targeting both protein degradation pathways offers new promise for enhancing treatment efficacy against CRC. Additionally, apoptosis is closely linked to ubiquitination and autophagy, and caspases degrade proteins. A thorough comprehension of the interplay between various protein degradation pathways is highly important for clarifying the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingqi Cong
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuguang Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010017, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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7
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Xiang D, Zhou L, Yang R, Yuan F, Xu Y, Yang Y, Qiao Y, Li X. Advances in Ferroptosis-Inducing Agents by Targeted Delivery System in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2091-2112. [PMID: 38476278 PMCID: PMC10929151 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer remains one of the most significant threats to human health. Treatment of most cancers remains challenging, despite the implementation of diverse therapies in clinical practice. In recent years, research on the mechanism of ferroptosis has presented novel perspectives for cancer treatment. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process caused by lipid peroxidation of membrane unsaturated fatty acids catalyzed by iron ions. The rapid development of bio-nanotechnology has generated considerable interest in exploiting iron-induced cell death as a new therapeutic target against cancer. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements at the intersection of iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. In this respect, the mechanism of iron-induced cell death and its relation to cancer are summarized. Furthermore, the feasibility of a nano-drug delivery system based on iron-induced cell death for cancer treatment is introduced and analyzed. Secondly, strategies for inducing iron-induced cell death using nanodrug delivery technology are discussed, including promoting Fenton reactions, inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4, reducing low glutathione levels, and inhibiting system Xc-. Additionally, the article explores the potential of combined treatment strategies involving iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of iron-induced nanoagents for cancer treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debiao Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Giansanti M, Theinert T, Boeing SK, Haas D, Schlegel PG, Vacca P, Nazio F, Caruana I. Exploiting autophagy balance in T and NK cells as a new strategy to implement adoptive cell therapies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 38071322 PMCID: PMC10709869 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis pathway initiated by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient deprivation to viral infection, playing a key role in human health and disease. At present, a growing number of evidence suggests a role of autophagy as a primitive innate immune form of defense for eukaryotic cells, interacting with components of innate immune signaling pathways and regulating thymic selection, antigen presentation, cytokine production and T/NK cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of tumor progression and response to therapy. However, very little is known about the role and impact of autophagy in T and NK cells, the main players in the active fight against infections and tumors. Important questions are emerging: what role does autophagy play on T/NK cells? Could its modulation lead to any advantages? Could specific targeting of autophagy on tumor cells (blocking) and T/NK cells (activation) be a new intervention strategy? In this review, we debate preclinical studies that have identified autophagy as a key regulator of immune responses by modulating the functions of different immune cells and discuss the redundancy or diversity among the subpopulations of both T and NK cells in physiologic context and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Giansanti
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Theinert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Katharina Boeing
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Haas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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9
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Gressler AE, Leng H, Zinecker H, Simon AK. Proteostasis in T cell aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101838. [PMID: 37708826 PMCID: PMC10804938 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to a decline in immune cell function, which leaves the organism vulnerable to infections and age-related multimorbidities. One major player of the adaptive immune response are T cells, and recent studies argue for a major role of disturbed proteostasis contributing to reduced function of these cells upon aging. Proteostasis refers to the state of a healthy, balanced proteome in the cell and is influenced by synthesis (translation), maintenance and quality control of proteins, as well as degradation of damaged or unwanted proteins by the proteasome, autophagy, lysosome and cytoplasmic enzymes. This review focuses on molecular processes impacting on proteostasis in T cells, and specifically functional or quantitative changes of each of these upon aging. Importantly, we describe the biological consequences of compromised proteostasis in T cells, which range from impaired T cell activation and function to enhancement of inflamm-aging by aged T cells. Finally, approaches to improve proteostasis and thus rejuvenate aged T cells through pharmacological or physical interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elisabeth Gressler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Houfu Leng
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heidi Zinecker
- Ascenion GmbH, Am Zirkus 1, Bertold-Brecht-Platz 3, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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10
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Zhou F, Li X, Jia K, Li F, Xue X, Liu J, Qu J, Liu R. Inhibiting autophagy to boost antitumor immunity with tetramethylpyrazine-loaded and PD-L1-targeting liposomal nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106581. [PMID: 37696460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been recognized as a revolutionary breakthrough and has yielded impressive results. However, a major challenge facing immunotherapy is its limited efficacy, which may be largely due to the inadequate infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Autophagy inhibition has been identified to enhance the recruitment of immune cells into the tumor by upregulating the expression and secretion of chemokines. Here, we verified a novel autophagy inhibitor tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) from natural products using a mCherry-GFP-LC3 probe-based autophagy flux reporter system. We then devised a liposomal system capable of co-delivering DOX and TMP using the thin-film dispersion method and modified the liposome with PD-L1 binding peptide JY4 (DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO). We found that DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO exhibited potent antitumor efficacy in vitro. In addition, DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO could effectively inhibit the autophagic flux to enhance the recruitment of immune cells into the tumor by upregulating CCL5 and CXCL10. The liposome exhibited favorable biocompatibility and safety while facilitating the accumulation of therapeutic drugs in tumors. DOX-TMP-JY4LIPO significantly inhibited tumor growth in LLC xenograft mice, accompanied by increased granzymes- and perforin-mediated cytotoxic immune responses. Our findings demonstrate that the TMP-loaded and PD-L1-targeting liposomal nanoparticles can significantly boost antitumor immunity by inhibiting autophagy, suggesting a novel natural product-based nanomedicine for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Kexin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
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11
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Chen S, Wang Q, Wang H, Xia S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in T cell-mediated diseases. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13307. [PMID: 38441291 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
T cells synthesize a large number of proteins during their development, activation, and differentiation. The build-up of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, T cells can maintain ER homeostasis via endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, unfolded protein response, and autophagy. In T cell-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, type 1 diabetes and vitiligo, ER stress caused by changes in the internal microenvironment can cause disease progression by affecting T cell homeostasis. This review discusses ER stress in T cell formation, activation, differentiation, and T cell-mediated illnesses, and may offer new perspectives on the involvement of T cells in autoimmune disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiulei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Kim E, Rahmawati L, Aziz N, Kim HG, Kim JH, Kim KH, Yoo BC, Parameswaran N, Kang JS, Hur H, Manavalan B, Lee J, Cho JY. Protection of c-Fos from autophagic degradation by PRMT1-mediated methylation fosters gastric tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3640-3660. [PMID: 37564212 PMCID: PMC10411464 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Both AP-1 and PRMT1 are vital molecules in variety of cellular progresssion, but the interaction between these proteins in the context of cellular functions is less clear. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the pernicious diseases worldwide. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mode of action underlying gastric tumorigenesis is still elusive. In this study, we found that PRMT1 directly interacts with c-Fos and enhances AP-1 activation. PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation (mono- and dimethylation) of c-Fos synergistically enhances c-Fos-mediated AP-1 liveliness and consequently increases c-Fos protein stabilization. Consistent with this finding, PRMT1 knockdown decreases the protein level of c-Fos. We discovered that the c-Fos protein undergoes autophagic degradation and found that PRMT1-mediated methylation at R287 protects c-Fos from autophagosomal degradation and is linked to clinicopathologic variables as well as prognosis in stomach tumor. Together, our data demonstrate that PRMT1-mediated c-Fos protein stabilization promotes gastric tumorigenesis. We contend that targeting this modification could constitute a new therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Yungjin Pharmaceutical Co, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Laily Rahmawati
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Emergency Department, Hermina Hospital Tangkubanprahu, Malang 65119, Indonesia
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang 65151, Indonesia
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Proteomic Analysis Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayana Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Cannon A, Pajulas A, Kaplan MH, Zhang J. The Dichotomy of Interleukin-9 Function in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:229-245. [PMID: 37319357 PMCID: PMC10282829 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine with potent proinflammatory properties that plays a central role in pathologies such as allergic asthma, immunity to parasitic infection, and autoimmunity. More recently, IL-9 has garnered considerable attention in tumor immunity. Historically, IL-9 has been associated with a protumor function in hematological malignancies and an antitumor function in solid malignancies. However, recent discoveries of the dynamic role of IL-9 in cancer progression suggest that IL-9 can act as both a pro- or antitumor factor in various hematological and solid malignancies. This review summarizes IL-9-dependent control of tumor growth, regulation, and therapeutic applicability of IL-9 blockade and IL-9-producing cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cannon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jilu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Ma D, Wu Z, Zhao X, Zhu X, An Q, Wang Y, Zhao J, Su Y, Yang B, Xu K, Zhang L. Immunomodulatory effects of umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on CD4 + T cells in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01189-x. [PMID: 37012581 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of exocrine glands and multisystem lesions. Abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of CD4+ T cells are key factors in the pathogenesis of pSS. Autophagy is one of the important mechanisms to maintain immune homeostasis and function of CD4+ T cells. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (UCMSC-Exos) may simulate the immunoregulation of MSCs while avoiding the risks of MSCs treatment. However, whether UCMSC-Exos can regulate the functions of CD4+ T cells in pSS, and whether the effects via the autophagy pathway remains unclear. METHODS The study analyzed retrospectively the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in pSS patients, and explored the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and disease activity. Next, peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were sorted using immunomagnetic beads. The proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammatory factors of CD4+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. Autophagosomes of CD4+ T cells were detected using transmission electron microscopy, autophagy-related proteins and genes were detected using western blotting or RT-qPCR. RESULTS The study demonstrated that the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells decreased in pSS patients, and negatively correlated with disease activity. UCMSC-Exos inhibited excessive proliferation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in pSS patients, blocked them in the G0/G1 phase, inhibited them from entering the S phase, reduced the Th17 cell ratio, elevated the Treg ratio, inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-17F secretion, and promoted IL-10 and TGF-β secretion. UCMSC-Exos reduced the elevated autophagy levels in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of patients with pSS. Furthermore, UCMSC-Exos regulated CD4+ T cell proliferation and early apoptosis, inhibited Th17 cell differentiation, promoted Treg cell differentiation, and restored the Th17/Treg balance in pSS patients through the autophagy pathway. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that UCMSC-Exos exerts an immunomodulatory effect on the CD4+ T cells, and maybe as a new treatment for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueqing Zhu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi An
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Yazhen Su
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Baoqi Yang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
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15
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Role of K63-linked ubiquitination in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:410. [PMID: 36202787 PMCID: PMC9537175 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical type of post-translational modifications, of which K63-linked ubiquitination regulates interaction, translocation, and activation of proteins. In recent years, emerging evidence suggest involvement of K63-linked ubiquitination in multiple signaling pathways and various human diseases including cancer. Increasing number of studies indicated that K63-linked ubiquitination controls initiation, development, invasion, metastasis, and therapy of diverse cancers. Here, we summarized molecular mechanisms of K63-linked ubiquitination dictating different biological activities of tumor and highlighted novel opportunities for future therapy targeting certain regulation of K63-linked ubiquitination in tumor.
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16
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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17
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Manzoor S, Muhammad JS, Maghazachi AA, Hamid Q. Autophagy: A Versatile Player in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer and Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924290. [PMID: 35912261 PMCID: PMC9329589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the topmost malignancies for both genders. Despite the high incidence rate and advances in diagnostic tools, treatment in many cases is still ineffective. Most cancerous lesions in CRC begin as benign, followed by the development of invasive forms and metastases. The development of CRC has been linked to defects in autophagy, which plays both a pro-and anti-tumor role and is mainly context-dependent. Autophagy suppression could enhance apoptosis via p53 activation, or autophagy also promotes tumor progression by maintaining tumor growth and increasing resistance to chemotherapy. Autophagy promotes the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells via increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota upregulated autophagy and metastasis markers. Autophagy responses may also modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) via regulating the differentiation process of several innate immune cells. Treatments that promote tumor cell death by stimulating or inhibiting autophagy could be beneficial if used as an adjunct treatment, but the precise role of various autophagy-modulating drugs in CRC patients is needed to be explored. In this article, we present an overview of the autophagy process and its role in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of CRC. Also, we focused on the current understanding of the role of the EMT and TME, including its relation to gut microbiota and immune cells, in autophagic manipulation of CRC. We believe that there is a potential link between autophagy, TME, EMT, and drug resistance, suggesting that further studies are needed to explore this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Manzoor
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Qutayba Hamid,
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18
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Cancer cell's internal and external warriors: Autophagosomes and exosomes. Life Sci 2022; 300:120552. [PMID: 35452638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
"That survival instinct, that will to live, that need to get back to life again, is more powerful than any consideration of taste, decency, politeness, manners, civility, anything. It's such a powerful force." This quote by famous director Danny Boyle is a perfect analogy to describe the cancer cell's inexhaustible drive to persist against all odds. In order to adapt to a hostile environment, the cancer cells rely on multiple mechanisms including immune escape, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, extravasation, autophagy, exosome release among others. Cancer cells depute their internal and external warriors, autophagosomes and exosomes, to dwell in the belligerent tumor microenvironment. It is quite reasonable for a cancer cell, striving to survive, to invest in pathways that will provide the maximum advantage. Autophagy is an important cellular degradation pathway, while the exosome pathway provides an alternative cargo disposal mechanism to maintain the homeostasis and cell survival. While autophagic degradation provides the essential nutrients to rapidly dividing cells, exosomal secretion ensures that the tumor microenvironment is attuned to accommodate the swiftly expanding tumor mass. Studies have revealed that exosomes secreted by cancer cells can modulate autophagy in recipient cells, while autophagy can influence the biogenesis of exosomes. Autophagy and exosome crosstalk is extremely complex and it is only beginning to be recognized and documented. This review is focused on discussing the roles of autophagy and exosomes in the cancer cell's adaptation to the tumor microenvironment and how the two pathways are coordinately regulated to facilitate cancer cell survival.
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19
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Jeong J, Choi YJ, Lee HK. The Role of Autophagy in the Function of CD4 + T Cells and the Development of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860146. [PMID: 35392563 PMCID: PMC8981087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled acute inflammation progresses to persistent inflammation that leads to various chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. CD4+ T cells are key immune cells that determine the development of these chronic inflammatory diseases. CD4+ T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses by producing cytokines and effector molecules. These functional roles of T cells vary depending on the surrounding inflammatory or anatomical environment. Autophagy is an important process that can regulate the function of CD4+ T cells. By lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic materials, autophagy mediates CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses, including cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, through canonical processes involving autophagy machinery, autophagy also contributes to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, a targeted intervention of autophagy processes could be used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the role of autophagy via CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of such diseases. In particular, we explore the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in the regulation of CD4+ T cell metabolism, survival, development, proliferation, differentiation, and aging. Furthermore, we suggest that autophagy-mediated modulation of CD4+ T cells is a promising therapeutic target for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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20
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Su Z, Guo Y, Huang X, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G, Zhu Y. Phytochemicals: Targeting Mitophagy to Treat Metabolic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686820. [PMID: 34414181 PMCID: PMC8369426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Due to unhealthy lifestyles such as high-calorie diet, sedentary and physical inactivity, the prevalence of metabolic disorders poses a huge challenge to global human health, which is the leading cause of global human death. Mitochondrion is the major site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and ROS production. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction-related oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the development of metabolic disorders. Mitophagy, a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged or superfluous mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial function. It is considered to be one of the major mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Growing evidence shows that mitophagy can prevent and treat metabolic disorders through suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In the past decade, in order to expand the range of pharmaceutical options, more and more phytochemicals have been proven to have therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders. Many of these phytochemicals have been proved to activate mitophagy to ameliorate metabolic disorders. Given the ongoing epidemic of metabolic disorders, it is of great significance to explore the contribution and underlying mechanisms of mitophagy in metabolic disorders, and to understand the effects and molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals on the treatment of metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic disorders and discuss the potential of targeting mitophagy with phytochemicals for the treatment of metabolic disorders, with a view to providing a direction for finding phytochemicals that target mitophagy to prevent or treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Liang Z, Pan F, Yang Z, Wang M, Hu C, Shi L, Ji Q, Liu L. Interleukin-9 deficiency affects lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage-related oxidative stress and myocardial cell apoptosis via the Nrf2 pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Biofactors 2021; 47:674-685. [PMID: 33979459 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that interleukin-9 (IL-9) is involved in cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and cardiac fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-9 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial cell (MC) apoptosis. Mice were treated with LPS, and IL-9 expression was measured and the results showed that compared with WT mice, LPS-treated mice exhibited increased cardiac Mø-derived IL-9. Additionally, the effects of IL-9 deficiency (IL-9-/-) on macrophage (Mø)-related oxidative stress and MC apoptosis were evaluated, the results showed that IL-9 knockout significantly exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, inhibited Nrf2 nuclear transfer, promoted an imbalance in M1 and M2 Møs, and exacerbated oxidative stress and MC apoptosis in LPS-treated mice. Treatment with ML385, a specific nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway inhibitor significantly alleviated the above effects in LPS-treated IL-9-/- mice. Bone marrow-derived Møs from wild-type (WT) mice and IL-9-/- mice were treated with LPS, and the differentiation and oxidative stress levels of Møs were measured. The effect of Mø differentiation on mouse MC apoptosis was also analyzed in vitro. The results showed that LPS-induced M1 Mø/M2 Mø imbalance and Mø-related oxidative stress were alleviated by IL-9 knockout but were exacerbated by ML385 treatment. The protective effects of IL-9 deficiency on the MC apoptosis mediated by LPS-treated Møs were reversed by ML-385. Our results suggest that deletion of IL-9 decreased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in Møs, which further aggravated Mø-related oxidative stress and MC apoptosis. IL-9 may be a target for the prevention of LPS-induced cardiac injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Interleukin-9/deficiency
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Interleukin-9/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocarditis/chemically induced
- Myocarditis/genetics
- Myocarditis/immunology
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/immunology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology
- Oxidative Stress
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Transport
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/immunology
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Fuze Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zicong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Changxing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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22
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Su Z, Zeng K, Feng B, Tang L, Sun C, Wang X, Li C, Zheng G, Zhu Y. Kun-Dan Decoction Ameliorates Insulin Resistance by Activating AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670151. [PMID: 34122092 PMCID: PMC8193673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by central obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Insulin resistance is the leading risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Kun-Dan decoction (KD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been applied to treat patients with metabolic syndrome for over ten years. It is increasingly recognized that autophagy deficiency is the key cause of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether KD can activate autophagy to improve metabolic syndrome. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to explore the underlying mechanism of KD in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The high-fat diet-fed rats and oleic acid-induced LO2 cells were employed in our study. Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test, obesity and histological examination, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the protein expressions of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phospho-mTOR, p62, autophagy related protein (Atg) 5, Atg7, Atg12, Atg13, Atg16L1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-Ⅱ/Ⅰ were examined in rats and LO2 cells. Moreover, autophagy activator rapamycin and inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and small interfering RNA against Atg7 were utilized to verify the role of autophagy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by KD in oleic acid-induced LO2 cells. Results: Results from network pharmacology indicated that targeted insulin resistance might be the critical mechanism of KD in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. We found that KD significantly suppressed obesity, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C levels and increased serum HDL-C level in high-fat diet-fed rats. Furthermore, KD enhanced insulin sensitivity and attenuated HOMA-IR in high-fat diet-fed rats. Western blot showed that KD could enhance autophagy to increase the insulin sensitivity of high-fat diet-fed rats and oleic acid-induced LO2 cells. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine and small interfering RNA against Atg7 could reverse the protective effect of KD on LO2 cells. However, rapamycin could cooperate with KD to enhance autophagic activation to increase insulin sensitivity in LO2 cells. Conclusion: The induction of autophagy may be the major mechanism for KD to improve insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexue Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xieqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Germic N, Hosseini A, Yousefi S, Karaulov A, Simon HU. Regulation of eosinophil functions by autophagy. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:347-362. [PMID: 34019141 PMCID: PMC8241657 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are granule-containing leukocytes which develop in the bone marrow. For many years, eosinophils have been recognized as cytotoxic effector cells, but recent studies suggest that they perform additional immunomodulatory and homeostatic functions. Autophagy is a conserved intracellular process which preserves cellular homeostasis. Autophagy defects have been linked to the pathogenesis of many human disorders. Evidence for abnormal regulation of autophagy, including decreased or increased expression of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, has been reported in several eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn's disease, bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite the increasing extent of research using preclinical models of immune cell-specific autophagy deficiency, the physiological relevance of autophagic pathway in eosinophils has remained unknown until recently. Owing to the increasing evidence that eosinophils play a role in keeping organismal homeostasis, the regulation of eosinophil functions is of considerable interest. Here, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of autophagy in eosinophils, placing particular emphasis on insights obtained in mouse models of infections and malignant diseases in which autophagy has genetically dismantled in the eosinophil lineage. These studies pointed to the possibility that autophagy-deficient eosinophils exaggerate inflammation. Therefore, the pharmacological modulation of the autophagic pathway in these cells could be used for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aref Hosseini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012, Kazan, Russia.
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24
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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25
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Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components and recycles metabolic substrates. In response to stress signals in the tumour microenvironment, the autophagy pathway is altered in tumour cells and immune cells - thereby differentially affecting tumour progression, immunity and therapy. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of the immunologically associated roles and modes of action of the autophagy pathway in cancer progression and therapy, and discuss potential approaches targeting autophagy to enhance antitumour immunity and improve the efficacy of current cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjun Xia
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Pei S, Huang M, Huang J, Zhu X, Wang H, Romano S, Deng X, Wang Y, Luo Y, Hao S, Xu J, Yu T, Zhu Q, Yuan J, Shen K, Liu Z, Hu G, Peng C, Luo Q, Wen Z, Dai D, Xiao Y. BFAR coordinates TGFβ signaling to modulate Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212036. [PMID: 33914044 PMCID: PMC8091105 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ is essential for the generation of anti-tumor Th9 cells; on the other hand, it causes resistance against anti-tumor immunity. Despite recent progress, the underlying mechanism reconciling the double-edged effect of TGFβ signaling in Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. Here, we find that TGFβ-induced down-regulation of bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) represents the key mechanism preventing the sustained activation of TGFβ signaling and thus impairing Th9 inducibility. Mechanistically, BFAR mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of TGFβR1 at K268, which is critical to activate TGFβ signaling. Thus, BFAR deficiency or K268R knock-in mutation suppresses TGFβR1 ubiquitination and Th9 differentiation, thereby inhibiting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. More interestingly, BFAR-overexpressed Th9 cells exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy to curtail tumor growth and metastasis and promote the sensitivity of anti–PD-1–mediated checkpoint immunotherapy. Thus, our findings establish BFAR as a key TGFβ-regulated gene to fine-tune TGFβ signaling that causes Th9 induction insensitivity, and they highlight the translational potential of BFAR in promoting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Pei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Xiuyu Deng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumeng Hao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfang Dai
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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27
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Abstract
CD4 T cell effector subsets not only profoundly affect cancer progression, but recent evidence also underscores their critical contribution to the anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In 2012, the two seminal studies suggested the superior antimelanoma activity of TH9 cells over other T cell subsets upon adoptive T cell transfer. While these findings provided great impetus to investigate further the unique functions of TH9 cells and explore their relevance in cancer immunotherapy, the following questions still remain outstanding: are TH9 cell anticancer functions restricted to melanoma? What are the factors favouring TH9 cell effector functions? What is the contribution of TH9 cells to cancer immunotherapy treatments? Can TH9 cells be identified in humans and, if so, what is their clinical relevance? By reviewing the studies addressing these questions, we will discuss how TH9 cells could be therapeutically harnessed for cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Benoit-Lizon
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Wang L, Das JK, Kumar A, Peng HY, Ren Y, Xiong X, Yang JM, Song J. Autophagy in T-cell differentiation, survival and memory. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:351-360. [PMID: 33141986 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, autophagy has emerged as a critical regulatory mechanism of the immune system through critically controlling various aspects of T cell biology and determining the fate of different T cell subsets. Autophagy maintains T cell development and survival by regulating the degradation of organelles and apoptotic proteins. The autophagic process also impacts the formation of memory T cells. Alteration of autophagy in T cells may lead to a variety of pathological conditions such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In this review, we discuss how autophagy impacts T cell differentiation, survival and memory, and its implication in immunotherapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Hao-Yun Peng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yijie Ren
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
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29
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Jiang T, Chen X, Ren X, Yang JM, Cheng Y. Emerging role of autophagy in anti-tumor immunity: Implications for the modulation of immunotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 56:100752. [PMID: 33765484 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as CAR-T cell transfer and antibody-targeted therapy have produced promising clinical outcomes in patients with advanced and metastatic cancer that are resistant to conventional therapies. However, with increasing use of cancer immunotherapy in clinical treatment, multiple therapy-resistance mechanisms have gradually emerged. The tumor microenvironment (TME), an integral component of cancer, can significantly influence the therapeutic response. Thus, it is worth exploring the potential of TME in modulating therapy resistance, in the hope to devise novel strategies to reinforcing anti-cancer treatments such as immunotherapy. As a crucial recycling process in the complex TME, the role of autophagy in tumor immunity has been increasingly appreciated. Firstly, autophagy in tumor cells can affect their immune response through modulating MHC-I-antigen complexes, thus modulating immunogenic tumor cell death, changing functions of immune cells via secretory autophagy, reducing the NK- and CTL-mediated cell lysis and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins. Secondly, autophagy is critical for the differentiation, maturation and survival of immune cells in the TME and can significantly affect the immune function of these cells, thereby regulating the anti-tumor immune response. Thirdly, alteration of autophagic activity in stromal cells, especially in fibroblasts, can reconstruct the three-dimensional stromal environment and metabolic reprogramming in the TME. A number of studies have demonstrated that optimal induction or inhibition of autophagy may lead to effective therapeutic regimens when combined with immunotherapy. This review discusses the important roles of autophagy in tumor cells, immune cells and stromal cells in the context of tumor immunity, and the potential of combining the autophagy-based therapy with immunotherapy as novel therapeutic approaches against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xisha Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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30
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Chen J, Ding Y, Huang F, Lan R, Wang Z, Huang W, Chen R, Wu B, Fu L, Yang Y, Liu J, Hong J, Zhang W, Zhang L. Irradiated whole-cell vaccine suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice via Th9 cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 33841570 PMCID: PMC8020379 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with no available satisfactory treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect of an irradiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whole-cell vaccine and its underlying mechanisms. Hepa1-6 and H22 HCC cell lines were irradiated in preparation for whole-cell vaccine production. Subsequently, two HCC tumor-bearing mouse models were created by injecting these Hepa1-6 and H22 cells into the abdominal skin of C57BL/6 and ICR mice, respectively. The mice were immunized with the corresponding whole-cell vaccine the next day, and then once a week until the end of the experimental period. Tumor growth, blood T helper (Th)9 cells and plasma interleukin (IL)-9 levels were monitored during the immunization period. Th9 cells were also induced by in vitro co-culture of the whole-cell vaccine with lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of the corresponding mice. Alterations of gene expression in transcription factor (TF) were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and Th9 cells were detected using flow cytometry. The whole-cell vaccine effectively suppressed HCC tumor growth, as indicated by slower tumor growth and a smaller tumor size in the immunized group compared with the control. The percentage of blood Th9 cells and the concentration of plasma IL-9 were significantly increased in the immunized group. The whole-cell vaccine also induced Th9 cell differentiation and upregulated the expression of TFs PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 4 and basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like. These results suggest that the irradiated HCC whole-cell vaccine inhibited tumor growth by increasing Th9 cell numbers in HCC mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiong Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Weikang Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Lengxi Fu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Radiobiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
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31
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Critical Roles of Balanced T Helper 9 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation and Tumor Immunity. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8816055. [PMID: 33748292 PMCID: PMC7943311 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+T helper (Th) cells are important mediators of immune responses in asthma and cancer. When counteracted by different classes of pathogens, naïve CD4+T cells undergo programmed differentiation into distinct types of Th cells. Th cells orchestrate antigen-specific immune responses upon their clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction with the appropriate peptide antigen presented on MHC class II molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T helper 9 (Th9) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells and their corresponding cytokines have critical roles in tumor and allergic immunity. In the context of asthma and cancer, the dynamic internal microenvironment, along with chronic inflammatory stimuli, influences development, differentiation, and function of Th9 cells and Treg cells. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells might trigger aberrant immune responses, resulting in development and exacerbation of asthma and cancer. In this review, the development, differentiation, and function of Th9 cells and Treg cells, which are synergistically regulated by various factors including cytokine signals, transcriptional factors (TFs), costimulatory signals, microenvironment cues, metabolic pathways, and different signal pathways, will be discussed. In addition, we focus on the recent progress that has helped to achieve a better understanding of the roles of Th9 cells and Treg cells in allergic airway inflammation and tumor immunity. We also discuss how various factors moderate their responses in asthma and cancer. Finally, we summarize the recent findings regarding potential mechanisms for regulating the balance between Th9 and Treg cells in asthma and cancer. These advances provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that are aimed at reestablishing the balance of these cells in the diseases.
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32
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Yamazaki T, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in the cancer-immunity dialogue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:40-50. [PMID: 33301821 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is quintessential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells, explaining why both normal and malignant cells benefit from proficient autophagic responses. Moreover, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of malignant transformation, tumor progression and response to therapy. However, the net effect of autophagy activation or inhibition on the natural growth or therapeutic response of tumors evolving in immunocompetent hosts exhibits a considerable degree of context dependency. Here, we discuss the complex cross-talk between autophagy and immuno-oncology as delineated by genetic and pharmacological approaches in mouse models of cancer.
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33
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Zhou X, Sun SC. Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33436547 PMCID: PMC7804490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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34
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Liu N, Feng Y, Liu H, Wu W, Liang Y, Li P, Wei Z, Wu M, Tang ZH, Han J, Cheng X, Liu Z, Laurence A, Li H, Zhen G, Yang XP. ATP6V0d2 Suppresses Alveoli Macrophage Alternative Polarization and Allergic Asthma via Degradation of PU.1. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:479-497. [PMID: 33733641 PMCID: PMC7984956 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.3.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrophages are important regulators of environmental allergen-induced airway inflammation and asthma. ATP6V0d2 is a subunit of vacuolar ATPase highly expressed in macrophages. However, the functions of ATP6V0d2 in the regulation of pathogenesis of allergic asthma remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the function and related molecular mechanisms of macrophage protein ATP6V0d2 in allergic asthma. METHODS We compared the disease severity between female C57BL/6 wild-type and ATP6V0d2-/- mice in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. We also investigated the association of expression of ATP6V0d2, PU.1 and CCL17 with disease severity among asthmatic patients. RESULTS The expression of ATP6V0d2 in sputum cells of asthmatic patients and in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice was enhanced compared to healthy subjects and their counterparts, respectively. However, ATP6V0d2-deficient mice exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration as well as enhanced alternative activated macrophage (AAM) polarization and mucus production in an OVA-induced asthma model. Furthermore, we found that Atp6v0d2 promoted lysosomal degradation of Pu.1, which induced AAM polarization and Ccl17 production. Among asthma patients, ATP6V0d2 expression was inversely associated with disease severity, whereas PU.1 and CCL17 expression was positively associated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify macrophage Atp6v0d2, as an induced feedback inhibitor of asthma disease severity by promoting Pu.1 lysosomal degradation, which may in turn leads to reduced AAM polarization and Ccl17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Feng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Huicheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxia Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Pingfei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengping Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Hui Tang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Arian Laurence
- University College Hospital, NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye-Ear-Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Zhen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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35
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Alsaleh G, Panse I, Swadling L, Zhang H, Richter FC, Meyer A, Lord J, Barnes E, Klenerman P, Green C, Simon AK. Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses. eLife 2020; 9:e57950. [PMID: 33317695 PMCID: PMC7744099 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools to develop immune memory to infectious diseases and prevent excess mortality. In older adults, however vaccines are generally less efficacious and the molecular mechanisms that underpin this remain largely unknown. Autophagy, a process known to prevent aging, is critical for the maintenance of immune memory in mice. Here, we show that autophagy is specifically induced in vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in healthy human volunteers. In addition, reduced IFNγ secretion by RSV-induced T cells in older vaccinees correlates with low autophagy levels. We demonstrate that levels of the endogenous autophagy-inducing metabolite spermidine fall in human T cells with age. Spermidine supplementation in T cells from old donors recovers their autophagy level and function, similar to young donors' cells, in which spermidine biosynthesis has been inhibited. Finally, our data show that endogenous spermidine maintains autophagy via the translation factor eIF5A and transcription factor TFEB. In summary, we have provided evidence for the importance of autophagy in vaccine immunogenicity in older humans and uncovered two novel drug targets that may increase vaccination efficiency in the aging context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Panse
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Felix Clemens Richter
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alain Meyer
- Fédération de médecine translationnelle Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Janet Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Green
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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36
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Oravecz-Wilson K, Rossi C, Zajac C, Sun Y, Li L, Decoville T, Fujiwara H, Kim S, Peltier D, Reddy P. ATG5-Dependent Autophagy Uncouples T-cell Proliferative and Effector Functions and Separates Graft-versus-Host Disease from Graft-versus-Leukemia. Cancer Res 2020; 81:1063-1075. [PMID: 33277367 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cellular process whose role in T immune cells is poorly understood, specifically, in its regulation of allo-immunity. Stimulation of wild-type T cells in vitro and in vivo with allo-antigens enhances autophagy. To assess the relevance of autophagy to T-cell allo-immunity, we generated T-cell-specific Atg5 knock-out mice. Deficiency of ATG5-dependent autophagy reduced T-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis following in vitro and in vivo allo-stimulation. The absence of ATG5 in allo-stimulated T cells enhanced their ability to release effector cytokines and cytotoxic functions, uncoupling their proliferation and effector functions. Absence of autophagy reduced intracellular degradation of cytotoxic enzymes such as granzyme B, thus enhancing the cytotoxicity of T cells. In several in vivo models of allo-HSCT, ATG5-dependent dissociation of T-cell functions contributed to significant reduction in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) but retained sufficient graft versus tumor (GVT) response. Our findings demonstrate that ATG5-dependent autophagy uncouples T-cell proliferation from its effector functions and offers a potential new strategy to enhance outcomes after allo-HSCT. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that induction of autophagy in donor T-cell promotes GVHD, while inhibition of T-cell autophagy mitigates GVHD without substantial loss of GVL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Oravecz-Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corinne Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cynthia Zajac
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas Decoville
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Peltier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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37
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Mishra M, Thacker G, Sharma A, Singh AK, Upadhyay V, Sanyal S, Verma SP, Tripathi AK, Bhatt MLB, Trivedi AK. FBW7 Inhibits Myeloid Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via GSK3-Dependent Ubiquitination of PU.1. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:261-273. [PMID: 33188146 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase is reported to be overexpressed and hyperactivated in cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) where it promotes self-renewal, growth, and survival of AML cells. Therefore, GSK3β inhibition results in AML cell growth inhibition and myeloid differentiation. Here we identified master transcription factor PU.1 of monocyte-macrophage differentiation pathway as potential GSK3β target. We demonstrate that GSK3β phosphorylates PU.1 at Ser41 and Ser140 leading to its recognition and subsequent ubiquitin-mediated degradation by E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7. This GSK3-dependent degradation of PU.1 by FBW7 inhibited monocyte-macrophage differentiation. We further showed that a phospho-deficient PU.1 mutant (PU.1-S41, S140A) neither bound to FBW7 nor was degraded by it. Consequently, PU.1-S41, S140A retained its transactivation, DNA-binding ability and promoted monocyte-macrophage differentiation of U937 cells even without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment. We further showed that FBW7 overexpression inhibited both PMA as well as M-CSF-induced macrophage differentiation of myeloid cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy volunteers, respectively. Contrarily, FBW7 depletion promoted differentiation of these cells even without any inducer suggesting for a robust role of GSK3β-FBW7 axis in negatively regulating myeloid differentiation. Furthermore, we also recapitulated these findings in PBMCs isolated from patients with leukemia where FBW7 overexpression markedly inhibited endogenous PU.1 protein levels. In addition, PBMCs also showed enhanced differentiation when treated with M-CSF and GSK3 inhibitor (SB216763) together compared with M-CSF treatment alone. IMPLICATIONS: Our data demonstrate a plausible mechanism behind PU.1 restoration and induction of myeloid differentiation upon GSK3β inhibition and further substantiates potential of GSK3β as a therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Mishra
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vishal Upadhyay
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India.,Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences (RMLIMS), UP, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
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38
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Fowler AJ, Hebron M, Balaraman K, Shi W, Missner AA, Greenzaid JD, Chiu TL, Ullman C, Weatherdon E, Duka V, Torres-Yaghi Y, Pagan FL, Liu X, Ressom H, Ahn J, Wolf C, Moussa C. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 is a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2882-2898. [PMID: 32776088 PMCID: PMC7566445 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs) is poorly understood in neurodegeneration. DDRs are upregulated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD), and DDRs knockdown reduces neurotoxic protein levels. Here we show that potent and preferential DDR1 inhibitors reduce neurotoxic protein levels in vitro and in vivo. Partial or complete deletion or inhibition of DDR1 in a mouse model challenged with α-synuclein increases autophagy and reduces inflammation and neurotoxic proteins. Significant changes of cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs that control inflammation, neuronal injury, autophagy and vesicular transport genes are observed in PD with and without dementia and Lewy body dementia, but these changes are attenuated or reversed after treatment with the DDR1 inhibitor, nilotinib. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DDR1 regulates autophagy and reduces neurotoxic proteins and inflammation and is a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Fowler
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Georgetown Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Michaeline Hebron
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University and Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Wangke Shi
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Alexander A Missner
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jonathan D Greenzaid
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Timothy L Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Clementina Ullman
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ethan Weatherdon
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Val Duka
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yasar Torres-Yaghi
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Fernando L Pagan
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Habtom Ressom
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University and Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Li T, Wu B, Yang T, Zhang L, Jin K. The outstanding antitumor capacity of CD4 + T helper lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188439. [PMID: 32980465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, tumor-resident immune cells have been extensively studied to dissect their biological functions and clinical roles. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, because of their cytotoxic and killing ability, have been under the spotlight for a long time, whereas CD4+ T cells are considered just a supporting actor in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Until recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the ability of CD4+ T cells in eradicating solid tumors, and their functions in mediating antitumor immunity have been investigated in various orientations. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of CD4+ T cells in eliciting vigorous antitumor immune responses, summarize key signaling axes and molecular networks behind these antitumor functions, and also propose possible targets and promising strategies which might translate into more efficient immunotherapies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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40
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Camuzard O, Santucci-Darmanin S, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Autophagy in the crosstalk between tumor and microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2020; 490:143-153. [PMID: 32634449 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the major catabolic process in eukaryotic cells for the degradation and recycling of damaged macromolecules and organelles. It plays a crucial role in cell quality control and nutrient supply under stress conditions. Although autophagy is classically described as a degradative mechanism, it can also be involved in some secretion pathways, leading to the extracellular release of proteins, aggregates, or organelles. The role of autophagy in cancer is complex and depends on tumor development stage. While autophagy limits cancer development in the early stages of tumorigenesis, it can also have a protumoral role in more advanced cancers, promoting primary tumor growth and metastatic spread. In addition to its pro-survival role in established tumors, autophagy recently emerged as an active player in the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of tumoral autophagy on the microenvironment and conversely the effect of stromal cell autophagy on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Camuzard
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; Service de Chirurgie Réparatrice et de la Main, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.
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41
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Xiao J, Huang K, Lin H, Xia Z, Zhang J, Li D, Jin J. Mogroside II E Inhibits Digestive Enzymes via Suppression of Interleukin 9/Interleukin 9 Receptor Signalling in Acute Pancreatitis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 32587518 PMCID: PMC7298197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatitis (AP) is increasing and there is no specific treatment available. Intracellular digestive enzyme activation is a key event in the pathogenesis of AP downstream of cytosolic calcium overload and impaired autophagy. Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) was used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to reduce inflammation and facilitate bowel movement. The bioactive components of this plant show hypolipedimic, antidiabetic, antifibrotic activity and have been used against pancreatic cancer. Here, we examined whether mogroside IIE, a major bioactive component of unripe S. grosvenorii fruit, can protect against AP. We found that mogroside IIE decreased the activity of trypsin and cathepsin B induced by cerulein plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J and primary acinar cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mogroside IIE treatment decreased the levels of serum lipase and serum amylase in mice injected with cerulein plus LPS without influencing inflammation significantly. A multi-cytokine array revealed that mogroside IIE decreased the level of interleukin 9 (IL-9) in AP mice. Exogenous IL-9 eliminated the mogroside IIE induced reduction of trypsin and cathepsin B activity and reversed the inhibition of cytosolic calcium and modulation of autophagy mediated by mogroside IIE. An IL-9 receptor antibody neutralized the effect of IL-9, restoring mogroside IIE activity. The mogroside IIE targeted IL-9 may partially arise from Th9 cells. Taken together, we provide experimental evidence that mogroside IIE ameliorates AP in cell models and mice through downregulation of the IL-9/IL-9 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Houmin Lin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Dianpeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sphingolipid Metabolism (Incubated), Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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42
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Chen T, Guo J, Cai Z, Li B, Sun L, Shen Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhou H, Cai Z, Ye Z. Th9 Cell Differentiation and Its Dual Effects in Tumor Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1026. [PMID: 32508847 PMCID: PMC7251969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and characteristics of cancers, the critical role of the immune system in preventing tumor development has been widely accepted. The understanding of the relationship between the immune system and cancer progression is constantly evolving, from the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis to immunoediting theory and the delicate balance in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, immunotherapy is regarded as a promising strategy against cancers. Although adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown some exciting results regarding the rejection of tumors, the effect is not always satisfactory. Cellular therapy with CD4+ T cells remains to be further explored since the current ACT is mainly focused on CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Recently, Th9 cells, a subgroup of CD4+ T helper cells characterized by the secretion of IL-9 and IL-10, have been reported to be effective in the elimination of solid tumors and to exhibit superior antitumor properties to Th1 and Th17 cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the understanding of Th9 cell differentiation and the dual role, both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects, of Th9 cells in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Cai
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Selective Autophagy Maintains the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Levels in HeLa Cells: A Mechanism That Is Dependent on the p23 Co-Chaperone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103449. [PMID: 32414129 PMCID: PMC7279416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensing molecule which impacts diverse cellular functions such as immune responses, cell growth, respiratory function, and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. It is widely accepted that the degradation of AHR by 26S proteasome occurs after ligand activation. Recently, we discovered that HeLa cells can modulate the AHR levels via protein degradation without exogenous treatment of a ligand, and this degradation is particularly apparent when the p23 content is down-regulated. Inhibition of autophagy by a chemical agent (such as chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, or 3-methyladenine) increases the AHR protein levels in HeLa cells whereas activation of autophagy by short-term nutrition deprivation reduces its levels. Treatment of chloroquine retards the degradation of AHR and triggers physical interaction between AHR and LC3B. Knockdown of LC3B suppresses the chloroquine-mediated increase of AHR. Down-regulation of p23 promotes AHR degradation via autophagy with no change of the autophagy-related gene expression. Although most data in this study were derived from HeLa cells, human lung (A549), liver (Hep3B), and breast (T-47D and MDA-MB-468) cells also exhibit AHR levels sensitive to chloroquine treatment and AHR-p62/LC3 interactions. Here we provide evidence supporting that AHR undergoes the p62/LC3-mediated selective autophagy in HeLa cells.
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IL-9 and Th9 Cells in Tumor Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1240:35-46. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Cui G. T H9, T H17, and T H22 Cell Subsets and Their Main Cytokine Products in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1002. [PMID: 31637216 PMCID: PMC6787935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several newly identified T helper (TH) cell subsets, such as TH9, TH17, and TH22 cells, and their respective cytokine products, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22, have been reported to play critical roles in the development of chronic inflammation in the colorectum. Since chronic inflammation is a potent driving force for the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC), the contributions of TH9/IL-9, TH17/IL-17, and TH22/IL-22 in the pathogenesis of CRC have recently become an increasingly popular area of scientific investigation. Extensive laboratory and clinical evidence suggests a positive relationship between these new TH subsets and the growth and formation of CRC, whereas, administration of IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 signaling inhibitors can significantly alter the formation of colorectal chronic inflammation or CRC lesions in animal models, suggesting that blocking these cytokine signals might represent promising immunotherapeutic strategies. This review summarizes recent findings and currently available data for understanding the vital role and therapeutic significance of TH9/IL-9, TH17/IL-17, and TH22/IL-22 in the development of colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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47
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Abstract
Dysregulation of autophagy with age has been identified as a central mechanism of aging affecting many cells and tissues. T cells do also show decreased activity with age of different autophagic pathways. Here, we will review the current knowledge of the different functions that autophagy has in the regulation of T cell homeostasis, differentiation and function and explore how the age-associated decreased in autophagy activity may contribute to the altered T cell responses that characterize T cell immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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48
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Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Behera BP, Mishra SR, Bhutia SK. The emerging, multifaceted role of mitophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:45-58. [PMID: 31351198 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process which selectively eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation. Dysregulated mitophagy results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The role of mitophagy receptors and adaptors including PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, BNIP3L/NIX, and p62/SQSTM1, and the signaling pathways that govern mitophagy are impaired in cancer. Furthermore, the contribution of mitophagy in regulating the metabolic switch may establish a balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for cancer cell survival. Moreover, ROS-driven mitophagy achieves different goals depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. Mitophagy promotes plasticity in the cancer stem cell through the metabolic reconfiguration for better adaption to the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the present review sheds some light on the role of mitophagy in stemness and differentiation during the transition of cell's fate, which could have a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, this review deals with the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy, along with highlighting the dual role of mitophagy in different aspects of cancer, suggesting it as a possible target in the mitophagy-modulated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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49
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Guerrero-Ros I, Clement CC, Reynolds CA, Patel B, Santambrogio L, Cuervo AM, Macian F. The negative effect of lipid challenge on autophagy inhibits T cell responses. Autophagy 2019; 16:223-238. [PMID: 30982401 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1606635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in the immune system that significantly hinder its ability to mount efficient immune responses. Previous studies have reported a dysregulation of immune responses caused by lipid challenge; however, the mechanisms underlying that dysregulation are still not completely understood. Autophagy is an essential catabolic process through which cellular components are degraded by the lysosomal machinery. In T cells, autophagy is an actively regulated process necessary to sustain homeostasis and activation. Here, we report that CD4+ T cell responses are inhibited when cells are challenged with increasing concentrations of fatty acids. Furthermore, analysis of T cells from diet-induced obese mice confirms that high lipid load inhibits activation-induced responses in T cells. We have found that autophagy is inhibited in CD4+ T cells exposed in vitro or in vivo to lipid stress, which causes decreased autophagosome formation and degradation. Supporting that inhibition of autophagy caused by high lipid load is a key mechanism that accounts for the effects on T cell function of lipid stress, we found that ATG7 (autophagy-related 7)-deficient T cells, unable to activate autophagy, did not show additional inhibitory effects on their responses to activation when subjected to lipid challenge. Our results indicate, thus, that increased lipid load can dysregulate autophagy and cause defective T cell responses, and suggest that inhibition of autophagy may underlie some of the characteristic obesity-associated defects in the T cell compartment.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; ATG: autophagy-related; CDKN1B: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; HFD: high-fat diet; IFNG: interferon gamma; IL: interleukin; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MAPK3/ERK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; MAPK8/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; LC3-I: non-conjugated form of MAP1LC3B; LC3-II: phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of MAP1LC3B; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MS: mass spectrometry; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFATC2: nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; OA: oleic acid; PI: propidium iodide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; STAT5A: signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A; TCR: T cell receptor; TH1: T helper cell type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina C Clement
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cara A Reynolds
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bindi Patel
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana M Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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50
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Gao J, Gu J, Pan X, Gan X, Ju Z, Zhang S, Xia Y, Lu L, Wang X. Blockade of miR-142-3p promotes anti-apoptotic and suppressive function by inducing KDM6A-mediated H3K27me3 demethylation in induced regulatory T cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 30988391 PMCID: PMC6465300 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro induced human regulatory T cells (iTregs) have in vivo therapeutic utility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of approximately 22-nucleotide non-coding RNAs that are processed from longer precursors by the RNases Drosha and Dicer. miRNAs regulate post-transcriptional protein expression through messenger RNA destabilization or translational silencing; miR-142-3p regulates natural Treg function through autophagy. We hypothesized that this miRNA may also have an iTreg regulation function. Antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-142-3p improved Foxp3 (forkhead box P3) expression, regulatory function, cytokine expression, and apoptosis of iTregs in vitro, with or without inflammatory cytokine stimulation. miR-142-3p knockdown increased autophagy-related protein 16-1-mediated autophagy. Target prediction and luciferase assay results indicated that miR-142-3p binds directly to lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A), which resulted in demethylation of H3K27me3 and in turn upregulated expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Based on these results, we propose a novel strategy that uses knockdown of miR-142-3p to enhance anti-apoptotic ability and function of iTregs by increasing KDM6A and Bcl-2 expression. This approach might be used as a treatment to control established chronic immune-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Gao
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Xiaojie Gan
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Zheng Ju
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
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