1
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Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Progress of Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403961. [PMID: 38830614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated polymers have received widespread attention due to their characteristic advantages of light weight, favorable solution processability, and structural modifiability. Among various conjugated polymers, fluorinated ones have developed rapidly to achieve high-performance n-type or ambipolar polymeric semiconductors. The uniqueness of fluorinated conjugated polymers contains the high coplanarity of their structures, lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and strong nonbonding interactions. In this review, first the fluorinated building blocks, including fluorinated benzene and thiophene rings, fluorinated B←N bridged units, and fluoroalkyl side chains are summarized. Subsequently, different synthetic methods of fluorinated conjugated polymers are described, with a special focus on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Then, with these numerous fluorinated structures and appropriate synthetic methods bear in mind, the properties and applications of the fluorinated conjugated polymers, such as cyclopentadithiophene-, amide-, and imide-based polymers, and B←N embedded polymers, are systematically discussed. The introduction of fluorine atoms can further enhance the electron-deficiency of the backbone, influencing the charge carrier transport performance. The promising fluorinated conjugated polymers are applied widely in organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, organic thermoelectric devices, and other organic opto-electric devices. Finally, the outlook on the challenges and future development of fluorinated conjugated polymers is systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Sun ZH, Wang Q, Xu LP. Mechanism and Origins of Enantioselectivity in the Nickel-catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Benzosiloles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5675-5682. [PMID: 38569117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As important π-skeletons, benzosiloles often possess unique electronic and optical properties and have been widely used in semiconductor materials. Therefore, great attention has been drawn to the area of developing novel synthetic methods for various benzosiloles. However, the synthesis of enantioenriched silicon-stereogenic benzosiloles is still at an early stage and remains to be explored. Herein, we performed systematic density functional theory studies on the recently reported nickel-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of silicon-stereogenic benosiloles, which was enabled by an enantioselective desymmetrization of (2-alkenyl)aryl-substituted silacyclobutanes. Our computational study shows that the reaction mechanism involves ligand exchange, oxidative addition, alkene insertion, and hydrogen-transfer coupled reductive-demetalation steps. The proposed transmetalation and β-hydride elimination mechanism was not found, which might be due to the unfavorable ring strain of the multicyclic intermediates. The novel hydrogen-transfer coupled reductive-demetalation mechanism was shown to be reasonable for the generation of the silicon-stereogenic benzosilole. Noncovalent interactions (including C-H···π and hydrogen bonding) in the rate-determining alkene insertion transition state account for the origins of the enantioselectivity. Our computational study sheds light on the detailed reaction mechanism and also provides insights for the development of novel approaches for synthesis of high-value silicon-stereogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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3
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Meng F, Qin Y, Zheng Y, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Yang Y, Gao K, Zhao D. Structural Fusion Yields Guest Acceptors that Enable Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 18.77 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217173. [PMID: 36692893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The design and selection of a suitable guest acceptor are particularly important for improving the photovoltaic performance of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we designed and successfully synthesized two asymmetric silicon-oxygen bridged guest acceptors, which featured distinct blue-shifted absorption, upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, and larger dipole moments than symmetric silicon-oxygen-bridged acceptor. Ternary devices with the incorporation of 14.2 wt % these two asymmetric guest acceptors exhibited excellent performance with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.22 % and 18.77 %, respectively. Our success in precise control of material properties via structural fusion of five-membered carbon linkages and six-membered silicon-oxygen connection at the central electron-donating core unit of fused-ring electron acceptors can attract considerable attention and bring new vigor and vitality for developing new materials toward more efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
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4
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El-Sawi AA, Hassan Habib I, Elmorsy MR, Ullah A, El-Attar RO, Abdel-Rahman ARH, El-Desoky ESI, Ahmed Abozeid M. Novel π-extended polycyclic chromenopyridines: Synthesis, DFT, electrochemical, and thermogravimetric evaluation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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5
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Lei CW, Wang XY, Mu BS, Yu JS, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Me 2(CH 2Cl)SiCF 3 Facilitated Tandem Synthesis of Oxasilacycles Featuring a Trifluoromethyl Group. Org Lett 2022; 24:8364-8369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wen Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bo-Shuai Mu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Patra D, Park S. Solution Processable Benzotrithiophene (BTT)‐Based Organic Semiconductors: Recent Advances and Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200473. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Patra
- Department of Polymer‐Nano Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
| | - Sungjune Park
- Department of Polymer‐Nano Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
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8
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Wang Q, Zhong KB, Xu H, Li SN, Zhu WK, Ye F, Xu Z, Lan Y, Xu LW. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Si–C(sp 2) Bond Activation and Migratory Insertion to Aldehydes: Reaction Scope and Mechanism. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Bao Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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9
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Wang X, Feng C, Liu P, He Z, Cao Y. Origin of the Additive-Induced V OC Change in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107106. [PMID: 35088934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additives are often used to adjust the morphology of the active layer to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, taking typical high-efficiency non-fullerene systems as examples, the effect of the additive on the device performance in non-fullerene OSCs is systematically investigated. Surprisingly, an unpresented VOC change is observed in the opposite direction of the two typical systems (PM6:Y6 and PTB7-Th: ITIC) appearing after the incorporation of the additive DIO, which can be affected by the morphological differences as indicated by the several morphological studies. The bewildering VOC change caused by the additive in different material systems is supposed to originate from the different energy level variations as verified by the energy level studies. Molecular dynamic (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also included to get an insight into the dynamic of the additive-induced morphological differences that are supposed to contribute to the energy level changes. Combining a series of morphological and energic studies as well as the theoretical calculations, the origin of unforeseeable VOC changes caused by additives in non-fullerene OSCs is clarified, and provides in-depth insights into the effects of additives on device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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10
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Hao M, Tan D, Chi W, Li ZS. A π-extended triphenylamine based dopant-free hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells via heteroatom substitution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4635-4643. [PMID: 35133365 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The triphenylamine (TPA) group is an important molecular fragment that has been widely used to design efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs). However, the applicability of triphenylamine derived HTMs that exhibit low hole mobility and conductivity in commercial perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been limited. To aid in the development of highly desirable TPA-based HTMs, we utilized a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and Marcus electron transfer theory to investigate the effect of heteroatoms, including boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, germanium, arsenic, and selenium atoms, on the energy levels, optical properties, hole mobility, and interfacial charge transfer behaviors of a series of HTMs. Our computational results revealed that compared with the commonly referenced OMeTPA-TPA molecule, most heteroatoms lead to deeper energy levels. Furthermore, these heteroatom-based HTMs exhibit improved hole mobility due to their more rigid molecular structures. More significantly, these heteroatoms also enhance the interface interaction in perovskite/HTM systems, resulting in a larger internal electric field. Our work represents a new approach that aids in the understanding and designing of more efficient and better performing HTMs, which we hope can be used as a platform to propel the developmental commercialization of these highly desirable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Davin Tan
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Li C, Zhu R, Lai J, Tan J, Luo Y, Ye S. Conformational Order of Alkyl Side Chain of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Promotes Hole-Extraction Ability in Perovskite/Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Heterojunction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11817-11823. [PMID: 34870995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular structures of hole transport materials (HTMs) have significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of perovskite/HTM heterojunction. But the structure-property relationship in the heterojunction remains poorly understood. By using poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) as the HTM model, here we apply sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to establish correlations among conformations of P3ATs, the hole extraction ability of P3ATs from the perovskite layer, and the charge mobility of P3ATs. It is revealed that with similar energy-level alignment, the conformational order of alkyl side chains in regioregular P3ATs can effectively regulate the hole extraction ability of P3ATs from perovskite layer by tuning reorganization energy. By contrast, the charge mobility of P3ATs strongly depends on the P3AT backbone's coplanarity. Our findings decouple the roles of the long-hidden conformational order of alkyl side chain and the polythiophene backbone's coplanarity on the performance of perovskite/HTM heterojunction, offering useful guidelines for boosting the performance of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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12
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Zhang J, Yan N, Ju C, Zhao D. Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion Toward Enantioenriched Silicon‐Stereogenic Benzosiloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Nuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng‐Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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13
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Zhang J, Yan N, Ju CW, Zhao D. Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion Toward Enantioenriched Silicon-Stereogenic Benzosiloles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25723-25728. [PMID: 34590411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of a straightforward strategy to obtain enantioenriched silicon-stereogenic benzosiloles remains a challenging yet appealing synthesis venture due to their potential future application in chiral electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this context, all of the existing methods rely on Rh-catalyzed systems and are somewhat limited in scope. Herein, we disclose the first Ni0 -catalyzed ring expansion process that enables the preparation of benzosiloles possessing tetraorganosilicon stereocenters in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The presented catalysis strategy is further applied to the asymmetric synthesis of silicon-stereogenic bis-silicon-bridged π-extended systems. Preliminary studies reveal that such compounds exhibit fluorescence emission, Cotton effects and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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14
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Hofstadler
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
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15
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Ma J, Gao H, Feng J, Zhang SF, Wang L, Zhao D, Wu Y, Jiang L. Controlled Assembly of Conjugated Ladder Molecules with Different Bridging Structures toward Optoelectronic Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50197-50205. [PMID: 34652904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural design of organic π-conjugated small molecules allows the energy band structure and electronic properties of the molecules to be tuned as needed, which provides a feasible strategy for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices. The introduction of bridging structures is a common structural modification method to adjust the rigidity and coplanarity of the molecular backbone, thus affecting the molecular packing. However, patterning of organic single-crystalline microstructures based on conjugated ladder molecules with different bridging structures still remains challenging for large-area integration of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, a controlled dewetting process is applied to obtain organic single-crystalline arrays with precise positioning and a regular morphology based on two isomers with silicon-oxygen bridging and their two carbon-oxygen-bridged analogues. Molecules with different bridging structures show disparate packing models due to the difference of dihedral angles and ring tensions. A microwire-array ultraviolet photodetector based on the oxygen-silicon-bridging ladder molecule exhibits a high light on/off ratio of 24 and a responsivity of 0.63 mA W-1 owing to the effective π-π stacking governed by the molecular planarity. This work not only provides a universal method for the integration of organic optoelectronic devices but also explains the effect of bridging structure engineering on molecular assembly and optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shou-Feng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000 Guangdong, P. R. China
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16
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Cai C, Yao J, Chen L, Yuan Z, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Silicon Naphthalocyanine Tetraimides: Cathode Interlayer Materials for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Cai
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Jia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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17
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Cai C, Yao J, Chen L, Yuan Z, Zhang ZG, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Silicon Naphthalocyanine Tetraimides: Cathode Interlayer Materials for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19053-19057. [PMID: 34160863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalocyanine derivatives (SiNcTI-N and SiNcTI-Br) were firstly used as excellent cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) in organic solar cells, via introducing four electron-withdrawing imide groups and two hydrophilic alkyls. Both of them showed deep LUMO energy levels (below -3.90 eV), good thermal stability (Td >210 °C), and strong self-doping property. The SiNcTI-Br CIM displayed high conductivity (4.5×10-5 S cm-1 ) and electron mobility (7.81×10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), which could boost the efficiencies of the PM6:Y6-based OSCs over a wide range of CIM layer thicknesses (4-25 nm), with maximum efficiency of 16.71 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Cai
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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18
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Yang J, Li QS, Li ZS. Theoretical design of asymmetric A-D 1A'D 2-A type non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12321-12328. [PMID: 34019060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acceptor in organic solar cells (OSCs) is of paramount importance for achieving a high photovoltaic performance. Based on the well-known non-fullerene acceptor Y6, we designed a set of asymmetric A-D1A'D2-A type new acceptors Y6-C, Y6-N, Y6-O, Y6-Se, and Y6-Si by substituting the two S atoms of one thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit with C, N, O, Se, and Si atoms, respectively. The electronic, optical, and crystal properties of Y6 and the designed acceptors, as well as the interfacial charge-transfer (CT) mechanisms between the donor PM6 and the investigated acceptors have been systematically studied. It is found that the newly designed asymmetric acceptors possess suitable energy levels and strong interactions with the donor PM6. Importantly, the newly designed acceptors exhibit enhanced light harvesting ability and more CT states with larger oscillator strengths in the 40 lowest excited states. Among the multiple CT mechanisms, the direct excitation of CT states is found to be more favored in the case of PM6/newly designed acceptors than that of PM6/Y6. This work not only offers a set of promising acceptors superior to Y6, but also demonstrates that designing acceptors with asymmetric structure could be an effective strategy to improve the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
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19
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Yin G, Xu L. Access to Enantioenriched Silicon-Stereogenic Benzosiloles via Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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