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Zhu D, Jiang S, Liao C, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu D, Bao W, Wang F, Huang H, Weng X, Liu L, Qu J, Wang Y. Ultrafast Laser 3D Nanolithography of Fiber-Integrated Silica Microdevices. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9734-9742. [PMID: 39047072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-integrated micro/nanostructures play a crucial role in modern industry, mainly owing to their compact size, high sensitivity, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, the three-dimensional manufacturing of fiber-tip functional structures beyond organic polymers remains challenging. It is essential to construct fiber-integrated inorganic silica with designed functional nanostructures for microsystem applications. Here, we develop a strategy for the 3D nanolithography of fiber-integrated silica from hybrid organic-inorganic materials by ultrafast laser-induced multiphoton absorption. Without silica nanoparticles and polymer additives, the acrylate-functionalized precursors can be locally cross-linked through a nonlinear effect. Followed by annealing at low temperature, the as-printed micro/nanostructures are transformed to high-quality silica with sub-100 nm resolution. Silica microcantilever probes and microtoroid resonators are directly integrated onto the optical fiber, showing strong thermal stability and quality factors. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating desired fiber-tip silica micro/nanostructures, which is helpful for the development of integrated functional device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shangben Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weijia Bao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Famei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haoqiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Fan X, Wang X, Ye Y, Ye Y, Su Y, Zhang Y, Wang C. Printing 3D Metallic Structures in Porous Matrix. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312071. [PMID: 38446075 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of metallic micro/nanostructures has great potential for advancing optoelectronic microdevices. Over the past decade, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) technology has played a crucial role in driving progress in this field. In this study, silica gel glass is used as a supporting medium, and FsLDW is employed to reduce gold and palladium ions using 7-Diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) as a two-photon sensitizer, enabling the printing of conductive multilayered and 3D metallic structures. How the pore size of the silica gel glass affects the electrical conductivity of printed metal wires is systematically examined. This 3D printing method is versatile and offers expanded opportunities for applying metallic micro/nanostructures in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuanxiang Ye
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuming Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
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Ya N, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yang M, Wu H, Oudeng G. Recent advances of biocompatible optical nanobiosensors in liquid biopsy: towards early non-invasive diagnosis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13784-13801. [PMID: 38979555 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01719f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive diagnostic method that can reduce the risk of complications and offers exceptional benefits in the dynamic monitoring and acquisition of heterogeneous cell population information. Optical nanomaterials with excellent light absorption, luminescence, and photoelectrochemical properties have accelerated the development of liquid biopsy technologies. Owing to the unique size effect of optical nanomaterials, their improved optical properties enable them to exhibit good sensitivity and specificity for mitigating signal interference from various molecules in body fluids. Nanomaterials with biocompatible and optical sensing properties play a crucial role in advancing the maturity and diversification of liquid biopsy technologies. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent advanced liquid biopsy technologies that utilize novel biocompatible optical nanomaterials, including fluorescence, colorimetric, photoelectrochemical, and Raman broad-spectrum-based biosensors. We focused on liquid biopsy for the most significant early biomarkers in clinical medicine, and specifically reviewed reports on the effectiveness of optical nanosensing technology in the detection of real patient samples, which may provide basic evidence for the transition of optical nanosensing technology from engineering design to clinical practice. Furthermore, we introduced the integration of optical nanosensing-based liquid biopsy with modern devices, such as smartphones, to demonstrate the potential of the technology in portable clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ya
- Pediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Dangui Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Gerile Oudeng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Li T, Liu J, Bin FC, Duan Q, Wu XY, Dong XZ, Zheng ML. Multipatterned Chondrocytes' Scaffolds by FL-MOPL with a BSA-GMA Hydrogel to Regulate Chondrocytes' Morphology. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2594-2603. [PMID: 38523342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Repairing articular cartilage damage is challenging due to its low regenerative capacity. In vitro, cartilage regeneration is a potential strategy for the functional reconstruction of cartilage defects. A hydrogel is an advanced material for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) due to its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, which is known as an ideal scaffold for cartilage regeneration. However, chondrocyte culture in vitro tends to dedifferentiate, leading to fibrosis and reduced mechanical properties of the newly formed cartilage tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of modulating the chondrocytes' morphology. In this study, we synthesize photo-cross-linkable bovine serum albumin-glycidyl methacrylate (BSA-GMA) with 65% methacrylation. The scaffolds are found to be suitable for chondrocyte growth, which are fabricated by homemade femtosecond laser maskless optical projection lithography (FL-MOPL). The large-area chondrocyte scaffolds have holes with interior angles of triangle (T), quadrilateral (Q), pentagon (P), hexagonal (H), and round (R). The FL-MOPL polymerization mechanism, swelling, degradation, and biocompatibility of the BSA-GMA hydrogel have been investigated. Furthermore, cytoskeleton and nucleus staining reveals that the R-scaffold with larger interior angle is more effective in maintaining chondrocyte morphology and preventing dedifferentiation. The scaffold's ability to maintain the chondrocytes' morphology improves as its shape matches that of the chondrocytes. These results suggest that the BSA-GMA scaffold is a suitable candidate for preventing chondrocyte differentiation and supporting cartilage tissue repair and regeneration. The proposed method for chondrocyte in vitro culture by developing biocompatible materials and flexible fabrication techniques would broaden the potential application of chondrocyte transplants as a viable treatment for cartilage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technologies University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fan-Chun Bin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technologies University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, PR China
| | - Qi Duan
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technologies University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
- School of Future Technologies University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, PR China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
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Kollipara PS, Wu Z, Yao K, Lin D, Ju Z, Zhang X, Jiang T, Ding H, Fang J, Li J, Korgel BA, Redwing JM, Yu G, Zheng Y. Three-Dimensional Optothermal Manipulation of Light-Absorbing Particles in Phase-Change Gel Media. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8062-8072. [PMID: 38456693 PMCID: PMC11285096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Rational manipulation and assembly of discrete colloidal particles into architected superstructures have enabled several applications in materials science and nanotechnology. Optical manipulation techniques, typically operated in fluid media, facilitate the precise arrangement of colloidal particles into superstructures by using focused laser beams. However, as the optical energy is turned off, the inherent Brownian motion of the particles in fluid media impedes the retention and reconfiguration of such superstructures. Overcoming this fundamental limitation, we present on-demand, three-dimensional (3D) optical manipulation of colloidal particles in a phase-change solid medium made of surfactant bilayers. Unlike liquid crystal media, the lack of fluid flow within the bilayer media enables the assembly and retention of colloids for diverse spatial configurations. By utilizing the optically controlled temperature-dependent interactions between the particles and their surrounding media, we experimentally exhibit the holonomic microscale control of diverse particles for repeatable, reconfigurable, and controlled colloidal arrangements in 3D. Finally, we demonstrate tunable light-matter interactions between the particles and 2D materials by successfully manipulating and retaining these particles at fixed distances from the 2D material layers. Our experimental results demonstrate that the particles can be retained for over 120 days without any change in their relative positions or degradation in the bilayers. With the capability of arranging particles in 3D configurations with long-term stability, our platform pushes the frontiers of optical manipulation for distinct applications such as metamaterial fabrication, information storage, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zilong Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jie Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian A Korgel
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joan M Redwing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Guo M, Liu XY, Li T, Duan Q, Dong XZ, Liu J, Jin F, Zheng ML. Cross-Scale Topography Achieved by MOPL with Positive Photoresist to Regulate the Cell Behavior. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303572. [PMID: 37592111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cross-scale micro-nano structures play an important role in semiconductors, MEMS, chemistry, and cell biology. Positive photoresist is widely used in lithography due to the advantages of high resolution and environmental friendliness. However, cross-scale micro-nano structures of positive photoresist are difficult to flexibly pattern, and the feature resolution is limited by the optical diffraction. Here, cross-scale patterned micro-nano structures are achieved using the positive photoresist based on the femtosecond laser maskless optical projection lithography (MOPL) technique. The dependence between exposure dose and groove width is comprehensively analyzed, and a feature size of 112 nm is obtained at 110 µW. Furthermore, large-area topography considering cell size is efficiently fabricated by the MOPL technique, which enables the regulation of cell behavior. The proposed protocol of achieving cross-scale structures with the exact size by MOPL of positive photoresist would provide new avenues for potential applications in nanoelectronics and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Teng Li
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Qi Duan
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Zhou MX, Jin F, Wang JY, Dong XZ, Liu J, Zheng ML. Dynamic Color-Switching of Hydrogel Micropillar Array under Ethanol Vapor for Optical Encryption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304384. [PMID: 37480176 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Responsive structural colors from artificially engineered micro/nanostructures are critical to the development of anti-counterfeiting, optical encryption, and intelligent display. Herein, the responsive structural color of hydrogel micropillar array is demonstrated under the external stimulus of ethanol vapor. Micropillar arrays with full color are fabricated via femtosecond laser direct writing by controlling the height and diameter of the micropillars according to the FDTD simulation. Color-switching of the micropillar arrays is achieved in <1 s due to the formation of liquid film among micropillars. More importantly, the structural color blueshift of the micropillar arrays is sensitive to the micropillar diameter, instead of the micropillar height. The micropillar array with a diameter of 772 nm takes 400 ms to complete blueshift under ethanol vapor, while that with a diameter of 522 nm blueshifts at 2400 ms. Microscale patterns are realized by employing the size-dependent color-switching of designed micropillar arrays under ethanol vapor. Moreover, Morse code and directional blueshift of structural colors are realized in the micropillar arrays. The advantages of controllable color-switching of the hydrogel micropillar array would be prospective in the areas of optical encryption, dynamic display, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Zhou
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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8
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Liu T, Tao P, Wang X, Wang H, He M, Wang Q, Cui H, Wang J, Tang Y, Tang J, Huang N, Kuang C, Xu H, He X. Ultrahigh-printing-speed photoresists for additive manufacturing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01517-w. [PMID: 37783856 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Printing technology for precise additive manufacturing at the nanoscale currently relies on two-photon lithography. Although this methodology can overcome the Rayleigh limit to achieve nanoscale structures, it still operates at too slow of a speed for large-scale practical applications. Here we show an extremely sensitive zirconium oxide hybrid-(2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxystyryl)-1,3,5-triazine) (ZrO2-BTMST) photoresist system that can achieve a printing speed of 7.77 m s-1, which is between three and five orders of magnitude faster than conventional polymer-based photoresists. We build a polygon laser scanner-based two-photon lithography machine with a linear stepping speed approaching 10 m s-1. Using the ZrO2-BTMST photoresist, we fabricate a square raster with an area of 1 cm2 in ~33 min. Furthermore, the extremely small chemical components of the ZrO2-BTMST photoresist enable high-precision patterning, leading to a line width as small as 38 nm. Calculations assisted by characterizations reveal that the unusual sensitivity arises from an efficient light-induced polarity change of the ZrO2 hybrid. We envisage that the exceptional sensitivity of our organic-inorganic hybrid photoresist may lead to a viable large-scale additive manufacturing nanofabrication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Tao
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cui
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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9
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Weidinger B, Yang G, von Coelln N, Nirschl H, Wacker I, Tegeder P, Schröder RR, Blasco E. 3D Printing Hierarchically Nano-Ordered Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302756. [PMID: 37532671 PMCID: PMC10558687 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural materials are composed of a limited number of molecular building blocks and their exceptional properties are governed by their hierarchical structure. However, this level of precision is unattainable with current state-of-the-art materials for 3D printing. Herein, new self-assembled printable materials based on block copolymers (BCPs) enabling precise control of the nanostructure in 3D are presented. In particular, well-defined BCPs consisting of poly(styrene) (PS) and a polymethacrylate-based copolymer decorated with printable units are selected as suitable self-assembled materials and synthesized using controlled radical polymerization. The synthesized library of BCPs are utilized as printable formulations for the fabrication of complex 3D microstructures using two-photon laser printing. By fine-tuning the BCP composition and solvent in the formulations, the fabrication of precise 3D nano-ordered structures is demonstrated for the first time. A key point of this work is the achievement of controlled nano-order within the entire 3D structures. Thus, imaging of the cross-sections of the 3D printed samples is performed, enabling the visualization also from the inside. The presented versatile approach is expected to create new avenues for the precise design of functional polymer materials suitable for high-resolution 3D printing exhibiting tailor-made nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Weidinger
- Insitute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced MaterialsUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Guohui Yang
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Nadine von Coelln
- Physikalisch‐Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Irene Wacker
- BioQuantUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 26769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch‐Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- BioQuantUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 26769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Insitute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced MaterialsUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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10
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Wang JY, Jin F, Dong XZ, Liu J, Zhou MX, Li T, Zheng ML. Dual-Stimuli Cooperative Responsive Hydrogel Microactuators Via Two-Photon Lithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303166. [PMID: 37264716 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the development of bionics as well as materials science, intelligent soft actuators have shown promising applications in many fields such as soft robotics, sensing, and remote manipulation. Microfabrication technologies have enabled the reduction of the size of responsive soft actuators to the micron level. However, it is still challenging to construct microscale actuators capable of responding to different external stimuli in complex and diverse conditions. Here, this work demonstrates a dual-stimuli cooperative responsive hydrogel microactuator by asymmetric fabrication via femtosecond laser direct writing. The dual response of the hydrogel microstructure is achieved by employing responsive hydrogel with functional monomer 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Raman spectra of the hydrogel microstructures suggest that the pH and temperature response of the hydrogel is generated by the changes in tertiary amine groups and hydrogen bonds, respectively. The asymmetric hydrogel microstructures show opposite bending direction when being heated to high temperature or exposed to acid solution, and can independently accomplish the grasp of polystyrene microspheres. Moreover, this work depicts the cooperative response of the hydrogel microactuator to pH and temperature at the same time. The dual-stimuli cooperative responsive hydrogel microactuators will provide a strategy for designing and fabricating controllable microscale actuators with promising applications in microrobotics and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhou
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Teng Li
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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11
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Guo M, Li T, Zhang WC, Duan Q, Dong XZ, Liu J, Jin F, Zheng ML. Wetting of Cell Aggregates on Microdisk Topography Structures Achieved by Maskless Optical Projection Lithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300311. [PMID: 37026658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell aggregates as a 3D culture model can effectively mimic the physiological processes such as embryonic development, immune response, and tissue renewal in vivo. Researches show that the topography of biomaterials plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. It is of great significance to understand how cell aggregates respond to surface topography. Herein, microdisk array structures with the optimized size are used to investigate the wetting of cell aggregates. Cell aggregates exhibit complete wetting with distinct wetting velocities on the microdisk array structures of different diameters. The wetting velocity of cell aggregates reaches a maximum of 293 µm h-1 on microdisk structures with a diameter of 2 µm and is a minimum of 247 µm h-1 on microdisk structures of 20 µm diameter, which suggests that the cell-substrates adhesion energy on the latter is smaller. Actin stress fibers, focal adhesions (FAs), and cell morphology are analyzed to reveal the mechanisms of variation of wetting velocity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that cell aggregates adopt climb and detour wetting modes on small and large-sized microdisk structures, respectively. This work reveals the response of cell aggregates to micro-scale topography, providing guidance for better understanding of tissue infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Teng Li
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Cai Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Qi Duan
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29, Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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12
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Wang RR, Zheng ML, Zhang WC, Liu J, Li T, Dong XZ, Jin F. Micropattern of Silver/Polyaniline Core-Shell Nanocomposite Achieved by Maskless Optical Projection Lithography. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9823-9830. [PMID: 36473163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of device miniaturization, a flexible and fast preparation method is in demand for achieving microstructures with desired patterns. We develop a novel photoreduction-polymerization method for preparing conductive metal-polymer patterns. Ag/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by maskless optical projection lithography (MOPL) technology, which is based on multiphoton absorption and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. The individualized design and synthesis of the nanocomposite patterns at the micro-nano scale are flexibly realized on a variety of substrates. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) is demonstrated on the microstructure of a square maze-shaped Ag/PANI nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity of the as-prepared nanocomposite is obtained. The preparation protocol proposed in this study opens up new avenues for the fabrication of micro-nano devices such as sensors and detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Cai Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Teng Li
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu Campus, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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13
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Yang X, Song R, He L, Wu L, He X, Liu X, Tang H, Lu X, Ma Z, Tian P. Optimization mechanism and applications of ultrafast laser machining towards highly designable 3D micro/nano structuring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35227-35241. [PMID: 36540223 PMCID: PMC9732930 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) micro/nano structures are significant in many applications because of their novel multi-functions and potential in high integration. As is known, the traditional methods for the processing of 3D micro/nano structures exhibit disadvantages in mass production and machining precision. Alternatively, ultrafast laser machining, as a rapid and high-power-density processing method, exhibits advantages in 3D micro/nano structuring due to its characteristics of extremely high peak power and ultra-short pulse. With the development of ultrafast laser processing for fine and complex structures, it is attracting significant interest and showing great potential in the manufacture of 3D micro/nano structures. In this review, we introduce the optimization mechanism of ultrafast laser machining in detail, such as the optimization of the repetition rate and pulse energy of the laser. Furthermore, the specific applications of 3D micro/nano structures by laser processing in the optical, electrochemical and biomedical fields are elaborated, and a valuable summary and perspective of 3D micro/nano manufacturing in these fields are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ruiqi Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Liang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Leixin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xin He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zeyu Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Peng Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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14
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Wang TW, Dong XZ, Jin F, Zhao YY, Liu XY, Zheng ML, Duan XM. Consistent pattern printing of the gap structure in femtosecond laser DMD projection lithography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:36791-36801. [PMID: 36258601 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maskless lithography technologies have been developed and played an important role in the fabrication of functional micronano devices for microelectronics, biochips and photonics. Optical projection lithography based on digital micromirror device (DMD) is an efficient maskless lithography technology that can rapidly fabricate complex structures. The precise modulation of gap width by DMD maskless optical projection lithography (MOPL) using femtosecond laser becomes important for achieving micronano structures. Herein, we have investigated the relationship between the structure morphology and the light intensity distribution at the image plane by multi-slit diffraction model and Abbe imaging principle, and optimized the gap width more accurately by modulating exposure energy. The aperture diameter of the objective lens has a substantial effect on the pattern consistency. The continuously adjustable structural gap widths of 2144 nm, 2158 nm and 1703 nm corresponding to 6, 12, 24 pixels are obtained by varying the exposure energy in the home-built MOPL system. However, the ideal gap structure cannot be obtained only by adjusting the exposure energy when the gap width is small, such as 1 or 2 pixels. Furthermore, we have proposed an alternative way to achieve fine gap structures through the structural decomposition design and precise control of exposure energy in different regions without changing the MOPL optical system. This study would provide a promising protocol for fabricating gap microstructures with controllable configuration using MOPL technique.
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