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Chao X, Yang Y, Gong W, Zou S, Tu H, Li D, Feng W, Cai H. Leep2A and Leep2B function as a RasGAP complex to regulate macropinosome formation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401110. [PMID: 38888895 PMCID: PMC11187982 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis mediates the non-selective bulk uptake of extracellular fluid, enabling cells to survey the environment and obtain nutrients. A conserved set of signaling proteins orchestrates the actin dynamics that lead to membrane ruffling and macropinosome formation across various eukaryotic organisms. At the center of this signaling network are Ras GTPases, whose activation potently stimulates macropinocytosis. However, how Ras signaling is initiated and spatiotemporally regulated during macropinocytosis is not well understood. By using the model system Dictyostelium and a proteomics-based approach to identify regulators of macropinocytosis, we uncovered Leep2, consisting of Leep2A and Leep2B, as a RasGAP complex. The Leep2 complex specifically localizes to emerging macropinocytic cups and nascent macropinosomes, where it modulates macropinosome formation by regulating the activities of three Ras family small GTPases. Deletion or overexpression of the complex, as well as disruption or sustained activation of the target Ras GTPases, impairs macropinocytic activity. Our data reveal the critical role of fine-tuning Ras activity in directing macropinosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Tang T, Sun J, Li C. The role of Phafin proteins in cell signaling pathways and diseases. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220896. [PMID: 38947768 PMCID: PMC11211877 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated proteins are important membrane readers that mediate and facilitate the signaling and trafficking pathways in eukaryotic membrane-bound compartments. The protein members in the Phafin family are membrane readers containing two phosphoinositide recognition domains: the Pleckstrin Homology domain and the FYVE (Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, and early endosome antigen 1) domain. Phafin proteins, categorized into two subfamilies, Phafin1 and Phafin2, associate with cellular membranes through interactions involving membrane-embedded phosphoinositides and phosphoinositide-binding domains. These membrane-associated Phafin proteins play pivotal roles by recruiting binding partners and forming complexes, which contribute significantly to apoptotic, autophagic, and macropinocytotic pathways. Elevated expression levels of Phafin1 and Phafin2 are observed in various cancers. A recent study highlights a significant increase in Phafin1 protein levels in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients compared to normal subjects, suggesting a crucial role for Phafin1 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-binding 2 (Pib2), a close relative of the Phafin1 protein, functions as an amino acid sensor activating the TOCR1 pathway in yeasts. This review focuses on delineating the involvement of Phafin proteins in cellular signaling and their implications in diseases and briefly discusses the latest research findings concerning Pib2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoxian Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Wu Y, Hu X, Wei Z, Lin Q. Cellular Regulation of Macropinocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6963. [PMID: 39000072 PMCID: PMC11241348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in macropinocytosis has risen in recent years owing to its function in tumorigenesis, immune reaction, and viral infection. Cancer cells utilize macropinocytosis to acquire nutrients to support their uncontrolled proliferation and energy consumption. Macropinocytosis, a highly dynamic endocytic and vesicular process, is regulated by a series of cellular signaling pathways. The activation of small GTPases in conjunction with phosphoinositide signaling pivotally regulates the process of macropinocytosis. In this review, we summarize important findings about the regulation of macropinocytosis and provide information to increase our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.); (Z.W.)
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4
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Cárdenas M, Michelson S, Galleguillos C, Vásquez-Martínez Y, Cortez-San Martin M. Modulation of infectious Salmon Anaemia virus infection by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis inhibitors. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105223. [PMID: 38520841 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a pathogen that causes disease and large mortality in farm-raised Salmo salar L., being considered as a major problem in the salmon industry. However, despite its relevance, there are still numerous knowledge gaps on virus entry and early stages of infection. Previous studies suggested that virus entry into cells occurs via endocytosis, with no description of specific mechanisms. However, it remains unknown if the endocytosis induced by ISAV is a clathrin-dependent or clathrin-independent process. This study aimed to identify cellular mechanisms allowing ISAV entry into Atlantic Salmon head kidney (ASK) cells. Our results showed that ISAV can be found in coated pits and membrane ruffles, the latter being induced by a rearrangement of actin filaments promoted by ISAV infection. Additionally, it was determined that ISAV stimulate the uptake of extracellular fluid in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. When the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway was pharmacologically inhibited, ISAV infection was significantly reduced but not entirely inhibited. Similarly, when the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), a key component of macropinocytosis, was inhibited, ISAV infection was negatively affected. Our results suggest that ISAV enters cells via both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and most likely macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Cárdenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sofía Michelson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Galleguillos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Medicine School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cortez-San Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Pathogen Control, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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5
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Shepley-McTaggart A, Liang J, Ding Y, Djurkovic MA, Kriachun V, Shtanko O, Sunyer O, Harty RN. Contrasting effects of filamin A and B proteins in modulating filovirus entry. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011595. [PMID: 37585478 PMCID: PMC10461817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg viruses (MARV) cause severe hemorrhagic fever associated with high mortality rates in humans. A better understanding of filovirus-host interactions that regulate the EBOV and MARV lifecycles can provide biological and mechanistic insight critical for therapeutic development. EBOV glycoprotein (eGP) and MARV glycoprotein (mGP) mediate entry into host cells primarily by actin-dependent macropinocytosis. Here, we identified actin-binding cytoskeletal crosslinking proteins filamin A (FLNa) and B (FLNb) as important regulators of both EBOV and MARV entry. We found that entry of pseudotype psVSV-RFP-eGP, infectious recombinant rVSV-eGP-mCherry, and live authentic EBOV and MARV was inhibited in filamin A knockdown (FLNaKD) cells, but was surprisingly enhanced in filamin B knockdown (FLNbKD) cells. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that differential regulation of macropinocytosis by FLNa and FLNb likely contributes to their specific effects on EBOV and MARV entry. This study is the first to identify the filamin family of proteins as regulators of EBOV and MARV entry. These findings may provide insight into the development of new countermeasures to prevent EBOV and MARV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marija A. Djurkovic
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Valeriia Kriachun
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olena Shtanko
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ronald N. Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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6
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Tang T, Hasan M, Capelluto DGS. Phafins Are More Than Phosphoinositide-Binding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098096. [PMID: 37175801 PMCID: PMC10178739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phafins are PH (Pleckstrin Homology) and FYVE (Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, and EEA1) domain-containing proteins. The Phafin protein family is classified into two groups based on their sequence homology and functional similarity: Phafin1 and Phafin2. This protein family is unique because both the PH and FYVE domains bind to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P], a phosphoinositide primarily found in endosomal and lysosomal membranes. Phafin proteins act as PtdIns(3)P effectors in apoptosis, endocytic cargo trafficking, and autophagy. Additionally, Phafin2 is recruited to macropinocytic compartments through coincidence detection of PtdIns(3)P and PtdIns(4)P. Membrane-associated Phafins serve as adaptor proteins that recruit other binding partners. In addition to the phosphoinositide-binding domains, Phafin proteins present a poly aspartic acid motif that regulates membrane binding specificity. In this review, we summarize the involvement of Phafins in several cellular pathways and their potential physiological functions while highlighting the similarities and differences between Phafin1 and Phafin2. Besides, we discuss research perspectives for Phafins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoxian Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniel G S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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7
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Machesky LM. CYRI proteins: controllers of actin dynamics in the cellular 'eat vs walk' decision. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:579-585. [PMID: 36892409 PMCID: PMC10212538 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells use actin-based protrusions not only to migrate, but also to sample their environment and take up liquids and particles, including nutrients, antigens and pathogens. Lamellipodia are sheet-like actin-based protrusions involved in sensing the substratum and directing cell migration. Related structures, macropinocytic cups, arise from lamellipodia ruffles and can take in large gulps of the surrounding medium. How cells regulate the balance between using lamellipodia for migration and macropinocytosis is not yet well understood. We recently identified CYRI proteins as RAC1-binding regulators of the dynamics of lamellipodia and macropinocytic events. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of how cells regulate the balance between eating and walking by repurposing their actin cytoskeletons in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Machesky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, U.K
- CRUK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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8
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Salloum G, Bresnick AR, Backer JM. Macropinocytosis: mechanisms and regulation. Biochem J 2023; 480:335-362. [PMID: 36920093 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is defined as an actin-dependent but coat- and dynamin-independent endocytic uptake process, which generates large intracellular vesicles (macropinosomes) containing a non-selective sampling of extracellular fluid. Macropinocytosis provides an important mechanism of immune surveillance by dendritic cells and macrophages, but also serves as an essential nutrient uptake pathway for unicellular organisms and tumor cells. This review examines the cell biological mechanisms that drive macropinocytosis, as well as the complex signaling pathways - GTPases, lipid and protein kinases and phosphatases, and actin regulatory proteins - that regulate macropinosome formation, internalization, and disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Salloum
- Department of Molecular Pharamacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Backer
- Department of Molecular Pharamacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
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9
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Redpath GMI, Ananthanarayanan V. Endosomal sorting sorted - motors, adaptors and lessons from in vitro and cellular studies. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:292583. [PMID: 36861885 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins are key players in exerting spatiotemporal control over the intracellular location of membrane-bound compartments, including endosomes containing cargo. In this Review, we focus on how motors and their cargo adaptors regulate positioning of cargoes from the earliest stages of endocytosis and through the two main intracellular itineraries: (1) degradation at the lysosome or (2) recycling back to the plasma membrane. In vitro and cellular (in vivo) studies on cargo transport thus far have typically focussed independently on either the motor proteins and adaptors, or membrane trafficking. Here, we will discuss recent studies to highlight what is known about the regulation of endosomal vesicle positioning and transport by motors and cargo adaptors. We also emphasise that in vitro and cellular studies are often performed at different scales, from single molecules to whole organelles, with the aim to provide a perspective on the unified principles of motor-driven cargo trafficking in living cells that can be learned from these differing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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10
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Ma Z, Lin K, Tang M, Ramachandran M, Qiu R, Li J, Solano LN, Huang Y, De Souza C, Abou-Adas S, Xiang B, Zhang L, Li M, Li Y. A pH-Driven Small-Molecule Nanotransformer Hijacks Lysosomes and Overcomes Autophagy-Induced Resistance in Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204567. [PMID: 35791769 PMCID: PMC9995155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Smart conversion of supramolecular structures in vivo is an attractive strategy in cancer nanomedicine, which is usually achieved via specific peptide sequences. Here we developed a lysosomal targeting small-molecule conjugate, PBC, which self-assembles into nanoparticles at physiological pH and smartly converts to nanofibrils in lysosomes of tumor cells. Such a transformation mechanically leads to lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and unusual cytoplasmic vacuolation, thus granting PBC a unique anticancer activity as a monotherapy. Importantly, the photo-activated PBC elicits significant phototoxicity to lysosomes and shows enormous advantages in overcoming autophagy-caused treatment resistance frequently occurring in conventional phototherapy. This improved phototherapy achieves a complete cure of oral cancer xenografts upon limited administration. Our work provides a new paradigm for the construction of nonpeptide nanotransformers with biomedical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Menghuan Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mythili Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Reng Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lucas N Solano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cristabelle De Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sara Abou-Adas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bai Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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11
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Qiu Z, Liu W, Zhu Q, Ke K, Zhu Q, Jin W, Yu S, Yang Z, Li L, Sun X, Ren S, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Zeng J, Huang X, Huang Y, Wei L, Ma M, Lu J, Chen X, Mou Y, Xie T, Sui X. The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Macropinocytosis in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919819. [PMID: 36046825 PMCID: PMC9421435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis, a unique endocytosis pathway characterized by nonspecific internalization, has a vital role in the uptake of extracellular substances and antigen presentation. It is known to have dual effects on cancer cells, depending on cancer type and certain microenvironmental conditions. It helps cancer cells survive in nutrient-deficient environments, enhances resistance to anticancer drugs, and promotes invasion and metastasis. Conversely, overexpression of the RAS gene alongside drug treatment can lead to methuosis, a novel mode of cell death. The survival and proliferation of cancer cells is closely related to macropinocytosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but identifying how these cells interface with the TME is crucial for creating drugs that can limit cancer progression and metastasis. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on designing anticancer therapies that utilize the effects of macropinocytosis. Both the induction and inhibition of macropinocytosis are useful strategies for combating cancer cells. This article systematically reviews the general mechanisms of macropinocytosis, its specific functions in tumor cells, its occurrence in nontumor cells in the TME, and its application in tumor therapies. The aim is to elucidate the role and therapeutic potential of macropinocytosis in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qicong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Mou, ; Tian Xie, ; Xinbing Sui,
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Mou, ; Tian Xie, ; Xinbing Sui,
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Mou, ; Tian Xie, ; Xinbing Sui,
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12
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Ren Y, Wang C, Wang H, Chang Q, Guo D, Wang X. Identification of zebrafish PLEKHF2 presents in egg/embryos as an antibacterial protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:925-932. [PMID: 35863537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PLEKHF2 proteins are widespread in animals, but their functions and mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we clearly demonstrate that PLEKHF2 is a newly identified present abundantly in the eggs/embryos of zebrafish. We also show that recombinant PLEKHF2 acts as a pattern recognition receptor capable of identifying the bacterial signature molecule PGN, LPS, and LTA, binding the bacteria, and functions as an antibacterial effector directly killing the bacteria. In brief, these results indicate that PLEKHF2 is an antibacterial protein, a novel role assigned to PLEKHF2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chunqiu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qingqi Chang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Dongqiu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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13
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The PH Domain and C-Terminal polyD Motif of Phafin2 Exhibit a Unique Concurrence in Animals. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070696. [PMID: 35877899 PMCID: PMC9324892 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phafin2, a member of the Phafin family of proteins, contributes to a plethora of cellular activities including autophagy, endosomal cargo transportation, and macropinocytosis. The PH and FYVE domains of Phafin2 play key roles in membrane binding, whereas the C-terminal poly aspartic acid (polyD) motif specifically autoinhibits the PH domain binding to the membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). Since the Phafin2 FYVE domain also binds PtdIns3P, the role of the polyD motif remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics tools and resources were employed to determine the concurrence of the PH-FYVE module with the polyD motif among Phafin2 and PH-, FYVE-, or polyD-containing proteins from bacteria to humans. FYVE was found to be an ancient domain of Phafin2 and is related to proteins that are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Interestingly, the polyD motif only evolved in Phafin2 and PH- or both PH-FYVE-containing proteins in animals. PolyD motifs are absent in PH domain-free FYVE-containing proteins, which usually display cellular trafficking or autophagic functions. Moreover, the prediction of the Phafin2-interacting network indicates that Phafin2 primarily cross-talks with proteins involved in autophagy, protein trafficking, and neuronal function. Taken together, the concurrence of the polyD motif with the PH domain may be associated with complex cellular functions that evolved specifically in animals.
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14
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Ma Z, Lin K, Tang M, Ramachandran M, Qiu R, Li J, Solano LN, Huang Y, De Souza C, Abou-Adas S, Xiang B, Zhang L, Li M, Li Y. A pH‐Driven Small‐Molecule Nanotransformer Hijacks Lysosomes and Overcomes Autophagy‐Induced Resistance in Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kai Lin
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Menghuan Tang
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Mythili Ramachandran
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Reng Qiu
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Jin Li
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Lucas N. Solano
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Yanyu Huang
- University of California Davis Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Cristabelle De Souza
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Sara Abou-Adas
- University of California Davis Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Bai Xiang
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- Ocean University of China College of Food Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Minyong Li
- Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- University of California Davis School of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2405 95817 Sacramento UNITED STATES
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15
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids derived from phosphatidylinositol, a ubiquitous phospholipid in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic membranes. Initially discovered for their roles in cell signalling, phosphoinositides are now widely recognized as key integrators of membrane dynamics that broadly impact on all aspects of cell physiology and on disease. The past decade has witnessed a vast expansion of our knowledge of phosphoinositide biology. On the endocytic and exocytic routes, phosphoinositides direct the inward and outward flow of membrane as vesicular traffic is coupled to the conversion of phosphoinositides. Moreover, recent findings on the roles of phosphoinositides in autophagy and the endolysosomal system challenge our view of lysosome biology. The non-vesicular exchange of lipids, ions and metabolites at membrane contact sites in between organelles has also been found to depend on phosphoinositides. Here we review our current understanding of how phosphoinositides shape and direct membrane dynamics to impact on cell physiology, and provide an overview of emerging concepts in phosphoinositide regulation.
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