1
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Zhang C, Rittenhouse ST, Tscherbul TV, Sadeghpour HR, Hutzler NR. Sympathetic Cooling and Slowing of Molecules with Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:033001. [PMID: 38307061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We propose to sympathetically slow and cool polar molecules in a cold, low-density beam using laser-cooled Rydberg atoms. The elastic collision cross sections between molecules and Rydberg atoms are large enough to efficiently thermalize the molecules even in a low-density environment. Molecules traveling at 100 m/s can be stopped in under 30 collisions with little inelastic loss. Our method does not require photon scattering from the molecules and can be generically applied to complex species for applications in precision measurement, quantum information science, and controlled chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Seth T Rittenhouse
- Department of Physics, the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Timur V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - H R Sadeghpour
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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2
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Magoni M, Joshi R, Lesanovsky I. Molecular Dynamics in Rydberg Tweezer Arrays: Spin-Phonon Entanglement and Jahn-Teller Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:093002. [PMID: 37721842 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Atoms confined in optical tweezer arrays constitute a platform for the implementation of quantum computers and simulators. State-dependent operations are realized by exploiting electrostatic dipolar interactions that emerge, when two atoms are simultaneously excited to high-lying electronic states, so-called Rydberg states. These interactions also lead to state-dependent mechanical forces, which couple the electronic dynamics of the atoms to their vibrational motion. We explore these vibronic couplings within an artificial molecular system in which Rydberg states are excited under so-called facilitation conditions. This system, which is not necessarily self-bound, undergoes a structural transition between an equilateral triangle and an equal-weighted superposition of distorted triangular states (Jahn-Teller regime) exhibiting spin-phonon entanglement on a micrometer distance. This highlights the potential of Rydberg tweezer arrays for the study of molecular phenomena at exaggerated length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Magoni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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3
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Guttridge A, Ruttley DK, Baldock AC, González-Férez R, Sadeghpour HR, Adams CS, Cornish SL. Observation of Rydberg Blockade Due to the Charge-Dipole Interaction between an Atom and a Polar Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:013401. [PMID: 37478436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate Rydberg blockade due to the charge-dipole interaction between a single Rb atom and a single RbCs molecule confined in optical tweezers. The molecule is formed by magnetoassociation of a Rb+Cs atom pair and subsequently transferred to the rovibrational ground state with an efficiency of 91(1)%. Species-specific tweezers are used to control the separation between the atom and molecule. The charge-dipole interaction causes blockade of the transition to the Rb(52s) Rydberg state, when the atom-molecule separation is set to 310(40) nm. The observed excitation dynamics are in good agreement with simulations using calculated interaction potentials. Our results open up the prospect of a hybrid platform where quantum information is transferred between individually trapped molecules using Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Guttridge
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel K Ruttley
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Archie C Baldock
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario González-Férez
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - H R Sadeghpour
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C S Adams
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Cornish
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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4
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J. Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3925-3939. [PMID: 36977279 PMCID: PMC10184126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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5
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Sola IR, Malinovsky VS, Ahn J, Shin S, Chang BY. Two-qubit atomic gates: spatio-temporal control of Rydberg interaction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4325-4333. [PMID: 36752322 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the temporal and spatial features of light, we propose a novel protocol to prepare two-qubit entangling gates on atoms trapped at close distance, which could potentially speed up the operation of the gate from the sub-micro to the nanosecond scale. The protocol is robust to variations in the pulse areas and the position of the atoms, by virtue of the coherent properties of a dark state, which is used to drive the population through Rydberg states. From the time-domain perspective, the protocol generalizes the one proposed by Jaksch and coworkers [Jaksch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85, 2208], with three pulses that operate symmetrically in time, but with different pulse areas. From the spatial-domain perspective, it uses structured light. We analyze the map of the gate fidelity, which forms rotated and distorted lattices in the solution space. Finally, we study the effect of an additional qubit to the gate performance and propose generalizations that operate with multi-pulse sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio R Sola
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir S Malinovsky
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - Jaewook Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Shin
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Y Chang
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zou YQ, Berngruber M, Anasuri VSV, Zuber N, Meinert F, Löw R, Pfau T. Observation of Vibrational Dynamics of Orientated Rydberg-Atom-Ion Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:023002. [PMID: 36706402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational dynamics in conventional molecules usually takes place on a timescale of picoseconds or shorter. A striking exception are ultralong-range Rydberg molecules, for which dynamics is dramatically slowed down as a consequence of the huge bond length of up to several micrometers. Here, we report on the direct observation of vibrational dynamics of a recently observed Rydberg-atom-ion molecule. By applying a weak external electric field of a few millivolts per centimeter, we are able to control the orientation of the photoassociated ultralong-range Rydberg molecules and induce vibrational dynamics by quenching the electric field. A high resolution ion microscope allows us to detect the molecule's orientation and its temporal vibrational dynamics in real space. Our study opens the door to the control of molecular dynamics in Rydberg molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Quan Zou
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Moritz Berngruber
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Viraatt S V Anasuri
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolas Zuber
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Meinert
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilman Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Experimental Realization of Reconfigurable Photonic Lattices in Coherent Rydberg Atomic Vapors. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated the formation of a one-dimensional electromagnetically induced optical lattice in coherently prepared three-level 85Rb Rydberg atomic vapors with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The one-dimensional photonic lattice was optically induced by a coupling field with a spatially periodical intensity distribution deriving from the interference of two strong Gaussian beams from the same laser source (~480 nm). Under the Rydberg-EIT condition, the incident weak probe beam can feel a tunable spatially modulated susceptibility, which is verified by the controllable discrete diffraction pattern observed at the output plane of the vapor cell. This investigation not only opens the door for experimentally introducing the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms to govern the beam dynamics in photonic lattices based on atomic coherence but also provides an easily accessible periodic environment for exploring Rydberg-atom physics and related applications.
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8
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Bayer T, Wollenhaupt M. Molecular Free Electron Vortices in Photoionization by Polarization-Tailored Ultrashort Laser Pulses. Front Chem 2022; 10:899461. [PMID: 35720990 PMCID: PMC9201240 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.899461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and molecular free electron vortices (FEVs), characterized by their spiral-shaped momentum distribution, have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their varied shapes and their unusual topological properties. Shortly after their theoretical prediction by the single-photon ionization (SPI) of He atoms using pairs of counterrotating circularly polarized attosecond pulses, FEVs have been demonstrated experimentally by the multiphoton ionization (MPI) of alkali atoms using single-color and bichromatic circularly polarized femtosecond pulse sequences. Recently, we reported on the analysis of the experimental results employing a numerical model based on the ab initio solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) for a two-dimensional (2D) atom interacting with a polarization-shaped ultrashort laser field. Here, we apply the 2D TDSE model to study molecular FEVs created by SPI and MPI of a diatomic molecule using polarization-tailored single-color and bichromatic femtosecond pulse sequences. We investigate the influence of the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics on the vortex formation dynamics and discuss the effect of CEP- and rotational averaging on the photoelectron momentum distribution. By analyzing how the molecular structure and dynamics is imprinted in the photoelectron spirals, we explore the potential of molecular FEVs for ultrafast spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Wollenhaupt
- Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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9
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Observation of a molecular bond between ions and Rydberg atoms. Nature 2022; 605:453-456. [PMID: 35585342 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atoms with a highly excited electron, called Rydberg atoms, can form unusual types of molecular bonds1-4. The bonds differ from the well-known ionic and covalent bonds5,6 not only by their binding mechanisms, but also by their bond lengths ranging up to several micrometres. Here we observe a new type of molecular ion based on the interaction between the ionic charge and a flipping-induced dipole of a Rydberg atom with a bond length of several micrometres. We measure the vibrational spectrum and spatially resolve the bond length and the angular alignment of the molecule using a high-resolution ion microscope7. As a consequence of the large bond length, the molecular dynamics is extremely slow. These results pave the way for future studies of spatio-temporal effects in molecular dynamics (for example, beyond Born-Oppenheimer physics).
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10
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Kędziorski A, Patrick Zobel J, Krośnicki M, Koperski J. Rydberg states of ZnAr complex. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2073282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Krośnicki
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Koperski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Geppert P, Althön M, Fichtner D, Ott H. Diffusive-like redistribution in state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3900. [PMID: 34162846 PMCID: PMC8222215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a fundamental goal in quantum chemistry. Such collisions are of particular importance in connection with Rydberg atoms in dense environments since they may considerably influence both the lifetime and the quantum state of the scattered Rydberg atoms. Here, we report on the study of state-changing collisions between Rydberg atoms and ground state atoms. We employ high-resolution momentum spectroscopy to identify the final states. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the outcome of such collisions is not limited to a single hydrogenic manifold. We observe a redistribution of population over a wide range of final states. We also find that even the decay to states with the same angular momentum quantum number as the initial state, but different principal quantum number is possible. We model the underlying physical process in the framework of a short-lived Rydberg quasi-molecular complex, where a charge exchange process gives rise to an oscillating electric field that causes transitions within the Rydberg manifold. The distribution of final states shows a diffusive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Geppert
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Max Althön
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Fichtner
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Herwig Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
We present a novel binding mechanism where a neutral Rydberg atom and an atomic ion form a molecular bound state at a large internuclear distance. The binding mechanism is based on Stark shifts and level crossings that are induced in the Rydberg atom due to the electric field of the ion. At particular internuclear distances between the Rydberg atom and the ion, potential wells occur that can hold atom–ion molecular bound states. Apart from the binding mechanism, we describe important properties of the long-range atom–ion Rydberg molecule, such as its lifetime and decay paths, its vibrational and rotational structure, and its large dipole moment. Furthermore, we discuss methods of how to produce and detect it. The unusual properties of the long-range atom–ion Rydberg molecule give rise to interesting prospects for studies of wave packet dynamics in engineered potential energy landscapes.
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13
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González-Férez R, Shertzer J, Sadeghpour HR. Ultralong-Range Rydberg Bimolecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:043401. [PMID: 33576643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict that ultralong-range Rydberg bimolecules form in collisions between polar molecules in cold and ultracold settings. The interaction of Λ-doublet nitric oxide (NO) with long-lived Rydberg NO(nf, ng) molecules forms ultralong-range Rydberg bimolecules with GHz energies and kilo-Debye permanent electric dipole moments. The Hamiltonian includes both the anisotropic charge-molecular dipole interaction and the electron-NO scattering. The rotational constant for the Rydberg bimolecules is in the MHz range, allowing for microwave spectroscopy of rotational transitions in Rydberg bimolecules. Considerable orientation of NO dipole can be achieved. The Rydberg molecules described here hold promise for studies of a special class of long-range bimolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario González-Férez
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Janine Shertzer
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA
- Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
| | - H R Sadeghpour
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA
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14
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Peper M, Deiglmayr J. Heteronuclear Long-Range Rydberg Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:013001. [PMID: 33480774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the formation of homonuclear Cs_{2}, K_{2}, and heteronuclear CsK long-range Rydberg molecules in a dual-species magneto-optical trap for ^{39}K and ^{133}Cs by one-photon UV photoassociation. The different ground-state-density dependence of homo- and heteronuclear photoassociation rates and the detection of stable molecular ions resulting from autoionization provide an unambiguous assignment. We perform bound-bound millimeter-wave spectroscopy of long-range Rydberg molecules to access molecular states not accessible by one-photon photoassociation. Calculations based on the most recent theoretical model and atomic parameters do not reproduce the full set of data from homo- and heteronuclear long-range Rydberg molecules consistently. This shows that photoassociation and millimeter-wave spectroscopy of heteronuclear long-range Rydberg molecules provide a benchmark for the development of theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peper
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Deiglmayr
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Geoscience, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Bai Z, Adams CS, Huang G, Li W. Self-Induced Transparency in Warm and Strongly Interacting Rydberg Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263605. [PMID: 33449776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study dispersive optical nonlinearities of short pulses propagating in high number density, warm atomic vapors where the laser resonantly excites atoms to Rydberg P states via a single-photon transition. Three different regimes of the light-atom interaction, dominated by either Doppler broadening, Rydberg atom interactions, or decay due to thermal collisions between ground state and Rydberg atoms, are found. We show that using fast Rabi flopping and strong Rydberg atom interactions, both in the order of gigahertz, can overcome the Doppler effect as well as collisional decay, leading to a sizable dispersive optical nonlinearity on nanosecond timescales. In this regime, self-induced transparency (SIT) emerges when areas of the nanosecond pulse are determined primarily by the Rydberg atom interaction, rather than the area theorem of interaction-free SIT. We identify, both numerically and analytically, the condition to realize Rydberg SIT. Our study contributes to efforts in achieving quantum information processing using glass cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Adams
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) DurhamNewcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Guoxiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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16
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Giannakeas P, Eiles MT, Robicheaux F, Rost JM. Dressed Ion-Pair States of an Ultralong-Range Rydberg Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:123401. [PMID: 33016746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We predict the existence of a universal class of ultralong-range Rydberg molecular states whose vibrational spectra form trimmed Rydberg series. A dressed ion-pair model captures the physical origin of these exotic molecules, accurately predicts their properties, and reveals features of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules and heavy Rydberg states with a surprisingly small Rydberg constant. The latter is determined by the small effective charge of the dressed anion, which outweighs the contribution of the molecule's large reduced mass. This renders these molecules the only known few-body systems to have a Rydberg constant smaller than R_{∞}/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giannakeas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Street 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthew T Eiles
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Street 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jan M Rost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Street 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Mizoguchi M, Zhang Y, Kunimi M, Tanaka A, Takeda S, Takei N, Bharti V, Koyasu K, Kishimoto T, Jaksch D, Glaetzle A, Kiffner M, Masella G, Pupillo G, Weidemüller M, Ohmori K. Ultrafast Creation of Overlapping Rydberg Electrons in an Atomic BEC and Mott-Insulator Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253201. [PMID: 32639753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study an array of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice (Mott insulator) excited with a coherent ultrashort laser pulse to a state where single-electron wave functions spatially overlap. Beyond a threshold principal quantum number where Rydberg orbitals of neighboring lattice sites overlap with each other, the atoms efficiently undergo spontaneous Penning ionization resulting in a drastic change of ion-counting statistics, sharp increase of avalanche ionization, and the formation of an ultracold plasma. These observations signal the actual creation of electronic states with overlapping wave functions, which is further confirmed by a significant difference in ionization dynamics between a Bose-Einstein condensate and a Mott insulator. This system is a promising platform for simulating electronic many-body phenomena dominated by Coulomb interactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizoguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - M Kunimi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - A Tanaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - N Takei
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - V Bharti
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - K Koyasu
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Kishimoto
- Department of Engineering Science and Institute for Advanced Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - D Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - A Glaetzle
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - M Kiffner
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - G Masella
- icFRC and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Pupillo
- icFRC and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - K Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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18
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Chervinskaya AS, Dorofeev DL, Elfimov SV, Zon BA. Optimisation of the dipole-Coulomb approximation for high- l Rydberg states of polar molecules. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1659433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitrii L. Dorofeev
- Mathematical Physics Department, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Elfimov
- Mathematical Physics Department, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Boris A. Zon
- Mathematical Physics Department, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fey
- Fachbereich Physik, Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany
| | - Frederic Hummel
- Fachbereich Physik, Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmelcher
- Fachbereich Physik, Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Engel F, Dieterle T, Hummel F, Fey C, Schmelcher P, Löw R, Pfau T, Meinert F. Precision Spectroscopy of Negative-Ion Resonances in Ultralong-Range Rydberg Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:073003. [PMID: 31491092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The level structure of negative ions near the electron detachment limit dictates the low-energy scattering of an electron with the parent neutral atom. We demonstrate that a single ultracold atom bound inside a Rydberg orbit forming an ultralong-range Rydberg molecule provides an atomic-scale system that is highly sensitive to electron-neutral scattering and thus allows for detailed insights into the underlying near-threshold anion states. Our measurements reveal the so-far unobserved fine structure of the ^{3}P_{J} triplet of Rb^{-} and allows us to extract parameters of the associated p-wave scattering resonances that deviate from previous theoretical estimates. Moreover, we observe a novel alignment mechanism for Rydberg molecules mediated by spin-orbit coupling in the negative ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Engel
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Dieterle
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Hummel
- Zentrum für optische Quantentechnologien, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Fey
- Zentrum für optische Quantentechnologien, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Schmelcher
- Zentrum für optische Quantentechnologien, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Meinert
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J, Rui J, Rubio-Abadal A, Walther V, Pohl T, Stamper-Kurn DM, Bloch I, Gross C. Quantum gas microscopy of Rydberg macrodimers. Science 2019; 364:664-667. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jun Rui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Walther
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Atoms and molecules in highly excited (Rydberg) states have a number of unique characteristics due to the strong dependence of their properties on the values of principal quantum numbers. The paper discusses the results of an investigation of collisional Rydberg complexes specific features, resulting in the development of dynamic chaos and the accompanying diffusion autoionization processes. It is shown (experiment and theory) that, in subthermal low energies, the global chaotic regime that evolved in quasimolecular systems leads to significant changes in the Rydberg gases radiation/ionization kinetics. The effect of Förster resonance on the width of the fluorescence spectra and stochastic ionization processes in Rydberg systems is also discussed.
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