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Wang T, Gao Y, Chen B, Crespi VH, van Duin ACT. Prediction of a Novel Electromechanical Response in Polar Polymers with Rigid Backbones: Contrasting Furan-Derived Nanothreads to Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride). NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39016328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Syn furan nanothreads have all oxygen atoms arranged on one side of the thread backbone; these polar threads present intriguing opportunities in electromechanical response owing to their rigid ladder-like backbone. We retrained a C/H/O reactive force field to simulate their response to external electric field for both end-anchored individual threads and bulk nanothread crystals, contrasting the results to those for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer. Whereas the field induces a length-independent torque in PVDF through backbone rotation about σ bonds, furan-derived nanothreads generate a length-dependent torque by progressively twisting their rigid backbone. This mode of response couples the rotational history of the electric field to axial tension in the anchored thread. In simulations of densely packed syn furan nanothread crystals without anchors, the crystals pole in a field (∼3 GV/m at 300 K) similar to that seen in simulations of PVDF, suggesting that crystals of polar nanothreads can be ferroelectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yawei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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2
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Utsumi S, Ujjain SK, Takahashi S, Shimodomae R, Yamaura T, Okuda R, Kobayashi R, Takahashi O, Miyazono S, Kato N, Aburamoto K, Hosoi Y, Ahuja P, Furuse A, Kawamata Y, Otsuka H, Fujisawa K, Hayashi T, Tománek D, Kaneko K. Giant nanomechanical energy storage capacity in twisted single-walled carbon nanotube ropes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:1007-1015. [PMID: 38627470 PMCID: PMC11286531 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
A sustainable society requires high-energy storage devices characterized by lightness, compactness, a long life and superior safety, surpassing current battery and supercapacitor technologies. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which typically exhibit great toughness, have emerged as promising candidates for innovative energy storage solutions. Here we produced SWCNT ropes wrapped in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, and demonstrated experimentally that a twisted rope composed of these SWCNTs possesses the remarkable ability to reversibly store nanomechanical energy. Notably, the gravimetric energy density of these twisted ropes reaches up to 2.1 MJ kg-1, exceeding the energy storage capacity of mechanical steel springs by over four orders of magnitude and surpassing advanced lithium-ion batteries by a factor of three. In contrast to chemical and electrochemical energy carriers, the nanomechanical energy stored in a twisted SWCNT rope is safe even in hostile environments. This energy does not deplete over time and is accessible at temperatures ranging from -60 to +100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Utsumi
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Ujjain
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimodomae
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Tae Yamaura
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Okuda
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Oga Takahashi
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyazono
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Naoki Kato
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Keiichi Aburamoto
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Yuta Hosoi
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Japan
| | - Preety Ahuja
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayumi Furuse
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuma Kawamata
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hayato Otsuka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujisawa
- Department of Water Environment and Civil Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Department of Water Environment and Civil Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - David Tománek
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Katsumi Kaneko
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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Bie Z, Deng Y, Liu X, Zhu J, Tao J, Shi X, He X. The Controllable Mechanical Properties of Coiled Carbon Nanotubes with Stone-Wales and Vacancy Defects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2656. [PMID: 37836298 PMCID: PMC10574105 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Coiled carbon nanotubes (CCNTs) as a promising nanometer scale spring are investigated for the effect of the defects on the tensile mechanical properties of CCNTs by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Six samples of defective CCNTs are constructed by introducing the defects in the different positions. The results show an obvious decrease in the spring constant and elastic limit of defective CCNTs, which results in the lower energy storage ability during the elastic range compared with the perfect CCNTs. However, the defected CCNTs exhibit better ductility (138.9%) and higher energy absorbing ability (1539.93 J/g) during the fracture process since introduced defects change the deformation pattern. Furthermore, among the defected CCNTs, the stiffness (1.48~1.93 nN/nm), elastic limit (75.2~88.7%), ductility (108.5~138.9%), and deformation pattern can be adjusted by changing the position or the type of defects. This study firstly provides insight into the effects of Stone-Wales (SW) and vacancy defects on the mechanical properties of CCNTs, and the obtained results are meaningful for designing CCNTs with specified properties by introducing defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Bie
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; (Z.B.); (J.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Yajie Deng
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; (Z.B.); (J.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Jixiao Tao
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Xian Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Xiaoqiao He
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; (Z.B.); (J.Z.); (X.H.)
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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4
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Li D, Li T, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Wang B. Heat transfer mechanism in graphene reinforced PEEK nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27599-27607. [PMID: 37720828 PMCID: PMC10503489 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of graphene is in the range of 3000-5000 W m-1 K-1, showing great potential in high thermal conductivity devices. However, the thermal conductivity of graphene-reinforced polymer is typically lower than 10 W m-1 K-1, which is far from theoretical expectations. To understand the mechanisms of heat transfer in graphene-reinforced polymers, this work investigated the effect of graphene addition on the thermal conductive performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix. The study examined the number of layers, deflection angles, and interlayer distances using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that the improvement of thermal conductivity of PEEK nanocomposite was not only related to the content of graphene but also to the angle between the benzene ring in the molecular chain of PEEK and the transfer direction of heat flow. Increasing the number of graphene layers is more beneficial to the enhancement of thermal conductivity. In particular, the enhancement of thermal conductivity is most significant when the number of graphene layers is the same, and the interlayer distance is less than the truncation radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China +86-411-84706036
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China +86-411-84706036
| | - Zebei Mao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China +86-411-84706036
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China +86-411-84706036
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China +86-411-84706036
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
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5
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Liu Y, Wang R, Wang L, Xia J, Wang C, Tang C. Size- and Chirality-Dependent Structural and Mechanical Properties of Single-Walled Phenine Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4706. [PMID: 37445019 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenine nanotubes (PNTs) have recently been synthesized as a promising new one-dimensional material for high-performance electronics. The periodically distributed vacancy defects in PNTs result in novel semiconducting properties, but may also compromise their mechanical properties. However, the role of these defects in modifying the structural and mechanical properties is not yet well understood. To address this, we conducted systematic molecular dynamics simulations investigating the structural evolution and mechanical responses of PNTs under various conditions. Our results demonstrated that the twisting of linear carbon chains in both armchair and zigzag PNTs led to interesting structural transitions, which were sensitive to chiralities and diameters. Additionally, when subjected to tensile and compressive loading, PNTs' cross-sectional geometry and untwisting of linear carbon chains resulted in distinct mechanical properties compared to carbon nanotubes. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the fundamental properties of these new structures while uncovering a new mechanism for modifying the mechanical properties of one-dimensional nanostructures through the twisting-untwisting of linear carbon chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Chun Tang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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6
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Wang X, Yang X, Wang Y, Tang X, Zheng H, Zhang P, Gao D, Che G, Wang Z, Guan A, Xiang JF, Tang M, Dong X, Li K, Mao HK. From Biomass to Functional Crystalline Diamond Nanothread: Pressure-Induced Polymerization of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21837-21842. [PMID: 36399710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one of the top-12 value-added chemicals from sugar. Besides the wide application in chemical industry, here we found that solid FDCA polymerized to form an atomic-scale ordered sp3-carbon nanothread (CNTh) upon compression. With the help of perfectly aligned π-π stacked molecules and strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds, crystalline poly-FDCA CNTh with uniform syn-configuration was obtained above 11 GPa, with the crystal structure determined by Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The in situ XRD and theoretical simulation results show that the FDCA experienced continuous [4 + 2] Diels-Alder reactions along the stacking direction at the threshold C···C distance of ∼2.8 Å. Benefiting from the abundant carbonyl groups, the poly-FDCA shows a high specific capacity of 375 mAh g-1 as an anode material of a lithium battery with excellent Coulombic efficiency and rate performance. This is the first time a three-dimensional crystalline CNTh is obtained, and we demonstrated it is the hydrogen bonds that lead to the formation of the crystalline material with a unique configuration. It also provides a new method to move biomass compounds toward advanced functional carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yida Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Che
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijiao Guan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19(A), Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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7
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Cai J, Chen H, Li Y, Akbarzadeh A. Lessons from Nature for Carbon‐Based Nanoarchitected Metamaterials. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Youjian Li
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C3 Canada
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8
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Zhan H, Dong B, Zhang G, Lü C, Gu Y. Nanoscale Diamane Spiral Spring for High Mechanical Energy Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203887. [PMID: 35971189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A compact, stable, sustainable, and high-energy density power supply system is crucial for the engineering deployment of mobile electromechanical devices/systems either at the small- or large-scale. This work proposes a spiral-based mechanical energy storage scheme utilizing the newly synthesized 2D diamane. Atomistic simulations show that diamane spiral can achieve a high theoretical gravimetric energy density of about 564 Wh kg-1 , about 14 500 times the steel spring. The interlayer friction between diamane is found to cause a strong stick-slip effect that results in local stress/strain concentration. As such, the energy storage capacity of the diamane spiral can be tuned by suppressing the influence from the interlayer friction. Simulations affirm that higher gravimetric energy density can be achieved by reducing the turn number or adopting a low friction contact pair. The fundamental principles that dominate the energy storage capacity of the spiral spring are theoretically analyzed, respectively. The obtained insights suggest that the 2D vdW solids can be promising candidates to construct spiral structures with a high gravimetric energy density. This work should be beneficial for the design of reliable, stable, and sustainable nanoscale mechanical energy storage schemes that can be used as an alternative low-carbon footage energy supplier for novel micro-/nanoscale devices or systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Zhan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Chaofeng Lü
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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9
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Lu H, Dong B, Zhang J, Lü C, Zhan H. Deformation of Copper Nanowire under Coupled Tension-Torsion Loading. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2203. [PMID: 35808039 PMCID: PMC9268090 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanowires (NWs) are essential building blocks for flexible electronics, and experience different deformation modes due to external mechanical loading. Using atomistic simulations, this work investigated the deformation behavior of copper nanowire under coupled tension-torsion loading. A transition in both yielding pattern and dislocation pattern were observed with varying torsion/tension strain ratios. Specifically, increasing the torsion/tension strain ratio (with larger torsional strain) triggered the nucleation of different partial dislocations in the slip system. At low torsion/tension strain ratios, plastic deformation of the nanowire was dominated by stacking faults with trailing partial dislocations pinned at the surface, shifting to two partial dislocations with stacking faults as the strain ratio increases. More interestingly, the NW under tension-dominated loading exhibited a stacking fault structure after yielding, whereas torsion-dominated loading resulted in a three-dimensional dislocation network within the structure. This work thus suggests that the deformation behavior of the NW varies depending on the coupled mechanical loading, which could be beneficial for various engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Lu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Junqian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chaofeng Lü
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.D.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haifei Zhan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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10
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Romi S, Fanetti S, Alabarse F, Mio AM, Haines J, Bini R. Towards custom built double core carbon nanothreads using stilbene and pseudo-stilbene type systems. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4614-4625. [PMID: 35266485 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08188h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, saturated carbon nanothreads were the missing tile in the world of low-dimension carbon nanomaterials. These one-dimensional fully saturated polymers possess superior mechanical properties by combining high tensile strength with flexibility and resilience. They can be obtained by compressing aromatic and heteroaromatic crystals above 15 GPa exploiting the anisotropic stress that can be achieved by the diamond anvil cell technique. Recently, double-core nanothreads were synthesized by compressing azobenzene crystals, achieving the remarkable result of preserving the azo group as a linker of the resulting double thread. Herein, we demonstrate the generality of these findings through the synthesis of double carbon nanothreads from trans stilbene and azobenzene-stilbene mixed crystals. Employment of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction enabled a comprehensive characterization of the reactivity identifying threshold conditions, kinetics and structure-reaction relationship. In particular, the reaction is anticipated by a phase transition characterized by a sudden increase of the monoclinic angle and a collapse along the b axis direction. Large bidimensional crystalline areas extending several tens of nanometers are evidenced by transmission electron microscopy also confirming the monoclinic unit cell derived from X-ray diffraction data in which threads possessing the polymer 1 structure, as suggested by density functional theory calculations, are packed. The most exciting result of this study is the demonstration of viable synthesis of double nanothreads where the number and the nature of chromophoric groups linking the threads can be tuned by preparing starting crystals of desired composition, thanks to the isomorphism typical of the pseudo-stilbene molecules. This is extremely important in tailoring nanothreads with tunable optical properties and an adjustable band gap, also exploiting the possibility of introducing substituents in the phenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Romi
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Fanetti
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Frederico Alabarse
- ELETTRA, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio M Mio
- IMM-CNR, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, VIII Strada 5 - Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Julien Haines
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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11
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Wei H, Ting HZJ, Gong Y, Lü C, Glukhova OE, Zhan H. Torsional Properties of Bundles with Randomly Packed Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050760. [PMID: 35269252 PMCID: PMC8911843 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles/fibers possess promising applications in broad fields, such as artificial muscles and flexible electronics, due to their excellent mechanical properties. The as-prepared CNT bundles contain complex structural features (e.g., different alignments and components), which makes it challenging to predict their mechanical performance. Through in silico studies, this work assessed the torsional performance of CNT bundles with randomly packed CNTs. It is found that CNT bundles with varying constituent CNTs in terms of chirality and diameter exhibit remarkably different torsional properties. Specifically, CNT bundles consisting of CNTs with a relatively large diameter ratio possess lower gravimetric energy density and elastic limit than their counterpart with a small diameter ratio. More importantly, CNT bundles with the same constituent CNTs but different packing morphologies can yield strong variation in their torsional properties, e.g., up to 30%, 16% and 19% difference in terms of gravimetric energy density, elastic limit and elastic constants, respectively. In addition, the separate fracture of the inner and outer walls of double-walled CNTs is found to suppress the gravimetric energy density and elastic limit of their corresponding bundles. These findings partially explain why the experimentally measured mechanical properties of CNT bundles vary from each other, which could benefit the design and fabrication of high-performance CNT bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Heidi Zhi Jin Ting
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
| | - Yongji Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Chaofeng Lü
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
- Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Haifei Zhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gerthoffer MC, Xu B, Wu S, Cox J, Huss S, Oburn S, Lopez SA, Crespi V, Badding J, Elacqua E. Mechanistic Insights into the Pressure-Induced Polymerization of Aryl/Perfluoroaryl Co-Crystals. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently discovered diamond nanothreads offer a stiff, sp3-hybridized backbone unachievable in conventional polymer synthesis that is formed through the solid-state pressure-induced polymerization of simple aromatics. This method enables monomeric A-B...
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Li C, Wei H, Zhan H, Bai J, Kou L, Gu Y. Tensile Performance of Polymer Nanocomposites with Randomly Dispersed Carbon Nanothreads. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Hanqing Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haifei Zhan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jingshuai Bai
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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14
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Wang Y, Wei W, Dai X, Ni BJ. Coconut shell ash enhances short-chain fatty acids production from anaerobic algae fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125494. [PMID: 34256219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel method to enhance short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from anaerobic algae fermentation by using coconut shell ash. The maximum SCFAs production was 683.0 mg COD/g VS at the ash dosage of 1.2 g/g TS, which was about 1.4-folds that of the control, and the enhancement of acetate production was the main path for the promotion of SCFAs. Coconut shell ash increased the pH and alkalinity of digestate, thereby reducing the use of alkaline reagents and being more resistant to acidic environments. Coconut shell ash promoted the processes of solubilization, hydrolysis and acetogenesis, and enriched hydrolytic microorganisms (e.g., Candidatus Microthrix) and acidifying microorganisms with acetate as substrate (e.g., Caldilinea and Proteiniphilum). Anaerobic fermentation residue with ash containing inorganic elements has the potential to be used as fertilizer, making this waste-control-waste strategy with more economic and environmental benefits for potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Pang J, Bachmatiuk A, Yang F, Liu H, Zhou W, Rümmeli MH, Cuniberti G. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in the Internet of Things Era. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:191. [PMID: 34510300 PMCID: PMC8435483 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The post-Moore's era has boosted the progress in carbon nanotube-based transistors. Indeed, the 5G communication and cloud computing stimulate the research in applications of carbon nanotubes in electronic devices. In this perspective, we deliver the readers with the latest trends in carbon nanotube research, including high-frequency transistors, biomedical sensors and actuators, brain-machine interfaces, and flexible logic devices and energy storages. Future opportunities are given for calling on scientists and engineers into the emerging topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- College of Energy, Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou, Soochow, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 20 Helmholtz Strasse, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, Ostrava, 708 33, Czech Republic
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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Zhan H, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang W, Lü C, Gu Y. Carbon nanothreads enable remarkable enhancement in the thermal conductivity of polyethylene. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6934-6943. [PMID: 33885495 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity have been increasingly sought after in the electronic industry. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, this work assesses the thermal transport in polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites with the presence of a new one-dimensional nanofiller-a carbon nanothread (NTH). It is found that the axial thermal conductivity of PE nanocomposites increases linearly with the content of regularly aligned NTH fillers, while the aggregated pattern suppresses the enhancement effect. This phenomenon is explained by a stronger filler-filler interaction that reduces the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the NTH. Results show that the randomly dispersed NTHs can hardly promote heat transfer because effective heat transfer channels are lacking. Strikingly, surface functionalization has an adverse effect on the thermal conductivity due to the presence of additional voids. The presence of voids answers a long-standing open question that functionalization of the heat conductive filler only slightly improves the thermal conductivity of the polymer composite. Additionally, the transverse thermal conductivity degrades in the presence of the NTH and exhibits no clear correlation with the filler content or the distribution pattern. Overall, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the heat transfer within the polymer nanocomposites, which opens up possibilities for the preparation of highly conductive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Zhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
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18
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Romi S, Fanetti S, Alabarse F, Mio AM, Bini R. Synthesis of double core chromophore-functionalized nanothreads by compressing azobenzene in a diamond anvil cell. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7048-7057. [PMID: 34123332 PMCID: PMC8153222 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06968j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanothreads are likely the most attracting new materials produced under high pressure conditions. Their synthesis is achieved by compressing crystals of different small aromatic molecules, while also exploiting the applied anisotropic stress to favor nontopochemical paths. The threads are nanometric hollow structures of saturated carbon atoms, reminiscent of the starting aromatic molecule, gathered in micron sized bundles. The examples collected so far suggest that their formation can be a general phenomenon, thus enabling the design of functionalities and properties by suitably choosing the starting monomer on the basis of its chemical properties and crystal arrangement. The presence of heteroatoms or unsaturation within the thread is appealing for improving the processability and tuning the electronic properties. Suitable simple chromophores can fulfill these requirements and their controlled insertion along the thread would represent a considerable step forward in tailoring the optical and electronic properties of these mechanically extraordinary materials. Here, we report the synthesis and extensive characterization of double core nanothreads linked by azo groups. This is achieved by compressing azobenzene in a diamond anvil cell, the archetype of a wide class of dyes, and represents a fundamental step in the realization of nanothreads with tailored photochemical and photophysical properties. One-step high-pressure synthesis of 2D crystalline double nanothreads linked by azo groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Romi
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy Via N. Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy +390554572489 +390554572436
| | - Samuele Fanetti
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy Via N. Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy +390554572489 +390554572436.,ICCOM-CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy
| | - Frederico Alabarse
- ELETTRA, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A in AREA Science Park 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Antonio M Mio
- IMM-CNR, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi VIII Strada 5 - Zona Industriale 95121 Catania Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy Via N. Carrara 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy +390554572489 +390554572436.,ICCOM-CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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Salman S, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Su J. Effect of temperature on the coupling transport of water and ions through a carbon nanotube in an electric field. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184503. [PMID: 33187400 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature governs the motion of molecules at the nanoscale and thus should play an essential role in determining the transport of water and ions through a nanochannel, which is still poorly understood. This work devotes to revealing the temperature effect on the coupling transport of water and ions through a carbon nanotube by molecular dynamics simulations. A fascinating finding is that the ion flux order changes from cation > anion to anion > cation with the increase in field strength, leading to the same direction change of water flux. The competition between ion hydration strength and mobility should be a partial reason for this ion flux order transition. High temperatures significantly promote the transport of water and ions, stabilize the water flux direction, and enhance the critical field strength. The ion translocation time exhibits an excellent Arrhenius relation with the temperature and a power law relation with the field strength, yielding to the Langevin dynamics. However, because of self-diffusion, the water translocation time displays different behaviors without following the ions. The high temperature also leads to an abnormal maximum behavior of the ion flux, deciphered by the massive increase in water flow that inversely hinders the ion flux, suggesting the coexistence of water-ion coupling transport and competition. Our results shed deep light on the temperature dependence of coupling transport of water and ions, answering a fundamental question on the water flux direction during the ionic transport, and thus should have great implications in the design of high flux nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Salman
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Yunzhen Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xingke Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Jiaye Su
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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