1
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Wang H, Zhou H, Zhang L, Chen Z. Ex Situ Production and Storage of Exciton-Polariton Vortices in Higher-Order Topological Corner Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:096901. [PMID: 39270179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.096901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for producing and manipulating quantized exciton-polariton vortices in the higher-order topological corner modes of a two-dimensional array of micropillars. By nonresonantly exciting p-orbital condensates with different orientations at two input corners, polariton vortices carrying the required topological charges can be controllably created at output corners away from the pumping spots. Besides, polariton vortices formed at input corners can be copied to the output corners through the topological edge states. Our scheme provides topological double insurance for intrinsic binary information memory and holds potential applications in remote information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long Zhang
- Department of physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Li C, Kartashov YV. Stable Vortex Solitons Sustained by Localized Gain in a Cubic Medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213802. [PMID: 38856259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We propose a simple dissipative system with purely cubic defocusing nonlinearity and nonuniform linear gain that can support stable localized dissipative vortex solitons with high topological charges without the utilization of competing nonlinearities and nonlinear gain or losses. Localization of such solitons is achieved due to an intriguing mechanism when defocusing nonlinearity stimulates energy flow from the ringlike region with linear gain to the periphery of the medium where energy is absorbed due to linear background losses. Vortex solitons bifurcate from linear gain-guided vortical modes with eigenvalues depending on topological charges that become purely real only at specific gain amplitudes. Increasing gain amplitude leads to transverse expansion of vortex solitons, but simultaneously it usually also leads to stability enhancement. Increasing background losses allows creation of stable vortex solitons with high topological charges that are usually prone to instabilities in conservative and dissipative systems. Propagation of the perturbed unstable vortex solitons in this system reveals unusual dynamical regimes, when instead of decay or breakup, the initial state transforms into stable vortex solitons with lower or sometimes even with higher topological charge. Our results suggest an efficient mechanism for the formation of nonlinear excited vortex-carrying states with suppressed destructive azimuthal modulational instabilities in a simple setting relevant to a wide class of systems, including polaritonic systems, structured microcavities, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Ricco LS, Shelykh IA, Kavokin A. Qubit gate operations in elliptically trapped polariton condensates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4211. [PMID: 38378989 PMCID: PMC10879284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We consider bosonic condensates of exciton-polaritons optically confined in elliptical traps. A superposition of two non-degenerated p-type states of the condensate oriented along the two main axes of the trap is represented by a point on a Bloch sphere, being considered as an optically tunable qubit. We describe a set of universal single-qubit gates resulting in a controllable shift of the Bloch vector by means of an auxiliary laser beam. Moreover, we consider interaction mechanisms between two neighboring traps that enable designing two-qubit operations such as CPHASE and CNOT gates. Both the single- and two-qubit gates are analyzed in the presence of error sources in the context of polariton traps, such as pure dephasing and spontaneous relaxation mechanisms, leading to a fidelity reduction of the final qubit states and quantum concurrence, as well as the increase of Von Neumann entropy. We also discuss the applicability of our qubit proposal in the context of DiVincenzo's criteria for the realization of local quantum computing processes. Altogether, the developed set of quantum operations would pave the way to the realization of a variety of quantum algorithms in a planar microcavity with a set of optically induced elliptical traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo IC, Bolshoy Bulvar 30 bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Abrikosov Center for Theoretical Physics, MIPT, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141707, Russia
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
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4
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Zhai X, Ma X, Gao Y, Xing C, Gao M, Dai H, Wang X, Pan A, Schumacher S, Gao T. Electrically Controlling Vortices in a Neutral Exciton-Polariton Condensate at Room Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:136901. [PMID: 37831991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating bosonic condensates with electric fields is very challenging as the electric fields do not directly interact with the neutral particles of the condensate. Here we demonstrate a simple electric method to tune the vorticity of exciton-polariton condensates in a strong coupling liquid crystal (LC) microcavity with CsPbBr_{3} microplates as active material at room temperature. In such a microcavity, the LC molecular director can be electrically modulated giving control over the polariton condensation in different modes. For isotropic nonresonant optical pumping we demonstrate the spontaneous formation of vortices with topological charges of +1, +2, -2, and -1. The topological vortex charge is controlled by a voltage in the range of 1 to 10 V applied to the microcavity sample. This control is achieved by the interplay of a built-in potential gradient, the anisotropy of the optically active perovskite microplates, and the electrically controllable LC molecular director in our system with intentionally broken rotational symmetry. Besides the fundamental interest in the achieved electric polariton vortex control at room temperature, our work paves the way to micron-sized emitters with electric control over the emitted light's phase profile and quantized orbital angular momentum for information processing and integration into photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhai
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunzi Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meini Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Tingge Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Schneider C, Klembt S, Höfling S, Tarucha S, Fraser MD. Optically Driven Rotation of Exciton-Polariton Condensates. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4564-4571. [PMID: 37129463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rotational response of quantum condensed fluids is strikingly distinct from rotating classical fluids, especially notable for the excitation and ordering of quantized vortex ensembles. Although widely studied in conservative systems, the dynamics of rotating open-dissipative superfluids such as exciton-polariton condensates remains largely unexplored, as it requires high-frequency rotation while avoiding resonantly driving the condensate. We create a rotating polariton condensate at gigahertz frequencies by off-resonantly pumping with a rotating optical stirrer composed of the time-dependent interference of two frequency-offset, structured laser modes. Acquisition of angular momentum exceeding the critical 1ℏ/particle is directly measured, accompanied by the deterministic nucleation and capture of quantized vortices with a handedness controlled by the pump rotation direction. The demonstration of controlled optical rotation of a spontaneously formed polariton condensate enables new opportunities for the study of open dissipative superfluidity, ordering of non-Hermitian quantized vortex matter, and topological states in a highly nonlinear, photonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Del Valle-Inclan Redondo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories (PHI Lab), NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-Research Center for Complex Material System, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-Research Center for Complex Material System, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Seigo Tarucha
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michael D Fraser
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories (PHI Lab), NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
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6
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Lüders C, Pukrop M, Barkhausen F, Rozas E, Schneider C, Höfling S, Sperling J, Schumacher S, Aßmann M. Tracking Quantum Coherence in Polariton Condensates with Time-Resolved Tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:113601. [PMID: 37001069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-term quantum coherence constitutes one of the main challenges when engineering quantum devices. However, easily accessible means to quantify complex decoherence mechanisms are not readily available, nor are sufficiently stable systems. We harness novel phase-space methods-expressed through non-Gaussian convolutions of highly singular Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobabilities-to dynamically monitor quantum coherence in polariton condensates with significantly enhanced coherence times. Via intensity- and time-resolved reconstructions of such phase-space functions from homodyne detection data, we probe the systems' resourcefulness for quantum information processing up to the nanosecond regime. Our experimental findings are confirmed through numerical simulations, for which we develop an approach that renders established algorithms compatible with our methodology. In contrast to commonly applied phase-space functions, our distributions can be directly sampled from measured data, including uncertainties, and yield a simple operational measure of quantum coherence via the distribution's variance in phase. Therefore, we present a broadly applicable framework and a platform to explore time-dependent quantum phenomena and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lüders
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Pukrop
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Franziska Barkhausen
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Elena Rozas
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sperling
- Theoretical Quantum Science, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Marc Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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7
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De J, Ma X, Yin F, Ren J, Yao J, Schumacher S, Liao Q, Fu H, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D. Room-Temperature Electrical Field-Enhanced Ultrafast Switch in Organic Microcavity Polariton Condensates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1557-1563. [PMID: 36630440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated electro-optical switches are essential as one of the fundamental elements in the development of modern optoelectronics. As an architecture for photonic systems exciton polaritons, hybrid bosonic quasiparticles that possess unique properties derived from both excitons and photons, have shown much promise. For this system, we demonstrate a significant improvement of emitted intensity and condensation threshold by applying an electric field to a microcavity filled with an organic microbelt. Our theoretical investigations indicate that the electric field makes the excitons dipolar and induces an enhancement of the exciton-polariton interaction and of the polariton lifetime. Based on these electric field-induced changes, a sub-nanosecond electrical field-enhanced polariton condensate switch is realized at room temperature, providing the basis for developing an on-chip integrated photonic device in the strong light-matter coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany
| | - Fan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany.,Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dmitry Solnyshkov
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231Paris, France
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8
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Gnusov I, Harrison S, Alyatkin S, Sitnik K, Töpfer J, Sigurdsson H, Lagoudakis P. Quantum vortex formation in the "rotating bucket" experiment with polariton condensates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1299. [PMID: 36696501 PMCID: PMC9876539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of quantized vortices in the classical "rotating bucket" experiments of liquid helium and ultracold dilute gases provides the means for fundamental and comparative studies of different superfluids. Here, we realize the rotating bucket experiment for optically trapped quantum fluid of light based on exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate in semiconductor microcavity. We use the beating note of two frequency-stabilized single-mode lasers to generate an asymmetric time-periodic rotating, nonresonant excitation profile that both injects and stirs the condensate through its interaction with a background exciton reservoir. The pump-induced external rotation of the condensate results in the appearance of a corotating quantized vortex. We investigate the rotation frequency dependence and reveal the range of stirring frequencies (from 1 to 4 GHz) that favors quantized vortex formation. We describe the phenomenology using the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our results enable the study of polariton superfluidity on a par with other superfluids, as well as deterministic, all-optical control over structured nonlinear light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gnusov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stella Harrison
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sergey Alyatkin
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Sitnik
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julian Töpfer
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pavlos Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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9
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Wang J, Peng Y, Xu H, Feng J, Huang Y, Wu J, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Controllable vortex lasing arrays in a geometrically frustrated exciton-polariton lattice at room temperature. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac096. [PMID: 37601295 PMCID: PMC10433738 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantized vortices appearing in topological excitations of quantum phase transition play a pivotal role in strongly correlated physics involving the underlying confluence of superfluids, Bose-Einstein condensates and superconductors. Exciton polaritons as bosonic quasiparticles have enabled studies of non-equilibrium quantum gases and superfluidity. Exciton-polariton condensates in artificial lattices intuitively emulate energy-band structures and quantum many-body effects of condensed matter, underpinning constructing vortex lattices and controlling quantum fluidic circuits. Here, we harness exciton-polariton quantum fluids of light in a frustrated kagome lattice based on robust metal-halide perovskite microcavities, to demonstrate vortex lasing arrays and modulate their configurations at room temperature. Tomographic energy-momentum spectra unambiguously reveal massless Dirac bands and quenched kinetic-energy flat bands coexisting in kagome lattices, where polariton condensates exhibit prototypical honeycomb and kagome spatial patterns. Spatial coherence investigations illustrate two types of phase textures of polariton condensates carrying ordered quantized-vortex arrays and π-phase shifts, which could be selected when needed using lasing emission energy. Our findings offer a promising platform on which it is possible to study quantum-fluid correlations in complex polaritonic lattices and highlight feasible applications of structured light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
637371, Singapore
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, and Shanghai Frontiers
Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of
Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
China
| | - Huawen Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
637371, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
637371, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
637371, Singapore
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of
Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,
Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Spontaneous generation and active manipulation of real-space optical vortices. Nature 2022; 611:48-54. [PMID: 36224392 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical vortices are beams of light that carry orbital angular momentum1, which represents an extra degree of freedom that can be generated and manipulated for photonic applications2-8. Unlike vortices in other physical entities, the generation of optical vortices requires structural singularities9-12, but this affects their quasiparticle nature and hampers the possibility of altering their dynamics or making them interacting13-17. Here we report a platform that allows the spontaneous generation and active manipulation of an optical vortex-antivortex pair using an external field. An aluminium/silicon dioxide/nickel/silicon dioxide multilayer structure realizes a gradient-thickness optical cavity, where the magneto-optic effects of the nickel layer affect the transition between a trivial and a non-trivial topological phase. Rather than a structural singularity, the vortex-antivortex pairs present in the light reflected by our device are generated through mathematical singularities in the generalized parameter space of the top and bottom silicon dioxide layers, which can be mapped onto real space and exhibit polarization-dependent and topology-dependent dynamics driven by external magnetic fields. We expect that the field-induced engineering of optical vortices that we report will facilitate the study of topological photonic interactions and inspire further efforts to bestow quasiparticle-like properties to various topological photonic textures such as toroidal vortices, polarization and vortex knots, and optical skyrmions.
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11
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Jheng SD, Chen TW, Cheng SC. Spontaneous giant vortices and circular supercurrents in a trapped exciton-polariton condensate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35325-35337. [PMID: 36258486 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study an exciton-polariton condensate trapped in a harmonic potential with an annular pump. With a circular pump, predictions were made for a spontaneous rotating vortex lattice packed by singly quantized vortices. If the circular pump is replaced by an annular pump, singly quantized vortices are absorbed into the central hole and form a multiply quantized vortex. For a sufficiently narrow annular width, all vortices are absorbed into the central hole, ultimately forming a giant vortex with supersonic circular supercurrents flowing around it. Vortex-antivortex pairs can be generated if a defect is present in these supersonic circular supercurrents. We further discover that the motion of the vortex-antivortex pairs depends on the position at which they were generated. We suggest that this property can be used to control whether the velocity of the circular supercurrents is above or below the sound velocity.
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12
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Altowyan AS, Berrada K, Abdel-Khalek S, Eleuch H. Quantum Coherence and Total Phase in Semiconductor Microcavities for Multi-Photon Excitation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2671. [PMID: 35957102 PMCID: PMC9370133 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examine how the weak excitation regime of a quantum well confined in a semiconductor microcavity (SM) influences the dynamics of quantum coherence and the total phase. We analyze the impact of the physical parameters on different quantumness measures, and illustrate their numerical results. We show that the amount of the coherence and total phase in the SMs for multi-photon excitation can be improved and controlled by the strength of the field, exciton-photon coupling, cavity dissipation rate, and excitonic spontaneous emission rate. We illustrate how the fidelity varies depending on the physical parameters. These results might have far-reaching ramifications not just in quantum information processing and optics, but also in physics at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S. Altowyan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamal Berrada
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Miramare-Trieste, Italy
| | - Sayed Abdel-Khalek
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Hichem Eleuch
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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13
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Manipulating polariton condensates by Rashba-Dresselhaus coupling at room temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3785. [PMID: 35778391 PMCID: PMC9249758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in the spin Hall effect and topological insulators. Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling show remarkable quantum phase transition. In this work we control an exciton polariton condensate – a macroscopically coherent state of hybrid light and matter excitations – by virtue of the Rashba-Dresselhaus (RD) spin-orbit coupling. This is achieved in a liquid-crystal filled microcavity where CsPbBr3 perovskite microplates act as the gain material at room temperature. Specifically, we realize an artificial gauge field acting on the CsPbBr3 exciton polariton condensate, splitting the condensate fractions with opposite spins in both momentum and real space. Besides the ground states, higher-order discrete polariton modes can also be split by the RD effect. Our work paves the way to manipulate exciton polariton condensates with a synthetic gauge field based on the RD spin-orbit coupling at room temperature. Engineered spin-orbit coupling can induce novel quantum phases in a Bose-Einstein condensate, however such demonstrations have been limited to cold atom systems. Here the authors realize a exciton-polarion condensate with tunable spin-orbit coupling in a liquid crystal microcavity at room temperature.
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14
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Gao X, Hu W, Schumacher S, Ma X. Unidirectional vortex waveguides and multistable vortex pairs in polariton condensates. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3235-3238. [PMID: 35776594 DOI: 10.1364/ol.457724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vortices carrying quantized topological charges have potential applications in information processing. In this work, we investigate vortex carriers and waveguides in microcavity polariton condensates, nonresonantly excited by a homogeneous pump with intensity grooves. An intensity groove with a ring shape in the pump gives rise to dark-ring states of the condensate with a π-phase jump, akin to dark solitons. The dark-ring states can be destroyed by a stronger density of the surrounding condensate and reduce into vortex-antivortex pairs. Multiple vortex-pair states are found to be stable in the same dark ring of the pump. When the pump ring is broader, higher-order dark states with multiple π-phase jumps can be obtained, and interestingly they can be used to construct vortex waveguides. If a single vortex is imprinted in such waveguides, it can travel in a particular direction, showing one-way transportation. In other words, an imprinted vortex with a certain charge in a specifically designed higher-order dark state is only allowed to propagate unidirectionally.
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15
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Sitnik KA, Alyatkin S, Töpfer JD, Gnusov I, Cookson T, Sigurdsson H, Lagoudakis PG. Spontaneous Formation of Time-Periodic Vortex Cluster in Nonlinear Fluids of Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:237402. [PMID: 35749201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate spontaneous formation of a nonlinear vortex cluster state in a microcavity exciton-polariton condensate with time-periodic sign flipping of its topological charges at the GHz scale. When optically pumped with a ring-shaped nonresonant laser, the trapped condensate experiences intricate high-order mode competition and fractures into two distinct trap levels. The resulting mode interference leads to robust condensate density beatings with periodic appearance of orderly arranged phase singularities. Our work opens new perspectives on creating structured free-evolving light, and singular optics in the strong light-matter coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Sitnik
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Alyatkin
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Gnusov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamsin Cookson
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Thomas PA, Menghrajani KS, Barnes WL. All-optical control of phase singularities using strong light-matter coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1809. [PMID: 35383172 PMCID: PMC8983677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling occurs when the rate of energy exchange between an electromagnetic mode and a molecular ensemble exceeds competing dissipative processes. The study of strong coupling has been motivated by applications such as lasing and the modification of chemical processes. Here we show that strong coupling can be used to create phase singularities. Many nanophotonic structures have been designed to generate phase singularities for use in sensing and optoelectronics. We utilise the concept of cavity-free strong coupling, where electromagnetic modes sustained by a material are strong enough to strongly couple to the material's own molecular resonance, to create phase singularities in a simple thin film of organic molecules. We show that the use of photochromic molecules allows for all-optical control of phase singularities. Our results suggest what we believe to be both a new application for strong light-matter coupling and a new, simplified, more versatile means of manipulating phase singularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | | | - William L Barnes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
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17
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Cookson T, Kalinin K, Sigurdsson H, Töpfer JD, Alyatkin S, Silva M, Langbein W, Berloff NG, Lagoudakis PG. Geometric frustration in polygons of polariton condensates creating vortices of varying topological charge. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2120. [PMID: 33837211 PMCID: PMC8035188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vorticity is a key ingredient to a broad variety of fluid phenomena, and its quantised version is considered to be the hallmark of superfluidity. Circulating flows that correspond to vortices of a large topological charge, termed giant vortices, are notoriously difficult to realise and even when externally imprinted, they are unstable, breaking into many vortices of a single charge. In spite of many theoretical proposals on the formation and stabilisation of giant vortices in ultra-cold atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and other superfluid systems, their experimental realisation remains elusive. Polariton condensates stand out from other superfluid systems due to their particularly strong interparticle interactions combined with their non-equilibrium nature, and as such provide an alternative testbed for the study of vortices. Here, we non-resonantly excite an odd number of polariton condensates at the vertices of a regular polygon and we observe the formation of a stable discrete vortex state with a large topological charge as a consequence of antibonding frustration between nearest neighbouring condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Cookson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kirill Kalinin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sergey Alyatkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
| | - Matteo Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Natalia G Berloff
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation. .,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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18
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Wang J, Xu H, Su R, Peng Y, Wu J, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Spontaneously coherent orbital coupling of counterrotating exciton polaritons in annular perovskite microcavities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:45. [PMID: 33649295 PMCID: PMC7921445 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polariton condensation is regarded as a spontaneous macroscopic quantum phenomenon with phase ordering and collective coherence. By engineering artificial annular potential landscapes in halide perovskite semiconductor microcavities, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the room-temperature spontaneous formation of a coherent superposition of exciton-polariton orbital states with symmetric petal-shaped patterns in real space, resulting from symmetry breaking due to the anisotropic effective potential of the birefringent perovskite crystals. The lobe numbers of such petal-shaped polariton condensates can be precisely controlled by tuning the annular potential geometry. These petal-shaped condensates form in multiple orbital states, carrying locked alternating π phase shifts and vortex-antivortex superposition cores, arising from the coupling of counterrotating exciton-polaritons in the confined circular waveguide. Our geometrically patterned microcavity exhibits promise for realizing room-temperature topological polaritonic devices and optical polaritonic switches based on periodic annular potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huawen Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
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19
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Lüders C, Aßmann M. Distinguishing intrinsic photon correlations from external noise with frequency-resolved homodyne detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22411. [PMID: 33376250 PMCID: PMC7772345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we apply homodyne detection to investigate the frequency-resolved photon statistics of a cw light field emitted by a driven-dissipative semiconductor system in real time. We demonstrate that studying the frequency dependence of the photon number noise allows us to distinguish intrinsic noise properties of the emitter from external noise sources such as mechanical noise while maintaining a sub-picosecond temporal resolution. We further show that performing postselection on the recorded data opens up the possibility to study rare events in the dynamics of the emitter. By doing so, we demonstrate that in rare instances, additional external noise may actually result in reduced photon number noise in the emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lüders
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.
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20
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Ma X, Kartashov YV, Kavokin A, Schumacher S. Chiral condensates in a polariton hexagonal ring. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5700-5703. [PMID: 33057263 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We model the generation of vortex modes in exciton-polariton condensates in semiconductor micropillars, arranged into a hexagonal ring molecule, in the presence of TE-TM splitting. This splitting lifts the degeneracy of azimuthally modulated vortex modes with opposite topological charges supported by this structure, so that a number of non-degenerate vortex states characterized by different combinations of topological charges in two polarization components appears. We present a full bifurcation picture for such vortex modes and show that because they have different energies they can be selectively excited by coherent pump beams with specific frequencies and spatial configurations. At high pumping intensity, polariton-polariton interactions give rise to the coupling of different vortex resonances and a bistable regime is achieved.
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21
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Ren J, Liao Q, Huang H, Li Y, Gao T, Ma X, Schumacher S, Yao J, Bai S, Fu H. Efficient Bosonic Condensation of Exciton Polaritons in an H-Aggregate Organic Single-Crystal Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7550-7557. [PMID: 32986448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although organic polariton condensation has been recently demonstrated, they only utilize the photon part of polaritons and ignore the excitonic contribution because the polariton-polariton and polariton-reservoir interactions are weak in organic microcavities owing to the absence of Coulomb exchange-interactions between Frenkel excitons. We demonstrate highly efficient and strongly polarization-dependent polariton condensates in a microcavity consisting of an H-aggregate organic single-crystalline microbelt sandwiched between two silver reflectors. Benefitting from the advantages of vibronic coupling in H-aggregates and heavy exciton-like polaritons, both macroscopic coherent polariton ground-state population and high-energy quantized-modes are observed. The measurements are qualitatively reproduced based on simulations of the spatiotemporal polariton dynamics. The observation of low threshold polariton lasing, the ease of fabrication, and the potential for efficient electronic charge injection make microcrystals of organic semiconductors attractive candidates for continuous wave and electrically pumped functional photonic polariton circuits and organic polariton lasers, operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Ren
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingge Gao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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22
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Ma X, Kartashov YV, Ferrando A, Schumacher S. Topological edge states of nonequilibrium polaritons in hollow honeycomb arrays. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5311-5314. [PMID: 33001881 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We address topological currents in polariton condensates excited by uniform resonant pumps in finite honeycomb arrays of microcavity pillars with a hole in the center. Such currents arise under combined action of the spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and opens a topological gap in the spectrum of the structure. The most representative feature of this structure is the presence of two interfaces, inner and outer ones, where the directions of topological currents are opposite. Due to the finite size of the structure, polariton-polariton interactions lead to coupling of the edge states at the inner and outer interfaces, which depends on the size of the hollow region. Moreover, switching between currents can be realized by tuning the pump frequency. We illustrate that currents in this finite structure can be stable and study bistability effects arising due to the resonant character of the pump.
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23
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Mandal S, Banerjee R, Ostrovskaya EA, Liew TCH. Nonreciprocal Transport of Exciton Polaritons in a Non-Hermitian Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:123902. [PMID: 33016708 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We consider exciton polaritons in a zigzag chain of coupled elliptical micropillars subjected to incoherent excitation. The driven-dissipative nature of the system along with the naturally present polarization splitting inside the pillars gives rise to nonreciprocal dynamics, which eventually leads to the non-Hermitian skin effect, where all the modes of the system collapse to one edge. As a result, the polaritons propagate only in one direction along the chain, independent of the excitation position, and the propagation in the opposite direction is suppressed. The system shows robustness against disorder and, using the bistable nature of polaritons to encode information, we show one-way information transfer. This paves the way for compact and robust feedback-free one-dimensional polariton transmission channels without the need for external magnetic field, which are compatible with proposals for polaritonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - R Banerjee
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Elena A Ostrovskaya
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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