1
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Sandner D, Sun K, Stadlbauer A, Heindl MW, Tan QY, Nuber M, Soci C, Kienberger R, Müller-Buschbaum P, Deschler F, Iglev H. Hole Localization in Bulk and 2D Lead-Halide Perovskites Studied by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19852-19862. [PMID: 38982763 PMCID: PMC11273617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Scattering and localization dynamics of charge carriers in the soft lattice of lead-halide perovskites impact polaron formation and recombination, which are key mechanisms of material function in optoelectronic devices. In this study, we probe the photoinduced lattice and carrier dynamics in perovskite thin films (CsFAPbX3, X = I, Br) using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. We examine the CN stretching mode of formamidinium (FA) cations located within the lead-halide octahedra of the perovskite structure. Our investigation reveals the formation of an infrared mode due to spatial symmetry breaking within a hundred picoseconds in 3D perovskites. Experiments at cryogenic temperatures show much-reduced carrier localization, in agreement with a localization mechanism that is driven by the dynamic disorder. We extend our analysis to 2D perovskites, where the precise nature of charge carriers is uncertain. Remarkably, the signatures of charge localization we found in bulk perovskites are not observed for 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites ((HexA)2FAPb2I7). This observation implies that the previously reported stabilization of free charge carriers in these materials follows different mechanisms than polaron formation in bulk perovskites. Through the exploration of heterostructures with electron/hole excess, we provide evidence that holes drive the formation of the emerging infrared mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sandner
- Chair
for Laser and X-ray Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kun Sun
- Chair
for Functional Materials, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Stadlbauer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W. Heindl
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Ying Tan
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Matthias Nuber
- Chair
for Laser and X-ray Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Cesare Soci
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Reinhard Kienberger
- Chair
for Laser and X-ray Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Chair
for Functional Materials, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Deschler
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Chair
for Laser and X-ray Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Li Z, Zhang XY, Ma R, Fu T, Zeng Y, Hu C, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Feng Y, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Wang T, Liu X, Xu H. Versatile optical manipulation of trions, dark excitons and biexcitons through contrasting exciton-photon coupling. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:295. [PMID: 38057305 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Various exciton species in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as neutral excitons, trions (charged excitons), dark excitons, and biexcitons, have been individually discovered with distinct light-matter interactions. In terms of valley-spin locked band structures and electron-hole configurations, these exciton species demonstrate flexible control of emission light with degrees of freedom (DOFs) such as intensity, polarization, frequency, and dynamics. However, it remains elusive to fully manipulate different exciton species on demand for practical photonic applications. Here, we investigate the contrasting light-matter interactions to control multiple DOFs of emission light in a hybrid monolayer WSe2-Ag nanowire (NW) structure by taking advantage of various exciton species. These excitons, including trions, dark excitons, and biexcitons, are found to couple independently with propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of Ag NW in quite different ways, thanks to the orientations of transition dipoles. Consistent with the simulations, the dark excitons and dark trions show extremely high coupling efficiency with SPPs, while the trions demonstrate directional chiral-coupling features. This study presents a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of exploiting the comprehensive spectrum of TMD excitons for optical information processing and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rundong Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Fu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Hu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ti Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, 430206, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, 430206, Wuhan, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- Henan Academy of Sciences, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Pan J, Chen Z, Zhang T, Hu B, Ning H, Meng Z, Su Z, Nodari D, Xu W, Min G, Chen M, Liu X, Gasparini N, Haque SA, Barnes PRF, Gao F, Bakulin AA. Operando dynamics of trapped carriers in perovskite solar cells observed via infrared optical activation spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8000. [PMID: 38044384 PMCID: PMC10694143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional spectroscopies are not sufficiently selective to comprehensively understand the behaviour of trapped carriers in perovskite solar cells, particularly under their working conditions. Here we use infrared optical activation spectroscopy (i.e., pump-push-photocurrent), to observe the properties and real-time dynamics of trapped carriers within operando perovskite solar cells. We compare behaviour differences of trapped holes in pristine and surface-passivated FA0.99Cs0.01PbI3 devices using a combination of quasi-steady-state and nanosecond time-resolved pump-push-photocurrent, as well as kinetic and drift-diffusion models. We find a two-step trap-filling process: the rapid filling (~10 ns) of low-density traps in the bulk of perovskite, followed by the slower filling (~100 ns) of high-density traps at the perovskite/hole transport material interface. Surface passivation by n-octylammonium iodide dramatically reduces the number of trap states (~50 times), improving the device performance substantially. Moreover, the activation energy (~280 meV) of the dominant hole traps remains similar with and without surface passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ziming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Beier Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Haoqing Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhu Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ziyu Su
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Davide Nodari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Piers R F Barnes
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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4
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Duan M, Wang Y, Zhang P, Du L. Effect of Cs + Doping on the Carrier Dynamics of MAPbI 3 Perovskite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6064. [PMID: 37687759 PMCID: PMC10488383 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic inorganic perovskite materials have received increasing attention in the optoelectronic field because of their unique properties. The ultrafast dynamics of photogenerated carriers determine photoelectric conversion efficiency, thus, it is feasible to influence the dynamics behavior of photogenerated carriers by regulating A-site cations. This paper mainly used transient absorption spectra (TAS) technology to study the photogenerated carriers relaxation processes of organic-inorganic perovskite CsxMA1-xPbI3 materials at different x values. Three sets of time constants were obtained by global fitting at different values of x. The experimental results showed that the crystal structure of perovskite could be affected by adjusting the Cs+ doping amount, thereby regulating the carrier dynamics. The appropriate amount of A-cation doping not only maintained the organic-inorganic perovskite crystal phase, but also prolonged the photogenerated carrier's lifetime. The 10% Cs+ doping CsxMA1-xPbI3 perovskite has potential for solar cell applications. We hope that our research can provide dynamics support for the development of organic-inorganic perovskite in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Duan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Pingli Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luchao Du
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Direct observation of photoinduced carrier blocking in mixed-dimensional 2D/3D perovskites and the origin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6229. [PMID: 36266279 PMCID: PMC9585031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-dimensional 2D/3D halide perovskite solar cells promise high stability but practically deliver poor power conversion efficiency, and the 2D HP component has been held as the culprit because its intrinsic downsides (ill charge conductivity, wider bandgap, and strong exciton binding) were intuitively deemed to hinder carrier transport. Herein, we show that the 2D HP fragments, in fact, allow free migration of carriers in darkness but only block the carrier transport under illumination. While surely limiting the photovoltaic performance, such photoinduced carrier blocking effect is unexplainable by the traditional understanding above but is found to stem from the trap-filling-enhanced built-in potential of the 2D/3D HP interface. By parsing the depth-profile nanoscopic phase arrangement of the mixed-dimensional 2D/3D HP film for solar cells and revealing a photoinduced potential barrier up to several hundred meV, we further elucidate how the photoinduced carrier blocking mechanism jeopardizes the short-circuit current and fill factor. Mixed dimensional 2D/3D halide perovskite solar cells practically deliver poorer efficiency, and the 2D fragments have been considered responsible. Here, the authors unveil a photoinduced carrier blocking effect at the 2D/3D perovskite interface that could truly jeopardize device parameters.
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6
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Berweger S, Zhang F, Larson BW, Ferguson AJ, Palmstrom AF, Reid OG, Wallis TM, Zhu K, Berry JJ, Kabos P, Nanayakkara SU. Nanoscale Photoexcited Carrier Dynamics in Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2388-2395. [PMID: 35257587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskite thin films can be tuned through compositional variations and strain, but the associated nanocrystalline structure makes it difficult to untangle the link between composition, processing conditions, and ultimately material properties and degradation. Here, we study the effect of processing conditions and degradation on the local photoconductivity dynamics in [(CsPbI3)0.05(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15] and (FA0.7Cs0.3PbI3) perovskite thin films using temporally and spectrally resolved microwave near-field microscopy with a temporal resolution as high as 5 ns and a spatial resolution better than 50 nm. For the latter FACs formulation, we find a clear effect of the process annealing temperature on film morphology, stability, and spatial photoconductivity distribution. After exposure of samples to ambient conditions and illumination, we find spectral evidence of halide segregation-induced degradation below the instrument resolution limit for the mixed halide formulation, while we find a clear spatially inhomogeneous increase in the carrier lifetime for the FACs formulation annealed at 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Berweger
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bryon W Larson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Axel F Palmstrom
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Thomas M Wallis
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Pavel Kabos
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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