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Li BY, Dickerson CE, Shin AJ, Zhao C, Shen Y, He Y, Diaconescu PL, Alexandrova AN, Caram JR. Elucidating ultranarrow 2F 7/2 to 2F 5/2 absorption in ytterbium(iii) complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12451-12458. [PMID: 39118624 PMCID: PMC11304733 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02944e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving ultranarrow absorption linewidths in the condensed phase enables optical state preparation of specific non-thermal states, a prerequisite for quantum-enabled technologies. The 4f orbitals of lanthanide(iii) complexes are often referred to as "atom-like," reflecting their isolated nature, and are promising substrates for the optical preparation of specific quantum states. To better understand the photophysical properties of 4f states and assess their potential for quantum applications, theoretical building blocks are required for rapid screening. In this study, an atomic-level perturbative calculation (i.e., spin-orbit crystal field, SOCF) is applied to various Yb(iii) complexes to investigate their linear absorption and emission through a fitting mechanism of their experimentally determined transition energies and oscillator strengths. In particular, the optical properties of (thiolfan)YbCl(THF) (thiolfan = 1,1'-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiomethylenephenoxy)ferrocene), a recently reported complex with an ultranarrow optical linewidth, are computed and compared to those of other Yb(iii) compounds. Through a transition energy sampling study, major contributors to the optical linewidth are identified. We observe particularly isolated f-f transitions and narrow linewidths, which we attribute to two distinct factors. Firstly, the ultra-high atomic similarity of the orbitals involved in the optical transition, along with the presence of an anisotropic crystal field, collectively contribute to the observed narrow transitions. Secondly, we note highly correlated excited-ground energy fluctuations that serve to greatly suppress inhomogeneous line-broadening. This article illustrates how SOCF can be used as a low-cost method to probe the influence of crystal field environment on the optical properties of Yb(iii) complexes to assist the development of novel lanthanide series quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Y Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Claire E Dickerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Ashley J Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Changling Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Yongjia He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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2
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Rehbehn NH, Rosner MK, Berengut JC, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Gu MF, López-Urrutia JRC. Narrow and Ultranarrow Transitions in Highly Charged Xe Ions as Probes of Fifth Forces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:161803. [PMID: 37925712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.161803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency metrology in atoms and ions can probe hypothetical fifth forces between electrons and neutrons by sensing minute perturbations of the electronic wave function induced by them. A generalized King plot has been proposed to distinguish them from possible standard model effects arising from, e.g., finite nuclear size and electronic correlations. Additional isotopes and transitions are required for this approach. Xenon is an excellent candidate, with seven stable isotopes with zero nuclear spin, however it has no known visible ground-state transitions for high resolution spectroscopy. To address this, we have found and measured twelve magnetic-dipole lines in its highly charged ions and theoretically studied their sensitivity to fifth forces as well as the suppression of spurious higher-order standard model effects. Moreover, we identified at 764.8753(16) nm a E2-type ground-state transition with 500 s excited state lifetime as a potential clock candidate further enhancing our proposed scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian C Berengut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Piet O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming Feng Gu
- Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Optical Lines of Ru21+ to Ru24+ Ions. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report a spectroscopy measurement of Ru21+ to Ru24+ ions in the optical region using a low energy electron beam ion trap. Twelve lines were observed. The multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods were used to calculate the atomic level energies and the transition rates. With the assistance of the theoretical results, eleven magnetic dipole lines were identified. The experimental results provide new reference data for further theoretical investigations of the complex ions.
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King SA, Spieß LJ, Micke P, Wilzewski A, Leopold T, Benkler E, Lange R, Huntemann N, Surzhykov A, Yerokhin VA, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Schmidt PO. An optical atomic clock based on a highly charged ion. Nature 2022; 611:43-47. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lange R, Peshkov AA, Huntemann N, Tamm C, Surzhykov A, Peik E. Lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} Level in Yb^{+} for Spontaneous Emission of Electric Octupole Radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:213001. [PMID: 34860090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the radiative lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} level of ^{171}Yb^{+} that is coupled to the ^{2}S_{1/2} ground state via an electric octupole transition. The radiative lifetime is determined to be 4.98(25)×10^{7} s, corresponding to 1.58(8) yr. The result reduces the relative uncertainty in this exceptionally long excited state lifetime by 1 order of magnitude with respect to previous experimental estimates. Our method is based on the coherent excitation of the corresponding transition and avoids limitations through competing decay processes. The explicit dependence on the laser intensity is eliminated by simultaneously measuring the resonant Rabi frequency and the induced quadratic Stark shift. Combining the result with information on the dynamic differential polarizability permits a calculation of the transition matrix element to infer the radiative lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lange
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A A Peshkov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N Huntemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Chr Tamm
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Surzhykov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Peik
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Stark J, Warnecke C, Bogen S, Chen S, Dijck EA, Kühn S, Rosner MK, Graf A, Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Liebert D, Spieß LJ, King SA, Leopold T, Micke P, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An ultralow-noise superconducting radio-frequency ion trap for frequency metrology with highly charged ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083203. [PMID: 34470420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrastable superconducting radio-frequency (RF) ion trap realized as a combination of an RF cavity and a linear Paul trap. Its RF quadrupole mode at 34.52 MHz reaches a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.3 × 105 at a temperature of 4.1 K and is used to radially confine ions in an ultralow-noise pseudopotential. This concept is expected to strongly suppress motional heating rates and related frequency shifts that limit the ultimate accuracy achieved in advanced ion traps for frequency metrology. Running with its low-vibration cryogenic cooling system, electron-beam ion trap, and deceleration beamline supplying highly charged ions (HCIs), the superconducting trap offers ideal conditions for optical frequency metrology with ionic species. We report its proof-of-principle operation as a quadrupole-mass filter with HCIs and trapping of Doppler-cooled 9Be+ Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bogen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Dijck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Liebert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Beloy K, Dzuba VA, Brewer SM. Quadruply Ionized Barium as a Candidate for a High-Accuracy Optical Clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:173002. [PMID: 33156679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We identify Ba^{4+} (Te-like) as a promising candidate for a high-accuracy optical clock. The lowest-lying electronic states are part of a ^{3}P_{J} fine structure manifold with anomalous energy ordering, being nonmonotonic in J. We propose a clock based on the 338.8 THz electric quadrupole transition between the ground (^{3}P_{2}) and first-excited (^{3}P_{0}) electronic states. We perform relativistic many-body calculations to determine relevant properties of this ion. The lifetime of the excited clock state is found to be several seconds, accommodating low statistical uncertainty with a single ion for practical averaging times. The differential static scalar polarizability is found to be small and negative, providing suppressed sensitivity to blackbody radiation while simultaneously allowing cancellation of Stark and excess micromotion shifts. With the exception of Hg^{+} and Yb^{+}, sensitivity to variation of the fine structure constant is greater than other optical clocks thus far demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - S M Brewer
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Lyu C, Cavaletto SM, Keitel CH, Harman Z. Interrogating the Temporal Coherence of EUV Frequency Combs with Highly Charged Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:093201. [PMID: 32915594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A scheme to infer the temporal coherence of EUV frequency combs generated from intracavity high-order harmonic generation is put forward. The excitation dynamics of highly charged Mg-like ions, which interact with EUV pulse trains featuring different carrier-envelope-phase fluctuations, are simulated. While demonstrating the microscopic origin of the macroscopic equivalence between excitations induced by pulse trains and continuous-wave lasers, we show that the coherence time of the pulse train can be determined from the spectrum of the excitations. The scheme will provide a verification of the comb temporal coherence at timescales several orders of magnitude longer than current state of the art, and at the same time will enable high-precision spectroscopy of EUV transitions with a relative accuracy up to δω/ω∼10^{-17}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Lyu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Bilous PV, Bekker H, Berengut JC, Seiferle B, von der Wense L, Thirolf PG, Pfeifer T, López-Urrutia JRC, Pálffy A. Electronic Bridge Excitation in Highly Charged ^{229}Th Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:192502. [PMID: 32469560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.192502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excitation of the 8 eV ^{229m}Th isomer through the electronic bridge mechanism in highly charged ions is investigated theoretically. By exploiting the rich level scheme of open 4f orbitals and the robustness of highly charged ions against photoionization, a pulsed high-intensity optical laser can be used to efficiently drive the nuclear transition by coupling it to the electronic shell. We show how to implement a promising electronic bridge scheme in an electron beam ion trap starting from a metastable electronic state. This setup would avoid the need for a tunable vacuum ultraviolet laser. Based on our theoretical predictions, determining the isomer energy with an uncertainty of 10^{-5} eV could be achieved in one day of measurement time using realistic laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo V Bilous
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bekker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Julian C Berengut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benedict Seiferle
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lars von der Wense
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter G Thirolf
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Adriana Pálffy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cheung C, Safronova MS, Porsev SG, Kozlov MG, Tupitsyn II, Bondarev AI. Accurate Prediction of Clock Transitions in a Highly Charged Ion with Complex Electronic Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:163001. [PMID: 32383935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a broadly applicable approach that drastically increases the ability to predict the properties of complex atoms accurately. We apply it to the case of Ir^{17+}, which is of particular interest for the development of novel atomic clocks with a high sensitivity to the variation of the fine-structure constant and to dark matter searches. In general, clock transitions are weak and very difficult to identify without accurate theoretical predictions. In the case of Ir^{17+}, even stronger electric-dipole (E1) transitions have eluded observation despite years of effort, raising the possibility that the theoretical predictions are grossly wrong. In this work, we provide accurate predictions of the transition wavelengths and E1 transition rates for Ir^{17+}. Our results explain the lack of observations of the E1 transitions and provide a pathway toward the detection of clock transitions. The computational advances we demonstrate in this work are widely applicable to most elements in the periodic table and will allow us to solve numerous problems in atomic physics, astrophysics, and plasma physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - M G Kozlov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Prof. Popov Street 5, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaja 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - A I Bondarev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaja 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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