1
|
He PL, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Nondipole Time Delay and Double-Slit Interference in Tunneling Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:183201. [PMID: 35594091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently two-center interference in single-photon molecular ionization was employed to observe a zeptosecond time delay due to the photon propagation of the internuclear distance in a molecule [Grundmann et al., Science 370, 339 (2020)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.abb9318]. We investigate the possibility of a comparable nondipole time delay in tunneling ionization and decode the emerged time delay signal. With the here newly developed Coulomb-corrected nondipole molecular strong-field approximation, we derive and analyze the photoelectron momentum distribution, the signature of nondipole effects, and the role of the degeneracy of the molecular orbitals. We show that the ejected electron momentum shifts and interference fringes efficiently imprint both the molecule structure and laser parameters. The corresponding nondipole time delay value significantly deviates from that in single-photon ionization. In particular, when the two-center interference in the molecule is destructive, the time delay is independent of the bond length. We also identify the double-slit interference in tunneling ionization of atoms with nonzero angular momentum via a nondipole momentum shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin K, Chen X, Eckart S, Jiang H, Hartung A, Trabert D, Fehre K, Rist J, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Kunitski M, He F, Dörner R. Magnetic-Field Effect as a Tool to Investigate Electron Correlation in Strong-Field Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:113201. [PMID: 35363023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the magnetic component of the driving electromagnetic field is often neglected when investigating light-matter interaction. We show that the magnetic component of the light field plays an important role in nonsequential double ionization, which serves as a powerful tool to investigate electron correlation. We investigate the magnetic-field effects in double ionization of xenon atoms driven by near-infrared ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses and find that the mean forward shift of the electron momentum distribution in light-propagation direction agrees well with the classical prediction, where no under-barrier or recollisional nondipole enhancement is observed. By extending classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations beyond the dipole approximation, we reveal that double ionization proceeds via recollision-induced doubly excited states, followed by subsequent sequential over-barrier field ionization of the two electrons. In agreement with this model, the binding energies do not lead to an additional nondipole forward shift of the electrons. Our findings provide a new method to study electron correlation by exploiting the effect of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Baoshan Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Sebastian Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alexander Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Daniel Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Kilian Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Jonas Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | | | - Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu K, Guo Z, Cao T, Liu S, Liu Z, Li Z, Xu Q, Chen K, Peng J. Study on the polarization dependence of nonlinear absorption of ultrafast laser pulses in bulk fused silica. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8949-8958. [PMID: 35299335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By studying the nonlinear absorption of ultrafast laser pulses in fused silica, we examine, both with experiments and numerical simulations, the different polarization dependence of multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization. Results show multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization play different roles in femtosecond and picosecond laser micromachining, and the contribution via avalanche ionization increases with pulse duration. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of the free carriers generated by circularly polarized pulses is more concentrated than those generated by linear polarization for picosecond laser pulses. These properties make the circular polarized ultrafast laser a possible way to improve the ultrafast laser micromachining efficiency and spatial quality, and can help to reduce some problematic nonlinear effects in ultrafast laser micromachining of low energy band materials.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin K, Brennecke S, Ni H, Chen X, Hartung A, Trabert D, Fehre K, Rist J, Tong XM, Burgdörfer J, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Kunitski M, He F, Lein M, Eckart S, Dörner R. Magnetic-Field Effect in High-Order Above-Threshold Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:023201. [PMID: 35089761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the influence of the magnetic component of an electromagnetic field on high-order above-threshold ionization of xenon atoms driven by ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses. The nondipole shift of the electron momentum distribution along the light-propagation direction for high energy electrons beyond the 2U_{p} classical cutoff is found to be vastly different from that below this cutoff, where U_{p} is the ponderomotive potential of the driving laser field. A local minimum structure in the momentum dependence of the nondipole shift above the cutoff is identified for the first time. With the help of classical and quantum-orbit analysis, we show that large-angle rescattering of the electrons strongly alters the partitioning of the photon momentum between electron and ion. The sensitivity of the observed nondipole shift to the electronic structure of the target atom is confirmed by three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation simulations for different model potentials. Our work paves the way toward understanding the physics of extreme light-matter interactions at long wavelengths and high electron kinetic energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Simon Brennecke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alexander Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Daniel Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Kilian Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Jonas Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Xiao-Min Tong
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Joachim Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Lothar Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeannin M, Manceau JM, Colombelli R. Unified Description of Saturation and Bistability of Intersubband Transitions in the Weak and Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regimes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:187401. [PMID: 34767424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.187401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a unified description of intersubband absorption saturation for quantum wells inserted in a resonator, both in the weak and strong light-matter coupling regimes. We demonstrate how absorption saturation can be engineered. In particular, we show that the saturation intensity increases linearly with the doping in the strong coupling regime, while it remains doping independent in weak coupling. Hence, countering intuition, the most suitable region to exploit low saturation intensities is not the ultrastrong coupling regime, but is instead at the onset of the strong light-matter coupling. We further derive explicit conditions for the emergence of bistability. This Letter sets the path toward, as yet, nonexistent ultrafast midinfrared semiconductor saturable absorption mirrors (SESAMs) and bistable systems. As an example, we show how to design a midinfrared SESAM with a 3 orders of magnitude reduction in saturation intensity, down to ≈5 kW cm^{-2}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Jeannin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Michel Manceau
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Raffaele Colombelli
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ni H, Brennecke S, Gao X, He PL, Donsa S, Březinová I, He F, Wu J, Lein M, Tong XM, Burgdörfer J. Theory of Subcycle Linear Momentum Transfer in Strong-Field Tunneling Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073202. [PMID: 32857561 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of a strong laser pulse with matter transfers not only energy but also linear momentum of the photons. Recent experimental advances have made it possible to detect the small amount of linear momentum delivered to the photoelectrons in strong-field ionization of atoms. We present numerical simulations as well as an analytical description of the subcycle phase (or time) resolved momentum transfer to an atom accessible by an attoclock protocol. We show that the light-field-induced momentum transfer is remarkably sensitive to properties of the ultrashort laser pulse such as its carrier-envelope phase and ellipticity. Moreover, we show that the subcycle-resolved linear momentum transfer can provide novel insights into the interplay between nonadiabatic and nondipole effects in strong-field ionization. This work paves the way towards the investigation of the so-far unexplored time-resolved nondipole nonadiabatic tunneling dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Simon Brennecke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany, European Union
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Pei-Lun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Stefan Donsa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Iva Březinová
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany, European Union
| | - Xiao-Min Tong
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Joachim Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria, European Union
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng Y, Zeng Z, Komm P, Zheng Y, Helml W, Xie X, Filus Z, Dumergue M, Flender R, Kurucz M, Haizer L, Kiss B, Kahaly S, Li R, Marcus G. Laser-induced inner-shell excitations through direct electron re-collision versus indirect collision. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:23251-23265. [PMID: 32752324 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics and the decay processes of inner-shell excited atoms are of great interest in physics, chemistry, biology, and technology. The highly excited state decays very quickly through different channels, both radiative and non-radiative. It is therefore a long-standing goal to study such dynamics directly in the time domain. Using few-cycle infrared laser pulses, we investigated the excitation and ionization of inner-shell electrons through laser-induced electron re-collision with the original parent ions and measured the dependence of the emitted x-ray spectra on the intensity and ellipticity of the driving laser. These directly re-colliding electrons can be used as the initiating pump step in pump/probe experiments for studying core-hole dynamics at their natural temporal scale. In our experiment we found that the dependence of the x-ray emission spectrum on the laser intensity and polarization state varies distinctly for the two kinds of atomic systems. Relying on our data and numerical simulations, we explain this behavior by the presence of different excitation mechanisms that are contributing in different ratios to the respective overall x-ray emission yields. Direct re-collision excitation competes with indirect collisions with neighboring atoms by electrons having "drifted away" from the original parent ion.
Collapse
|
8
|
Eicke N, Brennecke S, Lein M. Attosecond-Scale Streaking Methods for Strong-Field Ionization by Tailored Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043202. [PMID: 32058760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streaking with a weak probe field is applied to ionization in a two-dimensional strong field tailored to mimic linear polarization, but without disturbance by recollision or intracycle interference. This facilitates the observation of electron-momentum-resolved times of ionization with few-attosecond precision, as demonstrated by simulations for a model helium atom. Aligning the probe field along the ionizing field provides meaningful ionization times in agreement with the attoclock concept that ionization at maximum field corresponds to the peak of the momentum distribution, which is shifted due to the Coulomb force on the outgoing electron. In contrast, this attoclock shift is invisible in orthogonal streaking. Even without a probe field, streaking happens naturally along the laser propagation direction due to the laser magnetic field. As with an orthogonal probe field, the attoclock shift is not accessible by the magnetic-field scheme. For a polar molecule, the attoclock shift depends on orientation, but this does not imply an orientation dependence in ionization time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Eicke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Brennecke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|