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Wu J, Xia X, Gong L, Huang S, Zheng H, Qiao G, Tang Y. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Clinical efficacy and biomarker exploration. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2370085. [PMID: 38967227 PMCID: PMC11229733 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2370085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is a rare and highly malignant type of esophageal cancer with no standard treatment, facing challenges of resistance to conventional therapies. This study presents the cases of one extensive-stage and two limited-stage SCCE patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. The two limited-stage patients underwent surgery post-treatment and experienced notable and enduring positive responses. This represents the first documented application of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in limited-stage SCCE patients. Additionally, comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed on the case patients. The findings revealed that infiltration of CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in the SCCE tumor were key factors for favorable responses in SCCE patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longlong Gong
- Genecast Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zheng
- Genecast Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guibin Qiao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Yang Y, Guo H, Li Q, Huang W. Prognostic factors and treatment strategies of limited-stage primary esophageal small-cell carcinoma-a SEER database analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:3242-3250. [PMID: 39145045 PMCID: PMC11319949 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Primary esophageal small-cell carcinoma (PESC) is a rare tumor with poor efficacy, and there is currently no standardized treatment method. Our aim is to explore the prognostic factors and possible optimal treatment modalities for limited-stage PESC. Methods We retrospectively searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1975 to 2019 for data of patients with limited-stage PESC. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, calculate survival rates, and Log-rank was used to test the differences among survival curves. Prognostic factors were explored through univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses; Cox regression survival analysis was also conducted to analyze the risk of death among treatment groups and compare the survival differences among each treatment group. The non-single treatment (ST) group was defined as the comprehensive treatment (CT) group and it was compared against the ST group. Results A total of 186 cases of limited-stage PESC were included in the study, there were differences in survival time among different groups due to differences in age, year, median household income, and N stage (P<0.001, P=0.041, P=0.002, P=0.001). The median overall survival (mOS) of the surgical group (19 months) was longer than that of the nonsurgical group (11 months) (P=0.01). The mOS of the chemotherapy group (16 months) was longer than that of the non-chemotherapy group (4 months) (P<0.001). The mOS of the radiotherapy group (16 months) was longer than that of the non-radiotherapy group (8 months) (P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that age ≥80 years (P=0.006), year (1997-2007) (P=0.01), year (2008-2019) (P=0.01), N2 (P=0.003), surgery (P=0.02), radiotherapy (P<0.001), and chemotherapy (P<0.001) were prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) in limited-stage PESC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that SEER stage (P=0.02), age (P=0.007), radiotherapy (P<0.001), surgery (P=0.006), and chemotherapy (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors affecting OS in patients of limited-stage PESC. Prognosis was better in the non-monotherapy group than in each monotherapy group. The CT group is superior to the ST group (P<0.001). The surgery combined with chemotherapy (SC) group had the longest mOS and the highest reduced risk of death, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions SEER stage, age, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery were independent prognostic factors in limited-stage patients; CT outperformed ST; the SC group had the longest median survival, but showed no statistical difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haizhou Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianping Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipeng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang C, Zhang G, Xue L, Zhang Z, Zeng Q, Wu P, Wang L, Yang Z, Zheng B, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao S, Sun N, He J. Patterns and prognostic values of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression and CD8 + T-cell infiltration in small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a retrospective analysis of 34 years of National Cancer Center data in China. Int J Surg 2024; 110:4297-4309. [PMID: 36974732 PMCID: PMC11254267 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is an extremely rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy with a strikingly poor prognosis. Given the great clinical successes of checkpoint immunotherapies, we explored the expression profile and clinical significance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8 + T cell in SCCE for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and tumor cells in postoperative, whole tumor sections from 147 SCCE patients were stained for PD-LI expression. We also evaluated each patient's Combined Positive Score (CPS). Multiplex immunofluorescence staining (CD3, CD20, CD68, and PD-L1) was introduced to clarify the location of PD-L1. CD8 density was analyzed by digital imaging and analysis of entire slides. Clinical outcomes were tested for correlations with both PD-L1 expression and CD8 density. RESULTS No patients had PD-L1 expressed in their tumor cells. PD-L1 + expression in TIICs was detected in 65 patients (44.2%) and 42 (28.6%) exhibited CPS positivity. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that most of the PD-L1 was expressed on the CD68 + monocytes/macrophages. PD-L1 expression in the TIICs and CPS was found to be correlated with paraffin block age, tumor length, macroscopic type, T stage, and increased overall survival (OS). Expression of PD-L1 in TIICs showed significantly prolonged relapse-free survival (RFS). Increasing CD8 densities were associated with increased PD-L1 expression ( Ptrend <0.0001). Multivariate regression confirmed that PD-L1 in TIICs and CD8 states were independent predictors of OS, and CD8 status were found to be independently predictive of RFS. A stratification based on PD-L1 and CD8 status was also significantly associated with both OS and RFS. CONCLUSION Expression of PD-L1 was only detected in TIICs from approximately half of the patients with SCCEs. In SCCEs, PD-L1 and CD8 status are novel prognostic biomarkers and may inform the implementation of risk-related therapeutic strategies. SCCEs with higher CD8 infiltration also had higher expression of PD-L1, suggesting the development of resistance against adaptive immunity. These findings support the assertion that PD-L1/programmed cell death 1 inhibitors should be investigated in this rare malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qingpeng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Lide Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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Wang Z, Liu C, Zheng S, Yao Y, Wang S, Wang X, Yin E, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Zhang G, Tang W, Zheng B, Xue L, Wang Z, Feng X, Wang Y, Ying J, Xue Q, Sun N, He J. Molecular subtypes of neuroendocrine carcinomas: A cross-tissue classification framework based on five transcriptional regulators. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1106-1125.e8. [PMID: 38788718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are extremely lethal malignancies that can arise at almost any anatomic site. Characterization of NECs is hindered by their rarity and significant inter- and intra-tissue heterogeneity. Herein, through an integrative analysis of over 1,000 NECs originating from 31 various tissues, we reveal their tissue-independent convergence and further unveil molecular divergence driven by distinct transcriptional regulators. Pan-tissue NECs are therefore categorized into five intrinsic subtypes defined by ASCL1, NEUROD1, HNF4A, POU2F3, and YAP1. A comprehensive portrait of these subtypes is depicted, highlighting subtype-specific transcriptional programs, genomic alterations, evolution trajectories, therapeutic vulnerabilities, and clinicopathological presentations. Notably, the newly discovered HNF4A-dominated subtype-H exhibits a gastrointestinal-like signature, wild-type RB1, unique neuroendocrine differentiation, poor chemotherapeutic response, and prevalent large-cell morphology. The proposal of uniform classification paradigm illuminates transcriptional basis of NEC heterogeneity and bridges the gap across different lineages and cytomorphological variants, in which context-dependent prevalence of subtypes underlies their phenotypic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; Office for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Quality Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Enzhi Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qingpeng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.
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Aijaz P, Niazi MA, Chela HK, Zahid K, Daglilar E. Epigastric Pain and Dysphagia in a 36-Year-Old Man Due to Primary Esophageal Small Cell Carcinoma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2024; 25:e943392. [PMID: 38773743 PMCID: PMC11129664 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.943392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell carcinoma is an aggressive malignant neuroendocrine tumor that most commonly occurs in the lung. Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE) is rare and is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and no clear management guidelines. This report describes the case of a 36-year-old man presenting with epigastric pain, dysphagia, and melena due to a primary esophageal small cell carcinoma. CASE REPORT A 36-year-old presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with epigastric pain associated with food intake. Initial workup was unremarkable, and a presumed clinical diagnosis of reflux esophagitis and peptic strictures was made, prompting empiric treatment with anti-secretory therapies. Despite these therapies, he presented to the emergency room with progressively worsening dysphagia. Endoscopic examination (EGD) revealed a large necrotic mass, and computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed liver metastasis. Biopsies from both the liver and esophageal masses confirmed small cell carcinoma. His clinical course was complicated by a broncho-esophageal fistula, leading to massive hemoptysis, necessitating intubation. Unfortunately, his condition deteriorated rapidly, and he chose to pursue hospice care. He died 3 months after his initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS This report has presented a rare case of primary esophageal small cell carcinoma and our approach to management. We highlight the importance of early diagnosis, supported by histopathology, and the need for management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Aijaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
| | | | - Harleen Kaur Chela
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Kamran Zahid
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Ebubekir Daglilar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
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Chen W, Sun Y, Chen S, Ge X, Zhang W, Zhang N, Wu X, Song Z, Han H, Desert R, Yan X, Yang A, Das S, Athavale D, Nieto N, You H. Matrisome gene-based subclassification of patients with liver fibrosis identifies clinical and molecular heterogeneities. Hepatology 2023; 78:1118-1132. [PMID: 37098756 PMCID: PMC10524702 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Excessive deposition and crosslinking of extracellular matrix increases liver density and stiffness, promotes fibrogenesis, and increases resistance to fibrinolysis. An emerging therapeutic opportunity in liver fibrosis is to target the composition of the extracellular matrix or block pathogenic communication with surrounding cells. However, the type and extent of extracellular changes triggering liver fibrosis depend on the underlying etiology. Our aim was to unveil matrisome genes not dependent on etiology, which are clinically relevant to liver fibrosis. APPROACH RESULTS We used transcriptomic profiles from liver fibrosis cases of different etiologies to identify and validate liver fibrosis-specific matrisome genes (LFMGs) and their clinical and biological relevance. Dysregulation patterns and cellular landscapes of LFMGs were further explored in mouse models of liver fibrosis progression and regression by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified 35 LFMGs, independent of etiology, representing an LFMG signature defining liver fibrosis. Expression of the LFMG signature depended on histological severity and was reduced in regressive livers. Patients with liver fibrosis, even with identical pathological scores, could be subclassified into LFMG Low and LFMG High , with distinguishable clinical, cellular, and molecular features. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that microfibrillar-associated protein 4 + activated HSC increased in LFMG High patients and were primarily responsible for the LFMG signature expression and dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS The microfibrillar-associated protein 4 + -activated HSC-derived LFMG signature classifies patients with liver fibrosis with distinct clinical and biological characteristics. Our findings unveil hidden information from liver biopsies undetectable using traditional histologic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yameng Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 1020N, MC 787, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
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Zhang Y, Karagiannis D, Liu H, Lin M, Fang Y, Jiang M, Chen X, Suresh S, Huang H, She J, Shi F, Yang P, El-Rifai W, Zaika A, Oro AE, Rustgi AK, Wang TC, Lu C, Que J. Epigenetic regulation of p63 blocks squamous-to-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in esophageal development and malignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.09.556982. [PMID: 37745439 PMCID: PMC10515764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.09.556982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
While cell fate determination and maintenance are important in establishing and preserving tissue identity and function during development, aberrant cell fate transition leads to cancer cell heterogeneity and resistance to treatment. Here, we report an unexpected role for the transcription factor p63 (Trp63/TP63) in the fate choice of squamous versus neuroendocrine lineage in esophageal development and malignancy. Deletion of p63 results in extensive neuroendocrine differentiation in the developing mouse esophagus and esophageal progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. In human esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (eNEC) cells, p63 is transcriptionally silenced by EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Upregulation of the major p63 isoform ΔNp63α, through either ectopic expression or EZH2 inhibition, promotes squamous transdifferentiation of eNEC cells. Together these findings uncover p63 as a rheostat in coordinating the transition between squamous and neuroendocrine cell fates during esophageal development and tumor progression.
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Ooki A, Osumi H, Fukuda K, Yamaguchi K. Potent molecular-targeted therapies for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1021-1054. [PMID: 37422534 PMCID: PMC10584733 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), which are characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation, can arise in various organs. NENs have been divided into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) based on morphological differentiation, each of which has a distinct etiology, molecular profile, and clinicopathological features. While the majority of NECs originate in the pulmonary organs, extrapulmonary NECs occur most predominantly in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system. Although platinum-based chemotherapy is the main therapeutic option for recurrent or metastatic GEP-NEC patients, the clinical benefits are limited and associated with a poor prognosis, indicating the clinically urgent need for effective therapeutic agents. The clinical development of molecular-targeted therapies has been hampered due to the rarity of GEP-NECs and the paucity of knowledge on their biology. In this review, we summarize the biology, current treatments, and molecular profiles of GEP-NECs based on the findings of pivotal comprehensive molecular analyses; we also highlight potent therapeutic targets for future precision medicine based on the most recent results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Osumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Sorbye H, Grande E, Pavel M, Tesselaar M, Fazio N, Reed NS, Knigge U, Christ E, Ambrosini V, Couvelard A, Tiensuu Janson E. European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for digestive neuroendocrine carcinoma. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13249. [PMID: 36924180 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This ENETS guidance paper, developed by a multidisciplinary working group, provides up-to-date and practical advice on the diagnosis and management of digestive neuroendocrine carcinoma, based on recent developments and study results. These recommendations aim to pave the road for more standardized care for our patients resulting in improved outcomes. Prognosis is generally poor for digestive NEC, most are advanced at diagnosis and median survival in metastatic disease is 11-12 months. Surgery can be of benefit for localized disease after extensive preoperative imaging. Carboplatin in combination with etoposide is recommended as first-line treatment for metastatic disease. Irinotecan with fluoropyrimidines has the best evidence as second-line treatment. Immunotherapy plays a minor role in biomarker-unselected patients. Molecular profiling if available is encouraged to identify new targets. More prospective clinical trials are highly needed to fulfil the unmet needs in this field, especially on new predictive and prognostic biomarkers and to improve survival of patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halfdan Sorbye
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Enrique Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianne Pavel
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margot Tesselaar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ulrich Knigge
- Departments of Surgery and Clinical Endocrinology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emanuel Christ
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, ENETS Center of Excellence, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Ambrosini
- Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eva Tiensuu Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Li J, Li L, You P, Wei Y, Xu B. Towards artificial intelligence to multi-omics characterization of tumor heterogeneity in esophageal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:35-49. [PMID: 36868394 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a unique and complex heterogeneous malignancy, with substantial tumor heterogeneity: at the cellular levels, tumors are composed of tumor and stromal cellular components; at the genetic levels, they comprise genetically distinct tumor clones; at the phenotypic levels, cells in distinct microenvironmental niches acquire diverse phenotypic features. This heterogeneity affects almost every process of esophageal cancer progression from onset to metastases and recurrence, etc. Intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity are major obstacles in the treatment of esophageal cancer, but also offer the potential to manipulate the heterogeneity themselves as a new therapeutic strategy. The high-dimensional, multi-faceted characterization of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabonomics, etc. of esophageal cancer has opened novel horizons for dissecting tumor heterogeneity. Artificial intelligence especially machine learning and deep learning algorithms, are able to make decisive interpretations of data from multi-omics layers. To date, artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising computational tool for analyzing and dissecting esophageal patient-specific multi-omics data. This review provides a comprehensive review of tumor heterogeneity from a multi-omics perspective. Especially, we discuss the novel techniques single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, which have revolutionized our understanding of the cell compositions of esophageal cancer and allowed us to determine novel cell types. We focus on the latest advances in artificial intelligence in integrating multi-omics data of esophageal cancer. Artificial intelligence-based multi-omics data integration computational tools exert a key role in tumor heterogeneity assessment, which will potentially boost the development of precision oncology in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Health Committee Key (JHCK) Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peimeng You
- Nanchang University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Jiangxi Health Committee Key (JHCK) Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung and gastrointestinal system: convergent biology and a path to better therapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:16-32. [PMID: 36307533 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) can develop in almost any organ and span a spectrum from well-differentiated and indolent neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) to poorly differentiated and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). These neoplasms are thought to primarily derive from neuroendocrine precursor cells located throughout the body and can also arise through neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of organ-specific epithelial cell types. Hence, NENs constitute a group of tumour types that share key genomic and phenotypic characteristics irrespective of their site of origin, albeit with some organ-specific differences. The establishment of representative preclinical models for several of these disease entities together with analyses of human tumour specimens has provided important insights into crucial aspects of their biology with therapeutic implications. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of NENs of the gastrointestinal system and lung from clinical and biological perspectives. Research on NENs has typically been siloed by the tumour site of origin, and a cross-cutting view might enable advances in one area to accelerate research in others. Therefore, we aim to emphasize that a better understanding of the commonalities and differences of NENs arising in different organs might more effectively inform clinical research to define therapeutic targets and ultimately optimize patient care.
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12
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Giraldo NA, Drill E, Satravada BA, Dika IE, Brannon AR, Dermawan J, Mohanty A, Ozcan K, Chakravarty D, Benayed R, Vakiani E, Abou-Alfa GK, Kundra R, Schultz N, Li BT, Berger MF, Harding JJ, Ladanyi M, O’Reilly EM, Jarnagin W, Vanderbilt C, Basturk O, Arcila ME. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Gallbladder Carcinoma and Potential Targets for Intervention. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5359-5367. [PMID: 36228155 PMCID: PMC9772093 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is an uncommon and aggressive disease, which remains poorly defined at a molecular level. Here, we aimed to characterize the molecular landscape of GBC and identify markers with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN GBC samples were analyzed using the MSK-IMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets) platform (targeted NGS assay that analyzes 505 cancer-associated genes). Variants with therapeutic implications were identified using OncoKB database. The associations between recurrent genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics (Fisher exact tests) or overall survival (univariate Cox regression) were evaluated. P values were adjusted for multiple testing. RESULTS Overall, 244 samples (57% primary tumors and 43% metastases) from 233 patients were studied (85% adenocarcinomas, 10% carcinomas with squamous differentiation, and 5% neuroendocrine carcinomas). The most common oncogenic molecular alterations appeared in the cell cycle (TP53 63% and CDKN2A 21%) and RTK_RAS pathways (ERBB2 15% and KRAS 11%). No recurrent structural variants were identified. There were no differences in the molecular landscape of primary and metastasis samples. Variants in SMAD4 and STK11 independently associated with reduced survival in patients with metastatic disease. Alterations considered clinically actionable in GBC or other solid tumor types (e.g., NTRK1 fusions or oncogenic variants in ERBB2, PIK3CA, or BRCA1/2) were identified in 35% of patients; 18% of patients with metastatic disease were treated off-label or enrolled in a clinical trial based on molecular findings. CONCLUSIONS GBC is a genetically diverse malignancy. This large-scale genomic analysis revealed alterations with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications and provides guidance for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Giraldo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Esther Drill
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Baby A Satravada
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Imane El Dika
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - A. Rose Brannon
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Josephine Dermawan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abhinita Mohanty
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kerem Ozcan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Debyani Chakravarty
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ryma Benayed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Efsevia Vakiani
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ritika Kundra
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bob T. Li
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - James J. Harding
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - William Jarnagin
- Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chad Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maria E. Arcila
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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13
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Wu H, Yu Z, Liu Y, Guo L, Teng L, Guo L, Liang L, Wang J, Gao J, Li R, Yang L, Nie X, Su D, Liang Z. Genomic characterization reveals distinct mutation landscapes and therapeutic implications in neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:1367-1386. [PMID: 36264285 PMCID: PMC9759768 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NECs) remain a disease of grim prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Their molecular characteristics are still undefined. This study aimed to explore the underlying genetic basis and heterogeneity of GI-NECs. METHODS Comprehensive genomic analysis using whole-exome sequencing was performed on 143 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of surgically resected GI-NEC with a thorough histological evaluation. Mutational signatures, somatic mutations, and copy number aberrations were analyzed and compared across anatomic locations and histological subtypes. Survival analysis was conducted to identify the independent factors. RESULTS In total, 143 GI-NECs were examined: the stomach, 87 cases (60.8%); the esophagus, 29 cases (20.3%); the colorectum, 20 cases (14.0%); and the small intestine, 7 cases (4.9%). Eighty-three (58.0%) and 60 (42.0%) cases were subclassified into small cell and large cell subtypes, respectively. GI-NECs showed distinct genetic alterations from their lung counterparts and non-neuroendocrine carcinomas in the same locations. Obvious heterogeneity of mutational signatures, somatic mutations, and copy number variations was revealed across anatomic locations rather than histological subtypes. Except for tumor protein p53 (TP53) and retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), the most frequently mutated genes in the stomach, esophagus, colorectum, and small intestine were low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B), notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1), adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), respectively. Mutations in the WNT-β-catenin, NOTCH and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene B (ERBB) pathways were prevalently identified in gastric, esophageal, and colorectal NECs, respectively. Importantly, 104 (72.7%) GI-NECs harbored putative clinically relevant alterations, and non-gastric location and RB1 bi-allelic inactivation with copy number alterations were identified as two independent poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, we found that tumor cells in GI-NECs first gain clonal mutations in TP53, RB1, NOTCH1 and APC, followed by subsequent whole-genome doubling (WGD) and post-WGD clonal mutations in LRP1B, CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3 (CSMD3), FAT tumor suppressor homolog 4 (FAT4) and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4), and finally develop subclonal mutations. CONCLUSIONS GI-NECs harbor distinct genomic landscapes and demonstrate significant genetic heterogeneity across different anatomic locations. Moreover, potentially actionable alterations and prognostic factors were revealed for GI-NECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Wu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijing102200P. R. China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei050011P. R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of PathologyCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Lianghong Teng
- Department of PathologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100053P. R. China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215000P. R. China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of PathologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Ruiyu Li
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijing102200P. R. China
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of PathologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430022P. R. China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of PathologyThe Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesMolecular Pathology Research CenterPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
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14
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Wang L, Zhang M, Pan X, Zhao M, Huang L, Hu X, Wang X, Qiao L, Guo Q, Xu W, Qian W, Xue T, Ye X, Li M, Su H, Kuang Y, Lu X, Ye X, Qian K, Lou J. Integrative Serum Metabolic Fingerprints Based Multi-Modal Platforms for Lung Adenocarcinoma Early Detection and Pulmonary Nodule Classification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203786. [PMID: 36257825 PMCID: PMC9731719 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification of novel non-invasive biomarkers is critical for the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), especially for the accurate classification of pulmonary nodule. Here, a multiplexed assay is developed on an optimized nanoparticle-based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry platform for the sensitive and selective detection of serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs). Integrative SMFs based multi-modal platforms are constructed for the early detection of LUAD and the classification of pulmonary nodule. The dual modal model, metabolic fingerprints with protein tumor marker neural network (MP-NN), integrating SMFs with protein tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) via deep learning, shows superior performance compared with the single modal model Met-NN (p < 0.001). Based on MP-NN, the tri modal model MPI-RF integrating SMFs, tumor marker CEA, and image features via random forest demonstrates significantly higher performance than the clinical models (Mayo Clinic and Veterans Affairs) and the image artificial intelligence in pulmonary nodule classification (p < 0.001). The developed platforms would be promising tools for LUAD screening and pulmonary nodule management, paving the conceptual and practical foundation for the clinical application of omics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Mengji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute of Medical Robotics and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesDivision of CardiologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200127P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Pan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Mingna Zhao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050051P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Lihua Qiao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Guo
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Xu
- School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
| | - Wenli Qian
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Tingjia Xue
- Department of RadiologyShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Ye
- Department of RadiologyShanghai Institute of Medical ImagingZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001P. R. China
| | - Haixiang Su
- Gansu Academic Institute for Medical ResearchGansu Cancer HospitalLanzhouGansu730050P. R. China
| | - Yinglan Kuang
- Department of A. I. ResearchJoint Research Center of Liquid Biopsy in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and MacaoZhuhaiGuangdong519000P. R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of A. I. ResearchJoint Research Center of Liquid Biopsy in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and MacaoZhuhaiGuangdong519000P. R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Product DevelopmentJoint Research Center of Liquid Biopsy in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and MacaoZhuhaiGuangdong519000P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute of Medical Robotics and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesDivision of CardiologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200127P. R. China
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030P. R. China
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15
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Ordulu Z, Mino-Kenudson M, Young RH, Van de Vijver K, Zannoni GF, Félix A, Burandt E, Wong A, Nardi V, Oliva E. Morphologic and Molecular Heterogeneity of Cervical Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: A Report of 14 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:1670-1681. [PMID: 36069807 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the cervix are rare aggressive tumors associated with poor prognosis and only limited treatment options. Although there is some literature on molecular underpinnings of cervical small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECs), detailed morphologic and associated molecular characteristics of cervical NENs remains to be elucidated. Herein, 14 NENs (SCNEC: 6, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [LCNEC]: 6, neuroendocrine tumor [NET]: 2), including 5 admixed with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated adenocarcinoma (carcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma) were analyzed. All except 3 SCNECs were HPV16/18 positive. TP53 (3) and/or RB1 (4) alterations (3 concurrent) were only seen in SCNECs (4/6) and were enriched in the HPV16/18-negative tumors. The other most common molecular changes in neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) overlapping with those reported in the literature for cervical carcinomas involved PI3K/MAPK pathway (4) and MYC (4) and were seen in both SCNECs and LCNECs. In contrast, the 2 NETs lacked any significant alterations. Two LCNECs admixed with adenocarcinoma had enough material to sequence separately each component. In both pathogenic alterations were shared between the 2 components, including ERBB2 amplification in one and an MSH6 mutation with MYC amplification in the other. Overall, these findings suggest that cervical HPV-associated NETs are genomically silent and high-grade NECs (regardless of small or large cell morphology) share molecular pathways with common cervical carcinomas as it has been reported in the endometrium and are different from NECs at other sites. Molecular analysis of these highly malignant neoplasms might inform the clinical management for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Ordulu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert H Young
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Roma, Italy
| | - Ana Félix
- Department of Pathology, Nova Medical School and University of Lisbon, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Lisbon, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adele Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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16
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Targeting the untargetable: RB1-deficient tumours are vulnerable to Skp2 ubiquitin ligase inhibition. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:969-975. [PMID: 35752713 PMCID: PMC9470583 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle are accumulated and degraded in a coordinated manner during the transition from one cell cycle phase to the next. The rapid loss of a critical protein, for example, to allow the cell to move from G1/G0 to S phase, is often regulated by its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Protein ubiquitination is mediated by a series of three ligases, of which the E3 ligases provide the specificity for a particular protein substrate. One such E3 ligase is SCFSkp1/Cks1, which has a substrate recruiting subunit called S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2). Skp2 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, can act as an oncogene, and is overexpressed in human cancer. A primary target of Skp2 is the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (CDKN1b) that regulates the cell cycle at several points. The RB1 tumour suppressor gene regulates Skp2 activity by two mechanisms: by controlling its mRNA expression, and by an effect on Skp2's enzymatic activity. For the latter, the RB1 protein (pRb) directly binds to the substrate-binding site on Skp2, preventing protein substrates from being ubiquitinated and degraded. Inactivating mutations in RB1 are common in human cancer, becoming more frequent in aggressive, metastatic, and drug-resistant tumours. Hence, RB1 mutation leads to the loss of pRb, an unrestrained increase in Skp2 activity, the unregulated decrease in p27, and the loss of cell cycle control. Because RB1 mutations lead to the loss of a functional protein, its direct targeting is not possible. This perspective will discuss evidence validating Skp2 as a therapeutic target in RB1-deficient cancer.
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17
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Li J, Zhang X, Xu X, Zhao Q, Yang Q, He M, Chen X, Zhao J. The Survival and Prognosis Characteristics of Primary Esophageal Small-Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5615009. [PMID: 36246556 PMCID: PMC9553554 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5615009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To comprehensively explore the survival characteristics of primary esophageal small-cell carcinoma (PSCCE) and identify the main factors affecting the prognosis. Methods The clinical and follow-up data of PSCCE patients admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was five-year survival. Survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test was used to compare the differences in survival rates among the groups. Cox regression models were used to analyze prognostic factors. Results A total of 119 eligible patients were retrieved. Median survival was 27 months (3-100 months). Changes in overall survival (OS) in PSCCE patients were associated with TNM stage (P = 0.007), T stage (P = 0.049), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004). When TNM was in stage I-IIb, lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003) or combined adjuvant therapy (P = 0.004) was an independent factor affecting OS. Survival analysis showed that TNM staging had no predictive value for 5-year survival time or disease-free survival (DFS) of PSCCE (P > 0.05). Conclusion TNM stage, T stage, and lymph node metastasis were related to the survival of patients. Negative lymph node metastasis and treatment are independent prognostic factors in PSCCE TNM stage I-IIb patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhang
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xinjian Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Jidong Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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18
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Corbett V, Hallenbeck P, Rychahou P, Chauhan A. Evolving role of seneca valley virus and its biomarker TEM8/ANTXR1 in cancer therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:930207. [PMID: 36090051 PMCID: PMC9458967 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.930207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have made a significant inroad in cancer drug development. Numerous clinical trials are currently investigating oncolytic viruses both as single agents or in combination with various immunomodulators. Oncolytic viruses (OV) are an integral pillar of immuno-oncology and hold potential for not only delivering durable anti-tumor responses but also converting “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors. In this review we will discuss one such promising oncolytic virus called Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) and its therapeutic implications. SVV development has seen seismic evolution over the past decade and now boasts of being the only OV with a practically applicable biomarker for viral tropism. We discuss relevant preclinical and clinical data involving SVV and how bio-selecting for TEM8/ANTXR1, a negative tumor prognosticator can lead to first of its kind biomarker driven oncolytic viral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Corbett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Piotr Rychahou
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Aman Chauhan,
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19
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Frizziero M, Kilgour E, Simpson KL, Rothwell DG, Moore DA, Frese KK, Galvin M, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Valle JW, McNamara MG, Dive C. Expanding Therapeutic Opportunities for Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1999-2019. [PMID: 35091446 PMCID: PMC7612728 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-NEC) are rare cancers garnering interest as they become more commonly encountered in the clinic. This is due to improved diagnostic methods and the increasingly observed phenomenon of "NE lineage plasticity," whereby nonneuroendocrine (non-NE) epithelial cancers transition to aggressive NE phenotypes after targeted treatment. Effective treatment options for patients with PD-NEC are challenging for several reasons. This includes a lack of targetable, recurrent molecular drivers, a paucity of patient-relevant preclinical models to study biology and test novel therapeutics, and the absence of validated biomarkers to guide clinical management. Although advances have been made pertaining to molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a PD-NEC of lung origin, extrapulmonary (EP)-PD-NECs remain understudied. This review will address emerging SCLC-like, same-organ non-NE cancer-like and tumor-type-agnostic biological vulnerabilities of EP-PD-NECs, with the potential for therapeutic exploitation. The hypotheses surrounding the origin of these cancers and how "NE lineage plasticity" can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes are discussed. SCLC is herein proposed as a paradigm for supporting progress toward precision medicine in EP-PD-NECs. The aim of this review is to provide a thorough portrait of the current knowledge of EP-PD-NEC biology, with a view to informing new avenues for research and future therapeutic opportunities in these cancers of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frizziero
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L. Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic G. Rothwell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Moore
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Rd, London NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Kristopher K. Frese
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Galvin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Hubner
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Juan W. Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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20
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Frizziero M, Durand A, Taboada RG, Zaninotto E, Luchini C, Chakrabarty B, Hervieu V, Claro LCL, Zhou C, Cingarlini S, Milella M, Walter T, Riechelmann RS, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Mansoor W, Valle JW, McNamara MG. Is the Morphological Subtype of Extra-Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Clinically Relevant? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4152. [PMID: 34439308 PMCID: PMC8392018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (EP-NECs) are lethal cancers with limited treatment options. Identification of contributing factors to the observed heterogeneity of clinical outcomes within the EP-NEC family is warranted, to enable identification of effective treatments. A multicentre retrospective study investigated potential differences in "real-world" treatment/survival outcomes between small-cell (SC) versus (vs.) non-SC EP-NECs. One-hundred and seventy patients were included: 77 (45.3%) had SC EP-NECs and 93 (54.7%) had non-SC EP-NECs. Compared to the SC subgroup, the non-SC subgroup had the following features: (1) a lower mean Ki-67 index (69.3% vs. 78.7%; p = 0.002); (2) a lower proportion of cases with a Ki-67 index of ≥55% (73.9% vs. 88.7%; p = 0.025); (3) reduced sensitivity to first-line platinum/etoposide (objective response rate: 31.6% vs. 55.1%, p = 0.015; and disease control rate; 59.7% vs. 79.6%, p = 0.027); (4) worse progression-free survival (PFS) (adjusted-HR = 1.615, p = 0.016) and overall survival (OS) (adjusted-HR = 1.640, p = 0.015) in the advanced setting. Within the advanced EP-NEC cohort, subgroups according to morphological subtype and Ki-67 index (<55% vs. ≥55%) had significantly different PFS (adjusted-p = 0.021) and OS (adjusted-p = 0.051), with the non-SC subgroup with a Ki-67 index of <55% and non-SC subgroup with a Ki-67 index of ≥55% showing the best and worst outcomes, respectively. To conclude, the morphological subtype of EP-NEC provides complementary information to the Ki-67 index and may aid identification of patients who could benefit from alternative first-line treatment strategies to platinum/etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frizziero
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.F.); (A.L.); (R.A.H.); (J.W.V.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Alice Durand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France; (A.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Rodrigo G. Taboada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil; (R.G.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Elisa Zaninotto
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.Z.); (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Bipasha Chakrabarty
- Department of Pathology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- Department of Pathology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France;
| | - Laura C. L. Claro
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil;
| | - Cong Zhou
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - Sara Cingarlini
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.Z.); (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.Z.); (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Walter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France; (A.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Rachel S. Riechelmann
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil; (R.G.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.F.); (A.L.); (R.A.H.); (J.W.V.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Richard A. Hubner
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.F.); (A.L.); (R.A.H.); (J.W.V.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Wasat Mansoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Juan W. Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.F.); (A.L.); (R.A.H.); (J.W.V.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.F.); (A.L.); (R.A.H.); (J.W.V.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK;
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